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Liver is considered to be one of the most vital organs that functions as a centre of metabolism and excretion of waste metabolites. A number of risk factors predispose an individual to hepatic injury and thus liver diseases. Total death worldwide due to liver diseases raised by 50 million per year over two decades, according first ever WHO Study of Liver Disease Mortality. In recent years Indian Traditional Medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani have gained importance and popularity because of their safety and efficacy in liver diseases. Several Ayurvedic proprietary liver preparations are being extensively used in Ayurveda for the management of liver diseases. About 600 commercial herbal formulations with claimed hepato protective activity are being sold all over the world. In India more than 93 medicinal plants are used in different combinations in the preparation of 40 patented herbal formulations in the form of liquid and tablet. But very little is known when and how these formulations are to be used in present practice. Out of this easily available most commonly used liver preparations Adliv, Amlicure DS, Arkaliv, Ayuliv, Hepjaun, Kamilari, Kamilari plus, Liv Aid, Livercure, Livergen, Liv 52, Livobell, Livokin, Livomyn, Livpar, Nirocil, Stimuliv, Strongliv, Terfoliv and Vasuliv are taken for the study. These preparations are classified on various basis like available market form, Herbo-Herbomineral preparations etc. Kutaki is most commonly used single drug in maximum number of preparations followed by Bhringraj, Bhui Aamalaki, and Kalmegh. Individual drugs of the preparations are studied according to Rasa, Virya and Vipaka. Uses of individual drugs as well as of liver preparations are also studied in relations with liver diseases. Present study will definitely give a clue for standard herbal formulations based on physiopathology of liver disease which is a need of a day Keywords: Liver, Hepato protective, Herbal, Formulations.

SARS- COV-2 a RNA virus which produce a serious ill-effects and brings the world under a common word Lockdown. Thus lockdown brings down the rate of spreading of cases, but severity of the illness is managed by combined therapy both Modern and Traditional system of medicine (Siddha, Ayurveda, Homeopathy). Immune boosting herbs is need of the hour in this pandemic situation. Immune boosters improves overall immunity of the host through cellular and humoral immunity. During Dengue pandemic situation a polyhebral preparation Nilavembu kudineer- siddha sastric medicine and Carica papaya leaf extract highly works. During this pandemic covid situation Tulsi, Lemon, Arathai and siddha sastric medicine kabasura kudineer works in prevention, mild and moderate cases. There is a growing interest to the herbal medicine to modulate the complex immune system in preventing infections. The aim of the review is to give hope and to boost the research in herbal medicines during this pandemic situation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find the utilization pattern of Indian traditional medicine systems among the cancer patients. Study Design: The present study is an observation cross-section design and conducted among the patients visiting in a hospital practicing Indian Traditional Medicine system from January2019 – December 2019. Methodology: 379 cancer patients were participated in this study and required information were collected using a descriptive semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The result implies that ITMS is widespread in cancer patients with 86.28% treating with selected form of ITS. A mixed group of 341 remedy was recognized and practiced. Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Unani as well as Yoga and nutrition was the very frequently prescribed ITMS remedies. Herbal medicine use tripled from use prior to detection of cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that the usage patterns of the ITMS patients were belong to the adult populations and female. The source of information was mainly from friends/ family and the media, while directions from allopathic doctors and nurses were very negligible in giving ITMS related suggestions. 82.06% of patients used ITMS in order to improve the immunity to fight against cancer and/ or increase physical well-being. 88.92% of patients have gained from ITMS. 10.03% of patients reported minor side effects. Conclusion: From the findings of the present, that the healthcare professionals can investigate the use of ITMS with cancer patients. The patients have shown strong attraction towards the ITM system due to less side effects and comparatively treatment cost is less though the efficacy and safety are yet to be explored many therapy regimens. The patients can be counselled regarding its potential benefits of ITMS remedies with the restricted existing effectiveness and for the improvement of patients.

This is to report 2 cases experiencing action of indigenous medicine in controlling Covid-19 symptoms in the home setting, without any requirement of hospitalization. Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a viral disease by novel coronavirus, impacted 220 countries. Although, numerous attempts have been made for the management and treatment of Covid-19 with various drugs, traditional Ayurveda and Siddha has been widely reported to be effective in treating viral diseases through altering innate adaptive immune response and inhibition of virus attachment to body cells. It is found to inhibit attachment of virus to human cell, hence reducing viral load induced cytokine storm, inflammatory over reactions in the body of patients and inhibition of community spread. The experience of 2 cases reported here showed how senior citizens with various co-morbidities recovered from covid 19 and remained healthy without sequelae or side effects even after 6 months of follow-up. These observations are vital clues for a large population-based study and ongoing clinical trials. Mechanism of action of Sidha and Ayurvedic medicines like Kabasura Kudineer, Sitopladi, Triphala are well published and highly recommended for affecting viral entry and immune regulatory pathways. With no side effects, secondary infections and action, these regimens pave the ways for safe and effective cure for Covid-19.

Breast cancer is one of the top-ranked cancers affecting women in the world. Although there are approved standard regimens for treatment, due to toxicological side effects, there is a demand for novel anti-cancer drugs with minimal adverse effects leading to the emergence of Indian Systems of Medicine. Natural treatment modalities such as Siddha, Ayurveda and Unani are emerging and have been given gaining importance in recent times. They have been in vogue for centuries together and have shown better prognosis over a period of time with lesser toxicity and admiring oncological results. The presentation is an evidence-based report on the cure of breast cancer using Siddha chemotherapeutic formulations.

Garbhini paricharya is advised for preventing harm to mother and fetus, to attain full fetal maturity and for normal uneventful labour. By keeping this goal in mind the Upakrama of Niruha basti and Anuvasana basti was selected. 100 patients were selected for this study and divided into two groups. In Control Group, there are 50 patients with Standard management (iron+ calcium) with routine diet during pregnancy. In Trial Group, there are 50 patients with Standard management (iron+ calcium) along with Garbhini paricharya. The clinical study was done for evaluation of efficacy of antenatal management in Ayurveda during 8th & 9th month of pregnancy. Bala taila is highly effective to bring about spontaneous labour onset at optimal time. Duration of labour was reduced by Bala siddha taila basti due to its regulation of Prasuti Marut. Maternal and foetal complications during ante natal and post natal period are reduced due to Bala siddha taila Anuvasan basti, Niruha basti and due to high quality nutritive supplementation (Mudga & Masha Yavagu). Maternal as well as fetal weight gain was good due to high quality nutritive supplementation as described in Ayurvedic texts, and it provides optimal nutrition of mother and fetus. The Ayurvedic regimen has promise of providing the optimal and balanced nutrition by using quality ingredients.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic prevented people from accessing medical care in person; in such a scenario, telemedicine emerged as a boon. Telemedicine helped to increase the availability of homoeopathy during the pandemic. The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) formulated guidelines to enable registered homoeopathic practitioners (RHPs) to safely provide healthcare using telemedicine. In this study, we demonstrated the scope of telemedicine in homoeopathic practice by incorporating Hahnemannian principles in a case-based learning (CBL) module. Materials and Methods: A retrospective purposive study was conducted on 10 acute cases that were treated with homoeopathy through telemedicine during the COVID-19 lockdown. Patient-physician communications were analysed using Hahnemannian principles. Cases were assessed based on telecommunication application, type of consent, symptoms, signs, nosological provisional diagnosis, risk assessment, comorbidity, miasm and susceptibility status, totality of symptoms, repetition strategy and type of consult. Therapeutic management included building a logical framework of the case and auxiliary counselling. Patients were followed up to determine their health status. Results: All 10 cases were successfully treated with homoeopathy using AYUSH Telemedicine Practice Guidelines (ATPG) and incorporating Hahnemannian principles. Tele-homoeopathy was found to be effective in the pandemic by preventing disease spread and progression from mild to severe stage. Conclusion: Adhering to the ATPG and incorporating Hahnemannian principles can be effectively demonstrated through CBL modules; these enable RHPs to develop rational thinking and learn from clinical experiences.

Siddha medicines include 32 types of internal medicines and 32 types of external applications. Herbal drugs are given in the forms like choornam (powder), ilagam, Mathirai (tablets), thylam (oil) and mineral preparations in the form of parpam (white calcinated powder), chendooram (red in color) etc. The siddha formulation ‘Raasa amirthathy chooranam’ is a polyherbal formulation consists of 21 herbal ingredients. According to siddha literature, the ingredients in this formulation have therapeutic effects on Uzhzhurukki can be correlated with tuberculosis in modern medical science. Present review focuses on the composition, traditional uses of the Siddha sashtric polyherbal formulation “Raasa amirthathy chooranam” along with the scientific analysis of its pharmacological action. The current review provides a background for the various pharmacological actions of the ingredients of the formulation. Analyzing various research articles, the ingredients of this formulation possesses Anti tuberculosis, Anti microbial, Hepato protective, Anti inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immuno modulatory activity which will improve the symptoms of illness as well as prevent the complications of disease. This review explains the phyto constituents and pharmacological actions of each ingredients of Raasa amirthathy chooranam that has been mentioned in Vaiththiya Saarasangirakam, 1968, Page No 433 classical siddha literature. Key words: Raasa amirthathy chooranam, tuberculosis, polyherbal formulation.

Sushruta explained about Guda-Roga, i.e. Ano Rectal Disease in Shalya Tantra. It includes no. of disease out of them one is Parikartika," i.e. Fissure – in – Ano. Lifestyle diseases are mainly caused by improper work pattern, stressful life, improper diet intake and improper sleep habits. These causative factors produce indigestion which leads to various lifestyle disorders, specially anorectal disorders like piles, fissure in ano, fistula in ano etc., constitute a significant group. Priyangvaadi Gana siddha tail in the management of Parikartika. The present study is designed as a Randomized, single-blind parallel in which 60 patients will be enrolled. Priyangvaadi Gana Siddha Taila Pichu and Yastimadhu tail Pichu will be given for basti twice a day. Assessment will be done 0th, 7th day, 14thday, and 28th day. The changes are expected to be observed in subjective parameters such as pain bleeding per rectum with itching as well as with objective parameters such as Parikartika Healing. The study is expecting the nonsurgical management of fissure in ano with respect to the impact of Priyangvaadi Gana Siddha tail pichu and Yastimadhu tail Pichu. The research is expecting to be a baseline and benchmark of the prospective studies in Acute Fissure in ano (Parikartika).

Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

A 60 year married female from Chennai presented with pain and restricted abduction, adduction, external rotation and flexion of right shoulder both in active and passive movements for 2 months. She was diagnosed to be affected by adhesive capsulitis which is equated to Kumbavatham, one of the vatha diseases mentioned in Siddha system of medicine. She was treated with Siddha Varmam therapy and thokkanam with Vathakesari thylam. After 15 days of hospital stay the patient was discharged and was followed for 6 months. There were no adverse reactions/events observed during the course of treatment. The combination therapy has provided the reduction in pain and restricted movements which was measured using goniometer and SPADI index.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the hepatoprotective nature of Siddha formulation manjal noi kudineer (MNK) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Zebrafish Danio rerio model. Methods: Pharmacological studies were carried out in the adult zebra fish model in the category of four groups; each individual group contained ten animals. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were considered as control groups, disease control groups, and drug treated groups at different concentrations, respectively. Histopathological analysis was recorded. Results: The observed research findings were confirmed that this novel Siddha formulation MNK possess potent hepatoprotective effect at the both dose level of 250 mg/l–500 mg/l against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish. Conclusion: Siddha medicinal formulation has been in practice for more than 1000 years. Liver diseases are the highly prevalent one among all the diseases. Although huge drugs are available for liver diseases, there is a need for cost effectiveness drugs without any adverse effect. From the study, it was concluded that the drug MNK has promising hepatoprotective activity in dose-dependent manners and restores the basic liver architecture by means of its rejuvenating potential against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish model. We can strongly suggest that the Sastric Siddha drug MNK to treat various kinds of liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. This research work may be highly beneficial to the people who suffered from various liver diseases if the drug will be given clinically.

Siddha system of medicine is a distinct therapeutic science with many single drugs and compound formulations used for treating a broad spectrum of ailments Siddha categorizes the fever manifested by viral infestation into 64 types and it has developed medicines for each type Kapacurak / Kabasurak Kutinir (KK) described in the Citta Vaittiyattirattu is the best promising polyherbal formulation of plant origin for curing viral infections especially with flu-like symptoms As per Siddha system of medicine Kapacuram is defined as a fever with upper and lower respiratory catarrh KK is one of the medicines advised for prevention of Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in India by Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India KK also emerged to be a popular traditional medicine for swine flu as well The current review recapitulates active phytochemicals of all the 15 herbal drug ingredients in KK with the aim to provide it support for usage in flu-like viral infections spreading over the world in the scenario of having no modern medicines Interestingly, out of 15 herbal ingredients in KK, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Andrographis paniculata whole plant, Syzygium aromaticum flower bud, Cyperus rotundus tuber, Sida acuta roots and Saussurea costus root have been proved to exhibit antiviral activities All the ingredients have been proved to possess antinflammatory activities Three proved to have antipyretic potential and five each proved to possess analgesic and immunomodulatory activities There are ingredients with antiasthmatic and antispasmodic supporting its use in respiratory illnesses such as that caused by COVID-19 The study supports the usage of KK as a traditional Siddha medicine against respiratory illnesses with flu-like symptoms characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 © 2021, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India All rights reserved

Indian traditional system of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and folk medicines are widely accepted globally due to their effectiveness with fewer side effects in comparison to other modern systems of medicine. Herbal plants are widely used in India by rural and urban peoples for treatment of different diseases. These herbal plants may serve as renoprotective in different clinical condition like drug-induced nephrotoxicity, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease, etc. This paper gives information related to dose dependent nephroprotection of selected medicinal plants in drug induced nephrotoxicity animal model. These plants are showing nephroprotection due to their chemical constituents, which are present in different parts of the plant. The chemical constituent of these plants may serve as novel compounds for development of new cost-effective medicine with fewer side effects for all aged renal patients.

Introduction: Healthy human body needs iron for multiple process during development. Several diseases are associated with iron deficiency and increased demands also may lead to iron deficiency. Many diseases have been addressed by siddha system of medicine like syphilis, respiratory diseases, carcinoma etc and there has been mention of usage of metals, mineral, arsenics and hydrochemicals constituting about 220 types which are used for preparing medicines. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Annabedi Chendhuram (Siddha) and Elemental iron (Allopathy) in the treatment of Iron deficiency anaemia to achieve normal function of it. Iron preparations are commonly used to improve hemoglobin content of blood. ‘Vaithya Sastram’ explained elaborately the diet for Pandu (anaemia). Materials and Methods: Cross sectional multicentric Prospective randomized study is conducted in Arupadai Veedu Medical College, Kirumampakkam, Pondy to cuddalore ECR Main Road, Puducherry and IRT-Perundurai Medical College Erode, District for 45 days using two different oral iron preparation Siddha drug: Annabedi Chendhuram 100mg twice daily orally – after food. Alopathy drug. Result and Discussion: Among the patients of group I, hemoglobin level increases 2-3 grams% in 15 patients, 3 to 4 grams % in 7 patients, 1 gram % in 3 patients after 45 days of treatment. Among the patients of group II, hemoglobin level increases 2 grams % in 12 patients, 1 to 2 grams % in 6 patients, 1 gram % in 2 patients after 45 days of treatment. Out of treated patients in group I, 6 patients had nausea only. Out of treated patients in group II, 2 patients had constipation only. Conclusion: Annabedi Chendhuram (siddha) and Elemental iron (allopathy) both are equally effective but in terms of side effect siddha was slightly better further need to conduct a large sample study for better understanding Keywords: Annabedi Chendhuram, Elemental iron, Anemia.

A case of Uthiravathasronitham (Rheumatoid arthritis) had been treated with a classical Siddha preparation Rasa chenduram (100mg) along with Thirikadugu choornam (1 gm) for 3 weeks and with Pinda thailam as an external application. The patient condition has been assessed by a validated simplified disease activity measurement tool for Rheumatoid arthritis by Disease activity score (DAS) with 28 joints and formula using Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as recommended by EULAR (European League against rheumatism) criteria. The functional status of the patient was evaluated by administering the Health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) and Visual analog scale (VAS) score before and after treatment. The treatment yielded moderate improvement in the patient’s health condition.

Background: The world is fulfilled by various medicinal plants which are widely have been used in treatment of various diseases since ancient time. Medicinal plants still play an important role in emerging and developing countries. Herbs are staging a comeback and herbal ‘renaissance’ is happening all over the globe. The herbal products today symbolize safety in contrast to the synthetics that are regarded as unsafe to human and environment. Although herbs had been priced for their medicinal, flavoring and aromatic qualities. In this research, sittamatti (Sida cordifolia) has been reported to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities as well as hepato-protective activity. Traditionally the plant Sida cordifolia (Linn) has been used as CNS depressant, fat lose, analgesics, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, hepato protective. Presence of ephedrine has highlighted the utility of this plant. various Ayurvedic preparation of this plant used in asthma diseases, etc. Methods: This plant spread in Mullaitivu commonly therefore utilize that as Cough decoction. First authentication of plant with experts from University of Jaffna and collecting, washing, drying and grinded for decoction preparation size. Then packing and labeling and distribute to selected 60 research samples of two groups to clinical trial and collected data through questionnaire and result analyzing in statistical way. Result: Group-I & Group-II 1st Week (AFTER treatment) level of the samples. The test is significant at 0.0001 (adjusted for ties) Comparing the HT (Group-I), Research Decoction (Group-II) was shown Significant (p

Outbreak of “Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2)” infection took place in “Wuhan, Hubei Province, China” in December 2019, which spread across all over the Globe. WHO officially termed the disease caused by the new Coronavirus as “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)” on 12 February 2020. Being viral disease, at present no specific treatment or vaccines approved for COVID-19. Social distancing and practicing healthy lifestyle to boost immunity are the best possible options to deal with it. Though there is progress in Medical science regarding immunization and development of medicine, there is lack of vaccines for prevention of many viruses and effective antiviral medicines. India’s Ministry of traditional medicine or AYUSH (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy) issued “Advisory” advocating preventive measures against the viral infection on 29 January 2020. There is severe criticism to “Advisory of AYUSH Ministry” from Indian Medical experts across the Nation for making such declaration in this global health crisis. The traditional healthcare system of the Nation offers supporting lifestyle for immunity enhancement which aids in keeping away from different kinds of infectious ailments. In recently occurred Corona epidemic it has been noted that it mainly affects the Respiratory system. AYUSH Ministry issued “The Advisory” to enhance defensive mechanism of the body for prevention of disease and not declared it as a curative measure for the Corona virus disease. This review focuses on the efficacy of the measures recommended by AYUSH Ministry on the basis of literature and researches available on them.

Background Traditional Siddha Medicine advises using metal-based formulations to treat cancers. In the case of any toxicities during the therapy, Siddha physicians use Vernonia cinerea (VC) whole plant kashayam (crude aqueous extract-CAE) to reverse the toxic effects. Aim To evaluate the nephroprotective activity of CAE and its fractions in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to assess whether they compromise the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. Materials and methods Cisplatin-induced renal damage was induced in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice during mild phase of tumor growth. CAE and its butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions were administered orally from the 5th day for five days. Nephroprotective potential (serum urea, creatinine, renal histology) and effect of VC on cisplatin anticancer efficacy (tumor volume, viable tumor cells, percentage increase in life span (% ILS)) were calculated. Result CAE and its fractions significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced renal damage. CAE and BF treated animals showed regeneration of 50%–75% of proximal tubular cells. Compared to EAC control mice, the % ILS of the cisplatin-treated group was 244% and it was further extended to 379% after CAE administration. The % ILS in the CAE treated group was 1.6 times higher than the cisplatin alone treated group. GC-MS study showed the presence of astaxanthin and betulin. Conclusion CAE of VC reverses cisplatin-induced kidney damage as well as regenerates proximal tubular epithelial cells, without compromising the anticancer effect of cisplatin. When CAE was further fractionated, the nephroprotective activity was retained, but the beneficial anticancer effect of cisplatin was compromised., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights of the findings and novelties • Vernonia cinerea (VC) significantly reverses cisplatin-induced kidney damage. • VC regenerates the damaged proximal tubular epithelial cells. • VC did not compromise the anticancer beneficial effect of cisplatin. • Fractionation of VC lead to compromising of cisplatin anticancer effect. • Astaxanthin and betulin present in VC could be resposible for its nephroprotective effect.

The arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by Pain, edema and stiffness of the joints. Chronic stages of arthritis causes swelling in and around the affected joints. The Siddha herbal medicines are becoming familiar as they possess less adverse effects. Plenty of antiinflammatory herbs are described in Siddha system of medicine. The plant, bacopa monnieri maintains its original place in the management of various diseases, including arthritis, and acts as anti-inflammatory drug. Hardly a few studies are available to prove the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of Bacopa monnieri. In ancient Siddha literature Bacopa has been highlighted for its antiarthritic properties especially prescribed to reduce the swelling caused by increased synovial effusion. The current study is aimed to assess the antiarthritic and anti inflammatory properties of Bacopa (Brahmi) paste on swollen arthritic joints. A male patient aged 70 was selected from IPD, Pothu maruthuvam department, Sri Sairam Siddha Medical College & Research Center, Chennai -44. Bacopa Paste applied over swollen arthritic ankle joints showed good progress in very few days of treatment.

The present review mainly focuses on the morphological and pharmacological activities of the Adhatoda vasica belonging to the family Acanthaceae, which is commonly referred to as Adosa or Adsogi. It also focuses on the evidence based therapeutic uses of A.vasica in various experimental models. This plant is found in all the ecosystem in India and other parts of the world as well. Because of its greater availability and multitude of pharmacological activities, the plant is being used in the treatment of numerous diseases. Extracts of various parts of the plants such as bark, root, leaf, flower, fruit and many a times, the whole plants are used in the management of pain, inflammation, asthma, cold, cough, diabetes, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery and other upper respiratory diseases and it is also used to heal wounds; is utilised as an insecticide, and also used as abortifacient. In asthma and acute stages of bronchitis, the extract of vasica offers an unflagging result by decreasing the thickness of the sputum. Because of the above mentioned reasons the plant has greater importance in the various systems of medicines such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. According to the texts, the plant has greater power on asthma, abortifacient and uterotonic. Numerous trials have been conducted to prove the effects of A.vasica on asthma which led to its inclusion in WHO manual. According to the present day studies the alkaloids such as vasicinone, vasicine, and oxyvasicine which are present in A.vasica are responsible for most of the activities. But extensive studies need to be conducted to understand the constituent responsible for abortifacient and uterotonic activity.

Siddha system of medicine is the eternal science of life. It is a system that has its extensive bonding with Dravidian culture, language and beliefs. The system of medicine mostly prevailed and prospered in the regions of Dravidian cultures by the great Siddhars. It’s unique as one only than other AYUSH traditional systems of medicine across India with its distinctive abundant usage of medicinal plants, metals, minerals and animal products. Siddhars used the steps of Alchemy to prepare various medicines from metallic and mineral origin for attainment elixir and various rare diseases. Siddha medicine is classified into 32 types of internal and external medicine each. Among the 32 types of internal medicine Chendhuram is a medicine shelf life of 75 years usually from herbo-mineral combinations. Arumuga Chendhuram (ARC) is a herbo-mineral formulation cited in Siddha literature ‘Siddha Vaithiya Thirattu’. ARC was orally administered at higher dose 2gm/kg to the Wistar Albino rats in acute toxicity study and during 28 days of repeated (sub acute) toxicity study, at daily doses of 12, 24 & 48mg/kg of body weight to the Wistar Albino rats. Type II collagen arthritis is another model for developing autoimmune arthritis. The immune pathogenesis mediated by T cell and B cell response to collagen. By this model, nearly 100% arthritis can be achieved. In our study, ARC after 42 days treatment reduced the arthritic swelling significantly and degree of inflammation evident to act against auto immune disorder.

Indian traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha etc were ancient and were originated before 3000 years. They had been effective in treating diseases using herbs nad natural products. They incorporated potent medicines of natural origin and created formulations that were significantly effective compared to synthetic drugs. They had been some game changers and drugs of choice in specific diseases like hepatitis, jaundice and few other renal and heart related diseases. But the major issue with the herbal formulations here being the lack of activity of very drastic changes in the activity which doesn’t correlate with the invitro results when used invivo. This might be due to various reasons few may be corresponding to the Pharmacodynamics of the human body. Doctor’s Herbal solutions was a Govt approved company which makes herbal formulations and had developed good quality of herbal products to treat a wide spectrum of diseases. All the products of the company are AYUSH approved and one of those products is LIVAFIT. They claim that the product is used to treat conditions like hepatic cirrhosis, jaundice, alccol induced hepatic damage etc. The doctor’s LIVAFIT was investigated for the antioxidant activity in vivo and the results showed that the anti-oxidant activity was responsible for the hepatoprotective activity. The formulation also replaced and normalized the enzyme levels.

The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) was originated from Wuhan, China. Afterwards, COVID-19 outbreak was declared as a Public Health Emer-gency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Now, around two and a half million people are suffering and several thousand are dead worldwide due to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus. Unfortunately, no standard medicine or vaccine is available to treat the dis-ease. The major clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, chills, cough, fatigue, respiratory symptoms, diarrhoea, and shortness of breath. Clinical symptom-based Indian traditional medicinal practices like Ayurveda and Siddha could be beneficial to treat and prevent the infection. Indian origin traditional medicinal plant Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been reported to have antiviral potential against bovine herpes virus type-1, poliovirus type 1, duck plague virus, dengue virus type-2, newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, avian influenza virus, and group B coxsackievirus. Neem is widely used as Ayurvedic medicine to treat fever, cough, asthma, and diarrhoea, which are also reported as the common clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Neem is reported to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immune response dur-ing viral infection. Multidimensional antiviral therapeutic potentials of Neem insist on hypothesizing its probable application to control COVID-19 along with modern medicinal practices. But, a series of experimental database and translational research is required to establish the hypothesis.

Skin is the largest organ of human body. Its size and external location makes it susceptible to various disorders. Skin diseases are mostly caused by infections like bacteria, fungi etc. All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been classified under the broad heading of ‘Kushta’ which are further classified into Mahakushta and Kshudrakushta. Dadru is one amongst them. It is Raktapradoshaja vyadhi having kapha, pitta dominance. Due to similarity of all symptoms Dadru can be very well correlated with Tinea corporis which is a fungal infection especially caused due to poor hygienic conditions. In Ayurveda Shodhan and Shaman chikitsa is mainly indicated in Kushtha. A 50 yrs old female came with complaints of round and reddish patches over abdominal region with severe itching for 20 days. She was treated with Arogyavardhini vati, Gandhak rasayan, Gomutra siddha haritaki internally and Karanj oil and S-kin powder externally for 14 days. After completion of treatment, significant improvement was observed in the parameters like Kandu (itching), Raaga (Erythema), Pidika (eruptions) and Utsaana mandala (elevated circular skin lesion). In Samhita repeated shodhana is indicated in Kushtha hence nityavirechana in the form of Gomutra siddha haritaki was given. Arogyavardhini vati, Gandhak rasayan, Karanj oil and S-kin powder having Kushtaghna, Kandughana and Krumighna properties help in elimination of aggravated doshaja thus breaks the samprapti of the vyadhi. From this case study it can be concluded that Ayurvedic formulations are effective in the management of Dadru kushta.

Background:Psoriasis is a genetically predisposed autoimmune disease mediated by cytokines released by the activated immune cells. It manifests inflammatory, scaly red or white silvery flaky skin which may be a fluid-filled lesion with soreness and itchiness. The prevalence rate of psoriasis is increasing day by day. Despite having such a high prevalence rate, the treatment of psoriasis is still limited. Hence, there is a need to rethink the various treatment strategies available in the allopathic as well as in the alternative systems of medicine.Methods:Various bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed research papers were explored and systematic data culminated in terms of various treatment strategies used for the management of psoriasis. The prime focus is given towards modern as well as alternative systems of medicine such as phototherapy, a combination of phototherapy with pharmacotherapy such as Ayurveda, Yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy to treat psoriasis.Results:A comprehensive review of 161 papers, including both research and review articles, was carried out to make the article readily understandable. The pathogenesis including inflammatory mediators and type of psoriasis is discussed before the treatment strategies to understand the pathophysiology of the disease. The uniqueness, procedure, advantages, and limitations of conventional, advanced, and traditional systems of medicine to treat psoriasis are discussed in detail. Emphasis has also been given towards marine sources such as fish oil, marine sponges, and algae.Conclusion:Although there are many modern and alternative treatment strategies available to treat psoriasis, none of them have been proven to provide complete relief to patients. Moreover, they are associated with certain side effects. In order to overcome them, novel drug delivery systems have been utilized and found effective; however, their stability and safety become the major impediments towards their successful positioning. Traditional and alternative treatment strategies have found to be safe and effective but their use is localized to certain areas. In a nutshell, to achieve successful treatment of psoriasis, there is a need to focus on the development of stable and non-toxic novel drug delivery systems or the promotion of traditional systems to treat psoriasis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest fatal diseases of history. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a major public health issue in the world. In India, the incidence is getting up despite the Indian revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. India has six recognize medicine systems in this category, namely Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy. This review study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different drug treatments based on Indian Systems of Traditional Medicines to the standard MDR-TB regimen. This review mainly focuses on the combinational approaches towards treatment protocols, prevention strategies, and management of tuberculosis in different established systems of medicine in India. Along with allopathic drugs, these AYUSH based drugs work in synergistic manner. Recent research suggests that Homeopathic treatment along with the antibiotics synergise the effect of antibiotics while reaching to its site of action. Additionally in Siddha system, formulation of medicinal herbs showing significant activity against TB bacteria. Furthermore, adopting the management or principles of Unani system would be beneficial in health and disease. Similarly, Unani and Naturopathy through natural healing are equally effective. On the other hand, medicinal plants from the Ayurveda that have been successfully employed to treat TB because of less toxicity and side effect in comparison with existing antibiotics. The findings in this review have provided scientific support for anti-TB activity of different medicinal system of India via numerous underlying mechanisms.

Chronic lung disorders are occurring commonly in Indian population. Altered food habits, faulty life style, smoking, air pollution has resulted in increase in pulmonary disorders. Among these, Chronic Bronchial Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis and Emphysema of the lung have been increased. Any patient of Bronchial Asthma who are not treated properly or in chronic course lead to emphysema in the end. Patients of emphysema will have barrel shaped or pigeon shaped chest and increased resonant note on percussion. These patients will have thick and productive sputum on expectoration. In Ayurveda respiratory diseases occur due to involvement of Pranavaha Srotas where cough, breathing difficulties, disturbed respiratory pattern occurs . Ayurveda medicines has positive role in the management of Emphysema of the lung. Formulations like Poornachandrodaya rasa, Hiranyagarbha pottali, Malla sindoora, Tala sindhoora, Rasamanikya, Siddha makaradwaja, Kanakasava, Somasava, Vasakarista, Taleesadi choorna and Sitopaladi choorna are commonly used in the management of Emphysema. These formulations are having the ingredients with actions like immunomodulatory, antiinfective, anti-bacterial, krimighna, bronchodilator, expectorant, rasayana, ojaskara, vayasthapana and mucolytic action.The present paper highlights about the role of Ayurveda medicines in the management of Emphysema of the lungs.

Purpose The overarching objective of this investigation was to investigate the intervention of green nanotechnology to transform the ancient holistic Ayurvedic medicine scientifically credible through reproducible formulations and rigorous pre-clinical/clinical evaluations. Methods We provide, herein, full details: (i) on the discovery and full characterization of gold nanoparticles-based Nano Swarna Bhasma (henceforth referred to as NSB drug); (ii) In vitro anti-tumor properties of NSB drug in breast tumor cells; (iii) pre-clinical therapeutic efficacy studies of NSB drug in breast tumor bearing SCID mice through oral delivery protocols and (iv) first results of clinical translation, from mice to human breast cancer patients, through pilot human clinical trials, conducted according to the Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (abbreviated as AYUSH) regulatory guidelines of the Government of India in metastatic breast cancer patients. Results The preclinical in vitro and in vivo investigations, in breast tumor bearing mice, established unequivocally that the NSB Nano-Ayurvedic medicine-gold nanoparticles-based drug is highly effective in controlling the growth of breast tumors in a dose dependent fashion in vivo. These encouraging pre-clinical results prompted us to seek permission from the Indian Government’s holistic medicine approval authority, AYUSH, for conducting clinical trials in human patients. Patients treated with the NSB drug capsules along with the “standard of care treatment” (Arm B) exhibited 100% clinical benefits when compared to patients in the treatment Arm A, thus indicating the tremendous clinical benefits of NSB drug in adjuvant therapy. Conclusion We have succeeded in clinically translating, from mice to humans, in using proprietary combinations of gold nanoparticles and phytochemicals to develop the Nano-Ayurvedic drug: Nano Swarna Bhasma (NSB), through innovative green nanotechnology, for treating human metastatic breast cancer patients., Video abstract Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/fXbvpc4CANA

Aim: The aim of this study is to review the curative effects of Ayurvedic and Siddha medicines and explore whether Ayurvedic medicines can cure global pandemic COVID-19 Introduction: Ayurvedic medicines bring a huge impact both on our physical and mental health It is highly effective and more effective in chronic diseases Natural medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani are the traditional medicine system which is known as the science of longevity and plays an important role in encountering global health care needs Ayurvedic medicines are a practice towards psychological, philosophical, ethical, and spiritual health Covid19 has occurred in many different kinds like mild respiratory illness (nose, throat, and lungs), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) Different studies have been done on curative effects of Ayurvedic and other traditional medicines on these various diseases Methods: The present study has collected various articles related to the current topic from various internet sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, PMC, etc Conclusion: Traditional medicines are known for their safety, potential efficacy, and ease of availability as India is the country where the world’s oldest traditional living health care system originated The present study thus concluded that Siddha and Ayur-vedic medicines have mitigated COVID-19 infections © IJCRR

Introduction: Siddha Medicine is a system of traditional medicine originating in ancient Tamil Nadu in South India and Sri Lanka. Traditionally, it is taught that the siddhas laid the foundation for this system of medicine. Siddha system has a unique diagnostic method to identify the diseases and their causes. Manikkadai Nool is one of the diagnostic tool. It is explained in the Agasthiyar Soodamani Kajiru Soothiram by Saint Veadammamuni in Pathinen Siddhar Naadi Nool. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to validate the Siddha diagnostic procedure of Manikkadai nool for gunmam patients. Study Setting: Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai from April to August 2019. Methodology: It is an observational study. After identifying the eligible subjects, Data will be collected by using the interview administrated questionnaire & relevant data will be collected by measurement. Collected data were processed and statistically analysed by a simple statistical method using Microsoft Excel. Results and Discussion: Gunmam symptoms are included in 10, 9 ½, 8 ¾, 8, 7 ½, 7, 6 ½ & 6 ¼ Manikkadai measurements according to the siddha literatures. Researcher has been divided the gunmam conditions as mild moderate and severe condition according to the evidence of literatures, Researcher has been included Premonitory symptoms as Mild Condition, Common signs and symptoms as Moderate Condition and complications as Severe condition. Mild condition is in 10-9 fbs Manikkadai measurements. Moderate condition is in 8 ¾-7 ¾ fbs Manikkadai measurements. Severe condition is in 7 ½-6 ½ > Manikkadai measurements. 55% (11) of right hand Manikkadai measurements in male and 53% (16) of Right hand Manikkadai measurements in female have been correlated with the siddha literatures in the diagnosis of gunmam. Pearson correlation value implies that negative correlation between the chronicity of gunmam and Manikkadai measurement. This data showed the negative relationship between the severity of gunmam, & manikkadai measurements. Conclusion: Majority of the gunmam subjects were females (60%). The maximum number of subjects was observed in Pitha Kaalam. Majority of the gunmam subjects had vali azhal naadi (38%) and azhal vali naadi (32%). Nei kuri was observed as vali azhal & azhal vali in gunmam subjects. Siddha Physicians could be diagnosed the gunmam fifty percentage with the help of Manikkadai measurements. Pearson correlation value implies that negative correlation between the chronicity of gunmam and Manikkadai measurement. This data showed the negative relationship between the severity of gunmam & manikkadai measurements. Out of 50 gunmam subjects, 45 were in the assumed assessment criteria range. So further study is essential to validate this assumed assessment of criteria of manikkadai measurement in diagnosis of gunmam.

Traditional Siddha medicine is popular for the management of Psoriasis. This article reports one chronic psoriatic case that was successfully treated with Siddha drugs. A psoriasis patient with chronic history of eight years was under conventional therapy. Due to side effects and recurrence, he visited Siddha clinic. He was prepared for Siddha treatment with a single early morning dose of Agasthyar kuzhampu. Sivanar vembu kuzhi thailam, karbogi mathirai and Raktha suddhi mathirai were administered orally for three months. Vetpalai thailam was applied externally for three months. The lesions were gradually reduced and completely disappeared in three months of treatment without any side effects. Diarrhea, nausea and tiredness were observed for one day during the administration of Agasthyar kuzhampu. The total cost for the Siddha therapy was INR 5,000 for three months. Siddha medicines could be cost effective and safe in the management of psoriasis.

Rapid socio-economic development and demographic changes, along with an increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India over the past four decades. Siddha System is one of the oldest Traditional Systems of Medicine in India and predominantly practiced in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu. The vital part of Siddha Medicine is to revitalize and rejuvenate dysfunctional organs that cause the disease and to maintain a healthy body and mind. According to Siddha, all objects and living bodies are composed of five basic structural elements (Panchabhutams), namely earth, water, fire, air, and vacuum (ether). Siddha believes in the theory of Tridoshams, namely wind (Vaatham), bile (Piththam), and phlegm (Kabam). The Madhumegam has 20 types which divided into Vaatham- 4, Piththam- 6 and Kabam- 10 types. Madhumegam is a clinical condition characterized by the frequent passage of urine more than the normal resulting in deterioration and diminution of Seven Thathus. The diagnosis in the Siddha system is based on the Land (Nilam), Season (Kaalam), Pori alaridhal, Pulan alarithal, Threedosham status (Mukkutra Nilaigal), Udal Thathukal Nilai and Envagai Thervugal. As the researchers looking an alternative way for treating this high burden disease, it is the need of the hour to invests more on to create the evidence to prevent, control and treat this high burden disorder by synthesizing the evidence from the Siddha.

This review traces the growing burden of cancer in India from antiquity. We searched PubMed, Internet Archive, the British Library, and several other sources for information on cancer in Indian history. Paleopathology studies from Indus Valley Civilization sites do not reveal any malignancy. Cancer-like diseases and remedies are mentioned in the ancient Ayurveda and Siddha manuscripts from India. Cancer was rarely mentioned in the medieval literature from India. Cancer case reports from India began in the 17th century. Between 1860 and 1910, several audits and cancer case series were published by Indian Medical Service doctors across India. The landmark study by Nath and Grewal used autopsy, pathology, and clinical data between 1917 and 1932 from various medical college hospitals across India to confirm that cancer was a common cause of death in middle-aged and elderly Indians. India’s cancer burden was apparently low as a result of the short life expectancy of the natives in those times. In 1946, a national committee on health reforms recommended the creation of sufficient facilities to diagnose and manage the increasing cancer burden in all Indian states. Trends from the Mumbai population-based cancer registry revealed a four-fold increase in patients with cancer from 1964 to 2012. Depending on the epidemiologic transition level, wide interstate variation in cancer burden is found in India. We conclude that cancer has been recognized in India since antiquity. India’s current burden of a million incident cancers is the result of an epidemiologic transition, improved cancer diagnostics, and improved cancer data capture. The increase in cancer in India with wide interstate variations offers useful insights and important lessons for developing countries in managing their increasing cancer burdens.

Cancer is a complex and serious illness. The modern treatment and techniques treat succeed on many types of diseases unfortunately there is no appropriate medicine for every types of Cancer. The Siddha Medical System correlates the diseases like Puttru Noi, Vipprudhi, Kandankirandhi, Kaddi, Raajapilavai, Thurmaangisam, Maamisa makotharam, Sathai adaippu and Silandhi with the signs and symptoms of Cancer under the Modern Medical Systems. In Siddha Medicine, medicinal plants play an important role in treating many diseases, though animal products and minerals also used in drugs. Rasa Ganthi Meluku, Nanthimai, Rasaparpam, Vangaparpam, Senkoddai ghee, Sengoddai illagam etc are some of the important medicine mentioned in the Siddha Medical texts to treat Cancer. In this research we identify and discuss the raw materials which are used to cure the diseases related to Cancer in modern medicine. Sesame seed is mostly noted (3.15%) in the above important medicines. Longer pepper used in 2.36%, Garlic, Ginger, Chebulic myrobalan and Black cummin used in 2.10% of important medicines. Mercury is mostly noted (12.77%) in the above important medicines. Sulphur used in 10.64%, Arithaaram and Inthuppu used in 7.45% of important medicines. Ghee is mostly noted (40.91%) in the above important medicines. Cow milk used in 27.27%, and goat milk used in 9.09% of important medicines.

Context and Aims: Pregnant women undergo physiological changes which influence the efficacy as well as safety of medications used. Very few drugs are tested and approved for medical conditions during pregnancy, and less pharmacokinetic data are available to form clinical treatment guidelines. There was no data available regarding the type of research studies conducted in pregnancy in India. Hence, we conducted this study to analyze the type of research studies in pregnancy registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI). Subjects and Methods: Following exemption from review by the Institutional Ethics Committee, all studies in pregnant women registered in CTRI from its inception in July 2007 to June 2018 were reviewed. Data were captured with respect to geographical distribution, trimester of pregnancy, study designs used, therapy area, and funding. Statistical Analysis Used: The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Out of a total of 14,911 studies in CTRI, a total of 285 (1.91%) studies involved pregnant women. Of these studies, 199 (69.8%) were interventional, whereas 86 (30.1%) were observational. Of all the interventional studies, 119 (60%) tested drugs, 47 (24%) tested a nondrug intervention, and the rest were nutraceuticals, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, and vaccines. Postgraduate theses constituted 140 (49.1%) studies, 79 (27.7%) were academic projects, 27 (9.4%) were government-funded studies, and only 16 (5.6%) were pharmaceutical-sponsored studies. The most commonly studied therapy area was anesthesia, followed by hypertension and induction of labor. Conclusions: This study depicts underrepresentation of pregnant women in clinical studies and more evidence needs to be generated with respect to drug safety and pharmacokinetics.

Traditional Medicine (TM) and their secondary metabolites are being increasingly recognized as useful complementary treatments toward the cancer. A large number of clinical studies have reported and proven concern of cancer patients. Here we have also reported recent studies on the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of Traditional Medicine (TM). Nowadays, Chemotherapy and surgery are standard methods for treatment of cancer, but still it’s not been fully successful. Some progress has been made in cancer diagnosis and treatment, but high incidence rate of cancer and low survival rate of patient are still being reported worldwide. Since ancient times, a number of traditional medicines known as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Iranian, Chinese, Korean, acupuncture, Muti, Ifa, and African medicine are widely used for therapeutic purposes and are becoming popular as Traditional Medicine (TM). It has been reported that plants synthesize plethora of “secondary metabolites” or “phytochemicals”, proven to possess anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer properties in many research studies. There are many possibilities for further organized research for screening of medicinal plants for their potential and efficacy against chronic diseases such as a cancer and other inflammatory diseases. Therefore, researcher’s interest should be in identification and standardization of new anti-cancer drug with low side effects and greater efficacy, that is easily acceptable in medical community and which may overcome the challenges in present and future cancer therapy. This review explores therapeutic value of certain bio-active principals of plant which could serve as potential pharmacologically active drug for treatment of cancer in future.

Cancer, one of the deadliest challenges spreading drastically in the twenty-first century, has now officially become the most dangerous killer in the world according to the World Health Organization. Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, thus representing a major public health problem. The modern diet and lifestyle (such as high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use, along with limited physical activity) has led to an increasing mortality rate for colorectal cancer worldwide. Although the incidence rate of CRC in native Indians has been rising slowly over decades, the CRC incidence rate in Central Asia, especially India, is comparatively lower than the Western world. In India the importance of food for healthy well-being is reiterated from a Siddha saying “Unave marunthu, marunthe unavu” meaning food is medicine and medicine is food. The concept in Indian tradition follows a prophylactic route in preventing many diseases. Each and every component of each recipe was well reported for their various biological activities. This chapter provides an extensive insight into Indian approach toward cancer prevention, molecular targets of selected Ayurvedic plants, role of spices and condiments, and dietary phytochemical in colon cancer prevention.

Background: The concept of health and Health Care began in India in the middle of 18th Century. National Health Policy 2002 initiated the program – “health for all”. Earlier it was a concept of individual care. New philosophy of Heath Care Service is inter-sector, i.e., indigenous system can be found in public as well as private sector and so on. The sectors of heath care services in India are categorized as: 1.Public sector 2. Private sector 3. Indigenous systems of medicine which include a. Ayurveda and Siddha b. Unani and Tibbiya c. Homeopathy d. unregistered practitioners 4. Voluntary Heath Agencies 5. National Health Programmes. It needs to clarify who is a patient, according to World Health Organization (1948) defined health as a “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” So a person is called healthy if he / she is physically fit, mentally sound and socially well adjusted. To explain further disease is the interruption or break in the state of equilibrium of all the components. Moreover, disease is lack of health, a disorder or illness caused by infection or deficiency with some characteristics or symptoms. The homeopathic doctors look into patient’s symptoms and take the medical history. Objective: The objectives of the study are to find out (i) Disease specificity in homeopathic treatment (ii) Variation of diseases with seasons (iii)Variation of diseases with economic condition (iv) Variation in different socio-economic groups seeking homeopathic treatment (v) Reasons of failure of homeopathic treatment. Methodology: Fifty (50) clinics of Kolkata and its suburbs and two (2) years data have been taken into consideration. Statistical methods like ANOVA are applied to find out the diseases related to homeopathy. Patients were classified according to their acute and chronic diseases. Acute diseases include seasonal ones like influenza, cough and cold, dengue, malaria, pox, common fever, diarrhea. Chronic diseases include arthritis, hepatic disorder, eczema, cardiac disorders, migraine, asthma, autism, epilepsy, tumors, skin diseases, pimples. Number of each chronic and acute cases in each clinic was recorded. All the numbers in 50 clinics were pooled together for each case. Socio – economic conditions of the patients were also recorded. Result: Acute diseases like influenza, diarrhea, common cold, fever dominate over other diseases. Among the chronic diseases rheumatoid arthritis, migraine and asthma are more common than other diseases. Common cold and asthma predominate during autumn while diarrhea is common in monsoon. Discussion: Present paper tries to find out how unhealthy condition or disease is guided by two factors. 1. The climatic condition or the seasonal swing and 2. Economic condition of the patients surveyed. To specify, the paper seeks the variation of disease with seasonal swing and economic status of those who come to the homeopaths. The number of patients also varies with seasons. The number rises during monsoons (July to September) and falls in cold months (December and January). The upper socio-economic group seeks medical help for diseases like coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity etc., where as lower income goes for diseases like bronchitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, etc. The paper also tries to find out the causes failure of homeopathic treatment in the study area, they are (i) limited number of skilled doctors available in suburbs of Kolkata. In urban areas skilled doctors cannot cope with the growing number of patients. (ii) The improper selection of medicines among the trained doctors, moreover, application of proper potencies often fails. (iii) The poor quality of medicines is a major factor of failure. In homeopathy quality control is difficult. In-process quality control is only possible by engaging a large number of inspectors by the Drug Regulator. At present the number is insufficient. (iv) As the patients have little knowledge or ignorant about the homeopathic medicines, they compare homeopathic medicines with other systems of medicine. Only 3% natural substance present in the medicine which cannot be possible to detect by the patient. As the patients cannot smell the medicine and all medicines appear similar for which they often doubt about it’s effects. Conclusion: The causes for seeking homeopathic treatment are different in different socio-economic groups. The lower socio economic groups are attracted due to the low cost of treatment. The higher socio economic groups are interested because of long lasting effects and permanent cure, no side effect, diagnostic problems due to complexity of diseases and to avoid surgery.

Background: Sacred groves are model systems that have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application documented from sacred groves across India. A total of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the preparation of database and statistical analysis. Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families has been documented for use against eighteen categories of diseases common in tropical and sub-tropical landscapes. Though the reported species are clustered around a few widely distributed families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple species in treating an ailment, high use value of the popular plants, and cross-community similarity in disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to explore and apply available natural resources. Conclusions: Building on the findings, integration of the tradition in primary healthcare policy especially in AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) program has been recommended. This would embrace folk medicinal practices along with sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources in rapidly changing rural landscapes. Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases

Objectives Gout is an inflammatory response to the Monosodium urate crystals formed secondary to hyperuricaemia. The prevalence of gout has increased in recent years. The current conventional medical management aims at symptomatic management. In Ayurveda, gouty arthritis has similarity to Vata-Pittadhika Vatarakta, owing to its comparable aetiology and clinical features and treatment was planned accordingly. The present study is designed to evaluate the combined effect of Ayurvedic formulations and therapy in reducing the signs and symptoms and uric acid level in Gouty Arthritis. Methods The study was a single group pre–post test design. The patients diagnosed on the basis of ACR EULAR Gout classification 2015 criteria. They were given Guduchi Siddha Ksheeravasthi (Therapeutic enema), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) Kashaya (diluted decoction) and Punarnava Guggulu. Assessment of pain was done by Visual Analogue Scale and serum uric acid level was assessed on day 1 and on 31st day. Also, the change in symptoms were analyzed before and after the treatment. This study has been registered in the clinical trial registry-India. Results The obtained data were evaluated using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. A significant improvement (p=0.0001) was observed in VAS scale (98.77%), serum uric acid levels (57.81%), subjective parameters. Moreover, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed to be normal level as compared to baseline of the therapy also with an enhancement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Conclusions Thus, the present study revealed that Ayurvedic therapeutic interventions can play a major role in the management of gouty arthritis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (Osmf) is a chronic inflammatory condition of buccal mucosa with fibrosis,& restricted mouth opening(trismus) characterized by discoloration of buccal mucosa, intolerance to spicy foods& recurrent episodes of stomatitis.it is common in young population having the chewing habits of gutkha, pan masala, tobacco etc. It makes patients life miserable. As it is a precancerous condition it seeks attention towards this disease. Medical treatments with minor surgical options are available with unsatisfactory results. This study was aimed at finding the safe, effective & cheap alternative remedy of osmf. This study conducted on 60 diagnosed cases of osmf fulfilling eligibility criteria randomly divided in two groups trial group 30 treated with yashtimadhu siddha til tail& control group 30 treated with til tail+saindhav kavalgriha4 for one month with weekly follow-ups .Results in both the groups were encouraging with minimal differences, mouth opening capacity & increased tolerance to spicy foods were the more appreciable results found in trial group. To get more results intervention can be extended for more periods. Before & after mouth opening capacity inter Dental distance between central maxillary & mandibular incisor teeth’s by venire caliper, along with color of buccal mucosa, pliability of mucosa, cheek retraction& tolerance to spices were assessed for the outcome of treatments in both the Groups. Keywords- OSMF, Fibrosis, Kawal Griha, Siddha tail ABSTRACT Oral submucous fibrosis (Osmf) is a chronic inflammatory condition of buccal mucosa with fibrosis,& restricted mouth opening(trismus) characterized by discoloration of buccal mucosa, intolerance to spicy foods& recurrent episodes of stomatitis.it is common in young population having the chewing habits of gutkha, pan masala, tobacco etc. It makes patients life miserable. As it is a precancerous condition it seeks attention towards this disease. Medical treatments with minor surgical options are available with unsatisfactory results. This study was aimed at finding the safe, effective & cheap alternative remedy of osmf. This study conducted on 60 diagnosed cases of osmf fulfilling eligibility criteria randomly divided in two groups trial group 30 treated with yashtimadhu siddha til tail& control group 30 treated with til tail+saindhav kavalgriha4 for one month with weekly follow-ups .Results in both the groups were encouraging with minimal differences, mouth opening capacity & increased tolerance to spicy foods were the more appreciable results found in trial group. To get more results intervention can be extended for more periods. Before & after mouth opening capacity inter Dental distance between central maxillary & mandibular incisor teeth’s by venire caliper, along with color of buccal mucosa, pliability of mucosa, cheek retraction& tolerance to spices were assessed for the outcome of treatments in both the Groups.

The paper aims to understand the treatment seeking behavior and the experiences of men with male factor infertility. A cross-sectional study was conducted at consented hospitals/infertility centers in Mumbai, India in purview of the fact that men are not considered as important as a part of infertility treatment as women. An infertile man is defined here as one who is diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility, undergoing infertility treatment, irrespective of the fertility status of his wife. Primary data of 150 men undergoing infertility treatment from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds was collected through semi-structured interviews. The initial effect of the infertility status led the men to feel depressed, guilty, shocked, and isolated. A large proportion of the respondents never discussed the problem with anyone except their wives. More than one third of the respondents consulted with Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) practitioners. Changes of doctors or clinics were more attributed to unsuccessful treatment cycles and success rate of other clinics than the referral by doctors. Destiny, bad luck, lifestyle, medical reasons, and late marriage are found as perceived causes of male infertility. Age above 40, younger age at marriage, marriage duration for 6 and more years, secondary infertility, self-employment, and higher income have significant association with longer time gap between marriage and initiation of infertility treatment. Based on study findings, we propose Belief and Practice theory where we elaborate the progression in treatment for male infertility. Men should be given due consideration in infertility treatment. They must be taken into consideration at an early stage of fertility evaluation due to the fact that minor problems of male infertility can be cured with modest medication. Proper Information Education and Communication (IEC) is essential for creating awareness in society on male infertility. Better counseling services during treatment and standardization of cost can help infertile men to manage treatment-related stress. Since infertility treatment is a time-consuming and exhaustive process, considering the timing for patient's income generating work, evening out patient department, and comprehensive knowledge dissemination at health centers can be improve male factor infertility treatment.

Siddha, ultimately is a way of living that teaches and aids a soul in reaching its goal. This system of Science has strong foundations based on the four pillars; Vaatham, Vaithyam, Yogam and Gnanam laid down by Siddhars. Siddha Vaithyam deals with diagnosis, prevention and treatment of all diseases. The Siddha system of medicine has proved its significance in treating deadly diseases of present day such as HIV, Hepatitis – B, Diabetes and Obesity. The disease that shakes the normal life of majority of the world population is depression. Depression is a diseased condition which shows manifestations on both physical and psychological states of a being. It is a non – communicable disease that doesn’t spread from person to person. This condition sounds to be simple and common among people but it scoops away a huge part of happiness in one’s life. Siddhars have already dealt with medical practices that provide a permanent solution to depression. These practices are explained in detail in texts like Agathiyar Kanagamani Nooru, Theraiyar Vaagadam, Yugi Chinthamani 800. This paper brushes up the basic ways in dealing with depression through Siddha system. Keywords: Depression, asanas, diet, daily regimen Cite this Article Shivani G., Margaret Bapitha G. Siddha System of Medicine – A Boon to Outlive Depression. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy

Recurrent miscarriage is defined as a sequence of three or more consecutive spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks. This distressing problem is affecting approximately 1% of all women of reproductive age. In Ayurvedic literature, recurrent abortion may be correlated as Putraghni yonivyapad mentioned in Charak samhita, Sushruta samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. To overcome this disconcerting problem; Ayurveda- an alternative system of medicine may be procured. According to Ashtanga Hridaya (one of the Brihattrayi), Uttarbasti (mode of administration of drug by urethral or genital route) is indicated in treatment of all types of Yoni vyapad (gynaecological disorders). In this particular case of recurrent miscarriage, we used Phalghrita Uttarbasti and Dashamula qwath niruha basti along with internal medications such as Shatavari- Ashwagandha siddha kshirapaka and Vrishya vati. Uttarbasti removes strotorodha and maintains hormonal balance in uterus and ovaries. Patient was conceived after 6 month course of treatment. She was further treated with Garbhini Paricharya and resulted into normal labour with healthy child.