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Aim: To determine the reference values of strong ion difference (SID), effective SID (SIDe), unmeasured anions (UMA), tissue acids (TA), lactate and Chloride-Sodium (Cl-Na) ratio of umbilical cord blood, and to evaluate the impact of delivery mode on these parameters. Methods: This prospective study was performed on healthy term newborn infants that had normal progress throughout the first and second stages of labor during normal spontaneous delivery (NSD) and cesarean section (C/S). Immediately after birth, 1ml and 2 ml of umbilical venous cord blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and blood chemistry respectively. The Cl-Na ratio, anion gap (AG), albumin corrected AG (AGCorr), SID, SIDe, UMA and TA were calculated in NSD and C/S groups.. Results: A total of 181 healthy newborn infants were included the study. Fifty-one infants were delivered by NSD and 130 infants by C/S. The pH and PCO2 values were similar in both groups. The mode of delivery had a significant impact on the umbilical cord AG, AGCorr, SID, lactate, UMA, and TA levels. All these values were significantly higher in NSD than C/S group. Conclusion: Umbilical cord blood gas analysis is a common practice to evaluate fetal status at delivery. The calculation of blood gas parameters in perinatal problems according to Stewart’s method may lead further understanding how perinatal conditions of the mother influence the fetus and newborn infant.

Amac: Bu retrospektif calismanin amaci risk altindaki bebeklerde hipoglisemi insidansini belirlemek ve dogum sonrasi 48 saate kadar sonuclarini degerlendirmekti. Ayrica hipoglisemi olan ve olmayan bebeklerin demografik ozelliklerini karsilastirmayi amacladik. Yontemler: Hipoglisemi ICD kodu ile taranan yenidoganlar risk faktorleri acisindan degerlendirildi ve hastalar risk faktorlerine gore gruplandirildi. Risk altindaki tum bebekler dogum sonrasi 48 saate kadar tarandi. hipoglisemi, bebegin yasina bakilmaksizin kan sekeri konsantrasyonunun 47 mg / dl'nin altinda olmasi olarak tanimlandi. Bulgular: 823 bebekte hipoglisemi ICD kodu ile dogumdan 48 saat sonra kan sekeri konsantrasyonu olculdu. Bu bebeklerin 251'inde (% 30,4) hipoglisemi saptandi. 823 bebekten 215'i (% 26) hipoglisemi icin en az bir risk faktorune sahip oldugu icin tarandi. Bunlarin 149'unda (% 69,3) hipoglisemi saptandi. Diyabetik anne bebegi disinda risk altindaki tum bebeklerde hipoglisemi insidansi artmistir. Bununla birlikte, risk altindaki bebeklerin tamamina yakini ilk 24 saatte hipoglisemi gelistirmesine ragmen, 7'sinde (% 4,6) postnatal 24-48 saat icinde hipoglisemi tespit ettik. Hipoglisemik olan ve olmayan risk altindaki bebeklerin demografik ozelliklerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamli farkliliklar vardi. Tartisma: Hipoglisemi risk altindaki bebeklerde yaygindir. Erken ve zamaninda teshis ve tedavi olmadan, norolojik ve gelisimsel olumsuz sonuclara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, etkisini azaltmak icin risk altindaki bebeklerde kan sekeri duzeyinin surekli olarak izlenmesi gerekir.

Giriş Erken neonatal sepsis ve solunum sıkıntısı sendromu, erken doğan bebeklerde yaşamın ilk günlerinde neonatal mortaliteye yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, premature bebeklerde spot idrar albümin / kreatinin oranının erken neonatal sepsis ve solunum sıkıntısı sendromunun erken tanı göstergesi olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Yöntem 34. haftadan erken doğan 126 prematüre bebek prospektif olarak incelenmiştir.Bu çalışmada yaşamın birinci, üçüncü ve yedinci gününde serum albümin, kreatinin, C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve spot idrar albümin / kreatinin oranlarını değerlendirdik. Ayrıca bu parametrelerin, erken doğan bebeklerde yaşamın ilk günlerinde erken neonatal sepsis ve solunum sıkıntısı sendromu ile ilişkisini araştırdık. Bulgular Yaşamın ilk ve yedinci gününde spot idrar albümin / kreatinin oranı ile erken neonatal sepsis grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p = 0.01). Solunum sıkıntısı sendromu grubunda idrar albümin / kreatinin oranları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Serum albümin konsantrasyonları ve spot idrar albümin / kreatinin oranı yaşamın ilk günlerinde korelasyon göstermemiştir. Ayrıca yaşamın ilk günlerinde gebelik yaşı, doğum ağırlığı ile spot idrar albümin / kreatinin oranı arasında ilişki yoktu. Sonuçlar Bulgularımız, Çalışmamız doğum sonrası erken dönemde spot idrar albümin / kreatinin oranının prematüre bebeklerde erken neonatal sepsisi tanımlayabildiğini göstermektedir.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of breast milk and sucrose on pain scores and perfusion index (PI) and to evaluate the alteration in pain and PI during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examination.This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted with preterm infants who were born in our hospital, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit and whose gestational week was32 weeks and birth weight was1500 g. The preterm infants who would undergo ROP examination were allocated to three groups according to simple randomization method as follows: group 1: only local anesthetic eye drops, proparacaine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.5%, group 2: proparacaine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.5% plus breast milk, and group 3: proparacaine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.5% plus sucrose 24%. Postductal PI, transcutaneous oxygen saturation and heart rate (HR) values were measured before the eye examination (0), at the 30th, 60th, and 90th seconds (s) of the eye examination and 30 s after lasting of the examination in all infants. Pain was evaluated using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) during the examination.Fifty-one preterm neonates were prospectively enrolled into the study. The HR was higher during and after the examination in all infants according to before the examination (The present study indicates that alterations may be seen in PI during the ROP examination; in other words, peripheral tissue perfusion could be affected. We consider that eye examination is a very painful procedure, and administering breast milk, sucrose or local anesthetic is not sufficient for reducing pain.

Yenidoğan döneminde birleşik heterozigot Niemann-Pick Type C hastalığıNiemann-Pick Tip C hastalığı (NPC), esterifiye olmamış kolesterollerin lizozomlarda depolanması ile karekterize nörodejeneratif bir lizozomal depo hastalığıdır. Otozomal resesif kalıtılan bu hastalıktan NPC1 or NPC2 genleri sorumludur (1). Burada, kardeşi yenidoğan döneminde Niemann-Pick Tip C hastalığı tanısı alan ve NPC1 genetik analizi sonucunda birleşik heterozigot Niemann-Pick Tip C hastalığı saptanan yenidoğan olgusu sunuldu., Niemann-Pick Tip C hastalığı (NPC), esterifiye olmamış kolesterollerin lizozomlarda depolanması ile karekterize nörodejeneratif bir lizozomal depo hastalığıdır. Otozomal resesif kalıtılan bu hastalıktan NPC1 or NPC2 genleri sorumludur (1). Burada, kardeşi yenidoğan döneminde Niemann-Pick Tip C hastalığı tanısı alan ve NPC1 genetik analizi sonucunda birleşik heterozigot Niemann-Pick Tip C hastalığı saptanan yenidoğan olgusu sunuldu.

This study aimed to compare the integrity of the efferent auditory pathways of newborns that had high hyperbilirubinemia levels and required treatment due to these and healthy newborns.Term-born (37 weeks or later) infants that were brought to the Newborn Polyclinic of the Başkent University Hospital were included in the study. The study included a total of 84 infants including healthy newborns (n = 42) and those that had jaundice and were receiving phototherapy (n = 42). After conducting a general otorhinolaryngology examination on all newborns included in the study, Transient Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) test was carried out in the absence and presence of contralateral noise. The obtained contralateral suppression values were compared between the two groups.In the TEOAE test, the responses obtained at 1 kHz in the newborns receiving phototherapy were found to be lower. The difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.038). The rates of suppression presence at 2 kHz, 2.8 kHz and total OAE were found significantly higher (p 0.05) in the group not receiving phototherapy. Among the phototherapy-receiving infants, the hyperbilirubinemia levels of the infants in whom suppression was obtained in the contralateral suppression test did not show a statistically significant difference in comparison to those in whom suppression was not obtained (p 0.05).Based on the obtained data, hyperbilirubinemia may have a disruptive effect on the efferent auditory system in newborns. Consequently, we are of the opinion that, in addition to hearing screening in risky newborn infants, a MOC suppression test would be useful.

WOS: 000460493000010, PubMed: 30660088, …, Turkish Neonatology Society, This research was supported by Turkish Neonatology Society (grant).

WOS:000366239700006 PubMed: 26742308 OBJECTIVE: To identify how acupressure on the acupoint Yintang (EX-HN 3) impacts oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and peripheral perfusion in term-born infants without underlying disease. METHODS: Infants born between weeks 37 and 42 of gestation were included in this study. The polyclinic's neonatology room was noise-controlled and made half-dark to prevent the perfusion index from being confounded. A pulse oximeter was linked to the baby's left lower extremity. Acupressure was applied on Yintang (EX-HN 3) for 30 s clockwise, held for 30 s, and then acupressure was applied for another 30 s counterclockwise. The baby's SaO(2), pulse rate, and perfusion index were recorded for each minute before and after acupressure. RESULTS: When pre- and post-acupressure pulse rate values were compared, a significant decrease in pulse rate values after acupressure application was observed. When pre- and post-acupressure oxygen saturation values were compared, a significant increase in post-acupressure oxygen saturation was observed. In addition, peripheral perfusion increased significantly after acupressure. CONCLUSION: Acupressure application has been used in traditional medicine for many years. However, it is not yet widely used in modern medicine. This study shows the impact of acupressure on neonatal skin perfusion, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate. (C) 2015 JTCM. All rights reserved.

Context Acupressure is an ancient Chinese healing art. In this pain-relieving method, the fingers are used to press key acupuncture points on the skin surface that stimulates the body׳s regulatory processes. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acupressure at Kun Lun (UB60) and Taixi (K3) points for pain management in preterm infants prior to heel lancing for blood collection. Design This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. Setting The study setting was the neonatal intensive care unit at Baskent University Hospital in Turkey. Patients A total of 32 preterm infants between 28 and 36 weeks׳ gestational age were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an acupressure group ( n = 16) or a control group ( n = 16). Intervention In the acupressure group, immediately before the heel prick, acupressure was applied for three minutes at UB60 and K3 points. Main Outcome Measures A behavioral pain score was determined using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scale. Results There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to gestational age, birth weight, sex, mode of delivery, age at time of procedure, weight at time of procedure, or PIPP score. Mean duration of procedure and mean duration of crying were both shorter in the acupressure group (both P = .001). Conclusions Applying acupressure at the BL60 and K3 points before heel lancing was associated with shorter procedural time and shorter duration of crying in preterm infants.

Turan O, Anuk-Ince D, Olcay L, Sezer T, Gulleroglu K, Yilmaz-Celik Z, Ecevit A. Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: Two cases, two different gene polymorphisms and risk factors. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 71-75. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare disease in the neonatal period and also the greatest risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In this report, we presented two cases with CSVT and different risk factors. One of these cases had methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T homozygous polymorphism and the other case had both MTHFR A1298C homozygous polymorphism, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/ 5G polymorphism and elevated lipoprotein a. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy of neonatal CSVT may prevent neonatal mortality and poor long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Iktiyozlar klinik ve etiyolojik olarak hererojen derinin bir grup kalitsal keratinizasyon bozuklugudur. Yaygin cilt kurulugu, ciltte soyulma ve pullanma, bazen eritrodermi ve histopatolojik olarak hiperkeratoz ile karakterizedir. Iktiyozis vulgaris ve X’e bagli iktiyoz, iktiyozun en yaygin gorulen tipleridir. Konjenital iktiyozlar daha seyrek gorulur. Lameller iktiyoz, konjenital iktiyoziform eritrodermi ve harlequin iktiyozu konjenital iktiyozlar arasinda yer alir. Lamellar iktiyoz genelikle dogumda mevcuttur ya da kisa bir sure sonra baslar. Bebekler tum vucudu kaplayan parsomen kagidi benzeri yapisi olan seffaf bir membranla (kollodion zar) dogarlar. Dehidratasyon, sepsis, elektrolit dengesizligi ve pnomoni gibi komplikasyonlarin onlenmesi sag kalim acisindan buyuk onem tasir. Tedavideki temel amac sivi kaybinin onlenmesi, derinin nemlendirilmesi ve stratum korneumun yumusakliginin saglanmasidir. Sundugumuz olgumuzda klinik ozellikleri ile lameller iktiyoz tanisi konulan cok dusuk dogum agirlikli premature bebek sadece topikal ajanlarla basari ile tedavi edilmistir. Bu vaka nedeni ile konjenital iktiyozlu premature bebeklerin yenidogan yogum bakim unitesindeki bakimi gozden gecirilmistir.

Subkutan yag nekrozu nadir gorulen, eritematoz nodul ve plaklarla seyreden adipoz dokunun inflamatuvar bir hastaligidir. Subkutan yag nekrozu siklikla zamaninda ve zamanindan sonra dogmus bebeklerde yasamin ilk haftalarinda gorulmektedir. Hipoksik dogum ve mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu nedeni ile postnatal 15. saatinde hastanemize gonderilen erkek bebekte ilk basvuruda hipokalsemi, hipoglisemi ve trombositopeni mevcuttu. Dort gunlukken sirtta ve kollarda subkutan yag nekrozu ile uyumlu lezyonlari gelisti, hastada gorulen hipoglisemi, hipokalsemi ve trombositopeninin hipoksi ile iliskili oldugu dusunuldu. Subkutan yag nekrozu genellikle kendiliginden iyilesen bir durum olmasina ragmen, komplikasyonlari acisindan yakin izlemi onemlidir.

Aim Despite extensive research, there is still controversy regarding the time at which sucking and swallowing functions mature in preterm infants. This study aimed to evaluate maturation using the noninvasive method of swallowing sound. Methods We compared 52 preterm infants of between 27 and 36 weeks' gestational age with a control group of 42 healthy full-term infants. Feeding performance was based on swallowing data collected during two-minute audio recordings. The following variables were generated for each evaluation: total number of swallows, total number of rhythmic swallows, total number of resting intervals, average time between resting intervals, average time between swallows, average time between rhythmic swallows, maximum number of rhythmic swallows and volume of milk ingested. The dependency of the variables on postmenstrual age was also investigated. Results The volume of milk ingested by the preterm infants and the maximum number of rhythmic swallows were positively correlated with postmenstrual age (PMA). The preterm infants reached the 10th percentile of the control infants at 34–35 weeks' PMA and were not significantly different from the control infants at 38–40 weeks' PMA. Conclusion Swallowing sound can be used to assess feeding maturation in preterm infants during neonatal intensive care unit follow-up.

Background:This study aimed to examine the differences between arterial and inferior caval vein oxygen saturation, fractional oxygen extraction, and the shunt index, which were calculated in the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus.Methods:Twenty-seven preterm infants were included in this study and were divided into two groups according to patent ductus arteriosus. Among them, 11 (41%) infants had haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and 16 (59%) did not have significant patent ductus arteriosus. Synchronous arterial and venous blood gases were measured during the first post-natal hours after the insertion of umbilical catheters. The differences between arterial and inferior caval vein oxygen saturation, inferior body fractional oxygen extraction, and the shunt index were calculated. Echocardiography was performed before the 72nd hour of life in a selected group of patients who had haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. Ibuprofen treatment was administered to patients with patent ductus arteriosus. Echocardiography was performed on the 72nd hour of life in preterm infants without any clinical suspicion of patent ductus arteriosus.Results:The early measured differences between arterial and inferior caval vein oxygen saturation and inferior body fractional oxygen extraction were found to be lower and the shunt index was found to be higher in the haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus group than in the group without haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus.Conclusion:We found that the shunt index, calculated in the first hours of life as ≥63%, predicted haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 82% in preterm newborns.

Sum mary Pur po se: To compare the incidence of type retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in patients small for gestational age (SGA) and in patients appropriate for gestational age (AGA) in a developing country. Ma te ri al and Met hod: We included in this study infants (n=162) with gestational age (GA) ≤34 weeks who were screened for ROP in a neonatal intensive care unit between June 2007 and December 2011 and were followed up until the retina was completely vascularized or ROP was regressed. Type 1 ROP was defined according to the ETROP study. To describe the incidence of type 1 ROP, data were analyzed in two main groups: (A) SGA-group and (B) AGA-group. SGA was defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. GA in weeks, birth weight (BW) in grams (g), ROP at any stage, type 1 ROP, and post menstrual age (PMA) at type 1 ROP were evaluated for the two groups. Retrospective review of records was performed. Re sults: BW (in mean±SD) was 832.45±131.74 g in group A and 962.97±351.47 g in group B; GA (in mean±SD) was 29.27±2.4 weeks in group A and 27.36±2.8 weeks in group B, with significant difference between the groups (p=0.001 vs. p

Aim: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a lung failure that starts after birth. Because of deficiency of surfactants in alveoli, this becomes one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. In this study, we tried to compare the outcomes of two types of natural surfactant, derived from same animal and aimed to manage the anxiety of clinicians while they are choosing the most appropriate preparate for RDS treatment.Material and Methods: Newborns hospitalized in Baskent University Ankara Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2017 and August 2018 and administrated with calfactant and beractant for RDS treatment were retrospectively examined.Results: A total of 57 neonates were enrolled into the study. It was indicated that 38 (66.7%) of neonates were administered beractant and 19 (33.3%) were administered calfactant. We did not find any significant difference between beractant and calfactant groups, according to their genders, gestational weeks, their intubation situations, the duration of the oxygen requirement, antibiotic usages and the durations of mechanical ventilation. It was determined that calfactant-administered neonates needed statistically more repeat dose, than those in the beractant group (p= 0.029). Conclusions: We examined two natural surfactant preparates derived from same animal. Calfactant which has some conflicting reports was newly introduced to our unit for RDS treatment. This study aimed to identify the most appropriate treatment modality for RDS. It would be more instructive to plan larger and more creative studies to examine possible differences among natural surfactant preparates.

WOS: 000361632500007, PubMed ID: 25792430, To date, no study has evaluated changes in oral labial angle as preterm infants mature. The main purpose of this study was to document goniometer measurements of the labial angle of the mouth in preterm infants, to assess changes with development, to compare to findings in healthy term infants, and also evaluate oral motor reflexes in these groups. Seventy-eight preterm infants and 45 healthy term infants were recruited for the prospective study. Labial angle was assessed via goniometer, and oral motor reflexes and the volume of milk ingested were evaluated. There was significant difference between term and preterm infants' labial angles (P < .01). The distribution of preterm infants' angles were similar to term infants' by 36 to 40 weeks' postmenstrual age. Goniometer measurements of the oral labial angle may reveal oral motor performance in preterm infants and may be relevant for feeding skills assessment in this group of infants.

Background Oral administration of probiotics in newborn preterm infants has been shown to be helpful, especially ın reducıng the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and overall mortality rates.Objective To evaluate the effect of probıotıc supplementation on ıntestınal colonization by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in preterm infants receiving antibiotics in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods The prospective, randomized trial was performed ın preterm infants who were hospitalized in the NICU at Baskent University Ankara Hospital between January 2011 and February 2012. A total of 51 infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (n=27) received probiotic therapy and Group 2 (n=24) did not receive probiotics. The probiotic used was Lactobacillus reuteri (Biogaia® AB, Sweden). Subjects underwent weekly nasal swab and stool cultures for a maxımum of 6 weeks, and at the tıme of dıscharge ıf thıs was prıor to 6 weeks. All posıtıve cultures were further tested for culture-specıfıc ıdentıfıcatıon and antıbıotıc suceptibility.Results A total of 607 cultures were evaluated. Posıtıve cultures were found ın 37.9% from Group 1 and 35.2% from Group 2. Intestınal colonızatıon by antıbıotıc-resıstant bacterıa dıd not sıgnıfıcantly dıffer between groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Oral supplementation with probiotics do not prevent the intestınal colonization of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in preterm NICU patıents who receıved antıbıotıc treatment.

Objectives: Diabetes is a disease that effects fetal development during pregnancy and leads metabolic disorders in newborns. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the problems of infants of diabetic mothers and to determine risk factors of mothers during pregnancy. Material and Methods: The morbidity rates of 31 infants of diabetic mothers who were born and followed in neonatal intensive unit between January 2013 and December 2013 at Gaziosmanpasa University and demographic properties of mothers were retrospectively evaluated. Results: A total of 31 infants were included. The incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was %22,6 and the incidence of gestational diabetes was 77,4%. Mothers’ mean age was 32,6±7,9 years and HbA1c level was 5,4±1 (4,2-10,2). The mean gestational age of infants was 37,5±1,5 weeks and the mean birth weight of infants was 3322,5± 695,8 g. Macrosomia was present in 32.2% of infants. Hypoglycemia was present in 9,7% of infants, hypocalcemia was seen 3.2%, polycytemia was seen 6.5%, anemia was seen 6.5%, thrombocytopenia was seen 9.2%, hyperbilirubinemia was seen 41.9%, respiratory distress syndrome was seen 12.9%, congenital anomaly was seen 3.7% of all infants. There was no correlation between HbA1c levels of mothers and hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, anemia and respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Many complications may be prevented with appropriate management, obstetric care and neonatal management in infants of diabetic mother. It is possible to reduce morbidities with the identification of gestational diabetes and metabolic control of hyperglycemia, the determination of risk factors, the close contact between the diabetic mother and her infant in the first hours of delivery and the close follow-up of infants of diabetic mothers with rooming-in who do not need neonatal intensive care unit care., Amaç: Diyabet gebelikte fetal gelişimi etkileyen ve yenidoğanlarda metabolik bozukluklara yol açan bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda diyabetik anne bebeklerinin yenidoğan sorunlarının annelerinin gebelik takipleri ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmada Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde Ocak 2013- Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında doğan ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen 31 diyabetik anne bebeğinin morbidite oranları ve annelere ait demografik özellikleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.BulgularÇalışmaya 31 diyabetik anne bebeği alındı. Annelerden 7’si (%22,6) insuline bağımlı diyabet ve 24’ü (%77,4) gestasyonel diyabet tanısı ile takip edilmekte idi. Annelerin ortalama yaşı 32,6±7,9 yıl, ortalama glikolize hemoglobin (HbA1c) değerleri % 5,4±1 (4,2-10,2) saptandı. Bebeklerin ortalama gebelik haftaları 37,5±1,5 hafta, ortalama doğum ağırlığı 3322,5± 695,8 gr. idi, makrozomi sıklığı %32,2 idi. Bebeklerde hipoglisemi %9,7, hipokalsemi %3,2, polistemi %6,5, anemi %19,4, trombositopeni %9,7, hiperbilirubinemi % 41,9, respiratuar distres sendromu %12,9, doğuştan anomali %3,7 oranında bulundu. Annenin HbA1c düzeyi ile hipoglisemi, hipokalsemi, polistemi, anemi, respiratuar distres sendromu arasında ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05).SonuçDiyabetik anne bebeklerinde uygun medikal yaklaşım, obstetrik bakım ve neonatal yaklaşım ile görülebilecek çoğu komplikasyonun önlenmesi mümkündür. Gestasyonel diyabetin tanımlanması, hipergliseminin kontrol altına alınması ile konjenitalanomaliler ve perinatal ölümler azaltılabilir.Anahtar kelimeler: diyabetik anne bebeği, komplikasyon anomaliler ve perinatal ölümler azaltılabilir.

Aim: ABO incompatibility is a common condition occurring in about 15-25% of all maternal/fetal pairs. The features of ABO incompatibility range from asymptomatic through to severe hemolysis with hyperbilirubinemia and anemia. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical course of ABO incompatibility and to evaluate the effect of blood groups on the severity of neonatal jaundice. Material and Methods: Neonates with ABO hemolytic disease of newborn were retrospectively studied. Risk factors for the severity of jaundice were recorded. Demographic, clinic, and laboratory features were compared in infants with blood groups A and B. Results: Within 13 months, 165 term infants with neonatal jaundice were treated. 32 (19.4%) of these patients had jaundice due to maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility. The O-A group included 23 infants (71.9%) while the O-B group included for 9 infants (28.1%). All the infants received phototherapy while none of the cases required exchange transfusion. Mean total bilirubin level was 15.6p4.5 mg/dl on the 2.9p2.1 days of mean age after the initiation of treatment. There were no differences between the infants with blood group A or B in terms of demographics, initial bilirubin level, anemia in first 24 hours, the rate of hemolysis, and direct Coombs test. Conclusion: ABO incompatibility may have risks of significant hyperbilirubinemia and hemolysis in infants. Neonatal jaundice due to ABO incompatibility can be successfully managed with early admission of intensive phototherapy through close follow-ups. Blood type has no effect on the severity of jaundice. Key words: Neonate; Jaundice; ABO Incompatibility; Blood Group; Phototherapy.

Purpose To evaluate the safety of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and their complications in critically ill premature neonates. Methods A retrospective collection of data of infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) who underwent PICC placement over a 2-year period. Gestational age, birth weight (BW), sex, site of catheter placement, reason for catheter removal, duration of the catheter use, proven sepsis, type of the reported organism and the rate of complications were collected. The infants were classified into two groups according to BWs: Group 1–-VLBW infants (BW between 1,000 and 1,500 g) and Group 2–-BW Results During the study period, 90 VLBW infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. PICCs were attempted in 71 patients. A PICC was successfully inserted into 62 patients (87.3%). Totally, 68 PICCs were inserted into 62 infants. PICCs placed in either the upper or the lower extremity have no differences in complication rates. The median time of catheter insertion was 10 (1-22) days for Group 1 and 16 (1-47) days for Group 2 (p=0.001). The median duration of PICCs was 9 (2-18) and 12.0 (3-30) days, respectively (p=0.012). There were no significant differences between groups for the reasons for removal (p=0.859). Conclusions PICCs are convenient for the administration of long course antibiotics and parenteral nutrition for both VLBW and ELBW infants. The risk of catheter complications did not increase in ELBW infants. Although the technique of insertion is easy and using PICCs has many benefits, serious and fatal complications may occur in premature neonates in critical states.

more common (p 4500 g was higher than the non-IDMs (p 4500 g (n=40), caesarean delivery (p=0.012), hypoglycemia (p=0.003) and polycythemia (p