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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el estilo de vida en jóvenes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su relación con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal, con 56 estudiantes universitarios sanos, de los cuales el 19,64% de los sujetos pasaban ≥10 horas diarias sentados, el 51,8% tenían una baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, y el 39,2% el 46,4% se encontraban en el quintil más bajo en los Componente Sumario Físico y Componente Sumario Mental de CVRS, respectivamente, de acuerdo con los valores de referencia de su rango de edad. Hubo una correlación negativa entre la función física y el tiempo sentado (r= -0,38). Por tanto, la población estudiada presentó altos niveles de comportamiento sedentario, así como valores bajos de CVRS, con una correlación negativa moderada entre ambas variables. Background: Lifestyle is strongly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of non-communicable diseases, and has a great impact on quality of life. The goal of the present study was to analyze the lifestyle and body composition (BC) of young university students during the pandemic, and their relationship with health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Design And Setting: Observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. Methods: A total sample of 56 healthy university students was recruited. Activity, sitting time, adherence to Mediterranean diet and BC were measured. Results: Regarding BC, only 5% and 10.7% of the subjects had health risk values for waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. The mean daily sitting-time was 8.26 hours, while 19.64% of the subjects spent . 10 hours per day sitting. 92.86% of the subjects complied with the World Health Organization 2020 physical activity recommendations. The mean PREDIMED score was 7.41, while 51.8% of the subjects had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regarding HrQoL, 22 subjects (39.2%) and 26 subjects (46.4%) were in the lowest quintile of physical component summary and mental component summary, respectively, according to the reference values for their age range. There was a negative correlation between physical function and sitting time (r = -0.38). Conclusions: There were high levels of sedentary behavior and low HrQoL values, with a negative moderate correlation between these variables. The findings from the present study especially highlight the importance of implementing public health programs targeting reduction of sitting time among university students. Sin financiación 1.838 JCR (2021) Q3, 121/172 Medicine, General & Internal 0.333 SJR (2021) Q3, 1651/2489 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2021 UEM

Objetive. The objective of this randomized clinical trial is to check the acute effects of manual pressure and traction technique on balance and plantar footprint variables. Design A Single-blind clinical study with two groups. Setting Private practice Participants Forty healthy participants (28 females and 12 males) were recruited to carry out a single-blind study. Interventions. Experimental group performed a bilateral plantar fascia manual pressure and traction technique. Control group performed a tactile stimulation. The position of the participant, the therapist and the time of application of the techniques (5 minutes) were the same for both interventions. Main Outcome Measures. We measured stabilometry variables and static footprint. The footprint variables were divided in rear, middle and front foot areas. Results Significant differences were found in stabilometry variables. There was an improvement in experimental group at X displacement with eyes open (p=0.014) and surface eyes closed (p=0.046) variables. Conclusions After technique the experimental group improved the stabilometry variables, specifically, surface with eyes closed and X displacement with eyes open. The static footprint variables have not shown differences after the technique compared to the control group. Sin financiación 3.966 JCR (2020) Q1, 5/68 Rehabilitation 1.305 SJR (2020) Q1, 20/210 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation No data IDR 2020 UEM

Objectives The prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome varies from 21% 93%. Several studies have shown that myofascial induction is effective in treating myofascial pain syndrome. Although these techniques have shown some effectiveness in clinical practice, there have been little study into their effects, and have deep effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the application of a single myofascial induction technique for each foot, targeted to the plantar fascia resulted in changes in balance and footprint variables. Design A quasi-experimental study. Setting An outpatient clinic. Subjects 20 healthy participants (12 females and 8 males) were evaluated pre and post Myofascial induction technique for each foot in plantar fascia during 5 min. Methods We measured static footprint and stabilometry variables in asymptomatic subjects. The footprint surface area was divided: bilateral rear foot, bilateral midfoot, bilateral fore foot. Results We found differences in the footprint variables: maximun pressure in forefoot (p = 0.025), surface in forefoot (p = 0.03). The myofascial induction has no effects on stabilometry variables. Conclusions The immediate effects of the longitudinal technique of myofascial induction of the plantar fascia are the increase of surface and maximum pressure in fore foot.

Based on the high prevalence of asthma in the population, and its relationship with various musculoskeletal and postural disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate the plantar pressures in asthmatic patients compared to a control group. A case-control study involving 90 participants was conducted, consisting of 45 asthma patients and 45 healthy paired controls. Static plantar pressure data were recorded using a portable pressure sensor platform. Statistically significant differences were shown in the body weight on the left heel (p = 0.031), and the right forefoot maximum peak pressure was lower in the case group (p = 0.042). The findings of this study show alterations in static plantar pressures in asthmatic patients compared to healthy individuals. Specifically, the subjects with asthma showed less maximum pressure in the right forefoot and less weight on the left heel, which appear to be associated with the asthma disease.

Objectives To assess the effects of a vists prior to hospital admission on anxiety, depression and satisfaction of patients admitted electively to an intensive care unit (ICU). Design A randomised clinical trial [NCT03605407]. Setting A sample of 38 patients was recruited who were to be electively admiited to ICU divided into experimental (n = 19 patients receiving one visit prior to hospital ICU admission for surgery) and control (n = 19 patients not receiving a visit prior to hospital ICU admission for surgery) groups. Main outcome measurements Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were self-reported by patients before ICU admission, at 3-days and 90-days after ICU discharge. Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) were used to measure the users’ satisfaction before ICU admission and 3-days after ICU discharge. Results There were statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups for FS-ICU, but not for HADS, IES-R and CCFNI. Indeed, control group patients were more satisfied with regard to emotional support, ease of getting information, control feeling, concerns and questions expression ability and overall score for decision-making satisfaction. Conclusions The visit prior to hospital admission did not seem to modify anxiety or depression, but may impair satisfaction of ICU patients.

Background: The effect of Leg-Length Discrepancy (LLD) on dynamic gait parameters has been extensively discussed. Podobarography is the study of foot-to-ground pressure distribution. It has been used to test plantar footprint deviations that could reveal pathology. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of simulated LLD on dynamic gait parameters measured with a pressure platform in healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy subjects participated in observational cross-sectional research. A procedure was performed to capture the dynamic parameters of each participant under five different simulated LLD conditions. Support time, mean pressure, and peak pressure measures were registered on three trials for each foot and LLD level per session. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for repeated measures was performed to check for differences between the different simulated LLD levels. Results: The stance time of the short leg had no significant changes. The stance time of the long leg increased by 3.51% (p &lt, 0.001), mean pressure of the short leg increased by 1.23% (p = 0.005), and decreased by 5.89% in the long leg (p &lt, 0.001). Peak pressure of the short leg decreased by 2.58% (p = 0.031) and the long leg decreased by 12.11% (p &lt, 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that increasing LLD causes an asymmetrical foot-loading pattern, with decreased mean and peak pressure on the longer limb, and consequently an overload on the short side. Furthermore, an increasing LLD causes increased stance time on the long leg.

[Abstract] BACKGROUND: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) may play a key role in exercise biomechanics. Although the Podoprint platform has been used in dynamic pressure studies, there are no data regarding the reliability and repeatability of dynamic measurements under simulated LLD conditions. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters of the Podoprint pressure platform under simulated LLD conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study at a public university. METHODS: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers participated in this study. LLD was simulated using ethyl vinyl acetate plantar lifts with heights of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm located under the right shoe of each volunteer. The procedure was performed to capture the dynamic parameters of each participant under five different simulated LLD conditions. Stance time, mean pressure and peak pressure measurements were registered in three trials for each foot and each LLD level. Data were collected during two separate testing sessions, in order to establish intrasession and intersession reliability. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrasession reliability ranged from 0.775 to 0.983 in the first session and from 0.860 to 0.985 in the second session. The ICCs for intersession reliability ranged from 0.909 to 0.990. Bland-Altman plots showed absence of systematic measurement errors. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that the Podoprint platform is a reliable system for assessing dynamic parameters under simulated LLD conditions. Future studies should evaluate plantar pressures under LLD conditions, in association with exercise, biomechanics and musculoskeletal disorders.

Background: Kinesiophobia can be an obstacle to physical and motor activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD affects patients’ independence in carrying out daily activities. It also impacts a patient’s biopsychosocial well-being. The objective of this study was to analyze the levels and scores of kinesiophobia in PD patients and compare them with healthy volunteers. Methods: We deployed a case-control study and recruited 124 subjects (mean age 69.18 ± 9.12). PD patients were recruited from a center of excellence for Parkinson’s disease (cases n = 62). Control subjects were recruited from the same hospital (control n = 62). Kinesiophobia total scores and categories were self-reported using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Results: Differences between cases and control groups were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistically significant differences (p &lt, 0.05) were shown between groups when comparing kinesiophobia categories (or levels) and total scores, revealing higher kinesiophobia symptoms and levels in PD patients. All of the PD patients reported some degree of kinesiophobia (TSK-11 ≥ 18), while the majority of PD patients (77.3%) had kinesiophobia scores rated as moderate to severe (TSK-11 ≥ 25). On the other hand, ~45.1% of controls reported no or slight kinesiophobia and 53.2% reported moderate kinesiophobia. Conclusions: Total kinesiophobia scores were significantly higher in PD patients compared with healthy controls, with moderate to severe kinesiophobia levels prevailing in PD patients. Therefore, individuals living with PD should be evaluated and controlled in order to detect initial kinesiophobia symptoms.

Vasovagal reactions may occur occasionally during electrical stimulation using interferential current (IFC). The purpose of this study was to examine variations in autonomic activity during the application of IFC in asymptomatic participants by analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV). Seventy-three male volunteers were randomly assigned to a placebo group (n = 36, HRV was documented for 10 min, both at rest and during a placebo intervention) and an intervention group (n = 37, HRV was documented for 10 min in two conditions labelled as (1) rest and (2) application of IFC technique on the lumbar segment). The diameters of the Poincaré plot (SD1, SD2), stress score (SS), and the ratio between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (S/PS) were measured. After interventions, differences amongst the placebo group and the IFC group were found in SD2 (p &lt, 0.001), SS (p = 0.01) and S/PS ratio (p = 0.003). The IFC technique was associated with increased parasympathetic modulation, which could induce a vasovagal reaction. Monitorization of adverse reactions should be implemented during the application of IFC technique. HRV indicators might have a part in prevention of vasovagal reactions. Further studies in patients with lumbar pain are needed to explore possible differences in HRV responses due to the presence of chronic pain.

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition defined by certain structural and functional deficits in the ankle joint complex after acute ankle injury. These deficits include pathological joint laxity, impaired postural control, and decreased strength and neuromuscular control. Purpose: To compare an eyes-open versus an eyes-closed balance training protocol in professional soccer players with CAI. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: For this study, we evaluated 19 players from 2 professional soccer teams in Madrid, Spain, all of whom had CAI. Participants from both teams were randomly assigned to an eyes-open group (n = 9) or eyes-closed group (n = 10). All participants completed 4 weeks of a supervised exercise protocol consisting of 3 sessions per week. Members of both the eyes-open and eyes-closed groups performed the same exercise protocol in the same order of execution. At the end of the protocol, the participants were assessed for pain (visual analog scale), ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (weightbearing lunge test), dynamic stability (Star Excursion Balance Test), and fear of movement and reinjury (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia). We compared results both before and after balance training and between the eyes-open and eyes-closed balance training groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for all of the assessed variables before and after balance training. No statistically significant differences were found between the eyes-closed and eyes-open groups on any variable. Conclusion: In the current study, eyes-closed balance training was not more effective than eyes-open balance training for CAI in professional soccer players.

BACKGROUND: This study determined if the body mass index, dynamic plantar-pressures, plantar surface contact-area, velocity of the centre of pressure (COP), gastrocnemius equinus, and gastrocnemius soleus equines are related to calcaneal apophysitis (Sever's disease) in athletic children. METHODS: This case-control study examined 106 boys enrolled in a soccer academy, including 53 with Sever's disease and 53 age-matched healthy controls. The dynamic average and maximum peak plantar-pressures, plantar surface contact-area, and velocity of the COP were evaluated with a digital pressure sensor platform. Goniometry was used to measure the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and thereby identify gastrocnemius equinus and gastrocnemius soleus equinus. RESULTS: Participants with Sever's condition had significantly higher BMI and peak plantar-pressures (maximum and average) at the heel (Cohen's d > 3 for pressures) than the controls. Those with Sever's disease also had significantly slower velocity of the COP (Cohen's d > 3). Boys with Sever's disease were also 8 times more likely to have bilateral gastrocnemius equinus than disease controls. CONCLUSIONS: High heel plantar pressure and low velocity of COP are related to Sever's condition in boys, although it is not clear whether these factors predispose individuals to the disease or are consequences of the disease. Gastrocnemius ankle equinus could be a predisposing factor for Sever's condition. Sin financiación 1.983 JCR (2018) Q2, 56/125 Pediatrics 1.115 SJR (2018) Q1, 47/318 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health No data IDR 2018 UEM

Background Home blood pressure monitoring has many benefits, even more so, in populations prone to high blood pressure, such as persons with diabetes. Objective The purpose of this research was to validate the QardioArm mobile device in a sample of individuals with noninsulin-dependent type 2 diabetes in accordance with the guidelines of the second International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension. Methods The sample consisted of 33 patients with type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the validity of QardioArm by comparing its data with that obtained with a digital sphygmomanometer (Omron M3 Intellisense), two nurses collected diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate with both devices. Results The analysis indicated that the test device QardioArm met all the validation requirements using a sample population with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions This paper reports the first validation of QardioArm in a population of individuals with noninsulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. QardioArm for home monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate met the requirements of the second International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension.

San-Antolin, M, Rodriguez-Sanz, D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, R, Losa-Iglesias, ME, Martinez-Jimenez, EM, Lopez-Lopez, D, and Calvo-Lobo, C. Neuroticism traits and anxiety symptoms are exhibited in athletes with chronic gastrocnemius myofascial pain syndrome. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3377-3385, 2020-Common psychological factors, such as anxiety or neurotic personality traits, seem to be associated with pain suffered by athletes. Gastrocnemius muscles present a high prevalence for injury in athletes. These muscles are a region in which myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) frequently develops. Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). This study compared different personality and anxiety symptoms between athletes with and without active MTrPs in the gastrocnemius. A case-control study was conducted in an outpatient clinic. Athletes who performed moderate or vigorous physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were included. Fifty paired-matched athletes with and without active MTrPs in their gastrocnemius muscles (n = 25 in each group) were recruited. Different personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and sincerity) and anxiety (state and trait) were evaluated by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) with an effect size from moderate to large (d = 0.75-1.29) were found for greater neuroticism and sincerity traits in addition to state and trait anxiety in athletes with gastrocnemius MPS compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, athletes with gastrocnemius active MTrPs exhibited higher neuroticism and anxiety symptoms compared with healthy athletes. Mental health may play a key role in athletes with myofascial pain, and future studies should be performed to determine whether neuroticism-related and anxiety-related psychological care could be a key intervention in athletes with gastrocnemius active MTrPs to improve athletic performance and rehabilitation or prevent injuries.

[Resumen] Objetivos: Conocer cuál de los dos abordajes quirúrgicos presenta menos complicaciones y mejores resultados post-quirúrgicos según las escalas descritas, para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Haglund: endoscópico o abierto. Material y métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Bucea, Enfispo y Dialnet, desde enero del 2003 hasta 2018, en español y en inglés, bajo los términos siguientes: “Haglund’s deformity”, “treatment Haglund”, “Haglund síndrome”, “Diagnostic Haglund”, "Haglund surgery”, “Calcaneal osteotomy”, “Haglund”. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 artículos para la realización de este trabajo, de los cuales 13 eran estudios en los que se mostraba la comparación entre tratamiento quirúrgico abierto y endoscópico en sujetos con deformidad de Haglund. Se incluyeron 393 sujetos de los cuales se intervinieron 415 pies (161 por vía endoscópica y 187 mediante abordaje abierto). 58% de los sujetos tratados por endoscopia calificaron este tratamiento como excelente y las complicaciones reportadas, que fueron menores, sólo estuvieron presentes en 2 individuos, a diferencia de los tratados con cirugía abierta, donde 8 presentaron complicaciones menores y 5 complicaciones mayores. Conclusiones: El abordaje endoscópico tiene un porcentaje mayor de satisfacción según los resultados post-quirúrgicos obtenidos además de una menor tasa de complicaciones. [Abstract] Objectives: to know which of the two surgical approaches is more effective and presents fewer complications for the treatment of Haglund's disease: endoscopic or open. Material and methods: The Pubmed, Bucea, Enfispo and Dialnet databases were consulted from January 2003 to 2018, in Spanish and English, under the following terms: "Haglund's deformity", "Haglund treatment", "Haglund syndrome", "Diagnostic Haglund", Haglund surgery "," Calcaneal osteotomy"," Haglund ". Results: Thirty-three articles were included for the realization of this work, of which 13 were studies in which the comparison between open and endoscopic surgical treatment in subjects with Haglund deformity was shown. We included 393 subjects of whom 415 feet were operated (161through endoscopy and 187 through open access). 58% of the subjects treated by endoscopy rated this treatment as excellent and reported complications, which were minor, were only present in 2 individuals, unlike those treated with open surgery, where 8 presented minor complications and 5 major complications. Conclusions: The endoscopic approach have a higher percentage of satisfaction as well as a lower rate of complications.

Customized foot insoles (CFI) have been recognized to reduce the prevalence of foot disorders in sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four types of CFI on the activity patterns of the lower limb muscles (LLM) in healthy people during sport motorcycling. Methods: This was a cross-over trial (NCT03734133. Participants were recruited from an outpatient foot specialist clinic. Their mean age was 33 &plusmn, 5.14 years. While participants were sport motorcycling in a simulator, the electromyography (EMG) function was registered for LLM via surface electrodes. Participants completed separate tests while wearing one of four types of CFI: (1) only polypropylene (58&deg, Shore D), (2) selective aluminum (60 HB Brinell hardness) in metatarsal and first hallux areas and polypropylene elsewhere (58&deg, Shore D), (3) ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52&deg, Shore A), and (4) standard EVA (25&deg, Shore A) as the control. Results: The activity patterns of the LLM while sport motorcycling showed significantly lower peak amplitude for the selective aluminum CFI than the other types of CFI. Conclusion: EMG amplitude peaks for several LLM were smaller for the hardest CFI (selective aluminum 60 HB Brinell hardness) than the other CFIs (polypropylene 58&deg, Shore D, EVA 52&deg, Shore A, and standard EVA 25&deg, Shore A), except for the fibularis longus in right curves that is increased when the knee touches the road increasing the stability.

Background: Postural balance and fall efficacy (self-perceived confidence in performing daily physical activities) have been found to be risk factors associated with falls in older adults. Stretching is one intervention that has been investigated to improve balance and therefore reduce fall risk. Various forms of stretching have been evaluated with different outcomes, but there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of stretching (continuous and intermittent) on plantar pressures and balance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of stretching (continuous and intermittent) of the bilateral ankle plantar flexors on plantar pressures and static balance. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out. Forty-eight healthy subjects (42 females and 6 males) were recruited in an outpatient clinic. Subjects were randomly assigned to an intermittent stretching group (five sets of 1 min, 15 s of rest) or a continuous stretching group (2 min of continuous stretching) of the plantar flexors. Plantar pressures and balance using stabilometry were measured before and after stretching. Results: There were significant differences between intermittent and continuous stretching in rearfoot maximum pressure, forefoot surface area, and center of pressure surface area with eyes open. Conclusions: Bilateral intermittent stretching of the ankle plantar flexors was found to be more effective than continuous stretching for the reduction of rearfoot maximum pressure and improved balance.

Some studies suggest that gender is related to gait. Females show significantly higher ankle motion and vertical ground reaction forces. Males have significantly larger plantar contact surface areas in all regions of the foot than females in most, but not all, prior studies. However, there is no research on sex differences in a functional equinus condition. In this study, 119 individuals, including 59 females (29.7 &plusmn, 5.15 years, 58.74 &plusmn, 6.66 kg, 163.65 &plusmn, 5.58 cm) and 60 males (31.22 &plusmn, 6.06 years, 75.67 &plusmn, 9.81 kg, 177.10 &plusmn, 6.16 cm), with a functional equinus condition walked onto a pressure platform. In two separate testing sessions, five trials of each foot were conducted for the first, second, and third steps. We measured the contact surface areas for each of the three phases of the stance phase. We computed the intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of the mean to assess the reliability. We found significantly greater contact surface areas in males than females in the first, second, and third steps in all phases of the stance phase: heel strike, mid-stance, and take-off. This is important information for the design of footwear and orthotics and gender knowledge. In a functional equinus condition, males have registered greater contact surface areas than females in all phases of the dynamic footprint of the stance phase.

Background Hypertension is a global public health issue and is closely related to chronic kidney disorder (CKD). In people with CKD, strict monitoring of blood pressure is an important part of therapy. Objective The aim of this research was to validate the iHealth Track blood pressure monitoring device for patients with CKD according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol 2010 (ESH-IP2). Methods In total, 33 patients who received hemodialysis in Plasencia participated in the study. There were 9 successive measurements made, which conformed to the ESH-IP2. We calculated the differences between the standard reference device (Omron M3 Intellisense) and the test device (iHealth Track) for blood pressure and heart rate values. For 99 total comparisons of paired measurements, we classified differences into various categories (≤5 mmHg, ≤10 mmHg, and ≤15 mmHg for blood pressure; ≤3, ≤5, and ≤8 beats per minute for heart rate). Results In 90 of 99 systolic blood pressure and 89 of 99 diastolic blood pressure comparisons between the devices, measurement differences were within 5 mmHg. In 81 of 99 heart rate comparisons between the devices, measurement differences were within 3 beats per minute. The mean differences between the test and reference standard measurements were 3.27 (SD 2.99) mmHg for systolic blood pressure, 3.59 (SD 4.55) mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, and 2.18 (SD 2.75) beats per minute for heart rate. We also observed that for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 31 of 33 participants had at least two of three comparisons between the devices with measurement differences less than 5 mmHg. For heart rate, 28 of 33 patients had at least two of three comparisons between the devices with measurement differences less than 3 beats per minute. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that iHealth Track meets the requirements of the ESH-IP2 in patients with CKD. Therefore, the iHealth Track is suitable for use in renal patients.

The main objective of this research was to know how five different cushioning shoes may interfere in ground contact times of each gait phase of walking and running in contrast with barefoot condition. Thirty healthy sport recreational male runners participated in this study. They played over a treadmill wearing minimalist, Boost®, Ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA), Air® chamber and pronation-control cushioning shoes technologies and under barefoot condition, recording the last 30 s of walking and running at 5.17 km/h and 9 km/h respectively, while ground contact time duration of each phase of gait was recorded with circular standard pressure sensors located on plantar feet. During walking, the heel contact phase was the station that increased significantly ground contact times wearing all sole cushioning shoes (p < 0.001), excepting no sole shoes (minimalist), versus barefoot condition, being Air® chamber the model that showed the highest times of contact floor versus barefoot (0.28 ± 0.08 ms and 0.23 ± 0.12 ms vs 0.12 ± 0.07 ms and 0.18 ± 0.07 ms in heel contact during midstance phases, respectively). During running, propulsion phase was the station that showed the highest spent times on ground contact with the floor under all shoe conditions, even with minimalist, being again Air® chamber the model with higher significant times in two of three phases versus barefoot (0.11 ± 0.04 ms and 0.16 ± 0.11 ms vs 0.09 ± 0.03 ms and 0.10 ± 0.02 ms in midstance and propulsion phases respectively). Air chamber® was the model too with the most switch ratio to forefoot strike pattern (0.07 ± 0.10 ms to 0.16 ± 0.11 from heel contact to propulsion phase, respectively). In conclusion, a ground contact times increase using all cushioning running shoes compared with barefoot condition was shown in both walking and running test. Sin financiación 3.485 JCR (2018) Q1, 18/80 Engineering, Biomedical; Q2, 13/32 Materials Science, Biomaterials 1.037 SJR (2018) Q1, 51/367 Biomedical Engineering, 70/473 Mechanics of Materials; Q2, 23/108 Biomaterials No data IDR 2018 UEM

Background: Deep dry needling (DDN) and ischemic compression technic (ICT) may be considered as interventions used for the treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) in latent myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The immediate effectiveness of both DDN and ICT on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and skin temperature of the latent MTrPs of the triceps surae has not yet been determined, especially in athletes due to their treatment requirements during training and competition. Objective: To compare the immediate efficacy between DDN and ICT in the latent MTrPs of triathletes considering PPT and thermography measurements. Method: A total sample of 34 triathletes was divided into two groups: DDN and ICT. The triathletes only received a treatment session of DDN (n = 17) or ICT (n = 17). PPT and skin temperature of the selected latent MTrPs were assessed before and after treatment. Results: Statistically significant differences between both groups were shown after treatment, showing a PPT reduction (p &lt, 0.05) in the DDN group, while PPT values were maintained in the ICT group. There were not statistically significant differences (p &gt, 0.05) for thermographic values before and treatment for both interventions. Conclusions: Findings of this study suggested that ICT could be more advisable than DDN regarding latent MTrPs local mechanosensitivity immediately after treatment due to the requirements of training and competition in athletes&rsquo, population. Nevertheless, further studies comparing both interventions in the long term should be carried out in this specific population due to the possible influence of delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage on PPT and thermography values secondary to the high level of training and competition.