Author: "A. Sangeetha" / Topic: medicine.medical_specialty - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

1,157 results on '"A. Sangeetha"'

1. Peri-hilar branching pattern and variations of the renal artery among Indian kidney donors using pre-operative computed tomography angiography: an anatomical study and review

Author: K Senthil Kumar, M Kumaresan, Jayakumar Saikarthik, P Roselin, Ilango Saraswathi, and A Sangeetha
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Computed Tomography Angiography, Peri, Kidney, urologic and male genital diseases, Branching (linguistics), Renal Artery, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Right Renal Artery, Renal artery, Computed tomography angiography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Angiography, Kidney Transplantation, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Radiology, Anatomy, business, Artery
Abstract: Background: The peri-hilar branching pattern of renal arteries and variations such as accessory renal artery and early branching of the renal artery are important factors to be evaluated preoperatively to minimize potential complications during renal transplantation and renal surgeries. The present was done to study the perihilar branching pattern of the renal artery and variations of the renal artery in kidney donors. Materials and methods: 198 kidneys from 99 donors were analyzed using pre-operative CT renal angiograms prospectively, over 1 year 2 months. Results : Based on the branching pattern of primary and secondary branches of renal arteries, we identified 8 cardinal and 10 minor peri-hilar branching patterns. Type I (duplicated fork) peri- hilar branching pattern was the most found (70.2%) among 198 kidneys, followed by type II (triplicated fork) (19.2%) and type III (ladder) (10.6%). Duplicated fork pattern was common in both the right renal artery (75.7%) and left renal artery (64.6%) respectively. The prevalence of accessory renal artery was 39.4% with hilar artery at 21.2% and polar artery at 18.2%, and the prevalence of early division of renal artery was 20.2%. No statistical significance was associated between gender and laterality in the prevalence of both early division and accessory renal arteries (P > 0.05). Early division of renal artery was more frequent in females (28%) whilst accessory renal arteries were more common in males (40.7%). Conclusions: The present study showed a consistent peri-hilar branching pattern with high individual variability among Indian renal donors. The knowledge about the peri-hilar branching pattern as well as renal artery variations conferred by this study would greatly compliment urological surgeons during renal transplant surgeries.
Published: 2022
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2. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a healthy young population: Family matters

Author: Surinderpal Singh, Seema Patrikar, Sangeetha Sampath, Nilansh Kataria, and Arihant Panda
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Population, Diastole, General Medicine, Disease, Anthropometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Heart rate, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Family history, education, business
Abstract: India faces an epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study sought the effect of family history of CVD and/or its risk factors (CVD-risk) on the presence of risk factors for CVD, in a healthy young college population.Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), anthropometric variables, fasting blood sugar and lipid fractions were measured in two hundred healthy individuals (163 men and 37 women), aged 17-22 years. Data were analysed to elicit effect of CVD-risk on measured parameters.All but one subject, had family history of a CVD-risk. Men with family history of coronary heart disease had higher diastolic BP (79.24 ± 7.7 vs 75.99 ± 7.49 mmHg, p = 0.007) and triglycerides (118.66 ± 57.98 vs 85.82 ± 50.89 mg/dL, p 0.0001) compared with those without similar family history. Men with family history of hypertension (HTN) had higher diastolic BP (78.75 ± 7.15 vs 75.84 ± 8.37 mmHg, p = 0.019) and low-density lipoprotein (86.24 ± 25.38 vs 78.21 ± 17.93 mg/dL, p = 0.019), as well as lower high-density lipoprotein (50.27 ± 8.4 vs 53.96 ± 10.38 mg/dL, p = 0.019). Women with family history of diabetes mellitus had lower high-density lipoproteins (49.89 ± 8.05 vs 59.53 ± 11.44, p = 0.006). Family history of dyslipidaemia was associated with significantly higher triglycerides (146.14 ± 46.19 vs 98.44 ± 56.19 mg/dL, p = 0.002) in men and in subjects across sex. HDL was contrarily higher, in women with family history of cerebrovascular accident/HTN and men with family history of coronary heart disease/HTN. The proportion of pre-HTN, overweight/obese, impaired fasting glucose and borderline high triglycerides was 88.3%, 36.8%, 11% and 38.7% in men and 64.9%, 37.8%, 18.9% and 48.7% in female subjects.Young adults with a family history of CVD-risk already have an incomplete/atypical CVD risk profile.
Published: 2022
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3. Juvenile dermatomyositis: a case of delayed recognition with unusual complication of nephrocalcinosis

Author: Saktipriya Mouttou Prebagarane, Geminiganesan Sangeetha, Mahesh Janarthanan, and Divya Dhanabal
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Proximal muscle weakness, Case Report, Dermatomyositis, Calcinosis cutis, Inflammatory myopathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Myositis, Juvenile dermatomyositis, Skin, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Muscle biopsy, Muscle Weakness, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Nephrocalcinosis, business
Abstract: Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy in children and is characterised by the presence of proximal muscle weakness, heliotrope dermatitis, Gottron’s papules and occasionally auto antibodies. The disease primarily affects skin and muscles, but can also affect other organs. Renal manifestations though common in autoimmune conditions like lupus are rare in JDM. We describe a child whose presenting complaint was extensive calcinosis cutis. Subtle features of proximal muscle weakness were detected on examination. MRI of thighs and a muscle biopsy confirmed myositis. Nephrocalcinosis was found during routine ultrasound screening. We report the first case of a child presenting with rare association of dermatomyositis, calcinosis cutis and bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis.
Published: 2023

4. Alkaptonuria in an adolescent boy

Author: Jaippreetha Jayaraj, Senthil Chandran, Geminiganesan Sangeetha, and Swathi Ganesan
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Case Report, Ascorbic Acid, 030105 genetics & heredity, Alkaptonuria, Antioxidants, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Recessive inheritance, Spinal osteoarthropathy, medicine, Humans, Homogentisic acid, Tyrosine Metabolism, Ochronosis, business.industry, Genetic disorder, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Early Diagnosis, chemistry, Disease Progression, Abnormality, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sclera
Abstract: Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder resulting in abnormality of tyrosine metabolism. It is one of the Garrod’s tetrad of ‘inborn errors of metabolism’ proposed to have Mendelian recessive inheritance. The disorder is characterised by deposition of homogentisic acid leading to ochronosis and ochronotic osteoarthropathy; however, blackish discoloration of urine is the only childhood manifestation. Other manifestations present only after third decade. A 13-year-old boy presented to paediatric nephrology clinic with blackish discolouration of urine since infancy. Examination revealed bluish black discolouration of bilateral sclera and ear cartilage; however, he had no symptoms of ochronotic osteoarthropathy. Genetic test pointed towards alkaptonuria. Currently, he is on regular follow-up and is being treated with vitamin C to delay the progression of the disease. Early diagnosis with appropriate intervention delays the onset of complications and preserves the quality of life of the patient.
Published: 2023

5. wareness About Covid-19 and Post Covid Complications Among Dental Practitioners in Bangalore - An Interventional Questionnaire Study

Author: Vathsala Naik, Amandeep Sodhi, Sangeetha, Gaurav, Aghina Pradeep, and Bhagya Balakrishnan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Family medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, business, General Environmental Science, Questionnaire study
Published: 2021
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6. 'Fibromyalgia'- Diagnostic Concepts Rejuvenated: A Review

Author: Vathsala Naik, Sangeetha, Amandeep, Gaurav, Aghina Pradeep, and Bhagya Balakrishnan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Fibromyalgia, medicine, Physical therapy, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, medicine.disease, business, General Environmental Science
Published: 2021
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7. Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Conditioned Media and m-EGF for Regeneration of Liver Tissue After Partial Hepatectomy in Wistar Rats

Author: Dinesh Murali, Shivaraju Shivaramu, Naveen Kumar, Sowbarenya Chelladurai, Surendra Dunthuru Siddaraju, Sangeetha Palakkara, Ramith Kallahalli Rajanna, K. Elangovan, Bindhuja Belluti Venkateshappa, Jürgen Hescheler, Swapan Kumar Maiti, and Divya Mohan
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Physiology, QD415-436, Biochemistry, medicine, Animals, Hepatectomy, QP1-981, Rats, Wistar, Liver injury, Chemistry, Regeneration (biology), Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, medicine.disease, Liver regeneration, Liver Regeneration, Rats, Liver, Liver Lobe, Culture Media, Conditioned, Alkaline phosphatase, Female, Stem cell
Abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver is considered as the vital organ in the body as it performs various essential functions. Following an injury to the liver, the repair process even though initially beneficial becomes pathogenic when it is not controlled appropriately. Extensive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components can ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Thus, the ideal strategy to treat a liver injury is to generate new hepatocytes replacing damaged cells without causing excessive ECM deposition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mesenchymal stem cells, conditioned media and murine epidermal growth factor (m-EGF) in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy in a rat model. METHODS: The animals were anaesthetized and a midline laparotomy was done. The liver was exposed and the left lateral and median lobes were ligated and resected out (about 65-70% of total liver mass). The muscles and skin were sutured in routine fashion and thus the rat model of partial hepatectomy was prepared. The animal models were equally distributed into 4 different groups namely A, B, C and D and treated with PBS, conditioned media, mesenchymal stem cells and epidermal growth factor respectively. The liver regeneration was assessed based on clinical, haemato-biochemical, colour imaging, histopathological and immune-histochemical parameters. RESULTS: Partial hepatectomy model with surgical removal of 65-70% liver lobe was standardized and successfully used in this study. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, transaminases were significantly higher (P
Published: 2021
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8. Histopathological study of cervical lesions in a tertiary health care centre in south India

Author: S Waheeda, N Sangeetha, and K Sathiyamurthy
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Health care centre, Clinical pathology, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Malignancy, medicine.disease, Surgical pathology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, Histopathology, Radiology, business, Pathological, Cervix
Abstract: Introduction: Cervix is vulnerable to many pathological changes ranging from inflammation to malignancy. Uterine cervix is gateway to several non-neoplastic and neoplastic gynaecological lesions.. Histopathological studies of cervix along with clinical correlation helps in early diagnosis of lesions as they have advantages of being relatively cheap and technically easy. To study the histopathological features of cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done in the department of Pathology at Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem for duration of 05 years i.e., from April 2016 to March 2021in 550 cervical samples. Results: Non neoplastic (92.1%) lesions of cervix were more commonly reported in our study and neoplastic lesions were about 7.8%. Conclusion: Histopathology study of cervical biopsy lesions is a valuable diagnostic procedure. Early detection of cervical lesions may provide an opportunity for appropriate interventions to prevent further complications such as progression from benign to malignant conditions. Adequate screening procedure with follow up cervical biopsies helps in early diagnosis and management of premalignant and malignant lesions. Keywords: Cervical biopsy, Cervical carcinoma.
Published: 2021
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9. Gene polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease

Author: Sangeetha Rajaram, Sangeetha Ramanathan, Sindhu Varghese, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj, Langeswaran Kulanthaivel, and Lakshmi Alagarsamy
Subjects: Coronary artery disease, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Gene polymorphism, business, medicine.disease
Published: 2022
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10. A Review on Short Term effects of Radiotherapyon Memory in Patients with Tumor

Author: Sangeetha Joji and Khansa Fathima
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, In patient, business, Term (time)
Abstract: The objective of the review is to evaluate the short-term effects of radiotherapy on memory performance in patients with tumors. This article presents a neuropsychological account of the memory ability after radiation therapy. By drawing attention to memory loss of cancer patients after radiation, we hope to illustrate and emphasize the importance of neuropsychological sequelae when evaluating the short-term outcome of radiotherapy for cancer patients
Published: 2021
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11. A study on catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens causing CAUTI from a tertiary care hospital

Author: Archana Rao K, Sangeetha S, Vishwajith, and Ritika Sahkare
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Urinary system, Antibiotic sensitivity, Antibiotics, Urine, Intensive care unit, law.invention, Catheter, law, Emergency medicine, medicine, Etiology, Infection control, business
Abstract: Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), remains the commonest hospital-acquired infection (HAI). This emphasizes the need to implement and monitor effective infection control programs to reduce the risk of CAUTI. Objectives: Aim of the present study was to determine the etiology with antibiotic susceptibility and also to calculate CAUTI rate. Materials and Methods: The Patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital who were on urinary catheter insertion for >48 hours from 1 August, 2019 to 30 September, 2019 were included in the study. Under aseptic conditions urine samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of CAUTI, the samples were processed in the department of Microbiology, as per standard protocols. Uropathogens were isolated, identified and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. CAUTI rate was calculated and results were noted. Results: Among 460 patients on catheter in ICU, 28(6%) patients developed clinical signs or symptoms of UTI. Of 28 urine samples cultured, 4(14%) yielded growth of single organis [Escherichia coli (3), Klebsiella (1)] and 24(86%) showed no evidence of growth. 2300 catheter days were obtained of 460 patients on indwelling catheter in ICU. Thus CAUTI rate was 1.74 per 1000 catheter days over a 2 month period. Discussion and Conclusion: CAUTI remained a great burden to patient safety and a challenge to the infection control team. Implementation of proper care bundles and continuous education to health care workers plays a key role in reducing the CAUTI rates, thereby decreasing the morbidity and hospital stay to the patients. Keywords: CAUTI, Devise associated, Hospital acquired, UTI, CAUTI rate.
Published: 2021
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12. Prognostic impact of conventional cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia treated with venetoclax and decitabine

Author: Marina Konopleva, Koichi Takahashi, Nicholas J. Short, Courtney D. DiNardo, Caitlin R. Rausch, Sanam Loghavi, Sangeetha Venugopal, Naval Daver, Yesid Alvarado, Musa Yilmaz, Maro Ohanian, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Abhishek Maiti, Jing Ning, Wei Qiao, Tapan M. Kadia, Farhad Ravandi, and Koji Sasaki
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Conventional cytogenetics, Decitabine, Pathogenesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Sulfonamides, Venetoclax, business.industry, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Prognosis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, chemistry, Cytogenetic Analysis, Azacitidine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogenous in its pathogenesis as well as outcomes, which in turn is influenced by patient- and disease-related factors including age, ability to tolerate treatmen...
Published: 2021
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13. Child and adolescent mental health disorders in the GCC: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Maryam Al Falahi, Sangeetha Mahadevan, Muna Al Saadoon, Rola Al Balushi, Moon Fai Chan, and Samir Al-Adawi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 050402 sociology, Review Article, Anxiety, Stress, Tobacco use disorder, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0504 sociology, 030225 pediatrics, ADHD, Medicine, GCC, Disordered eating, Psychiatry, DASS, Depression, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Child and adolescent mental health disorders, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Metaanalysis, medicine.disease, Patient Health Questionnaire, Eating disorders, Meta-analysis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Systematic review, Eating Attitudes Test, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), with a predominant ‘youth bulge’ among its 54 million people, has witnessed an exponential increase in research pertinent to child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). Aside from a few narrative reviews, to date, no critical appraisal examining the magnitude of CAMH has emerged from this region. Aims This study aimed to report the prevalence rates of CAMH disorders in the GCC through a systematic review of the existing literature followed by a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review of the literature from the six GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) was conducted. The databases used included Scopus, ProQuest, Pubmed, and a final check was performed on Google Scholar to account for any remaining studies that may have still been under review. Meta analytic techniques were then used to estimate prevalence rates of each specific mental disorder, i.e. ADHD, depression, anxiety, stress, eating disorders, and tobacco use disorder. Results A total of 33 studies from the six countries were included. The pooled prevalence of ADHD as per the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADHDDRS), clinical judgments, Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale (ADDES), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was found to be 13.125%, 13.38%, 26.135%, and 12.83%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms solicited by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid) was 44.684%, 45.09%, and 26.12%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of anxiety according to the DASS and the MINI Kid was 57.04% and 17.27%, respectively, while the pooled prevalence of stress as per the DASS was found to be 43.15%. The pooled prevalence of disordered eating solicited by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was 31.55%. Lastly, the pooled prevalence of tobacco use disorder per the Global Youth Tobacco Survey was 19.39%. Discussion To date, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of its kind from the GCC. The prevalence rate of CAMH disorders appears to be in the upper range of international trends. The higher rates could be attributed to the existing studies using suboptimal methodological approaches and instruments to solicit the presence of CAMH.
Published: 2021
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14. Use of Oral Hypomethylating Agents for the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Author: Sangeetha Venugopal and Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Myelodysplastic syndromes, Azacitidine, Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, Decitabine, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, medicine.disease, Transplantation, International Prognostic Scoring System, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Introduction Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are genomically complex clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms leading to myelodysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis.1,2 MDS is a disease of older age, clinically manifesting as symptomatic cytopenias with an added propensity for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).3 The treatment of MDS is based on a risk-adapted approach per the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)4 or the modified IPSS-R.5 Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the only curative strategy, but most patients are not eligible due to their age or other comorbidities.6 In these patients, hypomethylating agents (HMA, either decitabine or azacitidine) are the mainstay of therapy to either alleviate cytopenias or impede disease progression. 7 Decitabine (DEC) and azacitidine (AZA) are approved to treat patients with MDS, including previously treated and untreated, de novo, and secondary MDS of all French-American-British subtypes (refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and high-risk IPSS groups.7
Published: 2021
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15. Pediatric maxillofacial and dental trauma: A retrospective review of pediatric emergency management in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author: Sangeetha Premnath, Saleh Zaid Al Shehri, Razan A. Ababtain, Mohammed Alkindi, Maryam Al-Hindi, Randa Abdul Moein Al Fotawi, and Darshan Devang Divakar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, medicine.medical_treatment, Crown (dentistry), 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dental injury, Protocol, medicine, General Dentistry, Pediatric, Retrospective review, Maxillofacial trauma, Dental trauma, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Medical record, General surgery, RK1-715, 030206 dentistry, Emergency department, medicine.disease, Dentistry, Medicine, Original Article, business, Pediatric trauma
Abstract: Background Due to the high prevalence of oral and maxillofacial (OMF) trauma in city of Riyadh, a special focus on pediatric trauma is needed. The purpose of this audit was to assess the protocol followed by the OMF unit at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) on pediatric trauma patients. The trauma incidence, mechanism of injury, volume, the type of pediatric trauma operated and dental management were analyzed. Materials and Methods A quantitative retrospective review of 223 patients, at pediatric emergency unit of KKUH, Riyadh, KSA from January 2017 to July 2018, was done. The data retrieved included variables such as, age, gender, and cause of injury, site of injury, type of injury, and assessment of jaws, and teeth. Data regarding the type of investigations, treatment protocol, follow up visit, and dental management, were extracted from the medical records. Results Of the 223 pediatric patients presenting to the emergency unit, 116 (52%) were under the age of 5 years. A total of 64.4% of patients reported “self-fall” as the cause of injury. Soft-tissue injuries were common in 63 (56.8%) of patients in the form of lacerations 87 (41.2%). Involvement of the teeth in the injury was observed in 57 patients, in which 33 (57.9%) patients were reported to have tooth/teeth avulsions, 15 (26.3%) patients had luxation and 9 (15.8%) patients had crown fractures. 27 (47%) patients were referred to the pedodontist for a follow-up visit. Conclusions It can concluded that clinicians facing maxillofacial trauma in an emergency department need to have access to useful and practice guidelines. The study also showed the need for more manpower-oriented training such as a pedodontist and a general dentist to join the OMFS team to manage pediatric patients. The regional referral hospitals should be equipped to decentralize the management of these patients to the Dental University Hospital.
Published: 2021
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16. Retinal structure–function correlation in type 2 diabetes

Author: Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Sangeetha Srinivasan, Muna Bhende, Sobha Sivaprasad, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Rayaz A. Malik, and Rajiv Raman
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, media_common.quotation_subject, Type 2 diabetes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ophthalmology, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Contrast (vision), Fluorescein Angiography, media_common, Glycated Hemoglobin, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Fundus photography, Retinal Vessels, Retinal, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Angiography, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract: Objective To examine the relationship of visual function as assessed by visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) to macular structural and microvascular measures on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA) in individuals with diabetes. Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in India. Right eyes of 121 adults with type 2 diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy (DR), mild or moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) were examined. Severe NPDR, proliferative DR and diabetic macular oedema were excluded. Participants underwent assessment of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), blood pressure, best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR), contrast sensitivity (CS), mfERG, ultrawide field fundus photography, OCT and OCTA. Correlations were assessed by Spearman's rank correlation (rho). Results Of the total of 121 eyes, 89 had No DR, 32 had mild to moderate NPDR. In the No DR group, the LogMAR acuity was significantly and negatively correlated to central subfoveal thickness (CST) (rho = -0.420), macular vessel density (rho = -0.270) and perfusion (rho = -0.270). (ii) Contrast sensitivity correlated to foveal avascular zone circularity (rho = 0.297); (iii) mfERG P1 response densities were better with higher macular perfusion index (rho = 0.240). In the NPDR group, the LogMAR acuity also showed a significant negative correlation to CST (rho = -0.379). Other correlations were not significant. Conclusion Retinal and visual functional changes are evident in diabetic patients with No DR and are correlated to subclinical retinal structural changes detectable using multimodal imaging.
Published: 2021
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17. Biosafety of Nanoparticles Used in Orthodontics - A Literature Review

Author: K Ravi, Shreya Kishore, Nausheen Mobeen, Rasiga Gandhi, and Sangeetha Duraisamy
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Biosafety, business.industry, medicine, Medical physics, business
Abstract: Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating matter, measured in the billionths of a nanometer, roughly the size of two or three atoms. It is widely used in our day-today life including its use in medicine and is considered as a vital current technology of the 21st century based on its economic and scientific potential. Its application is being experimented in various domains in orthodontics, from surface coatings to the development of novel materials. Orthodontic materials must have specific characteristics such as biological safety, functionality, and adequate tissue response. They have to pass specific biocompatibility tests to meet regulatory standards. Any material used in oral cavity might encourage unnecessary disturbance due to its complex and varied environment. The nanomaterials have many advantages in the field of orthodontics, especially with improved mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Nanoparticles can easily penetrate tissues and can affect biological behaviours at different levels. The introduction of nanotechnology gives better opportunities to both patient and orthodontist to new physicochemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of nanosized materials and can be used in coating orthodontic wires, elastomeric ligatures, and brackets, producing shape memory polymers and orthodontic bonding materials. The present review article focuses on the application of nanoparticles in orthodontics. This article presents a brief overview of nanotechnology, types of nanoparticles, biological safety of different nanoparticles used in orthodontics and their applications in the field of dentistry and orthodontics. KEY WORDS Nanoparticles, Biocompatibility, Orthodontics, Nanoscience
Published: 2021
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18. Improving the investigative approach to polycythaemia vera: a critical assessment of current evidence and vision for the future

Author: Sangeetha Venugopal, Lukas Ronner, Erin Moshier, and John Mascarenhas
Subjects: Polycythaemia, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, business.industry, Clinical study design, Disease Management, Hematology, Disease, medicine.disease, Risk Assessment, Retrospective data, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Risk stratification, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Critical assessment, business, Intensive care medicine, Polycythemia Vera, Prognostic models
Abstract: Summary Polycythaemia vera is a challenging disease to study given its low prevalence and prolonged time-to-event for important clinical endpoints such as thrombosis, progression, and mortality. Although researchers in this space often rise to meet these challenges, there is considerable room for improvement in the analysis of retrospective data, the development of risk-stratification tools, and the design of randomised controlled trials. In this Viewpoint, we review the evidence behind the contemporary approach to risk stratification and treatment of polycythaemia vera. Frameworks for using data more efficiently, constructing more nuanced prognostic models, and overcoming challenges in clinical trial design are discussed.
Published: 2021
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19. The Spinal Cord Injury Program in Exercise (SCIPE) study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating teleexercise programs for people with spinal cord injury

Author: Sangeetha Padalabalanarayanan, Yumi Kim, Tapan Mehta, Mohanraj Thirumalai, Hui-Ju Young, James H. Rimmer, and Chia-Ying Chiu
Subjects: Adult, Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), Psychological intervention, Medicine (miscellaneous), Teleexercise, Spinal cord injury, law.invention, Study Protocol, R5-920, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), Interim, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Exercise, Spinal Cord Injuries, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Disability, business.industry, Physical activity, medicine.disease, Interim analysis, Physical activity level, Exercise Therapy, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Background Many people with spinal cord injury (SCI) have limited access to tailored, readily available exercise resources. As a result, exercise remains an underutilized treatment strategy for improving health and function in people with SCI. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of two remotely delivered exercise programs for people with SCI. Methods The Spinal Cord Injury Program in Exercise (SCIPE) study is a three-arm adaptive randomized controlled trial examining two 8-week teleexercise interventions: Movement-to-Music (M2M) and Standard Exercise Training (SET), compared to Attention Control (AC) in 327 adults with SCI. The primary outcome is change in physical activity level at post 8-week intervention. The study contains two interim analyses. The first interim analysis will assess feasibility metrics of the protocol after 36 participants complete the 8-week intervention period. The second interim analysis will examine two effectiveness comparisons: SET vs. AC and M2M vs AC, after 165 participants complete the intervention period. Early termination of the intervention arm(s) will take place when non-significant findings are found in the corresponding intervention(s). Incorporation of such interim analysis enhances trial efficiency by dropping the intervention(s) that deemed ineffective. It provides ethical benefits and allows allocation of additional resources to explore the effective intervention(s). Discussion Delivery of teleexercise programs may be an effective strategy for addressing transportation barrier to exercise resources and increasing physical activity level and quality of life in people with SCI. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03925077. Registered trial name: Spinal Cord Injury Program in Exercise (SCIPE). Registered on April 23rd, 2019.
Published: 2021

20. Sensory-Based Priming for Upper Extremity Hemiparesis After Stroke: A Scoping Review

Author: Shamshir Kang, Lisa Lodesky, Lindsay E. Maccary, Courtney Heidle, Mary Ellen Stoykov, and Sangeetha Madhavan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Stroke Rehabilitation, Sensory system, medicine.disease, Somatosensory system, Article, Paresis, Stroke, Upper Extremity, Hemiparesis, Systematic review, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Humans, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Priming (psychology), Motor skill
Abstract: Sensory priming is a technique to facilitate neuroplasticity and improve motor skills after injury. Common sensory priming modalities include peripheral nerve stimulation/somatosensory electrical stimulation (PNS/SES), transient functional deafferentation (TFD), and vibration. The aim of this study was to determine whether sensory priming with a motor intervention results in improved upper limb motor impairment or function after stroke. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and EMBASE were the databases used to search the literature in July 2020. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and recommendations for the Cochrane collaboration. In total, 30 studies were included in the analysis: three studies examined TFD, 16 examined PNS/SES, 10 studied vibration, and one combined the three stimulation techniques. Most studies reported significant improvements for participants receiving sensory priming. Given the low risk, it may be advantageous to use sensory-based priming prior to or concurrent with upper limb training after stroke.
Published: 2021
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21. A study of HIV/AIDS awareness among the ICTC clients in a tertiary care center

Author: Yashaswini M K, Archana Rao K, and Sangeetha S
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), False perception, Unprotected sex, virus diseases, Stigma (botany), Hiv testing, medicine.disease, Tertiary care, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, medicine, business, Hiv transmission
Abstract: Background: HIV/AIDS poses a significant and one of the most genuine general well-being challenges. For HIV anticipation in the Indian scenario, the main plausible and financially savvy approach that can be adapted is proper training about HIV/AIDS and its various aspects. The present study was embraced to survey the degree of information and awareness about HIV/AIDS among clients attending ICTC facility in our hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 clients, of age >18yrs, attending the ICTC for HIV testing were studied over a period of 3 months. A questionnaire was prepared in regards to the methods of transmission, preventive techniques, mentality towards patient living with HIV/ AIDS and the source of HIV/ AIDS. The response of clients to the questionnaire was recorded. Results: Among 200 participants, 97% were aware that unprotected sex is a mode of HIV transmission and 64% were aware that infected blood transfusion, use of unsterile needles and syringes contribute to other modes of HIV transmission. It was also noted that uneducated clients had a false perception that HIV can be transmitted by drinking water from same glass and by mosquito bite and this was statistically significant compared to educated individuals. The main source of acquiring positive information among the clients regarding HIV was observed to be television (32.5%). Conclusion: Stigma among the general public was mostly due to fear of contracting the illness. There is a requirement for more noteworthy endeavours toward making data with respect to HIV/AIDS accessible to all. The level of awareness regarding HIV/AIDS needs to be elevated among the public. Keywords : HIV, AIDS, Awareness, Education.
Published: 2021
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22. Mouth ulcers and diseases of the oral cavity

Author: Jane Setterfield and Sangeetha Yogarajah
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Glossitis, business.industry, General Medicine, Burning mouth syndrome, medicine.disease, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Dermatology, Geographic tongue, stomatognathic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Tongue, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Erythema multiforme, Orofacial granulomatosis, medicine.symptom, Mouth ulcers, business
Abstract: Diseases of the oral cavity present with varying degrees of mucosal changes, ranging from erythema, atrophy or ulceration to white or hyperkeratotic areas or pigmentation. These are frequently chronic and can occur because of underlying systemic disease. Diagnosis can be challenging because of similarities in clinical presentation between different conditions. The most common presentations include mucosal ulceration and abnormalities of the lips and tongue. Ulceration represents a full-thickness breach in the epithelium. This can result in pain and difficulty with eating, drinking, speech and maintaining oral hygiene. The wide range of causes of oral ulceration includes trauma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, lichen planus, immunobullous disease, drugs and erythema multiforme. Lesions on the tongue can be caused by primary oral disease or secondary to systemic disease. Abnormalities include nutrient-deficient glossitis, geographic tongue, burning mouth syndrome and, more rarely, amyloidosis. The lips can be affected by skin diseases such as eczema (exfoliative cheilitis) and actinic damage or conditions with potential systemic involvement such as orofacial granulomatosis. The priority with mucosal lesions is to exclude carcinoma, as early detection and treatment significantly decreases morbidity and mortality. This article reviews these disorders and their distinguishing features and highlights the importance of history-taking, clinical examination and further investigation in making a definitive diagnosis.
Published: 2021
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23. A study on DNA methylation status in promoter region of p15 gene in patients of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

Author: Sandeep Kumar Yadav, Sangeetha Sampath, Sanjeevan Sharma, Pratibha Misra, and Venkatesan Somasundaram
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Myeloid, Tumor suppressor gene, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Cytogenetics, Myeloid leukemia, Promoter, General Medicine, Methylation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, DNA methylation, medicine, Original Article, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epigenetics, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are a spectrum of hematological malignancies with a multistep process of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation is most extensively studied epigenetic alteration in malignancies. Recent research studies in the field have brought out translational implications of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor gene p15 in tumors. Therefore, we studied the role of DNA Methylation of p15 gene in AML and MDS. METHODS: The study was carried out in 41 consecutive AML/MDS cases reporting to hematological OPD of a tertiary care center along with 25 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The methylation status in the promoter region of the p15 gene was assessed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) from blood samples after ethical approval and informed consent of the patients and controls. The association of methylation status was studied with clinical presentations, AML subtypes, and cytogenetics using Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test tools. RESULTS: A total of 41 cases included in the study comprised 33 cases of AML and 08 cases of MDS with an age range between 06 months and 82 years. Of the 41 cases, 29 revealed promoter methylation of the p15 gene, which compared to healthy controls was found statistically significant (p
Published: 2021
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24. Determination of the incidence of carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients suffering with diabetic foot ulcers

Author: Sangeetha C Patil and Surekha Y A
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Citrobacter, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Incidence (epidemiology), 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Diabetic foot, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Proteus, 030104 developmental biology, Gram staining, Parasitology, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Sample collection, business
Abstract: Introduction: The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcers. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred patients with diabetic ulcer admitted in surgical wards, VIMS, Bellary were studied. Swabs were collected from the depth of the ulcers on the feet of the diabetic patients. From each patient, two swabs were collected. One swab was used for the isolation of aerobic bacteria and the other for preparation of smear for Gram stain. Debrided necrotic material was also collected. After sample collection, the specimens were processed immediately in the laboratory. Results: Out of 100 cases, 40 (40%) patients presented with ulcer of 2-4 weeks duration. Out of 165 organisms isolated, most common isolate were staph aureus 38(23.03%), followed by Klebsiella spp 34 (20.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(16.96%), E.coli 26(15.75%), Proteus spp 23(13.93%), Enterococcus fecalis 8(4.84%), Citrobacter spp 4(2.42%) and Staph epidermidis 4(2.42%) Conclusion: The carbapenems seem to be successful against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Keywords: Diabetic ulcer, Antimicrobial sensitivity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Carbapenem resistance.
Published: 2021
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25. Motor evoked potential latency and duration from tibialis anterior in individuals with chronic stroke

Author: Brice T. Cleland, Emily Sisel, and Sangeetha Madhavan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, medicine.medical_treatment, Stimulation, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Evoked potential, Latency (engineering), Muscle, Skeletal, Stroke, Electromyography, business.industry, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Motor Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Motor, medicine.disease, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Peripheral, body regions, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Duration (music), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Ipsilateral motor pathways from the contralesional hemisphere to the paretic limbs may be upregulated to compensate for impaired function after stroke. Onset latency and duration of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provide insight into compensatory pathways but have been understudied in the lower limb. This study assessed MEP onset latency and duration in the lower limb after stroke, and compared ipsilateral and contralateral MEPs in the paretic and non-paretic limb. We hypothesized that: (1) onset latency would be longer for ipsilateral than contralateral MEPs and longer for the paretic than the non-paretic limb, and (2) duration would be shorter for ipsilateral than contralateral MEPs and longer for the paretic than the non-paretic limb. Data were collected as a part of a pre-test of a randomized controlled trial. TMS was applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere of the paretic and non-paretic limb. MEP onset latency and duration were calculated from the tibialis anterior. Thirty-five participants with chronic stroke were included in the final analysis. Onset latency was longer in the paretic than the non-paretic limb (~ 6.0 ms) and longer after ipsilateral than contralateral stimulation (~ 1.8 ms). Duration was longer in the paretic than the non-paretic limb (~ 9.2 ms) and longer after contralateral than ipsilateral stimulation (~ 5.2 ms). Ipsilateral MEPs may be elicited through ipsilateral pathways with fewer fibers with a higher activation threshold and/or greater spinal branching. MEPs from the paretic limb may reflect slower central motor conduction, peripheral changes, or changes in motor pathway.
Published: 2021
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26. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Ian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Vivienne Benson, Jane Benstead, Andrew Bentley, Dionne Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Marnie Berwick, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Sruti Bhaskara, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Carron Bilton, Teodirico Binas, Martin Binney, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Louann Birch, Janet Birchall, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Charndip Biring, Mark Birt, Raquel Bisa, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Stuart Blackmore, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Mary Blanton, Parry Blaxill, Jenny Blaxland, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Carol Blears, Natalie Blencowe, Donna Blofield, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Sherin Bodh, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Sarah Bollington, Sam Bolton, Charlotte Bomken, Charlotte Bond, Hayley Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Wendy Bonnert, Lizzy Bonney, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Joanne Borbone, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borman, Rachel Borrell, Mamu Boshir, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Darren Bowen, Kaye Bowen, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Geoff Bowyer, Helen Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Osman Bozdag, Leanna Brace, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Jodie Bradder, Barry Bradley, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Sarah Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Suhail Brailsford, Jill Braithwaite, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Angela Brazier, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Hayley Briggs, Mark Briggs, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Chris Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Terri Brittin, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Andrew Broderick, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, David Broggio, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Ceri Brookes, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Marie Browett, Alison Brown, Ammani Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Chloe Brown, Elizabeth Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Rachel Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Wayne Brown, Bria Browne, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Mitchell Browne, Stephen Brownlee, Alba Brraka, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Alan Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Mandy Bryan, Meera Bryant, April Buazon, Maya Buch, Julie Buchan, Ruaridh Buchan, Alexis Buchanan, Ruaridh Buchanan, Danielle Buche, Amanda Buck, Matthew Buckland, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, Kathleen Buckmire, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Marwan Bukhari, Shanze Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Naomi Bulteel, Kasun Bumunarachchi, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Dorota Burda, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Mika Burgess, Paula Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, John Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Sarah Burns, Daniel Burrage, Sadie Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Angela Busby, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Lesley Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Sophia Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Moira Caldwell, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sarah Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon 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Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan 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Becca Curtis, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Joana da Rocha, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Phil Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Helen Dakers-Black, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Jolyon Dales, Helen Dalgleish, Nikki Dallas, Helen Dallow, Dermot Dalton, Zoe Daly, Akila Danga, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Nimo Daoud, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Tace Darling, Kate Darlington, Tom Darton, Guledew Darylile, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Michelle Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Arlene David, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Cheryl Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Sophia Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Helena Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Lynn Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Alison Deary, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Raji Dehulia, Max Deighton, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Lisa Delaney, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Randle Derbyshire, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Brendan Devine, Sirjana Devkota, Nicola Dewland, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Jazz Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Jas Dhalliwal, Mandeep Dhanda, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Aman Dhesi, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Pamela Diamond, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Julie Dijo, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Maria Dineen, ThaiHa Dinh, Tri Dinh, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Stephen Dixon-Mould, Brice Djeugam, Petr Dlouhy, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Sinead Donton, Emma Dooks, Grainne Doran, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Amanda Dornan, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Kerry Dowling, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Philippa 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Eagles, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Kim East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Caroline Eaton, Caroline Eaton-Howell, Ruth Eatough, Adrian Ebbs, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Daniel Ebner, Martin Ebon, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Julie Edmonds, Dave Edmondson, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Tomos Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Dawn Egginton, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Moulod El-Agnaf, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Diana Eleanor, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Mohammed El-Karim, Andrew Victor Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura Nicola Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Chris Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott 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Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Kelly Feane, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, James Feely-Henderson, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari Gersogamo, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Joanne Finden, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Cathy Flatters, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Harriet Gray, Ingrid Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Patricia Grealish, Fiona Greaves, Jack Greaves, Paul Greaves, Charlotte Green, Christopher Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Grace Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Teresa Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Maraneka Greenslade, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, James Gregson, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Beverley Grice, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Alexandra Griffiths, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Sharon Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Stephen Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Sharazeq Guettari, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Pumali Gunasekera, Malin Gunawardena, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Rishi Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Victoria Guratsky, Alvyda Gureviciute, Sambasivarao Gurram, Bhawana Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Hazel Guth, Ruth Habibi, Berkin Hack, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Nikolaos Hadjisavvas, Leah Hadzik, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Javed Hafsa, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Kate Haigh, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Anne Haldeos, Writaja Halder, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott 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Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, 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Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Leonidas Koukouflis, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar'c, Margarita Kousteni, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Mandy Kuunal, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Emma Laing, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Sandra Leason, Christina Leaver, Marie Anne Ledingham, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shi Han Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Kevan Leighton, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Joana Lemos, Irina Lenchuk, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Isabel Lentell, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eleni Lester, Joe Leung, Ullrich Leuschner, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Michaela Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Georgina Lewis, Gillian Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Lisa Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Rob Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Lorraine Lewis-Prosser, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Anna Li, Jenny Li, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan 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Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert Lord, Stuart Lord, Laura Lordache, Kieron Loregnard, Catherine Lorenzen, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Eva Loutraris, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Huw Lovett, Daniel Loveys, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Alastair Lowe, Caroline Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Linda Lowrey, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Emma Loxley, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, H Luke, Jane Luke, Hayley Lund, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Julia Lussier, Cindy Nisha Luximon, Elisa Ly, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Sarah Lymn, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Helen Lyon, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Angela Macauley, 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Thushika Mahendiran, Siva Mahendran, Sarah Maher, Anistta Maheswaran, Shameera Maheswaran, Tina Maheswaran, Parisa Mahjoob-Afag, Ahmed Mahmood, Farhana Mahmood, Waheed Mahmood, Zahra Mahmood, Hager Mahmoud, Ewan Mahony, Luke Mair, Toluwani Majekdunmi, Kesson Majid, Rupert Major, Jaydip Majumdar, Mohammad KH Majumder, Stephen Makin, Marius Malanca, Hannah Malcolm, Flora Malein, Neeraj Malhan, Ayesha Malik, Gulshan Malik, Mohammed Maljk, Paul Mallett, Petrina Mallinder, Georgia Mallison, Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Edgar Malundas, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Kathy Man, Rossana Mancinelli, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Ravi Manikonda, Bobby Mann, Jonathan Manning, Lynne Mannion, Katherine Mansi, Katarina Manso, Dina Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Hemant Maraj, Garikayi Marange, Lisa March, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Maria Marecka, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Matthew Masoli, Lynn Mason, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed SME Masood, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Caroline Mathews, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Marion Mathie, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Sue Matthews, Gwynn Matthias, Fiona Maxton, Adam Maxwell, Gemma Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, James May, Joanne May, Oliver May, Philippa May, Irving Mayanagao, Matthew Maycock, Graham Mayers, Lee Maynard, Shelley Mayor, Ibreaheim Mazen, Andrea Mazzella, Nyambura Mburu, Mercy Mbwembwe, Martyn McAdam, Eleanor 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Munt, Nafissah Munu, McDonald Mupudzi, Arshid Murad, Oluwatosin H Muraina, Koteshwara Muralidhara, Diane Murdoch, Mhairi Murdoch, Jennifer Murira, Alison Murphy, Carl Murphy, Emily Murphy, Fidelma Murphy, Gail Murphy, Jo Murphy, Peter Murphy, Sheenagh Murphy, Simon Murphy, Clare Murray, David Murray, Eleanor Murray, Katie Murray, Kenneth Murray, Lisa Murray, Lorna Murray, Tracey Murray, Eoin Murtagh, Mithun Murthy, Catherine Murton, Rosie Murton, Neeka Muru, Rosemary Musanhu, Maimuna Mushabe, Kaiser Mushtaq, Omaisa Mushtaq, Ahmed M Mustafa, Elhaytham Mustafa, Mustafa Mustafa, Ibrahim Mustapha, Zhain Mustufvi, Callum Mutch, Eric Mutema, Balakumar Muthukrishnan, Sheree Mutton, Natasha Muzengi, Memory Mwadeyi, Bettina Mwale, Esther Mwaura, Raji Myagerimath, Alice Myers, Sam Myers, Khin Swe Myint, Yadee Myint, Libor Myslivecek, Helen Nabakka, Evelyn Nadar, Iftikhar Nadeem, Moosa Nadheem, Asma Naeem, Hassan Naeem, Salman Naeem, Samraiz Nafees, Mohamed Nafei, Parminder Naga, Thapas 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Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021
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27. Combining transcranial direct current stimulation with aerobic exercise to optimize cortical priming in stroke

Author: Sangeetha Madhavan and Anjali Sivaramakrishnan
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical Exertion, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Heart Rate, Physiology (medical), Reaction Time, Humans, Medicine, Aerobic exercise, Stroke, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Leg, 0303 health sciences, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, Electromyography, business.industry, Motor Cortex, Stroke Rehabilitation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Evoked Potentials, Motor, medicine.disease, Exercise Therapy, Female, Perception, business, Priming (psychology), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Physical Conditioning, Human
Abstract: Aerobic exercise (AE) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are priming techniques that have been studied for their potential neuromodulatory effects on corticomotor excitability (CME); however, the synergistic effects of AE and tDCS are not explored in stroke. Here we investigated the synergistic effects of AE and tDCS on CME, intracortical and transcallosal inhibition, and motor control for the lower limb in stroke. Twenty-six stroke survivors participated in 3 sessions: tDCS, AE, and AE+tDCS. AE included moderate-intensity exercise and tDCS included 1 mA of anodal tDCS to the lower limb motor cortex with or without AE. Outcomes included measures of CME, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), ipsilateral silent period (iSP) (an index of transcallosal inhibition) for the tibialis anterior, and ankle reaction time. Ipsilesional CME significantly decreased for AE compared with AE+tDCS and tDCS. No differences were noted in SICI, iSP measures, or reaction time between all 3 sessions. Our findings suggest that a combination of exercise and tDCS, and tDCS demonstrate greater excitability of the ipsilesional hemisphere compared with exercise only; however, these effects were specific to the descending corticomotor pathways. No additive priming effects of exercise and tDCS over tDCS was observed. Novelty: An exercise and tDCS paradigm upregulated the descending motor pathways from the ipsilesional lower limb primary motor cortex compared with exercise. Exercise or tDCS administered alone or in combination did not affect intracortical or transcallosal inhibition or reaction time.
Published: 2021
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28. Discrepancies in the clinical and radiological profiles of COVID-19: A case-based discussion and review of literature

Author: Cornelius James Fernandez, Joseph M Pappachan, Hemant Kumar, Mohamed Munavvar, and Sangeetha Kolpattil
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Lung ultrasound, Modality (human–computer interaction), Lung, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Chest X-ray, COVID-19, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pneumonia, Gold standard (test), Lung imaging, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Specimen collection, Radiological weapon, medicine, Radiology, Evidence Review, business, Computed tomography, Cardiac imaging
Abstract: The current gold standard for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, on the background of clinical suspicion. However, RT-PCR has its limitations; this includes issues of low sensitivity, sampling errors and appropriate timing of specimen collection. As pulmonary involvement is the most common manifestation of severe COVID-19, early and appropriate lung imaging is important to aid diagnosis. However, gross discrepancies can occur between the clinical and imaging findings in patients with COVID-19, which can mislead clinicians in their decision making. Although chest X-ray (CXR) has a low sensitivity for the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated lung disease, especially in the earlier stages, a positive CXR increases the pre-test probability of COVID-19. CXR scoring systems have shown to be useful, such as the COVID-19 opacification rating score which helps to predict the need of tracheal intubation. Furthermore, artificial intelligence-based algorithms have also shown promise in differentiating COVID-19 pneumonia on CXR from other lung diseases. Although costlier than CXR, unenhanced computed tomographic (CT) chest scans have a higher sensitivity, but lesser specificity compared to RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. A semi-quantitative CT scoring system has been shown to predict short-term mortality. The routine use of CT pulmonary angiography as a first-line imaging modality in patients with suspected COVID-19 is not justifiable due to the risk of contrast nephropathy. Scoring systems similar to those pioneered in CXR and CT can be used to effectively plan and manage hospital resources such as ventilators. Lung ultrasound is useful in the assessment of critically ill COVID-19 patients in the hands of an experienced operator. Moreover, it is a convenient tool to monitor disease progression, as it is cheap, non-invasive, easily accessible and easy to sterilise. Newer lung imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for safe imaging among children, adolescents and pregnant women are rapidly evolving. Imaging modalities are also essential for evaluating the extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: these include cranial imaging with CT or MRI; cardiac imaging with ultrasonography (US), CT and MRI; and abdominal imaging with US or CT. This review critically analyses the utility of each imaging modality to empower clinicians to use them appropriately in the management of patients with COVID-19 infection.
Published: 2021
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29. UNIVERSAL SCREENING FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN ANTENATAL MOTHERS IMPROVES ANTENATAL MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES – SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Author: Daniel Wong Bang Lung, Tiffany Grace Wong, Salmiah Md Sharif, Nicholas Lee Wen Sheng, Sangeetha Shyam, and Safurah Jaafar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, endocrine system diseases, business.industry, Obstetrics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Ethnic group, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Retrospective cohort study, Type 2 diabetes, Abortion, medicine.disease, Obesity, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Gestational diabetes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Family history, business
Abstract: This study examined the impact of universal screening in diagnosing and managing gestational diabetes (GDM) amongst antenatal mother and associated neonatal outcomes. It is a single-centre, retrospective study on routinely collected data of antenatal women in Health Clinic Seremban over one year in 2018. All women diagnosed with GDM, who were not known sufferers of type 1 or type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Participants were stratified according to risk factors for GDM to compare the performance of a selective high-risk screening approach to that of universal screening for detecting GDM. Subjects were categorized as high-risk for GDM based on the guidelines recommended by the Malaysian Clinical Practice guidelines. It was found that through universal screening, 246 antenatal mothers were tested positive for GDM out of the 987 of these mothers without prior diabetes, giving a prevalence of 24.9%. If selective screening using traditional risk factors had been employed, 54 (22%) of the antenatal mothers diagnosed with GDM would have been missed. It was established that risk factors for GDM included advancing age, other ethnicities (patients that are not of Malay, Chinese nor Indian ethnicities), obesity, history of abortion or GDM and family history of diabetes mellitus. Neonatal outcomes of those with GDM as compared to those without were similar. This study highlights that universal screening improved GDM detection rates amongst antenatal mothers. The increased detection helped facilitate an earlier intervention which may have contributed to better antenatal management and outcomes for neonates and their mothers.
Published: 2021
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30. Elevated Serum Lactate in Patients With Lymphoma: It Is Not Always Infection

Author: Benjamin J. Sandefur, Thomas M. Habermann, Jithma P. Abeykoon, Gordon Ruan, Thomas E. Witzig, Sangeetha Gandhi, and Susan Schram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, R5-920, immune system diseases, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Fisher's exact test, business.industry, Hazard ratio, medicine.disease, Lymphoma, chemistry, Lactic acidosis, symbols, business, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Abstract: Objective: To distinguish between sepsis only vs progressive lymphoma in patients with a history of lymphoma who present to the hospital with lactic acidosis. Patients and Methods: We identified patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma from January 2014 to December 2015. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: sepsis only or progressive lymphoma. Two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ1/Fisher exact test were used to compare the continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 51 patients were identified; 33 (65%) patients were categorized into the sepsis only group, and 18 (35%), into the progressive lymphoma group. Values for serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) drawn during hospitalization were statistically different between the sepsis only and progressive lymphoma groups (median, 262 vs 665 U/L; P=.005), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of serum LDH level 2 or more times the upper limit of normal for progressive lymphoma were 56% (95% CI, 33% to 79%) and 85% (95% CI, 73% to 97%), respectively. Serum LDH level was independently predictive of inferior OS (hazard ratio, 27.8; 95% CI, 4.0 to 160.1; P
Published: 2021

31. Promoting physical exercise during lockdown: ‘Am I fit enough to run a marathon, doctor?’

Author: Rob Galloway, Sangeetha Sornalingam, Ross Goodson, and Max Cooper
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physical therapy, Medicine, Physical exercise, Building and Construction, business
Published: 2021
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32. Red Cell Distribution Width and Its Relationship with Microalbuminuria Among Patients with Essential Hypertension

Author: Desigamani K Desigamani K, Manimaran D Manimaran D, Sangeetha B S Sangeetha B S, Sheeja J Sheeja J, Rajesh H Rajesh H, and Akhshaya Ponsuba T
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Venipuncture, business.industry, Red blood cell distribution width, urologic and male genital diseases, medicine.disease, Essential hypertension, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Outpatient clinic, Microalbuminuria, Prospective cohort study, business, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Background: Elevated Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is an indicator of renal damage in hypertensive patients. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is an indicator of risk for cardiovascular complications and progressive renal damage in patients with diabetes and also hypertension. Objectives: 1. Determine RDW and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients. 2. Determine RDW levels in hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria and without microalbuminuria and to evaluate the relationship between these two parameters. Methodology: Our prospective study was conducted on 98 patients attending outpatient clinic for blood pressure check up and treatment. For measurement of RDW - 2 ml blood was collected by clean venepuncture and collected in EDTA tube and determined RDW by automatic cell counter (sysmex KX-21) and for microalbuminuria - Early morning urine samples were collected and microalbumin determined by immunoturbidimetry. Statistical analysis were done using SPSS version – 16.0. Results: A total of 98 patients were included in the present study with age ranging from 30 – 86 year. All the patients were known hypertensive under treatment and 54 of them also had associated diabetes mellitus. The male to female ratio of the sample was 29:69. Out of the total 98 patients, 58 (59.2%) presented with microalbuminuria and 23 (23.5%) patients had RDW value above normal. Out of the 58 patients with microalbuminuria, 17 (29.3%) patients had RDW value above normal but only 6 (15%) patients out of 40 patients without microalbuminuria had RDW value above normal. Conclusion: Though we could not find out a direct relationship between RDW and MAU, some of the individual patients with MAU had high RDW compared to patients without MAU. As RDW is routinely done as part of complete blood counts in all patients, if its value is high in hypertensive patients, we can workup the patient for microalbuminuria. Early detection and treatment can avoid complications in these patients.
Published: 2019
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33. Co-ingestion of NUTRALYS® pea protein and a high-carbohydrate beverage influences the glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial

Author: Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre, Elisabeth Ahlström, Helen J. Lightowler, Tyler Maher, Catherine Lefranc-Millot, Ifunanya Achebe, Laetitia Guérin-Deremaux, and Alistair Sampson
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Pea protein, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Area under the curve, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Crossover study, Glucagon-like peptide-1, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Postprandial, Internal medicine, medicine, Ingestion, Analysis of variance, business
Abstract: Plant-based proteins may have the potential to improve glycaemic and gastrointestinal hormone responses to foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two doses of pea protein on postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response following a high-carbohydrate beverage intake in healthy individuals. In a single-blind, randomised, controlled, repeat measure, crossover design trial, thirty-one participants were randomly assigned to ingest 50 g glucose (Control), 50 g glucose with 25 g pea protein (Test 1) and 50 g glucose with 50 g pea protein (Test 2) on three separate days. Capillary blood samples (blood glucose and plasma insulin measurements) and venous blood samples (GIP and GLP-1 concentrations) were taken before each test and at fixed intervals for 180 min. The data were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA or the Friedman test. Glucose incremental Area under the Curve (iAUC180) was significantly lower (p
Published: 2021
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34. Can employment in a café change Clientele Attitude towards the staff when they are Persons with Mental Illness?

Author: Anoop Joseph, Sangeetha Jayaraman, Parthipulli Vasuki Prathyusha, Sailaxmi Gandhi, Thanapal Sivakumar, and Annie P John
Subjects: Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, Mental Disorders, media_common.quotation_subject, Social Stigma, Mental illness, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Attitude, Mentally Ill Persons, Perception, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology, Psychiatry, media_common
Abstract: Background: Clientele’s attitude toward Persons with Mental Illness (PwMI) changes over a period of time. The aim of this study was to explore and understand how and whether perception about PwMI changes when they are seen working like persons without mental illness among those availing services of ROSes café at NIMHANS, Bengaluru. Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted with purposive sampling. Community Attitude toward Mentally Ill (CAMI) a self -administered questionnaire of was administered to measure the clientele attitude towards staff with mental illness in ROSes Café (Recovery Oriented Services). A total of 256 subjects availing services from the ROSes café recruited in the study. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U test was computed to see the association and differences on selected variables. Results: The present study results showed that subjects had a positive attitude seen in health care professionals in the domains of benevolence (BE) (28.68 ± 3.00) and community mental health ideology (CMHI) (31.53 ± 3.19), whereas non-health care professionals had showed negative attitude in the domain of authoritarianism (AU) (30.54 ± 3.42) and social restrictiveness (SR) (30.18 ± 3.05). Education, employment, marital, income, and working status were significantly associated with CAMI domains. Conclusion: PwMI also can work like people without mental illness when the opportunities are provided. The community needs to regard mental illness in the same manner as chronic physical illness diabetes mellitus and allow PwMI to live a life of dignity by creating and offering opportunities to earn livelihood which would help them recover with their illnesses.
Published: 2021
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35. Evaluation and comparison of expired and extant metformin drug by method validation using UV-VIS spectrophotometry

Author: Kasthuri Natarajan, Sangeetha Raja, and Jamuna Rani R
Subjects: Drug, Zero order, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Expired drug, Metformin, Extant taxon, Spectrophotometry, medicine, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Intensive care medicine, business, media_common, medicine.drug
Abstract: Metformin, a widely used antihyperglycemic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The usage of this therapeutic drug has become more common as the frequency of diabetes mellitus metabolic disorder is high worldwide especially in India. Improper disposal of the expired drug is creating a huge impact in the environment as well as financial prudence for the country. UV-visible spectrophotometry is one of the simple and accurate method for the apposite validation of drug. Our aim is to evaluate and compare the expired and extant metformin drug by UV-visible spectrophotometry. We observed the absorption maxima at 233nm and the resolution of the analyte peak is highly specific for metformin drug. The calibration curve with different concentration of both expired and extant drugs was found to be linear. The repeated interday and intraday measurements of both the drug at 10 ppm concentration were extremely precise and the percentage recovery was accurate by zero order spectroscopy. The drug solution was stable at different time points and the robustness during all variations was not much affected for both the expired and extant metformin drug. We observed the system suitability is satisfactory and fulfilled all the parameters of method validation. The detection and quantification limit of both the drugs was found to be the lowest concentration about 1ppm as an exact value. Our results conclude that there is no significant variation in all the method validation parameters between the 10 years expired and extant metformin drug. This will be helpful to avoid wastage or disposal of enormous expired metformin drug and to reconsider the extension of expiry date by pharmaceutical companies with proper approval of the organizations.
Published: 2021
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36. Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on cerebral vasospasm, biomarkers of cerebral ischemia, and functional outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ERVAS): A randomized controlled pilot trial

Author: H R Arvinda, Ramesh J. Venkatapura, R P Sangeetha, Dhananjaya I Bhat, Rita Christopher, Sriganesh Kamath, and Dhritiman Chakrabarti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Ischemia, biomarkers of cerebral ischemia, glasgow outcome scale extended, Cerebral vasospasm, Internal medicine, medicine, Medical technology, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, cardiovascular diseases, R855-855.5, business.industry, Pilot trial, Vasospasm, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler, Blood pressure, cerebral vasospasm, RC666-701, transcranial doppler, Cardiology, delayed cerebral ischemia, Ischemic preconditioning, Original Article, remote ischemic preconditioning, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebral vasospasm can complicate aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), contributing to cerebral ischemia. We explored the role of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in reducing cerebral vasospasm and ischemia and improving outcomes after aSAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm undergoing surgical clipping and meeting the trial criteria were randomized to true RIPC (n = 13) (inflating upper extremity blood pressure cuff thrice to 30 mmHg above systolic pressure for 5 min) or sham RIPC (n = 12) (inflating blood pressure cuff thrice to 30 mmHg for 5 min) after ethical approval. A blinded observer assessed outcome measures-cerebral vasospasm and biomarkers of cerebral ischemia. We also evaluated the feasibility and safety of RIPC in aSAH and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). RESULTS: Angiographic vasospasm was seen in 9/13 (69%) patients; 1/4 patients (25%) in true RIPC group, and 8/9 patients (89%) in sham RIPC group (P = 0.05). Vasospasm on transcranial Doppler study was diagnosed in 5/25 (20%) patients and 1/13 patients (7.7%) in true RIPC and 4/12 patients (33.3%) in sham RIPC group, (P = 0.16). There was no difference in S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels over various time-points within groups (P = 0.32 and 0.49 for S100B, P = 0.66 and 0.17 for NSE in true and sham groups, respectively) and between groups (P = 0.56 for S100B and P = 0.31 for NSE). Higher GOSE scores were observed with true RIPC (P = 0.009) unlike sham RIPC (P = 0.847) over 6-month follow-up with significant between group difference (P = 0.003). No side effects were seen with RIPC. CONCLUSIONS: RIPC is feasible and safe in patients with aSAH and results in a lower incidence of vasospasm and better functional outcome.
Published: 2021

37. Effect of Allium sativum on dental plaque pH-A double blinded randomized parallel placebo-controlled trial

Author: P. Saraswathi, K. M. Savitha, P. Swetha, R. Sangeetha, and V. Anu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Allicin, business.industry, Double blinded, Placebo-controlled study, Dental plaque, medicine.disease, Allium sativum, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Periodontal disease, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)
Published: 2021
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38. Cardio respiratory fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder

Author: B. Sujatha, Sangeetha Sadhasivam, Jagatheesan Alagesan, and Priyanga Seemathan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Poor motor coordination, Physical fitness, Cardiorespiratory fitness, General Medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Motor coordination, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Inclusion and exclusion criteria, medicine, Statistical analysis, business, Shuttle run test, Tape measure
Abstract: Introduction and Aim: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition in children, with motor coordination disabilities. Children with DCD not only exhibit poor motor coordination, but also experience poor performance in physical activities and are found to have poor physical fitness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardio respiratory fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder. Materials and Methods: The materials used for the study were DCDQ’07 questionnaire, (Bruinink’s- Oseretsky Test-ed 2) BOT2 tool, (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed-5) DSM-V diagnostic criteria, cones, 2 wooden blocks, measuring tape, stop watch. Twenty-six individuals were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of which only 24 children participated in the study. DCD children were screened using DCDQ’07questionnaire, BOT2 tool, DSM-V diagnostic criteria and the cardio respiratory fitness is evaluated using 20 m shuttle run test. Comparison of Cardio respiratory fitness was done between the children with DCD and children without DCD. Results: The results were determined by statistical analysis, following 20m shuttle run test. Our findings indicate, cardio-respiratory fitness in children with DCD was significantly less than their peers of same age without DCD and are more likely to be in a high-risk group. Conclusion: The current study supports lower cardio vascular fitness in children with DCD when compared to children without DCD, moreover no study has so far compared the Cardio respiratory fitness among DCD children and their normal peers.
Published: 2021
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39. The diagnostic value of congenital and nevoid cutaneous lesions associated with autism spectrum disorders in indian children-A case-control study

Author: Lydia Mathew, Karthik Muthusamy, Beena Koshy, Sangeetha Yoganathan, Samuel Philip Oommen, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan, Renu George, Jayaprakash Muliyil, Maya Thomas, Sirisha Varala, and Paul Russell
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neurocutaneous Syndromes, business.industry, Sturge–Weber syndrome, Case-control study, autism, lcsh:RL1-803, medicine.disease, Dermatology, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Tuberous sclerosis, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, mental disorders, congenital and nevoid lesions, Diagnostic odds ratio, medicine, lcsh:Dermatology, Autism, Original Article, diagnostic value, business
Abstract: Background and Aims: Cutaneous lesions are the defining features of several neurocutaneous syndromes like neurofibromatosis1(NF1), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and Sturge Weber syndrome to name a few. With this background, we explored the possibility of identifying congenital and nevoid cutaneous markers that may help in the early recognition of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Indian children. The objective of this study was to measure the strength of association between congenital and nevoid cutaneous lesions and ASD among Indian children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2018. 132 children (18 months-16 years of age) with ASD and equal number of age and sex-matched children without autism were studied. Diagnosis of ASD was based on DSM-5 criteria. All the children were examined for cutaneous lesions with special attention to nevoid and congenital conditions. The strength of association was measured using the diagnostic odds ratio (OR). Results: The prevalence of congenital and nevoid lesions were higher in ASD group (OR = 3.12, P = 0.0001). Among them, pigmentary mosaicism of hyperpigmented type (OR = 2.76, P = 0.02) and café-au-lait macules (CALMs) (OR = 2.40, P = 0.001) were the most prevalent with hyperpigmented pigmentary mosaicism showing a higher association with autism. Atypical CALMs (OR = 2, P = 0.09) were also more prevalent in the ASD group though not statistically significant. Conclusion: The presence of hyperpigmented pigmentary mosaicism and CALMs warrant closer surveillance by the caregivers and physicians for evolving features of autism. Larger multicentric studies are required to validate these findings.
Published: 2021

40. Together let us confront it: An outbreak investigation of hepatitis B in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala

Author: Marina Rajan Joseph, Prince Alexander, George M Chandy, A L Sheeja, P S Rakesh, Geethu Mathew, Sangeetha Merrin Varghese, Abel K Samuel Johnson, Alice David, C S Nandini, and Abey Sushan
Subjects: Hepatitis B virus, medicine.medical_specialty, Liver infection, outbreak, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Public health, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Environmental health, kerala, Epidemiology, Attributable risk, medicine, Infection control, Medicine, Original Article, hepatitis b, business, pathanamthitta district
Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The established routes of transmission are from mother to infant, sexual contact, and exposure to blood or body fluids. Though HBV is preventable by vaccine and robust infection control practices, outbreaks of HBV infection do occur in India. However, the state of Kerala with its health parameters, one among the best in the country, cannot afford to have continuing outbreaks. An unusual increase in the reported cases of Hepatitis B in a rural area of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, called for an outbreak investigation. Aims: To describe the epidemiological features, to determine the risk factors associated with HBV transmission, and to suggest measures to prevent future transmission. Methods: A community-based case-control study (1:2) was undertaken. A total of 162 participants (54 cases and 108 age, gender, and neighborhood matched controls) took part in the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with subject experts to develop an interview schedule assessing 40 risk factors. It was further reviewed by the University of Sydney. Data was collected by trained Junior Health Inspectors and Junior Public Health Nurses of the Primary Health Centers. Data was analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Proportions were compared by Univariate analysis, sub-group analysis, and logistic regression. Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was also calculated. Results and Conclusion: More than 90% of the infections were IgM anti-HBc positive, suggesting a recent infection. Interventions during hospitalization [OR: 7.98 (95% CI – 2.17--29.4)], family history of Hepatitis B [OR. 4.14 (95%CI – 1.73--9.9)], and laboratory investigations [OR: 3.99 (1.72--9.31)] were found to be significant risk factors. PAR was highest for laboratory interventions (32%). Vaccinating household contacts and strict enforcement of infection control practices could substantially reduce the burden of this fatal disease.
Published: 2021

41. Analysis Of Morphology Of Renal Calyceal Pattern In Renal Donors Using Ct Angiography

Author: Sudha K, Sangeetha A, Dinesh M, and Kumaresan M
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Morphology (linguistics), medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Angiography, Medicine, Radiology, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, business
Abstract: Transplants are one of the biggest achievements of modern medicine and can save or greatly enhance the lives of other people. The recovery period after laparoscopic surgery is quicker than open surgery. It is important to know the variations of the renal calyceal pattern prior to the laparoscopic surgery during renal surgeries. The aim is to analyze the calyceal system in kidney donors using 64-Slice Computed Tomography Angiography. The study was conducted in a specialized scan centre located in Chennai after getting appropriate permission and ethical clearance. The study group was drawn from kidney donors who approached the scan centre and had no diseases related to kidney. In this study, a total of 99 healthy kidney donors were included to study the pattern of pelvicalyceal pattern and to classify further into bi-calyceal, tri-calyceal and multi-calyceal. This study found that bi-calyceal pattern is the most common pattern (%) and further this pattern was more in the right side in males and left side in females. The numbers of minor calyces were significantly more in the right multi-calyceal pattern than left multi-calyceal, tri-calyceal and bi-calyceal patterns. The association of occurrence in these pattern was significant in males with a strong association and insignificant in females. A detailed description of intrarenal arterial pattern and its relationship with calyceal pattern will be great significance in renal transplantation and also for other urological procedures.
Published: 2020
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42. Food order and glucose excursion in Indian adults with normal and overweight/obese Body Mass Index: A randomised crossover pilot trial

Author: Ching Li Lee, Jie Lene Tan, Zi Yi Lee, and Sangeetha Shyam
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (miscellaneous), Pilot Projects, Body weight, Body Mass Index, Humans, Insulin, Medicine, Obesity, Meals, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Pilot trial, Overweight obesity, General Medicine, Glucose excursion, Overweight, Postprandial Period, medicine.disease, Glucose, Postprandial, Normal weight, Physical therapy, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Background: Postprandial glycaemia has an impact on health but there is limited data about the effect of food order on postprandial glycaemia by body weight status. Aim: To investigate the effects of food order on postprandial glucose (PPG) excursion, in Indian adults with normal (NL) and overweight/obese (OW) Body Mass Index. Methods: This randomised crossover study was conducted at a Malaysian university among Indian adults without diabetes. The participants consumed isocaloric test meals at three study visits based on randomised food orders: carbohydrate first/protein last (CF); protein first/carbohydrate last (CL); and a composite meal containing carbohydrate and protein (CM). Capillary blood glucose was measured at baseline, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after starting the meal. Results: The CL food order had a blunting effect on PPG excursion at 30 and 60 minutes ( p < 0.01). The CL food order resulted in lower glucose peak when compared with the CF and CM food order ( p < 0.001). The CL food order resulted in lower incremental glucose peak (mmol/L) (NL: CF 3.9 ± 0.3, CM 3.0 ± 0.3, CL 2.0 ± 0.2; OW: CF 2.9 ± 0.3, CM 2.5 ± 0.3, CL 1.8 ± 0.2) and iAUC 0–120 min (mmol/Lxmin) (NL: CF 272.4 ± 26.7, CM 206.2 ± 30.3, CL 122.0 ± 14.8; OW: CF 193.2 ± 23.1, CM 160.1 ± 21.7, CL 113.6 ± 15.3) when compared with the CF food order ( p < 0.001). The effect of food order on postprandial excursion did not differ between the NL ( n = 14) and the OW ( n = 17) groups. Conclusion: In participants with normal and overweight/obese BMI, consuming food in the protein first/carbohydrate last order had the biggest effect in reducing PPG excursion.
Published: 2020
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43. Accommodative Exercises to Lower Intraocular Pressure

Author: Jeremy Reitinger, Thomas J.W. Stokkermans, Chiu-Yen Kao, Huachun A Wang, Carol B. Toris, George Tye, and Sangeetha Ragupathy
Subjects: Refractive error, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, Article Subject, genetic structures, Scleral spur, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cornea, Ophthalmology, Medicine, Dioptre, business.industry, RE1-994, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ciliary muscle, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Ocular biometrics, sense organs, business, Accommodation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Purpose. This study investigated how a conscious change in ocular accommodation affects intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular biometrics in healthy adult volunteers of different ages. Methods. Thirty-five healthy volunteers without ocular disease or past ocular surgery, and with refractive error between −3.50 and +2.50 diopters, were stratified into 20, 40, and 60 year old (y.o.) age groups. Baseline measurements of central cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, cornea diameter, pupil size, and ciliary muscle thickness were made by autorefraction and optical coherence tomography (OCT), while IOP was measured by pneumotonometry. Each subject’s right eye focused on a target 40 cm away. Three different tests were performed in random order: (1) 10 minutes of nonaccommodation (gazing at the target through lenses that allowed clear vision without accommodating), (2) 10 minutes of accommodation (addition of a minus 3 diopter lens), and (3) 10 minutes of alternating between accommodation and nonaccommodation (1-minute intervals). IOP was measured immediately after each test. A 20-minute rest period was provided between tests. Data from 31 subjects were included in the study. ANOVA and paired t-tests were used for statistical analyses. Results. Following alternating accommodation, IOP decreased by 0.7 mmHg in the right eye when all age groups were combined ( p = 0.029). Accommodation or nonaccommodation alone did not decrease IOP. Compared to the 20 y.o. group, the 60 y.o. group had a thicker ciliary muscle within 75 μm of the scleral spur, a thinner ciliary muscle at 125–300 μm from the scleral spur, narrower anterior chamber angles, shallower anterior chambers, and smaller pupils during accommodation and nonaccommodation ( p ’s
Published: 2020
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44. Outcomes after posterior fixation of iris?claw lens in aphakic eyes

Author: Kanthamani, Chirra Reddy Gari Meghana, Sangeetha, and Borra Harish Laxman
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, business.industry, Medical record, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Aphakia, eye diseases, Neuro-ophthalmology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Posterior fixation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lens (anatomy), Ophthalmology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine, Pediatric ophthalmology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Purpose: To analyze and determine the postoperative visual acuity and complications after intraocular implantation of an iris-claw lens in aphakic patients. Setting: Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India. Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Medical records of cataract and aphakic patients who underwent posterior fixation of iris claw lens over a five-year period were reviewed for collection and analysis of data. Results: The study comprised 138 eyes of 57.25% female and 42.75% male with mean age of 62.84 ± 8.649 years. The follow up period was 6 to 24 months. The mean preoperative CDVA was 0.44 + 0.23 logMAR. After 1 year of follow up period the mean postoperative CDVA was 0.3+ 0.15 logMAR which was statistically significant (p Conclusions: This study showed the merits of retrofixated iris claw lens over AC IOL and SF IOL in terms of simple technique, short learning curve, satisfying overall visual outcome, less risk of complications and good safety profile. Keywords: Aphakia, Enclavation, Iris claw, Retrofixation.
Published: 2020
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45. Clinical profile, visual outcome and complications after cataract surgery in patients with lens induced glaucoma

Author: Borra Harish Laxm, Kanthamani Krishnappa, Chirra Reddy Gari Meghana, Sangeetha Jayakumar, and Darshan Sm
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, Visual acuity, genetic structures, business.industry, Glaucoma, After cataract, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Neuro-ophthalmology, Cataracts, Medicine, Pediatric ophthalmology, In patient, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose: To assess the clinical profile of lens-induced glaucoma (LIG), reasons for late presentation, and outcome of medical and surgical management. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 48 eyes with LIG over a 5-year period between 2014 and 2018 at a tertiary care centre in rural Southern India. Type of LIG, symptoms, preoperative and postoperative corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed. Results: Forty-eight eyes of 23(47.9%) males and 25(52.1%) female aged between 50 to 80 years were included in this study. 32(66.7%) cases had presented with phacomorphic glaucoma and 13 (27.1%) with Phacolytic glaucoma who underwent medical and surgical treatment of the same. Mean pre-operative and postoperative IOP was 35.60 ± 5.81 mmHg and 20.417 ± 2.33 respectively. Similarly, the mean preoperative and postoperative CDVA was 1.44 ± 0.76 and 0.34 ± 0.20 respectively which was statistically significant. (P Conclusion: LIG is an important vision-threatening disease occurring in the elderly due delayed treatment of mature cataract. This study shows that it is important to conduct periodic screening of the elderly to identify cataracts and manage it accordingly to prevent irreversible blindness. Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Glaucoma, Phacomorphic, Phacolytic.
Published: 2020
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46. Prognostic significance of nutritional markers in metastatic gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Author: Osvaldo Espin-Garcia, Elena Elimova, Sangeetha N Kalimuthu, Eric Chen, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Marta Honório, Lucy Xiaolu Ma, Savtaj S. Brar, Frances Allison, Reut Anconina, Gail Darling, Jonathan C. Yeung, Chihiro Suzuki, Rebecca Wong, Yvonne Bach, Michael J Allen, Carol Jane Swallow, Raymond Woo-Jun Jang, and Kirsty Taylor
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Cancer Research, Sarcopenia, Time Factors, Esophageal Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, Esophageal adenocarcinoma, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, esophageal cancer, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, Esophageal cancer, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Body Composition, Adenocarcinoma, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Nutritional Status, Antineoplastic Agents, Serum Albumin, Human, malnutrition, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Nutritional risk index, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Muscle, Skeletal, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Chemotherapy, business.industry, gastric cancer, Body Weight, Cancer, Clinical Cancer Research, medicine.disease, Malnutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Nutrition Assessment, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Background Malnutrition and sarcopenia are poor prognostic factors in many cancers. Studies in gastric and esophageal (GE) cancer have focused on curative intent patients. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic utility of malnutrition and sarcopenia in de novo metastatic GE adenocarcinoma. Methods Patients with de novo metastatic GE adenocarcinoma seen at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre from 2010 to 2016 with an available pre‐treatment abdominal computed tomography (CT) were included. Malnutrition was defined as nutritional risk index (NRI), In de novo metastatic gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma patients, ECOG, pre‐treatment nutritional risk index (NRI) and change in NRI during treatment were significant prognostic factors for overall survival while sarcopenia was not. Use of NRI at baseline and during treatment can provide useful prognostic information.
Published: 2020

47. Novel therapeutics in myeloproliferative neoplasms

Author: John Mascarenhas and Sangeetha Venugopal
Subjects: Oncology, Fedratinib, Cancer Research, Ruxolitinib, Pyrrolidines, Oligonucleotides, Review, Disease, PV, Imetelstat, JAK-STAT, Polycythemia vera, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Medicine, Polycythemia Vera, Sulfonamides, Hematology, Myeloid leukemia, lcsh:Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Thrombocythemia, Essential, medicine.drug, Bridged-Ring Compounds, medicine.medical_specialty, Antineoplastic Agents, Pacritinib, CALR vaccine, Cancer Vaccines, lcsh:RC254-282, Internal medicine, Nitriles, Animals, Humans, Myelofibrosis, CALR, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Molecular Biology, Janus Kinases, Myeloproliferative Disorders, business.industry, Essential thrombocythemia, lcsh:RC633-647.5, MF, medicine.disease, Pyrimidines, Primary Myelofibrosis, Pyrazoles, business, ET
Abstract: Hyperactive signaling of the Janus-Associated Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is central to the pathogenesis of Philadelphia-chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), i.e., polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) which are characterized by inherent biological and clinical heterogeneity. Patients with MPNs suffer from substantial symptom burden and curtailed longevity due to thrombohemorrhagic complications or progression to myelofibrosis or acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, the management strategies focus on thrombosis risk mitigation in PV/ET, alleviation of symptom burden and improvement in cytopenias and red blood cell transfusion requirements, and disease course alteration in PMF. The United States Food and Drug Administration’s (USFDA) approval of two JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib, fedratinib) has transformed the therapeutic landscape of MPNs in assuaging the need for frequent therapeutic phlebotomy (PV) and reduction in spleen and symptom burden (PV and PMF). Despite improving biological understanding of these complex clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell neoplasms, none of the currently available therapies appear to modify the proclivity of the disease per se, thereby remaining an urgent unmet clinical need and an ongoing area of intense clinical investigation. This review will highlight the evolving targeted therapeutic agents that are in early- and late-stage MPN clinical development.
Published: 2020

48. SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 PANDEMIC – AN UPDATE

Author: Kuldeep, Dhama, Sah, R., Ruchi, Tiwari, Pandey, M. K., M. I. Yatoo, W. Chaicumpa, Velayuthaprabhu, Shanmugam, Arumugam, V. A., Ramya, Shanmugam, Sangeetha, Thangavelu, Fathah, Z., and Jaideep, Dhama, Ram, Chandra, Malik, Y. S.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Modalities, General Veterinary, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Mortality rate, Public health, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Preparedness, Pandemic, medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Intensive care medicine, business, Coronavirus
Abstract: The coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), set it foots in China during December 2019 as a high-alert public health emergency This malady had thereafter spread rapidly across the globe in more than 215 countries, affecting more than 50 million people and causing the death of nearly 1 3 million as of 9th November, 2020 and resulted in a massive panic, fear, and economic crashes in most of the world A better understanding of the disease, the virus, structural biology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and management can be extrapolated from the literature review of the research up to date In addition, deliberations on animal linkages, spillover and zoonotic implications for exploring the actual origin of the disease and all possible animal-human interfaces, intermediate host;diagnosis for devising specific and sensitive tests of ease, accessibility and affordability;advances in the development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics for prevention and treatment;management of COVID-19 practicable in all countries;application of traditional or regularly used modalities including plant-based products and medicinal herbs against SARS-COV-2;nutritious dietary foods against this disease;and socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 can provide valuable information on these various aspects Most of the research currently focuses on disease, development of a vaccine or therapeutic modalities But the future mortality rate and virulence of virus not only depends on the evolution of the virus, but also on how we develop preventive measures and effective treatment as well as in advance preparedness The present review highlights salient aspects of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19, pathology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, potential treatment, and alternative / supportive therapeutic options © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences All rights reserved
Published: 2020
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49. Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia and response to corticosteroid therapy

Author: Sumita Danda, Sangeetha Yoganathan, Praisy Joy, Sridhar Gibikote, Anitha M Barney, Vrisha Madhuri Walter, Suneetha Susan Cleave Abraham, and Sophy Korula
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Anemia, Anemia, Refractory, MEDLINE, Osteochondrodysplasias, medicine.disease, Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia, Dermatology, Corticosteroid therapy, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Exome Sequencing, Genetics, Humans, Medicine, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Thromboxane-A Synthase, Child, business, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing
Published: 2020
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50. Effect of PDGF-B Gene-Activated Acellular Matrix and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Full Thickness Skin Burn Wound in Rat Model

Author: Divya Mohan, Rashmi, Swapan Kumar Maiti, Naveen Kumar, Sangeetha Palakkara, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, H V Manjunthaachar, and Tamilmahan Paramasivam
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Swine, Angiogenesis, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), 02 engineering and technology, Matrix (biology), Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Acellular Dermis, 030304 developmental biology, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Wound Healing, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Mesenchymal stem cell, Granulation tissue, Cell migration, 020601 biomedical engineering, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Original Article, Stem cell, Burns, Wound healing
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Full thickness burn wounds are lack of angiogenesis, cell migration, epithelialisation and finally scar tissue formation. Tissue engineered composite graft can provide sustained release of growth factor and promote the wound healing by cell migration, early angiogenesis and proliferation of extracellular matrix and wound remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene embedded (pDNA-platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-B) porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix with transfected mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) on healing of full thickness burn wound in rat model. METHODS: Full thickness burn wound of 2 × 2 cm size was created in dorsum of rat model under general anesthesia. Burn wounds were treated with silver sulfadiazine; porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix (PAUBM); PAUBM transfected with pDNA-PDGF-B; PAUBM seeded with rBMSC; PAUBM seeded with rBMSC transfected with pDNA-PDGF-B in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively. The wound healing was assessed based on clinical, macroscopically, immunologically, histopathological and RT-qPCR parameters. RESULTS: Wound was significantly healed in group E and group D with early extracellular matrix deposition, enhanced granulation tissue formation and early angiogenesis compared to all other groups. The immunologic response against porcine acellular matrix showed that PDGF-B gene activated matrix along with stem cell group showed less antibody titer against acellular matrix than other groups in all intervals. PDGF gene activated matrix releasing the PDGF-B and promote the healing of full thickness burn wound with neovascularization and neo tissue formation. PDGF gene also enhances secretion of other growth factors results in PDGF mediated regenerative activities. This was confirmed in RT-qPCR at various time intervals. CONCLUSION: Gene activated matrix encoded for PDGF-B protein transfected stem cells have been clinically proven for early acceleration of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in burn wounds in rat models. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: Evaluation of PDGF-B gene-activated acellular matrix and mesenchymal stem cell in full thickness skin burn wound in rat. [Image: see text]
Published: 2020
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