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The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of vitamin E and coconut oils when used for oil gum massage therapy in periodontitis and compare them to the conventionally used chlorhexidine. Methods: 105 adult male albino rats were divided into 5 groups of 21 rats each: The negative control group (group 1) receiving no intervention, the positive control group (group 2) receiving ligature induced periodontitis without any treatment, the chlorhexidine experimental group (group 3) that received ligature induced periodontitis and chlorhexidine for 10 days, the vitamin E experimental group (group 4) that received ligature induced periodontitis and vitamin E for 10 days. And the coconut oil group (group 5) that received ligature induced periodontitis and coconut oil for 10 days. Groups 2-5 were further divided into subgroups A,B, and C according to day of termination (day 3, 7, &10). After rats were terminated, maxillary molar regions were excised and stained with H&E and Masson’s trichrome stain. Specimens were also examined immunohistochemically for the expression of MMP-1 antigen. Results: Histological and immunohistochemical examination showed an inflammatory reaction with ligature induced periodontitis that decreased gradually from day 3 until day 10. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemical expression of MMP-1 showed decrease over the course of treatment in all experimental groups, chlorhexidine showing the greatest decrease in inflammation and no significant difference between vitamin E and coconut oil. Conclusion: Oil gum therapy using either chlorhexidine, vitamin E, or coconut oil was associated with variable grades of statistically significant reduction of inflammation.

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic serious health problem which characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Exogenous insulin administration is needed for type I DM management. Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) provide cell based approach for DM treatment. Objectives. to explore the effectiveness of BM-MSCs versus insulin on circumvallate and foliate papillae of diabetic rats. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 56 male albino rats that were divided into 4 groups: Control group (Gp 1): rats received no drug. Diabetic group (Gp 2): rats received a single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (40mg/kg). BM-MSCs treated diabetic group (Gp 3): After diabetes confirmation; rats were given a single intravenous injection of PKH26 labeled BM-MSCs (million units) through tail vein. Insulin treated diabetic group (Gp 4): After diabetes confirmation; rats received subcutaneous injection of insulin (5IU/kg/day). After 4 weeks, half of the tongue specimens were processed and stained by Hematoxyline & Eosin, then examined by light microscope. While the other half were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results. Circumvallate and foliate papillae of Gp 2 showed significant histological and morphological alterations. While in Gp 3 and 4, the papillae showed noticeable improvements, being more obvious in insulin treated one. Moreover, in Gp 3 and 4, there was a significant increase in body weight in comparison to Gp 2. Conclusions. BM-MSCs administration could help in reducing the damaging effects of DM on circumvallate and foliate papillae. Insulin therapy caused more efficient improvements in diabetic rats than BM-MSCs.

Introduction: Plaque induced periodontitis is the second most common oral disease worldwide after dental caries. Documents from animal experiments proved that NSAIDs can reduce the inflammation and the rate of resorption of alveolar bone thus, stabilize the periodontal condition. In the last 10 years, diode laser also has been highly recommended as a treatment modality for periodontal inflammatory diseases due to its anti-inflammatory effect, ability to accelerate the healing process and its pain reduction ability. Materials and Methods: 84 albino rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I is the negative control group which did not subjected to any procedure, group II is the positive control group which is subjected to ligature induced periodontitis but did not take any treatment, group III is the diode laser group which is subjected to ligature induced periodontitis and treated by diode laser irradiation after removal of the ligature and group IV is the ibuprofen group which is subjected to ligature induced periodontitis and treated by ibuprofen syrup for 4 days after removal of the ligature. Results: inflammatory cell count was measured in all specimens stained by H&E and area fraction was measured in all specimens stained by MMP-1 immuno histochemical marker. Total amount of inflammatory cells and MMP-1 decreased by time with a significant difference between treatment groups and positive control group. Conclusion: Diode laser irradiation showed greater and faster reduction in inflammation than ibuprofen.

Background: Cisplatin is a potent anti-carcinogenic agent; however, it has many dose-limiting side effects. The aim of our study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a treatment modality against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in the submandibular glands of Albino rats.Methods: Thirty-eight adult male albino rats, were used in the present study. Ten rats were used as a source of PRP, and the rest were included in the experimental design as follows: negative control group, cisplatin group (positive control) received (5mg/kg/week) cisplatin intraperitoneal on day 1 and 8. ADSCs group received ADSCs (2 × 10˄6 cells/rat) once intravenous via tail vein + cisplatin. PRP group received PRP (0.5 mL/kg by intraperitoneal injection 3times/week) + cisplatin.Results: Both ADSCs and PRP enhanced the regeneration of submandibular salivary gland tissue after the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity; represented by significant increase in area fraction of acini, percentage of hemolysis as well as significant decrease in area fraction of apoptotic cells in both groups compared to cisplatin group respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding all comparative parameters used in this study. In addition, there was a non-significant difference in the area fraction of apoptotic cells between PRP group and the control group, but we detected a significant difference between ADSCs group and the control group regarding the same parameter.Conclusions: Both adipose-derived stem cells and Platelet rich plasma are considered as effective treatment for cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in submandibular salivary glands. However, PRP is recommended over ADSCs as a potent and effective treatment due to its safety, easy accessibility and proved treatment effect.

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is well known to be associated with several oral complications. Thus, this study investigated the effect of diabetes on the cementum-periodontal interface by light and scanning electron microscopy. Methodology: This investigation was carried out on twenty eight male albino rats weighing from 200 to 220 gm; rats were divided into two groups: group I (control): fourteen animals received intraperitoneal single dose of 1 ml Citrate buffer, group II (diabetic): fourteen animals that were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal single dose of streptozotocin 40 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 1 ml Citrate buffer and sacrificed 3 weeks after detection of diabetes. Plasma glucose level >300 mg/dl confirmed diabetes after 3 days. Half of lower jaws specimens were processed for H&E examination by light microscopy of cementum-periodontal interface. From the other half of specimens; extracted mandibular first molars were examined by SEM for changes of cementum surfaces. Results: Comparing to control group, diabetic rats showed periodontal fibers disorganization and degeneration with loss of Sharpey's fibers attachments. Increased cementoid, resorptive areas of both cementum surface and alveolar bone were evident in addition to the alterations of bone trabeculae. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus was associated with variable deleterious effects on periodontium. The histological and scanning electron microscopy changes were most obviously on PDL and least on cementum. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Cementum, Rat, Alveolar bone, Periodontal ligament, Streptozotocin

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. DM affects many body’s organs and caused by insulin production deficiency or by the ineffectiveness of the produced insulin. Administration of exogenous insulin is required for management of type I DM; however, it does not cure the disease. Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been highlighted to offer a novel cell based approach for treatment of diabetes because of their anti-diabetic effect, direct differentiation into a variety of cell types, or release of paracrine factors. Aim To examine the effect of BM-MSCs versus insulin on true filiform and fungiform papillae of diabetic rats. Materials and methods Fifty six male Wistar albino rats weighing 200–250 g were equally divided into: Control group (Gp I): Rats did not receive any drug. Diabetic group (Gp II): Rats received a single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). BM-MSCs treated diabetic group (Gp III): After DM confirmation; rats received a single intravenous injection of BM-MSCs (million units) through tail vein. Insulin treated diabetic group (Gp IV): After DM confirmation; rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of insulin (5IU/kg). After four weeks, half of the tongue specimens were processed and stained by Hematoxyline & Eosin and Anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Anti-PCNA) then examined by light microscope. Fluorescent microscope was used to detect homing of injected labeled BM-MSCs in rats’ filiform and fungiform papillae. While the other half were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results True filiform and fungiform papillae of Gp II showed significant histological and morphological alterations. In treated groups, Gp III and Gp IV, both papillae showed marked improvements, being more noticeable in Gp IV. There was a significant increase in the number of Anti-PCNA positive cells and a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level in Gp III and Gp IV in comparison to Gp II. Conclusions DM had degenerative effects on true filiform and fungiform papillae. Administration of BM-MSCs reduced the deleterious effects of DM on both papillae. Insulin injection caused more obvious improvements in both papillae of diabetic rats than BM-MSCs.