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Background With increased survival in breast cancer, resulting from advances in treatment, patients incur the possibility of subsequent primary malignancies, especially lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of CT-detected pulmonary ground-glass nodules and lung cancer following breast cancer diagnosis, the associations between breast cancer and lung cancer, the pathological features of double primary cancer, and the status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in second primary lung cancer. Methods Clinical data from more than 8000 individuals who were diagnosed with primary breast cancer at Jiangsu Province Hospital (Jiangsu, China) between January 2008 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 8048 patients, 55 (0.7%) were diagnosed with a second primary lung cancer, which accounted for approximately 14.8% of the pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO) detected. The incidence was higher than in the general female population (standardized incidence ratio 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–1.55]). Patients who experienced a second primary lung cancer exhibited a significantly higher rate of EGFR mutation (78.5%) than those with lung adenocarcinoma alone, with most exhibiting low-grade malignancy, older age, estrogen receptor negativity, low Ki67, and no lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Breast cancer patients, especially those with low-grade malignancy, were at high risk for developing primary lung cancer. For isolated GGO in patients with high-risk factors, clinicians should insist on close follow-up. Furthermore, EGFR may play an important role in primary lung adenocarcinomas and breast cancer.

Since the 1970s, mobile communication has evolved from analog voice communication to a technology that can provide high-quality mobile broadband services today. The data rate of end users has reached several megabits per second, and the user experience has been continuously improved. In addition, with the increase of new mobile devices, the continuous growth of communication services and the continuous increase of network traffic, the existing wireless technology can no longer meet the needs of future communications. The 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) came into being, and its technological development is still in the exploratory stage. This article discusses the key technologies of 5G, massive MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) and NOMA (Non-orthogonal multiple access), briefly introduces their principles, and analyzes the advantages and potential research directions. Finally, this article looks forward to the development trend of 5G technology.

Background: We performed this meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) expression on the overall survival (OS) rate of cancers. Methods: We searched for relevant available literatures on miR-210 and cancer until November 1st, 2016 on the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct database. We calculated the pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS, which compared the high and low expression levels of miR-210 in patients of the available studies. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the specific role of miR-210 in ethnicity and the type of cancers. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg funnel plots and Egger regression test. Results: Overall, 19 studies were involved in this meta-analysis. The result indicated that upregulated miR-210 might be associated with poor OS outcome in various carcinomas, with the pooled HR of 1.80 (95% CI: 1.29–2.51). When stratified by disease, significant results were detected in breast cancer (HR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.24–5.76) and glioma (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.32–4.43). Besides, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant results were detected only in Asian populations (HR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.37–3.34). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that high expressed miR-210 is significantly associated with OS in cancer patients, which has the potential to be a prognostic marker in cancers.