Author: "Rebecca S. Reeves" / Topic: medicine.disease - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Readiness redefined: A behavioral task during screening predicted 1-year weight loss in the look AHEAD study

Author: Brent Van Dorsten, Thomas A. Wadden, James O. Hill, Rebecca S. Reeves, Marci E. Gluck, Edward W. Lipkin, Adam G. Tsai, Andrea Anderson, Anthony N. Fabricatore, Robert W. Jeffery, John P. Foreyt, and Allison J. Higginbotham
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Attendance, Medicine (miscellaneous), medicine.disease, Obesity, Endocrinology, Weight loss, Physical therapy, Medicine, Attrition, Patient participation, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Mass screening, Screening procedures
Abstract: Currently, 34% of U.S. adults are obese.1 The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all adults with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 be offered intensive counseling for weight loss, or be referred to programs that offer it.2 However, it is not practical to provide intensive counseling to such a large number of individuals. If patient selection could be improved, weight loss programs might achieve lower attrition rates and improved weight losses. The NIH guidelines on evaluation and treatment of obesity state that readiness for weight loss should be assessed in persons presenting for treatment, while noting that such assessment is “easier said than done.”3 However, a recent review challenged the notion that weight loss readiness – a person’s self-reported desire and willingness to make changes to lose weight – is important to assess in clinical settings.4 Self-reported readiness, the review concluded, predicted neither treatment adherence nor the magnitude of weight loss among persons pursuing a variety of weight control methods. The authors suggested that the lack of significant findings may be a function of the limited range of readiness among people who voluntarily engage in weight loss programs. Another explanation may be the limitation of self-report assessments of readiness. Individuals may overestimate their readiness because they do not clearly understand what behaviors are needed to make them successful, or because they greatly desire the outcome of weight loss. We examined the ability of a behavioral task at screening to predict weight loss, session attendance, and physical activity at 1 year among participants who received an intensive lifestyle intervention in the Look AHEAD study.5 Look AHEAD’s careful screening procedures included a 2-week run-in period, in which candidates were required to record (but not required to alter) their food intake for at least 12 of 14 days.6 Look AHEAD investigators believed that participants’ keeping food records during the run-in would predict record keeping during treatment. Keeping food records during treatment, in turn, is positively correlated with weight loss.7–12 Thus, in the current study, we assessed performance of a specific behavior, expected to be related to weight loss, rather than asking about general readiness to lose weight. We specifically sought to determine whether the completeness of record keeping during the screening period would predict weight loss outcomes at 1 year.
Published: 2013
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2. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two

Author: Casey Ager, Matthew Reilley, Courtney Nicholas, Todd Bartkowiak, Ashvin Jaiswal, Michael Curran, Tina C. Albershardt, Anshika Bajaj, Jacob F. Archer, Rebecca S. Reeves, Lisa Y. Ngo, Peter Berglund, Jan ter Meulen, Caroline Denis, Hormas Ghadially, Thomas Arnoux, Fabien Chanuc, Nicolas Fuseri, Robert W. Wilkinson, Nicolai Wagtmann, Yannis Morel, Pascale Andre, Michael B. Atkins, Matteo S. Carlino, Antoni Ribas, John A. Thompson, Toni K. Choueiri, F. Stephen Hodi, Wen-Jen Hwu, David F. McDermott, Victoria Atkinson, Jonathan S. Cebon, Bernie Fitzharris, Michael B. Jameson, Catriona McNeil, Andrew G. Hill, Eric Mangin, Malidi Ahamadi, Marianne van Vugt, Mariëlle van Zutphen, Nageatte Ibrahim, Georgina V. Long, Robyn Gartrell, Zoe Blake, Ines Simoes, Yichun Fu, Takuro Saito, Yingzhi Qian, Yan Lu, Yvonne M. Saenger, Sadna Budhu, Olivier De Henau, Roberta Zappasodi, Kyle Schlunegger, Bruce Freimark, Jeff Hutchins, Christopher A. Barker, Jedd D. Wolchok, Taha Merghoub, Elena Burova, Omaira Allbritton, Peter Hong, Jie Dai, Jerry Pei, Matt Liu, Joel Kantrowitz, Venus Lai, William Poueymirou, Douglas MacDonald, Ella Ioffe, Markus Mohrs, William Olson, Gavin Thurston, Cristian Capasso, Federica Frascaro, Sara Carpi, Siri Tähtinen, Sara Feola, Manlio Fusciello, Karita Peltonen, Beatriz Martins, Madeleine Sjöberg, Sari Pesonen, Tuuli Ranki, Lukasz Kyruk, Erkko Ylösmäki, Vincenzo Cerullo, Fabio Cerignoli, Biao Xi, Garret Guenther, Naichen Yu, Lincoln Muir, Leyna Zhao, Yama Abassi, Víctor Cervera-Carrascón, Mikko Siurala, João Santos, Riikka Havunen, Suvi Parviainen, Akseli Hemminki, Angus Dalgleish, Satvinder Mudan, Mark DeBenedette, Ana Plachco, Alicia Gamble, Elizabeth W. Grogan, John Krisko, Irina Tcherepanova, Charles Nicolette, Pooja Dhupkar, Ling Yu, Eugenie S. Kleinerman, Nancy Gordon, Italia Grenga, Lauren Lepone, Sofia Gameiro, Karin M. Knudson, Massimo Fantini, Kwong Tsang, James Hodge, Renee Donahue, Jeffrey Schlom, Elizabeth Evans, Holm Bussler, Crystal Mallow, Christine Reilly, Sebold Torno, Maria Scrivens, Cathie Foster, Alan Howell, Leslie Balch, Alyssa Knapp, John E. Leonard, Mark Paris, Terry Fisher, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Ernest Smith, Maurice Zauderer, William Fogler, Marilyn Franklin, Matt Thayer, Dan Saims, John L. Magnani, Jian Gong, Michael Gray, George Fromm, Suresh de Silva, Louise Giffin, Xin Xu, Jason Rose, Taylor H. Schreiber, Sofia R. Gameiro, Paul E. Clavijo, Clint T. Allen, James W. Hodge, Kwong Y. Tsang, Jane Grogan, Nicholas Manieri, Eugene Chiang, Patrick Caplazi, Mahesh Yadav, Patrick Hagner, Hsiling Chiu, Michelle Waldman, Anke Klippel, Anjan Thakurta, Michael Pourdehnad, Anita Gandhi, Ian Henrich, Laura Quick, Rob Young, Margaret Chou, Andrew Hotson, Stephen Willingham, Po Ho, Carmen Choy, Ginna Laport, Ian McCaffery, Richard Miller, Kimberly A. Tipton, Kenneth R. Wong, Victoria Singson, Chihunt Wong, Chanty Chan, Yuanhiu Huang, Shouchun Liu, Jennifer H. Richardson, W. Michael Kavanaugh, James West, Bryan A. Irving, Ritika Jaini, Matthew Loya, Charis Eng, Melissa L. Johnson, Alex A. Adjei, Mateusz Opyrchal, Suresh Ramalingam, Pasi A. Janne, George Dominguez, Dmitry Gabrilovich, Laura de Leon, Jeannette Hasapidis, Scott J. Diede, Peter Ordentlich, Scott Cruickshank, Michael L. Meyers, Matthew D. Hellmann, Pawel Kalinski, Amer Zureikat, Robert Edwards, Ravi Muthuswamy, Nataša Obermajer, Julie Urban, Lisa H. Butterfield, William Gooding, Herbert Zeh, David Bartlett, Olga Zubkova, Larissa Agapova, Marina Kapralova, Liudmila Krasovskaia, Armen Ovsepyan, Maxim Lykov, Artem Eremeev, Vladimir Bokovanov, Olga Grigoryeva, Andrey Karpov, Sergey Ruchko, Alexandr Shuster, Danny N. Khalil, Luis Felipe Campesato, Yanyun Li, Adam S. Lazorchak, Troy D. Patterson, Yueyun Ding, Pottayil Sasikumar, Naremaddepalli Sudarshan, Nagaraj Gowda, Raghuveer Ramachandra, Dodheri Samiulla, Sanjeev Giri, Rajesh Eswarappa, Murali Ramachandra, David Tuck, Timothy Wyant, Jasmin Leshem, Xiu-fen Liu, Tapan Bera, Masaki Terabe, Birgit Bossenmaier, Gerhard Niederfellner, Yoram Reiter, Ira Pastan, Leiming Xia, Yang Xia, Yangyang Hu, Yi Wang, Yangyi Bao, Fu Dai, Shiang Huang, Elaine Hurt, Robert E. Hollingsworth, Lawrence G. Lum, Alfred E. Chang, Max S. Wicha, Qiao Li, Thomas Mace, Neil Makhijani, Erin Talbert, Gregory Young, Denis Guttridge, Darwin Conwell, Gregory B. Lesinski, Rodney JM Macedo Gonzales, Austin P. Huffman, Ximi K. Wang, Ran Reshef, Andy MacKinnon, Jason Chen, Matt Gross, Gisele Marguier, Peter Shwonek, Natalija Sotirovska, Susanne Steggerda, Francesco Parlati, Amani Makkouk, Mark K. Bennett, Ethan Emberley, Tony Huang, Weiqun Li, Silinda Neou, Alison Pan, Jing Zhang, Winter Zhang, Netonia Marshall, Thomas U. Marron, Judith Agudo, Brian Brown, Joshua Brody, Christopher McQuinn, Matthew Farren, Hannah Komar, Reena Shakya, Thomas Ludwug, Y. Maurice Morillon, Scott A. Hammond, John W. Greiner, Pulak R. Nath, Anthony L. Schwartz, Dragan Maric, David D. Roberts, Aung Naing, Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, Karen A. Autio, Deborah J. Wong, Manish Patel, Gerald Falchook, Shubham Pant, Patrick A. Ott, Melinda Whiteside, Amita Patnaik, John Mumm, Filip Janku, Ivan Chan, Todd Bauer, Rivka Colen, Peter VanVlasselaer, Gail L. Brown, Nizar M. Tannir, Martin Oft, Jeffrey Infante, Evan Lipson, Ajay Gopal, Sattva S. Neelapu, Philippe Armand, Stephen Spurgeon, John P. Leonard, Rachel E. Sanborn, Ignacio Melero, Thomas F. Gajewski, Matthew Maurer, Serena Perna, Andres A. Gutierrez, Raphael Clynes, Priyam Mitra, Satyendra Suryawanshi, Douglas Gladstone, Margaret K. Callahan, James Crooks, Sheila Brown, Audrey Gauthier, Marc Hillairet de Boisferon, Andrew MacDonald, Laura Rosa Brunet, William T. Rothwell, Peter Bell, James M. Wilson, Fumi Sato-Kaneko, Shiyin Yao, Shannon S. Zhang, Dennis A. Carson, Cristina Guiducci, Robert L. Coffman, Kazutaka Kitaura, Takaji Matsutani, Ryuji Suzuki, Tomoko Hayashi, Ezra E. W. Cohen, David Schaer, Yanxia Li, Julie Dobkin, Michael Amatulli, Gerald Hall, Thompson Doman, Jason Manro, Frank Charles Dorsey, Lillian Sams, Rikke Holmgaard, Krishnadatt Persaud, Dale Ludwig, David Surguladze, John S. Kauh, Ruslan Novosiadly, Michael Kalos, Kyla Driscoll, Hardev Pandha, Christy Ralph, Kevin Harrington, Brendan Curti, Wallace Akerley, Sumati Gupta, Alan Melcher, David Mansfield, David R. Kaufman, Emmett Schmidt, Mark Grose, Bronwyn Davies, Roberta Karpathy, Darren Shafren, Katerina Shamalov, Cyrille Cohen, Naveen Sharma, James Allison, Tala Shekarian, Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann, Christophe Caux, Aurelien Marabelle, Brian M. Slomovitz, Kathleen M. Moore, Hagop Youssoufian, Marshall Posner, Poonam Tewary, Alan D. Brooks, Ya-Ming Xu, Kithsiri Wijeratne, Leslie A. A. Gunatilaka, Thomas J. Sayers, John P. Vasilakos, Tesha Alston, Simon Dovedi, James Elvecrog, Iwen Grigsby, Ronald Herbst, Karen Johnson, Craig Moeckly, Stefanie Mullins, Kristen Siebenaler, Julius SternJohn, Ashenafi Tilahun, Mark A. Tomai, Katharina Vogel, Eveline E. Vietsch, Anton Wellstein, Martin Wythes, Stefano Crosignani, Joseph Tumang, Shilpa Alekar, Patrick Bingham, Sandra Cauwenberghs, Jenny Chaplin, Deepak Dalvie, Sofie Denies, Coraline De Maeseneire, JunLi Feng, Kim Frederix, Samantha Greasley, Jie Guo, James Hardwick, Stephen Kaiser, Katti Jessen, Erick Kindt, Marie-Claire Letellier, Wenlin Li, Karen Maegley, Reece Marillier, Nichol Miller, Brion Murray, Romain Pirson, Julie Preillon, Virginie Rabolli, Chad Ray, Kevin Ryan, Stephanie Scales, Jay Srirangam, Jim Solowiej, Al Stewart, Nicole Streiner, Vince Torti, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, Xianxian Zheng, Gregory Driessens, Bruno Gomes, Manfred Kraus, Chunxiao Xu, Yanping Zhang, Giorgio Kradjian, Guozhong Qin, Jin Qi, Xiaomei Xu, Bo Marelli, Huakui Yu, Wilson Guzman, Rober Tighe, Rachel Salazar, Kin-Ming Lo, Jessie English, Laszlo Radvanyi, Yan Lan, Michael Postow, Yasin Senbabaoglu, Billel Gasmi, Hong Zhong, Cailian Liu, Daniel Hirschhorhn-Cymerman, Yuanyuan Zha, Gregory Malnassy, Noreen Fulton, Jae-Hyun Park, Wendy Stock, Yusuke Nakamura, Hongtao Liu, Xiaoming Ju, Rachelle Kosoff, Kimberly Ramos, Brandon Coder, Robert Petit, Michael Princiotta, Kyle Perry, Jun Zou, Ainhoa Arina, Christian Fernandez, Wenxin Zheng, Michael A. Beckett, Helena J. Mauceri, Yang-Xin Fu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Whitney Lewis, Yanyan Han, Yeting Wu, Chou Yang, Jing Huang, Dongyun Wu, Jin Li, Xiaoling Liang, Xiangjun Zhou, Jinlin Hou, Raffit Hassan, Thierry Jahan, Scott J. Antonia, Hedy L. Kindler, Evan W. Alley, Somayeh Honarmand, Weiqun Liu, Meredith L. Leong, Chan C. Whiting, Nitya Nair, Amanda Enstrom, Edward E. Lemmens, Takahiro Tsujikawa, Sushil Kumar, Lisa M. Coussens, Aimee L. Murphy, Dirk G. Brockstedt, Sven D. Koch, Martin Sebastian, Christian Weiss, Martin Früh, Miklos Pless, Richard Cathomas, Wolfgang Hilbe, Georg Pall, Thomas Wehler, Jürgen Alt, Helge Bischoff, Michael Geissler, Frank Griesinger, Jens Kollmeier, Alexandros Papachristofilou, Fatma Doener, Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, Madeleine Hipp, Henoch S. Hong, Karl-Josef Kallen, Ute Klinkhardt, Claudia Stosnach, Birgit Scheel, Andreas Schroeder, Tobias Seibel, Ulrike Gnad-Vogt, Alfred Zippelius, Ha-Ram Park, Yong-Oon Ahn, Tae Min Kim, Soyeon Kim, Seulki Kim, Yu Soo Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Shari Pilon-Thomas, Amy Weber, Jennifer Morse, Krithika Kodumudi, Hao Liu, John Mullinax, Amod A. Sarnaik, Luke Pike, Andrew Bang, Tracy Balboni, Allison Taylor, Alexander Spektor, Tyler Wilhite, Monica Krishnan, Daniel Cagney, Brian Alexander, Ayal Aizer, Elizabeth Buchbinder, Mark Awad, Leena Ghandi, Jonathan Schoenfeld, Elizabeth Lessey-Morillon, Lisa Ridnour, Neil H. Segal, Manish Sharma, Dung T. Le, Robert L. Ferris, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Ronald Levy, Izidore S. Lossos, Caron Jacobson, Radhakrishnan Ramchandren, John Godwin, A. Dimitrios Colevas, Roland Meier, Suba Krishnan, Xuemin Gu, Jaclyn Neely, John Timmerman, Claire I. Vanpouille-Box, Silvia C. Formenti, Sandra Demaria, Erik Wennerberg, Aranzazu Mediero, Bruce N. Cronstein, Michael P. Gustafson, AriCeli DiCostanzo, Courtney Wheatley, Chul-Ho Kim, Svetlana Bornschlegl, Dennis A. Gastineau, Bruce D. Johnson, Allan B. Dietz, Cameron MacDonald, Mark Bucsek, Guanxi Qiao, Bonnie Hylander, Elizabeth Repasky, William J. Turbitt, Yitong Xu, Andrea Mastro, Connie J. Rogers, Sita Withers, Ziming Wang, Lam T. Khuat, Cordelia Dunai, Bruce R. Blazar, Dan Longo, Robert Rebhun, Steven K. Grossenbacher, Arta Monjazeb, William J. Murphy, Scott Rowlinson, Giulia Agnello, Susan Alters, David Lowe, Nicole Scharping, Ashley V. Menk, Ryan Whetstone, Xue Zeng, Greg M. Delgoffe, Patricia M. Santos, Jian Shi, Greg Delgoffe, Misako Nagasaka, Ammar Sukari, Miranda Byrne-Steele, Wenjing Pan, Xiaohong Hou, Brittany Brown, Mary Eisenhower, Jian Han, Natalie Collins, Robert Manguso, Hans Pope, Yashaswi Shrestha, Jesse Boehm, W. Nicholas Haining, Kyle R. Cron, Ayelet Sivan, Keston Aquino-Michaels, Marco Orecchioni, Davide Bedognetti, Wouter Hendrickx, Claudia Fuoco, Filomena Spada, Francesco Sgarrella, Gianni Cesareni, Francesco Marincola, Kostas Kostarelos, Alberto Bianco, Lucia Delogu, Jessica Roelands, Sabri Boughorbel, Julie Decock, Scott Presnell, Ena Wang, Franco M. Marincola, Peter Kuppen, Michele Ceccarelli, Darawan Rinchai, Damien Chaussabel, Lance Miller, Andrew Nguyen, J. Zachary Sanborn, Charles Vaske, Shahrooz Rabizadeh, Kayvan Niazi, Steven Benz, Shashank Patel, Nicholas Restifo, James White, Sam Angiuoli, Mark Sausen, Sian Jones, Maria Sevdali, John Simmons, Victor Velculescu, Luis Diaz, Theresa Zhang, Jennifer S. Sims, Sunjay M. Barton, Angela Kadenhe-Chiweshe, Filemon Dela Cruz, Andrew T. Turk, Christopher F. Mazzeo, Andrew L. Kung, Jeffrey N. Bruce, Darrell J. Yamashiro, Eileen P. Connolly, Jason Baird, Marka Crittenden, David Friedman, Hong Xiao, Rom Leidner, Bryan Bell, Kristina Young, Michael Gough, Zhen Bian, Koby Kidder, Yuan Liu, Emily Curran, Xiufen Chen, Leticia P. Corrales, Justin Kline, Ethan G. Aguilar, Jennifer Guerriero, Alaba Sotayo, Holly Ponichtera, Alexandra Pourzia, Sara Schad, Ruben Carrasco, Suzan Lazo, Roderick Bronson, Anthony Letai, Richard S. Kornbluth, Sachin Gupta, James Termini, Elizabeth Guirado, Geoffrey W. Stone, Christina Meyer, Laura Helming, Nicholas Wilson, Robert Hofmeister, Natalie J. Neubert, Laure Tillé, David Barras, Charlotte Soneson, Petra Baumgaertner, Donata Rimoldi, David Gfeller, Mauro Delorenzi, Silvia A. Fuertes Marraco, Daniel E. Speiser, Tara S. Abraham, Bo Xiang, Michael S. Magee, Scott A. Waldman, Adam E. Snook, Wojciech Blogowski, Ewa Zuba-Surma, Marta Budkowska, Daria Salata, Barbara Dolegowska, Teresa Starzynska, Leo Chan, Srinivas Somanchi, Kelsey McCulley, Dean Lee, Nico Buettner, Feng Shi, Paisley T. Myers, Stuart Curbishley, Sarah A. Penny, Lora Steadman, David Millar, Ellen Speers, Nicola Ruth, Gabriel Wong, Robert Thimme, David Adams, Mark Cobbold, Remy Thomas, Mariam Al-Muftah, Michael KK Wong, Michael Morse, Joseph I. Clark, Howard L. Kaufman, Gregory A. Daniels, Hong Hua, Tharak Rao, Janice P. Dutcher, Kai Kang, Yogen Saunthararajah, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Vikas Kumar, Firoz Anwar, Amita Verma, Zinal Chheda, Gary Kohanbash, John Sidney, Kaori Okada, Shruti Shrivastav, Diego A. Carrera, Shuming Liu, Naznin Jahan, Sabine Mueller, Ian F. Pollack, Angel M. Carcaboso, Alessandro Sette, Yafei Hou, Hideho Okada, Jessica J. Field, Weiping Zeng, Vincent FS Shih, Che-Leung Law, Peter D. Senter, Shyra J. Gardai, Nicole M. Okeley, Jennifer G. Abelin, Abu Z. Saeed, Stacy A. Malaker, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, Stephen T. Ward, Donald F. Hunt, Pam Profusek, Laura Wood, Dale Shepard, Petros Grivas, Kerstin Kapp, Barbara Volz, Detlef Oswald, Burghardt Wittig, Manuel Schmidt, Julian P. Sefrin, Lars Hillringhaus, Valeria Lifke, Alexander Lifke, Anna Skaletskaya, Jose Ponte, Thomas Chittenden, Yulius Setiady, Eva Sivado, Vincent Thomas, Meddy El Alaoui, Sébastien Papot, Charles Dumontet, Mike Dyson, John McCafferty, Said El Alaoui, Praveen K. Bommareddy, Andrew Zloza, Frederick Kohlhapp, Ann W. Silk, Sachin Jhawar, Tomas Paneque, Jenna Newman, Pedro Beltran, Felicia Cao, Bang-Xing Hong, Tania Rodriguez-Cruz, Xiao-Tong Song, Stephen Gottschalk, Hugo Calderon, Sam Illingworth, Alice Brown, Kerry Fisher, Len Seymour, Brian Champion, Emma Eriksson, Jessica Wenthe, Ann-Charlotte Hellström, Gabriella Paul-Wetterberg, Angelica Loskog, Ioanna Milenova, Magnus Ståhle, Justyna Jarblad-Leja, Gustav Ullenhag, Anna Dimberg, Rafael Moreno, Ramon Alemany, Sharad Goyal, Ann Silk, Janice Mehnert, Nashat Gabrail, Jennifer Bryan, Daniel Medina, Leah Mitchell, Kader Yagiz, Fernando Lopez, Daniel Mendoza, Anthony Munday, Harry Gruber, Douglas Jolly, Steven Fuhrmann, Sasa Radoja, Wei Tan, Aldo Pourchet, Alan Frey, Ian Mohr, Matthew Mulvey, Robert H. I. Andtbacka, Merrick Ross, Sanjiv Agarwala, Kenneth Grossmann, Matthew Taylor, John Vetto, Rogerio Neves, Adil Daud, Hung Khong, Stephanie M. Meek, Richard Ungerleider, Scott Welden, Maki Tanaka, Matthew Williams, Sigrun Hallmeyer, Bernard Fox, Zipei Feng, Christopher Paustian, Carlo Bifulco, Sadia Zafar, Otto Hemminki, Simona Bramante, Lotta Vassilev, Hongjie Wang, Andre Lieber, Silvio Hemmi, Tanja de Gruijl, Anna Kanerva, Tameem Ansari, Srividya Sundararaman, Diana Roen, Paul Lehmann, Anja C. Bloom, Lewis H. Bender, Ian B. Walters, Jay A. Berzofsky, Fanny Chapelin, Eric T. Ahrens, Jeff DeFalco, Michael Harbell, Amy Manning-Bog, Alexander Scholz, Danhui Zhang, Gilson Baia, Yann Chong Tan, Jeremy Sokolove, Dongkyoon Kim, Kevin Williamson, Xiaomu Chen, Jillian Colrain, Gregg Espiritu Santo, Ngan Nguyen, Wayne Volkmuth, Norman Greenberg, William Robinson, Daniel Emerling, Charles G. Drake, Daniel P. Petrylak, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Adam S. Kibel, Nancy N. Chang, Tuyen Vu, Dwayne Campogan, Heather Haynes, James B. Trager, Nadeem A. Sheikh, David I. Quinn, Peter Kirk, Murali Addepalli, Thomas Chang, Ping Zhang, Marina Konakova, Katsunobu Hagihara, Steven Pai, Laurie VanderVeen, Palakshi Obalapur, Peiwen Kuo, Phi Quach, Lawrence Fong, Deborah H. Charych, Jonathan Zalevsky, John L. Langowski, Yolanda Kirksey, Ravi Nutakki, Shalini Kolarkar, Rhoneil Pena, Ute Hoch, Stephen K. Doberstein, John Cha, Zach Mallon, Myra Perez, Amanda McDaniel, Snjezana Anand, Darrin Uecker, Richard Nuccitelli, Eva Wieckowski, Ravikumar Muthuswamy, Roshni Ravindranathan, Ariana N. Renrick, Menaka Thounaojam, Portia Thomas, Samuel Pellom, Anil Shanker, Duafalia Dudimah, Alan Brooks, Yu-Lin Su, Tomasz Adamus, Qifang Zhang, Sergey Nechaev, Marcin Kortylewski, Spencer Wei, Clark Anderson, Chad Tang, Jonathan Schoenhals, Efrosini Tsouko, John Heymach, Patricia de Groot, Joe Chang, Kenneth R. Hess, Adi Diab, Padmanee Sharma, David Hong, James Welsh, Andrea J. Parsons, Jardin Leleux, Stephane Ascarateil, Marie Eve Koziol, Dina Bai, Peihong Dai, Weiyi Wang, Ning Yang, Stewart Shuman, Liang Deng, Patrick Dillon, Gina Petroni, David Brenin, Kim Bullock, Walter Olson, Mark E. Smolkin, Kelly Smith, Carmel Nail, Craig L. Slingluff, Meenu Sharma, Faisal Fa’ak, Louise Janssen, Hiep Khong, Zhilan Xiao, Yared Hailemichael, Manisha Singh, Christina Vianden, Willem W. Overwijk, Andrea Facciabene, Pierini Stefano, Fang Chongyung, Stavros Rafail, Michael Nielsen, Peter Vanderslice, Darren G. Woodside, Robert V. Market, Ronald J. Biediger, Upendra K. Marathi, Kevin Hollevoet, Nick Geukens, Paul Declerck, Nathalie Joly, Laura McIntosh, Eustache Paramithiotis, Magnus Rizell, Malin Sternby, Bengt Andersson, Alex Karlsson-Parra, Rui Kuai, Lukasz Ochyl, Anna Schwendeman, James Moon, Weiwen Deng, Thomas E. Hudson, Bill Hanson, Chris S. Rae, Joel Burrill, Justin Skoble, George Katibah, Michele deVries, Peter Lauer, Thomas W. Dubensky, Xin Chen, Li Zhou, Xiubao Ren, Charu Aggarwal, Drishty Mangrolia, Roger Cohen, Gregory Weinstein, Matthew Morrow, Joshua Bauml, Kim Kraynyak, Jean Boyer, Jian Yan, Jessica Lee, Laurent Humeau, Sandra Oyola, Susan Duff, David Weiner, Zane Yang, Mark Bagarazzi, Douglas G. McNeel, Jens Eickhoff, Robert Jeraj, Mary Jane Staab, Jane Straus, Brian Rekoske, Glenn Liu, Marit Melssen, William Grosh, Nikole Varhegyi, Nadejda Galeassi, Donna H. Deacon, Elizabeth Gaughan, Maurizio Ghisoli, Minal Barve, Robert Mennel, Gladice Wallraven, Luisa Manning, Neil Senzer, John Nemunaitis, Masahiro Ogasawara, Shuichi Ota, Kaitlin M. Peace, Diane F. Hale, Timothy J. Vreeland, Doreen O. Jackson, John S. Berry, Alfred F. Trappey, Garth S. Herbert, Guy T. Clifton, Mark O. Hardin, Anne Toms, Na Qiao, Jennifer Litton, George E. Peoples, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Lila Ghamsari, Emilio Flano, Judy Jacques, Biao Liu, Jonathan Havel, Vladimir Makarov, Timothy A. Chan, Jessica B. Flechtner, John Facciponte, Stefano Ugel, Francesco De Sanctis, George Coukos, Sébastien Paris, Agnes Pottier, Laurent Levy, Bo Lu, Federica Cappuccini, Emily Pollock, Richard Bryant, Freddie Hamdy, Adrian Hill, Irina Redchenko, Hussein Sultan, Takumi Kumai, Valentyna Fesenkova, Esteban Celis, Ingrid Fernando, Claudia Palena, Justin M. David, Elizabeth Gabitzsch, Frank Jones, James L. Gulley, Mireia Uribe Herranz, Hiroshi Wada, Atsushi Shimizu, Toshihiro Osada, Satoshi Fukaya, Eiji Sasaki, Milad Abolhalaj, David Askmyr, Kristina Lundberg, Ann-Sofie Albrekt, Lennart Greiff, Malin Lindstedt, Dallas B. Flies, Tomoe Higuchi, Wojciech Ornatowski, Jaryse Harris, Sarah F. Adams, Todd Aguilera, Marjan Rafat, Laura Castellini, Hussein Shehade, Mihalis Kariolis, Dadi Jang, Rie vonEbyen, Edward Graves, Lesley Ellies, Erinn Rankin, Albert Koong, Amato Giaccia, Reham Ajina, Shangzi Wang, Jill Smith, Mariaelena Pierobon, Sandra Jablonski, Emanuel Petricoin, Louis M. Weiner, Lorcan Sherry, John Waller, Mark Anderson, Alison Bigley, Chantale Bernatchez, Cara Haymaker, Harriet Kluger, Michael Tetzlaff, Natalie Jackson, Ivan Gergel, Mary Tagliaferri, Patrick Hwu, Mario Snzol, Michael Hurwitz, Theresa Barberi, Allison Martin, Rahul Suresh, David Barakat, Sarah Harris-Bookman, Charles Drake, Alan Friedman, Sara Berkey, Stephanie Downs-Canner, Robert P. Edwards, Tyler Curiel, Kunle Odunsi, Tullia C. Bruno, Brandon Moore, Olivia Squalls, Peggy Ebner, Katherine Waugh, John Mitchell, Wilbur Franklin, Daniel Merrick, Martin McCarter, Brent Palmer, Jeffrey Kern, Dario Vignali, Jill Slansky, Anissa S. H. Chan, Xiaohong Qiu, Kathryn Fraser, Adria Jonas, Nadine Ottoson, Keith Gordon, Takashi O. Kangas, Steven Leonardo, Kathleen Ertelt, Richard Walsh, Mark Uhlik, Jeremy Graff, Nandita Bose, Ravi Gupta, Nitin Mandloi, Kiran Paul, Ashwini Patil, Rekha Sathian, Aparna Mohan, Malini Manoharan, Amitabha Chaudhuri, Yu Chen, Jing Lin, Yun-bin Ye, Chun-wei Xu, Gang Chen, Zeng-qing Guo, Andrey Komarov, Alex Chenchik, Michael Makhanov, Costa Frangou, Yi Zheng, Carla Coltharp, Darryn Unfricht, Ryan Dilworth, Leticia Fridman, Linying Liu, Milind Rajopadhye, Peter Miller, Fernando Concha-Benavente, Julie Bauman, Sumita Trivedi, Raghvendra Srivastava, James Ohr, Dwight Heron, Uma Duvvuri, Seungwon Kim, Heather Torrey, Toshi Mera, Yoshiaki Okubo, Eva Vanamee, Rosemary Foster, Denise Faustman, Edward Stack, Daisuke Izaki, Kristen Beck, Dan Tong Jia, Paul Armenta, Ashley White-Stern, Douglas Marks, Bret Taback, Basil Horst, Laura Hix Glickman, David B. Kanne, Kelsey S. Gauthier, Anthony L. Desbien, Brian Francica, Justin L. Leong, Leonard Sung, Ken Metchette, Shailaja Kasibhatla, Anne Marie Pferdekamper, Lianxing Zheng, Charles Cho, Yan Feng, Jeffery M. McKenna, John Tallarico, Steven Bender, Chudi Ndubaku, Sarah M. McWhirter, Elena Gonzalez Gugel, Charles J. M. Bell, Adiel Munk, Luciana Muniz, Nina Bhardwaj, Fei Zhao, Kathy Evans, Christine Xiao, Alisha Holtzhausen, Brent A. Hanks, Nathalie Scholler, Catherine Yin, Pien Van der Meijs, Andrew M. Prantner, Cecile M. Krejsa, Leia Smith, Brian Johnson, Daniel Branstetter, Paul L. Stein, Juan C. Jaen, Joanne BL Tan, Ada Chen, Timothy Park, Jay P. Powers, Holly Sexton, Guifen Xu, Steve W. Young, Ulrike Schindler, Wentao Deng, David John Klinke, Hannah M. Komar, Gregory Serpa, Omar Elnaggar, Philip Hart, Carl Schmidt, Mary Dillhoff, Ming Jin, Michael C. Ostrowski, Madhuri Koti, Katrina Au, Nichole Peterson, Peter Truesdell, Gillian Reid-Schachter, Charles Graham, Andrew Craig, Julie-Ann Francis, Beatrix Kotlan, Timea Balatoni, Emil Farkas, Laszlo Toth, Mihaly Ujhelyi, Akos Savolt, Zoltan Doleschall, Szabolcs Horvath, Klara Eles, Judit Olasz, Orsolya Csuka, Miklos Kasler, Gabriella Liszkay, Eytan Barnea, Collin Blakely, Patrick Flynn, Reid Goodman, Raphael Bueno, David Sugarbaker, David Jablons, V. Courtney Broaddus, Brian West, Paul R. Kunk, Joseph M. Obeid, Kevin Winters, Patcharin Pramoonjago, Edward B. Stelow, Todd W. Bauer, Osama E. Rahma, Adam Lamble, Yoko Kosaka, Fei Huang, Kate A. Saser, Homer Adams, Christina E. Tognon, Ted Laderas, Shannon McWeeney, Marc Loriaux, Jeffery W. Tyner, Brian J. Druker, Evan F. Lind, Zhuqing Liu, Shanhong Lu, Lawrence P. Kane, Gulidanna Shayan, Julia Femel, Ryan Lane, Jamie Booth, Amanda W. Lund, Anthony Rodriguez, Victor H. Engelhard, Alessandra Metelli, Bill X. Wu, Caroline W. Fugle, Rachidi Saleh, Shaoli Sun, Jennifer Wu, Bei Liu, Zihai Li, Zachary S. Morris, Emily I. Guy, Clinton Heinze, Jasdeep Kler, Monica M. Gressett, Lauryn R. Werner, Stephen D. Gillies, Alan J. Korman, Hans Loibner, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Alexander L. Rakhmilevich, Paul M. Harari, Paul M. Sondel, Erica Huelsmann, Joseph Broucek, Dorothee Brech, Tobias Straub, Martin Irmler, Johannes Beckers, Florian Buettner, Elke Schaeffeler, Matthias Schwab, Elfriede Noessner, Alison Wolfreys, Andre Da Costa, John Silva, Andrea Crosby, Ludovicus Staelens, Graham Craggs, Annick Cauvin, Sean Mason, Alison M. Paterson, Andrew C. Lake, Caroline M. Armet, Rachel W. O’Connor, Jonathan A. Hill, Emmanuel Normant, Ammar Adam, Detlev M. Biniszkiewicz, Scott C. Chappel, Vito J. Palombella, Pamela M. Holland, Annette Becker, Manmohan R. Leleti, Eric Newcomb, Joanne B. L. Tan, Suthee Rapisuwon, Arash Radfar, Kellie Gardner, Geoffrey Gibney, Michael Atkins, Keith R. Rennier, Robert Crowder, Ping Wang, Russell K. Pachynski, Rosa M. Santana Carrero, Sarai Rivas, Figen Beceren-Braun, Scott Anthony, Kimberly S. Schluns, Deepali Sawant, Maria Chikina, Hiroshi Yano, Creg Workman, Elise Salerno, Ileana Mauldin, Donna Deacon, Sofia Shea, Joel Pinczewski, Thomas Gajewski, Stefani Spranger, Brendan Horton, Akiko Suzuki, Pamela Leland, Bharat H. Joshi, Raj K. Puri, Randy F. Sweis, Riyue Bao, Jason Luke, Marie-Nicole Theodoraki, Frances-Mary Mogundo, Haejung Won, Dayson Moreira, Chan Gao, Xingli Zhao, Priyanka Duttagupta, Jeremy Jones, Massimo D’Apuzzo, and Sumanta Pal
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Cancer, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, business
Abstract: O1 IL-15 primes an mTOR-regulated gene-expression program to prolong anti-tumor capacity of human natural killer cells #### Andreas Lundqvist1, Vincent van Hoef1, Xiaonan Zhang1, Erik Wennerberg2, Julie Lorent1, Kristina Witt1, Laia Masvidal Sanz1, Shuo Liang1, Shannon Murray3, Ola Larsson1
Published: 2016
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3. Measurement characteristics of the ankle–brachial index: results from the Action for Health in Diabetes study

Author: Edward W. Lipkin, Jane Tavares, Laurie Bissett, Sarah Ledbury, Kathy Dotson, JoAnn A. Phillipp, Lynne Lichtermann, Carmen Pal, Susan Green, Ann V. Schwartz, Michael T. McDermott, Dace L. Trence, Vicki A. Maddy, Suzanne Phelan, Cara Walcheck, Jack Rejeski, Michael C. Nevitt, Paulette Cohrs, Thomas A. Wadden, Ronald J. Prineas, Kristi Rau, Magpuri Perpetua, Siran Ghazarian, Terry Barrett, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Robert I. Berkowitz, Virginia Harlan, Jennifer Mayer, George L. Blackburn, Gary D. Miller, Jeff Honas, Sarah Michaels, Rita Donaldson, Jeanne Carls, Barbara Harrison, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Amy Dobelstein, Charlotte Bragg, Jackie Day, Canice E. Crerand, Debra Clark, Karen T. Vujevich, Kathy Lane, Rina R. Wing, Renee Davenport, Shandiin Begay, Alain G. Bertoni, Sharon D. Jackson, Steven E. Kahn, Richard S. Crow, Valerie Goldman, Sarah A. Jaramillo, Kristina P. Schumann, David M. Nathan, William H. Herman, James O. Hill, Kati Szamos, Steven M. Haffner, Osama Hamdy, Karen C. Johnson, Judy Bahnson, Mary Lou Klem, Denise G. Simons-Morton, David E. Kelley, Emily A. Finch, Maureen Malloy, Donna Wolf, Leeann Carmichael, Deborah Robles, Diane Hirsch, Elizabeth Bovaird, Justin Glass, Robert Kuehnel, Brenda Montgomery, Didas Fallis, Jennifer Gauvin, Kim Landry, Michaela Rahorst, Renate H. Rosenthal, William C. Knowler, Robert W. Jeffery, Monika M. Safford, John P. Foreyt, Ellen J. Anderson, Michelle Chan, Cathy Manus, Julie Currin, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Erin Patterson, Jeanne M. Clark, Mara Z. Vitolins, Nancy Scurlock, Stanley Heshka, Ken C. Chiu, Vicki DiLillo, Donna H. Ryan, Mary Evans, La Donna James, Edward W. Gregg, Gary D. Foster, Connie Mobley, Christian Speas, Eva Obarzanek, Caitlin Egan, Renee Bright, Frank L. Greenway, Robert S. Schwartz, Robert C. Kores, Ann Goebel-Fabbri, Anna Bertorelli, Ann McNamara, Patricia Lipschutz, Heather Chenot, Maria Sun, Helen Chomentowski, Carlos Lorenzo, Pamela Coward, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Donald A. Williamson, Heather Turgeon, Alan McNamara, Barbara Bancroft, Jonathan Krakoff, Debi Celnik, Erica Ferguson, Molly Gee, Lewis H. Kuller, Tatum Charron, Deborah Maier, Amelia Hodges, Linda M. Delahanty, Mary Anne Holowaty, Janet Krulia, Rebecca Danchenko, Van S. Hubbard, Rebecca S. Reeves, Lindsey Munkwitz, Linda Foss, Don Kieffer, Kara I. Gallagher, Paul M. Ribisl, Heather McCormick, David F. Williamson, Carrie Combs, Birgitta I. Rice, Edward S. Horton, Zhu Ming Zhang, Stanley Schwartz, Sharon Hall, Clara Smith, Janet Bonk, Richard Ginsburg, Cathy Roche, Mark A. Espeland, Jennifer Rush, Elizabeth Tucker, Tricia Skarpol, Maureen Daly, Susan Z. Yanovski, Nita Webb, John P. Bantle, George A. Bray, Amy A. Gorin, Theresa Michel, Lori Lambert, Lauren Lessard, Jennifer Patricio, Greg Strylewicz, Charles Campbell, Wei Lang, Cecilia Farach, Richard Carey, Vincent Pera, Carolyne Campbell, Medhat Botrous, Robert H. Knopp, William R. Hiatt, David M. Reboussin, Carolyn Thorson, Daniel Edmundowicz, Marsha Miller, Mandy Shipp, Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben, Monica Mullen, Louise Hesson, Ruby Johnson, Henry J. Pownall, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Natalie Robinson, Barbara Steiner, Enrico Cagliero, Sheikilya Thomas, Carol Percy, Paula Bolin, Debra Force, Lawton S. Cooper, Kathy Horak, Juliet Mancino, M. Patricia Snyder, Salma Benchekroun, Stephen P. Glasser, Douglas A. Raynor, Jeanne Charleston, Richard R. Rubin, Gracie Cunningham, Lawrence J. Cheskin, Anthony N. Fabricatore, Brandi Armand, Kimberley Chula-Maquire, Helen Lambeth, April Hamilton, Cynthia Hayashi, Straci Gilbert, Kerry J. Stewart, Cora E. Lewis, Mohammed F. Saad, Janelia Smiley, Andrea M. Kriska, Richard F. Hamman, J. P. Massaro, Barb Elnyczky, Lisa Palermo, Tammy Monk, Donna Green, Patrick Reddin, Peter H. Bennett, Kerry Ovalle, Pat Harper, Therese Ockenden, Kerin Brelje, Christos S. Mantzoros, Santica M. Marcovina, Amy Keranen, Deborah F. Tate, John M. Jakicic, Trena Johnsey, Judith G. Regensteiner, Bernadette Todacheenie, Ray Carvajal, Sarah Bain, Minnie Roanhorse, Sandra Sangster, Tina Killean, Jennifer Perault, Bruce Redmon, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Anne E. Mathews, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Rob Nicholson, Allison Strate, Hollie A. Raynor, L. Christie Oden, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Leigh A. Shovestull, Tina Morgan, Judith Regenseiner, Roque M. Murillo, Delia S. West, Jason Maeda, Kathryn Hayward, Patricia E. Hogan, Kristin Wallace, Maria G. Montez, John A. Shepherd, Loretta Rome, Judith E. Soberman, Peter B. Jones, Andrea Crisler, Enrique Caballero, Frederick L. Brancati, and Brent VanDorsten
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Brachial Artery, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Cohort Studies, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Obesity, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Standard error, Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiology, Female, Ankle, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Algorithms, Ankle Joint, Cohort study
Abstract: Abstract Many protocols have been used in clinical and research settings for collecting systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements to calculate the ankle–brachial index (ABI); however, it is not known how useful it is to replicate measurements and which measures best reflect cardiovascular risk. Standardized measurements of ankle and arm SBP from 5140 overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes were used to estimate sources of variation. Measurement characteristics of leg-specific ABI, as calculated using a standard algorithm based on the highest SBP of the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries, were projected using simulations. Coefficients of variability ranged from 2% to 3% when single SBP measurements were used and ABI was overestimated by 2–3%. Taking two SBP measurements at each site reduced standard errors and bias each by 30–40%. The sensitivity of detecting low ABI ranges exceeded 90% for ABI within 0.05 of the 0.90 clinical cut-point. The average and the minimum of the two (i.e. right and left) leg-specific ABI values had similar U-shaped relationships with Framingham risk scores; however, the average leg ABI had slightly greater precision. Replicating SBP measurements reduces the error and bias of ABI. Averaging leg-specific values may increase power for characterizing cardiovascular disease risk.
Published: 2008
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4. Reduction in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Steven E. Kahn, John M. Jakicic, Susan Z. Yanovski, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, George A. Bray, William C. Knowler, Edward S. Horton, David M. Nathan, Jennifer Patricio, Frederick L. Brancati, Donna H. Ryan, J. Bruce Redmon, Rebecca S. Reeves, Robert W. Jeffery, Monika M. Safford, Steven M. Haffner, Cora E. Lewis, David E. Kelley, Thomas A. Wadden, Brenda Montgomery, George L. Blackburn, Barbara Harrison, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Karen C. Johnson, James O. Hill, Renee Bright, Brent Van Dorsten, Mark A. Espeland, Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben, Rena R. Wing, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Jeanne M. Clark, Kathryn Graves, Anne L. Peters, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Abbas E. Kitabchi, and John P. Foreyt
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Research design, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Incidence (epidemiology), Physical fitness, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Weight loss, law, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index
Abstract: OBJECTIVE—The effectiveness of intentional weight loss in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in type 2 diabetes is unknown. This report describes 1-year changes in CVD risk factors in a trial designed to examine the long-term effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on the incidence of major CVD events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study consisted of a multicentered, randomized, controlled trial of 5,145 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 45–74 years, with BMI >25 kg/m2 (>27 kg/m2 if taking insulin). An intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) involving group and individual meetings to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity was compared with a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition. RESULTS—Participants assigned to ILI lost an average 8.6% of their initial weight vs. 0.7% in DSE group (P < 0.001). Mean fitness increased in ILI by 20.9 vs. 5.8% in DSE (P < 0.001). A greater proportion of ILI participants had reductions in diabetes, hypertension, and lipid-lowering medicines. Mean A1C dropped from 7.3 to 6.6% in ILI (P < 0.001) vs. from 7.3 to 7.2% in DSE. Systolic and diastolic pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio improved significantly more in ILI than DSE participants (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—At 1 year, ILI resulted in clinically significant weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes. This was associated with improved diabetes control and CVD risk factors and reduced medicine use in ILI versus DSE. Continued intervention and follow-up will determine whether these changes are maintained and will reduce CVD risk.
Published: 2007
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5. Nontraditional Treatment Approaches for Obesity

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Gerontology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Text mining, business.industry, medicine, business, medicine.disease, Obesity
Published: 2006
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6. Behavioral Interventions for Obesity

Author: Walker S. C. Poston, LaVerne A. Berkel, Rebecca S. Reeves, and John P. Foreyt
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, Type 2 diabetes, Pharmacotherapy, Behavior Therapy, Weight loss, Health care, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Caloric Restriction, Food, Formulated, Internet, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Public health, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Physical Fitness, Anti-Obesity Agents, medicine.symptom, business, Stimulus control, Food Science
Abstract: Because of the increased risk of comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and osteoarthritis, and the high health care costs associated with obesity, researchers and clinicians continually search for low-cost and effective treatments for weight loss and weight maintenance. In this article we provide an overview of the principles of behavior modification as applied to the treatment of obesity, examine the benefits of augmenting behavioral interventions with pharmacotherapy, and review the use of less-traditional applications of behavior modification in the treatment of obesity, specifically Internet interventions, meal replacements, and telephone interventions. Based on our review, we conclude that these less-traditional approaches can be used effectively to apply the principles of behavior modification, specifically stimulus control and self-monitoring, to obese patients. Future directions for research are outlined, which include examining the use of nontraditional behavioral interventions with children and the development of culturally sensitive interventions for racial and ethnic minority populations.
Published: 2005
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7. Autonomous Stimulation of Cancer Cell Plasticity by the Human NKG2D Lymphocyte Receptor Coexpressed with Its Ligands on Cancer Cells

Author: Veronika Groh, Kate L. Duran, Peggy L. Porter, Andrea Caballero-Benitez, Thomas Spies, Rebecca S. Reeves, Z. Dai, Jeffrey J. Delrow, and Xin Cai
Subjects: Lymphocyte, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Ligands, Metastasis, Mice, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Basic Cancer Research, Medicine and Health Sciences, Receptors, Immunologic, lcsh:Science, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, hemic and immune systems, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Heterografts, Stem cell, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Tumor Immunology, Cell signaling, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Immunology, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, Cancer stem cell, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, NKG2D, Disease Models, Animal, Cancer cell, Cancer research, lcsh:Q, Clinical Immunology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Cytometry
Abstract: The stimulatory NKG2D receptor on lymphocytes promotes tumor immune surveillance by targeting ligands selectively induced on cancer cells. Progressing tumors counteract by employing tactics to disable lymphocyte NKG2D. This negative dynamic is escalated as some human cancer cells co-opt expression of NKG2D, thereby complementing the presence of its ligands for autonomous stimulation of oncogenic signaling. Clinical association data imply relationships between cancer cell NKG2D and metastatic disease. Here we show that NKG2D promotes cancer cell plasticity by induction of phenotypic, molecular, and functional signatures diagnostic of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and of stem-like traits via induction of Sox9, a key transcriptional regulator of breast stem cell maintenance. These findings obtained with model breast tumor lines and xenotransplants were recapitulated by ex vivo cancer cells from primary invasive breast carcinomas. Thus, NKG2D may have the capacity to drive high malignancy traits underlying metastatic disease.
Published: 2014

8. Partial Meal Replacement Plan and Quality of the Diet at 1 Year: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial

Author: Hollie A. Raynor, Andrea M. Anderson, Gary D. Miller, Rebecca Reeves, Linda M. Delahanty, Mara Z. Vitolins, Patricia Harper, Connie Mobley, Kati Konersman, Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, Frederick L. Brancati, Jeff Honas, Lawrence Cheskin, Jeanne M. Clark, Kerry Stewart, Richard Rubin, Jeanne Charleston, Kathy Horak, George A. Bray, Kristi Rau, Allison Strate, Brandi Armand, Frank L. Greenway, Donna H. Ryan, Donald Williamson, Amy Bachand, Michelle Begnaud, Betsy Berhard, Elizabeth Caderette, Barbara Cerniauskas, David Creel, Diane Crow, Helen Guay, Nancy Kora, Kelly LaFleur, Kim Landry, Missy Lingle, Jennifer Perault, Mandy Shipp, Marisa Smith, Elizabeth Tucker, Cora E. Lewis, Sheikilya Thomas, Monika Safford, Vicki DiLillo, Charlotte Bragg, Amy Dobelstein, Stacey Gilbert, Stephen Glasser, Sara Hannum, Anne Hubbell, Jennifer Jones, DeLavallade Lee, Ruth Luketic, Karen Marshall, L. Christie Oden, Janet Raines, Cathy Roche, Janet Truman, Nita Webb, Audrey Wrenn, David M. Nathan, Heather Turgeon, Kristina Schumann, Enrico Cagliero, Linda Delahanty, Kathryn Hayward, Ellen Anderson, Laurie Bissett, Richard Ginsburg, Valerie Goldman, Virginia Harlan, Charles McKitrick, Alan McNamara, Theresa Michel, Alexi Poulos, Barbara Steiner, Joclyn Tosch, Edward S. Horton, Sharon D. Jackson, Osama Hamdy, A. Enrique Caballero, Sarah Bain, Elizabeth Bovaird, Ann Goebel-Fabbri, Lori Lambert, Sarah Ledbury, Maureen Malloy, Kerry Ovalle, George Blackburn, Christos Mantzoros, Kristinia Day, Ann McNamara, James O. Hill, Marsha Miller, JoAnn Phillipp, Robert Schwartz, Brent Van Dorsten, Judith Regensteiner, Salma Benchekroun, Ligia Coelho, Paulette Cohrs, Elizabeth Daeninck, Amy Fields, Susan Green, April Hamilton, Jere Hamilton, Eugene Leshchinskiy, Michael McDermott, Lindsey Munkwitz, Loretta Rome, Kristin Wallace, Terra Worley, John P. Foreyt, Rebecca S. Reeves, Henry Pownall, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Peter Jones, Michele Burrington, Chu-Huang Chen, Allyson Clark, Molly Gee, Sharon Griggs, Michelle Hamilton, Veronica Holley, Jayne Joseph, Patricia Pace, Julieta Palencia, Olga Satterwhite, Jennifer Schmidt, Devin Volding, Carolyn White, Mohammed F. Saad, Siran Ghazarian, Ken C. Chiu, Medhat Botrous, Michelle Chan, Magpuri Perpetua, Karen C. Johnson, Carolyn Gresham, Stephanie Connelly, Amy Brewer, Mace Coday, Lisa Jones, Lynne Lichtermann, Shirley Vosburg, J. Lee Taylor, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Helen Lambeth, Debra Clark, Andrea Crisler, Gracie Cunningham, Donna Green, Debra Force, Robert Kores, Renate Rosenthal, Elizabeth Smith, Maria Sun, Judith Soberman, Robert W. Jeffery, Carolyn Thorson, John P. Bantle, J. Bruce Redmon, Richard S. Crow, Scott Crow, Susan K. Raatz, Kerrin Brelje, Carolyne Campbell, Jeanne Carls, Tara Carmean-Mihm, Emily Finch, Anna Fox, Elizabeth Hoelscher, La Donna James, Vicki A. Maddy, Therese Ockenden, Birgitta I. Rice, Tricia Skarphol, Ann D. Tucker, Mary Susan Voeller, Cara Walcheck, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Jennifer Patricio, Stanley Heshka, Carmen Pal, Lynn Allen, Diane Hirsch, Mary Anne Holowaty, Thomas A. Wadden, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Stanley Schwartz, Gary D. Foster, Robert I. Berkowitz, Henry Glick, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Johanna Brock, Helen Chomentowski, Vicki Clark, Canice Crerand, Renee Davenport, Andrea Diamond, Anthony Fabricatore, Louise Hesson, Stephanie Krauthamer-Ewing, Robert Kuehnel, Patricia Lipschutz, Monica Mullen, Leslie Womble, Nayyar Iqbal, David E. Kelley, Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben, Lewis Kuller, Andrea Kriska, Janet Bonk, Rebecca Danchenko, Daniel Edmundowicz, Mary L. Klem, Monica E. Yamamoto, Barb Elnyczky, George A. Grove, Pat Harper, Janet Krulia, Juliet Mancino, Anne Mathews, Tracey Y. Murray, Joan R. Ritchea, Jennifer Rush, Karen Vujevich, Donna Wolf, Rena R. Wing, Renee Bright, Vincent Pera, John Jakicic, Deborah Tate, Amy Gorin, Kara Gallagher, Amy Bach, Barbara Bancroft, Anna Bertorelli, Richard Carey, Tatum Charron, Heather Chenot, Kimberley Chula-Maguire, Pamela Coward, Lisa Cronkite, Julie Currin, Maureen Daly, Caitlin Egan, Erica Ferguson, Linda Foss, Jennifer Gauvin, Don Kieffer, Lauren Lessard, Deborah Maier, J.P. Massaro, Tammy Monk, Rob Nicholson, Erin Patterson, Suzanne Phelan, Hollie Raynor, Douglas Raynor, Natalie Robinson, Deborah Robles, Jane Tavares, Steven M. Haffner, Maria G. Montez, Carlos Lorenzo, Steven E. Kahn, Brenda Montgomery, Robert Knopp, Edward Lipkin, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Dace Trence, Terry Barrett, Joli Bartell, Diane Greenberg, Anne Murillo, Betty Ann Richmond, April Thomas, William C. Knowler, Paula Bolin, Tina Killean, Cathy Manus, Jonathan Krakoff, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Justin Glass, Sara Michaels, Peter H. Bennett, Tina Morgan, Shandiin Begay, Bernadita Fallis, Jeanette Hermes, Diane F. Hollowbreast, Ruby Johnson, Maria Meacham, Julie Nelson, Carol Percy, Patricia Poorthunder, Sandra Sangster, Nancy Scurlock, Leigh A. Shovestull, Janelia Smiley, Katie Toledo, Christina Tomchee, Darryl Tonemah, Anne Peters, Valerie Ruelas, Siran Ghazarian Sengardi, Kathryn Graves, Sara Serafin-Dokhan, Mark A. Espeland, Judy L. Bahnson, Lynne Wagenknecht, David Reboussin, W. Jack Rejeski, Alain Bertoni, Wei Lang, Gary Miller, David Lefkowitz, Patrick S. Reynolds, Paul Ribisl, Mara Vitolins, Michael Booth, Kathy M. Dotson, Amelia Hodges, Carrie C. Williams, Jerry M. Barnes, Patricia A. Feeney, Jason Griffin, Lea Harvin, William Herman, Patricia Hogan, Sarah Jaramillo, Mark King, Kathy Lane, Rebecca Neiberg, Andrea Ruggiero, Christian Speas, Michael P. Walkup, Karen Wall, Michelle Ward, Delia S. West, Terri Windham, Michael Nevitt, Susan Ewing, Cynthia Hayashi, Jason Maeda, Lisa Palermo, Michaela Rahorst, Ann Schwartz, John Shepherd, Santica M. Marcovina, Greg Strylewicz, Ronald J. Prineas, Teresa Alexander, Lisa Billings, Charles Campbell, Sharon Hall, Susan Hensley, Yabing Li, Zhu-Ming Zhang, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Robert Moran, Richard Foushee, Nancy J. Hall, Barbara Harrison, Van S. Hubbard, Susan Z. Yanovski, Lawton S. Cooper, Jeffrey Cutler, Eva Obarzanek, Edward W. Gregg, David F. Williamson, and Ping Zhang
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Meal replacement, Diet, Reducing, Ethnic group, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Motor Activity, Article, law.invention, Body Mass Index, Nutrition Policy, Food group, Randomized controlled trial, law, Environmental health, Diabetes mellitus, Diet, Diabetic, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Precision Medicine, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Life Style, Meals, Aged, Foods, Specialized, Meal, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, United States, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Physical therapy, Patient Compliance, Female, medicine.symptom, Snacks, business, Food Science
Abstract: Background Little is known about diet quality with a reduced-energy, low-fat, partial meal replacement plan, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial implemented a partial meal replacement plan in the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention. Objective To compare dietary intake and percent meeting fat-related and food group dietary recommendations in Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Diabetes Support and Education groups at 12 months. Design A randomized controlled trial comparing Intensive Lifestyle Intervention with Diabetes Support and Education at 0 and 12 months. Participants/setting From 16 US sites, the first 50% of participants (aged 45 to 76 years, overweight or obese, with type 2 diabetes) were invited to complete dietary assessments. Complete 0- and 12-month dietary assessments (collected between 2001 and 2004) were available for 2,397 participants (46.6% of total participants), with 1,186 randomized to Diabetes Support and Education group and 1,211 randomized to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention group. Main outcome measures A food frequency questionnaire assessed intake: energy; percent energy from protein, fat, carbohydrate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats; trans -fatty acids; cholesterol; fiber; weekly meal replacements; and daily servings from food groups from the Food Guide Pyramid. Statistical analyses performed Mixed-factor analyses of covariance, using Proc MIXED with a repeated statement, with age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income controlled. Unadjusted χ 2 tests compared percent meeting fat-related and food group recommendations at 12 months. Results At 12 months, Intensive Lifestyle Intervention participants had a significantly lower fat and cholesterol intake and greater fiber intake than Diabetes Support and Education participants. Intensive Lifestyle Intervention participants consumed more servings per day of fruits; vegetables; and milk, yogurt, and cheese; and fewer servings per day of fats, oils, and sweets than Diabetes Support and Education participants. A greater percentage of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention participants than Diabetes Support and Education participants met fat-related and most food group recommendations. Within Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, a greater percentage of participants consuming two or more meal replacements per day than participants consuming less than one meal replacement per day met most fat-related and food group recommendations. Conclusions The partial meal replacement plan consumed by Intensive Lifestyle Intervention participants was related to superior diet quality.
Published: 2014

9. Implications of Look AHEAD for clinical trials and clinical practice

Author: Pamela Coward, Ping Zhang, Lea N. Harvin, Andrea Anderson, Limprevil Divers Dominique, Louise Hesson, Ruby Johnson, Lisa Keasler, Judith G. Regensteiner, Karen Wall, Vincent Pera, John A. Shepherd, Robert H. Knopp, Donna LaJames, Carolyn Gresham, Robert Moran, Jean Arceci, Joan R. Ritchea, Carlos C. Isaac, Michelle Hamilton, Joyce Lambert, Jeanne M. Clark, Tammy DeBruce, Sheikilya Thomas, Janet Crane, Valerie Goldman, Delia Smith West, Mace Coday, David Lefkowitz, Tricia Skarphol, Julie Currin, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Mary Barr, Dawn Jiggetts, Julia Rushing, Patricia H. Harper, Ann D. Tucker, Raymond Carvajal, Rebecca Danchenko, David M. Reboussin, Amy Brewer, Valerie Ruelas, Daniel Edmundowicz, Marsha Miller, Rena R. Wing, Melanie A. Jaeb, Monica Mullen, Amy Bach, Paula Bolin, Serafin Dokhan Sara, Debra Force, Diane F. Hollowbreast, Carol Percy, Deborah Maier, Quintero Varela Brenda, Susan Green, Kathy Michalski, David Bolen, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Kati Konersman, Mayer Davis Elizabeth, Kerrin Brelje, Anthony N. Fabricatore, Anne Hubbell, Goebel Fabbri Ann, Jayne Thomas, Linda Foss, Richard S. Crow, Charles F. Coleman, Crystal Duncan, Cralen Davis, Martha Walker, Kirstie Craul, Carolyn White, Maria G. Montez, Theresa Michel, Douglas A. Raynor, David O. Garcia, Huang Chu-Chen, Thomas A. Wadden, Kristi Rau, Tamika Earl, Monica Lockett, Bernadita Fallis, Pi Sunyer Xavier, Cathy Roche, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Allison Strate, Robert I. Berkowitz, Sara Michaels, B. Van Dorsten, S. Cooper, Elaine Tsai, Patrick S. Reynolds, Michael S. Lawlor, Jerry M. Barnes, Wei Lang, Tara D. Beckner, Lisa Hoelscher, Janet Turman, Juliet Mancino, Gabriela Rodriguez, Lynn Allen, Gabriela Rios, Amy D. Rickman, Cathy Manus, Julie Hu, James O. Hill, Lauren Lessard, Catherine M. Champagne, Lawrence J. Cheskin, Jeanne Charleston, Peter B. Jones, Barbara Cerniauskas, Maria Sowers, Ebenezer A Nyenwe, Jeanne Spellman, Debra Clark, Carolyne Campbell, Terri Windham, Nora Ramirez, Jennifer Patricio, Janet Wallace, Donald A. Williamson, Nayyar Iqbal, Carolyn Thorson, Elizabeth Beale, Lauren Cox, Teddy Thomas, Sarah Lee, Lin Ewing, L. Christie Oden, Steven E. Kahn, Deborah F. Tate, Jason Maeda, Renee Davenport, Linda M. Delahanty, Sarah Ledbury, Kathy Dotson, Carmen Pal, Vinod Gaur, Alain G. Bertoni, Sharon D. Jackson, Kim Landry, Lucy F. Faulconbridge, Gary D. Miller, Mark A. Espeland, Dianne Heidingsfelder, William C. Knowler, Helen Guay, Frank L. Greenway, Richard Carey, Siran Ghazarian, Heather Chenot, Osama Hamdy, Barbara Fargnoli, Morgan Taggart Ivy, Henry A. Glick, Rose Salata, Alan Wesley, Charlotte Bragg, Sarah A. Gaussoin, Hensley Susan, Vicki DiLillo, Ann McNamara, Haiying Chen, Terra Thompson, Patricia Lipschutz, Lisa Jones, Steven M. Haffner, Erin Patterson, Paul Bloomquist, Michelle Horowitz, Janelia Smiley, Andrea M. Kriska, Sarah Longenecker, Marisa Smith, Susan Copelli, Lane L. Liscum, Christina Morris, Holly R. Wyatt, Jason Griffin, Henry J. Pownall, John M. Jakicic, Frederick L. Brancati, Judy Bahnson, Loretta Rome, Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben, Jessica Hurting, J. P. Massaro, Heather Turgeon, Jonathan Krakoff, Diane M. Greenberg, Patti Laqua, Mary E. Larkin, Yuliis Bell, Kathryn Hayward, Jennifer Arceneaux, Jackie Roche, Cora E. Lewis, Helen P. Hazuda, Susan K. Ewing, Carrie C. Williams, Kari Galuski, Anne Murillo, Sarah Bain, Miranda Smart, Amelia Hodges, Van S. Hubbard, Caitlin M. Egan, Christine Stevens, Mary T. Korytkowski, Cecilia Wang, Sharon Griggs, Kristina Spellman, Missy Lingle, Natalie Robinson, Molly Gee, Tatum Charron, Maschak Carey Barbara, Paul M. Ribisl, Helen Lambeth, Sandra Sangster, David M. Nathan, Lisa Palermo, Tammy Monk, Effoe E. Sammah, Donna Green, Kathy Lane, Richard Foushee, Valerie H. Myers, April Thomas, Yabing Li, Tina Killean, Jennifer Perault, Edward W. Gregg, Peter H. Bennett, Sara Hannum, Edward W. Lipkin, Jane Tavares, Helen Chomentowski, Enrico Cagliero, Andre Morgan, Paulette Cohrs, Dalane W. Kitzman, Susan Harrier, Kerry Ovalle, Maureen Daly, Susan Z. Yanovski, George A. Bray, Basma Fattaleh, W. Jack Rejeski, Diane G. Ives, David E. Kelley, J. Bruce Redmon, Patricia Poorthunder, Erica Ferguson, Michaela Rahorst, Katie Toledo, J. Lee Taylor, Elizabeth Smith, Birgitta I. Rice, Edward S. Horton, Zhu Ming Zhang, George L. Blackburn, Renate H. Rosenthal, Karen Quirin, Vicki A. Maddy, Jennifer Schmidt, Veronica Holley, Therese Ockenden, April Hamilton, Mary A. Hontz, Brenda Montgomery, Barbara Harrison, Carolyn Johnson, Cindy Puckett, A. Enrique Caballero, Valle Fagan Thania Del, Cynthia Hayashi, Ellen J. Anderson, Christos S. Mantzoros, Diane Hirsch, Kerry J. Stewart, Renee Bright, Santica M. Marcovina, Virginia Harlan, Mary Evans, Michael P. Walkup, Danielle Diggins, Barbara Bancroft, Lynne Lichtermann, Kathy Tyler, Anne L. Peters, Lee Swartzc, Karen C. Johnson, Mario Stylianou, Elizabeth Bovaird, Robert C. Kores, Donna H. Ryan, Susan S. Voeller, Lisa Cronkite, Lori Lambert, Clark C. Gardner, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Laurie Bissett, L B. Coelho, Don Kieffer, John P. Bantle, L. Brancati, Ann V. Schwartz, Jennifer Gauvin, Mara Z. Vitolins, Jolanta Socha, Debbie Bochert, Susanne Danus, Chula Maguire Kimberley, Gary D. Foster, Caitlin Egan, Eugene Leshchinskiy, Sara Evans, Stephen P. Glasser, Barbara Elnyczky, John J. Albers, Richard R. Rubin, Gracie Cunningham, Julieta Palencia, Beate Griffin, Kathy Hathaway, Michele Burrington, Tracey Y. Murray, Lewis H. Kuller, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Edgar Ramirez, Ann A. Richmond, Robert W. Jeffery, Monika M. Safford, Stanley Schwartz, John P. Foreyt, Nancy J. Hall, Candace Goode, Jere T. Hamilton, Maureen Malloy, Robert Kuehnel, Mark King, Don Hire, David F. Williamson, Lavallade DeLee, R.J. Prineas, Amy A. Gorin, Anne A. Holowaty, Donna Valenski, Moana Mosby, Anna Bertorelli, Carlos Lorenzo, Susan Cantu-Lumbreras, Kara I. Gallagher, Tandaw E. Samdarshi, Dace L. Trence, Michelle Begnaud, Melanie Franks, Amy Dobelstein, Jane King, Deborah Robles, Hollie A. Raynor, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Diane Wheeler, Rob Nicholson, Suzanne Phelan, Cara Walcheck, Michael C. Nevitt, Julie A. Nelson, Maria Meacham, Rebecca S. Reeves, Leigh A. Shovestull, Seth Braunstein, Mia Johnson, Chanchai Sapun, Lawrence M. Friedman, Lolline Chong, Daniel P. Beavers, Patricia E. Hogan, Domingo Granado, Lisa Martich, Timothy S. Church, Andrea Crisler, and Peter Kaufman
Subjects: Research design, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Article, law.invention, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, Patient Education as Topic, law, Weight loss, Diabetes mellitus, Surveys and Questionnaires, Weight Loss, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Triglycerides, Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, business.industry, Incidence, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Clinical trial, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Design, Physical therapy, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) was a randomized clinical trial designed to examine the long-term health effects of weight loss in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. The primary result was that the incidence of cardiovascular events over a median follow-up of 9.6 years was not reduced in the Intensive Lifestyle Group relative to the control group. This finding is discussed, with emphasis on its implications for design of trials and clinical treatment of obese persons with type 2 diabetes.
Published: 2014

10. Evaluation of a Culturally Appropriate Intervention to Increase Physical Activity

Author: Poston Ws nd, J. K. Dunn, Norma Olvera, Rebecca S. Reeves, John P. Foreyt, Craig L. Hanis, Christopher K. Haddock, and Richard R. Suminski
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Adolescent, Social Psychology, Population, Physical activity, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Baseline activity, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Obesity, education, Exercise, Life Style, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Hispanic or Latino, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Texas, Physical therapy, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Culturally appropriate
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a culturally appropriate intervention to increase activity in overweight Mexican American women. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to a physical activity program or wait-list control. RESULTS: Treated participants were not more active than controls at 6 or 12 months. In addition, we found no significant differences in the proportion of individuals who met an objective criterion for physical activity from baseline to 6 months in the treatment or control groups. CONCLUSION: The intervention did not increase physical activity in this population. Differences in baseline activity and contamination of the control group may partially account for the outcome.
Published: 2001
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11. Marine ω-3 Fatty Acid Intake

Author: L. M. Belalcazar, David M. Reboussin, S. M. Haffner, Rebecca S. Reeves, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, Dawn C. Schwenke, Christie M. Ballantyne, and Ron C. Hoogeveen
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, medicine.disease, Obesity, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, business, Body mass index, Unsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine usual marine ω-3 fatty acid (mO-3FA) intake in individuals with diabetes; its association with adiposity, lipid, and glucose control; and its changes with behavioral lifestyle intervention for weight loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional and 1-year longitudinal analyses were performed on 2,397 Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants. Look AHEAD is a cardiovascular outcome trial evaluating the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Baseline mO-3FA intake was 162 ± 138 mg/day. It was inversely associated with triglycerides (β = −0.41, P < 0.001) and weakly with HDL (β = 4.14, P = 0.050), after multiple covariate adjustment. One-year mO-3FA and fried/sandwich fish intake decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS mO-3FA intake in Look AHEAD participants was low but associated favorably with lipids. These results encourage investigation on the potential benefits of increasing mO-3FA intake in lifestyle interventions for weight loss in individuals with diabetes.
Published: 2009
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12. Binge eating severity, self-concept, dieting self-efficacy and social support during treatment of binge eating disorder

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves, Victor R. Pendleton, John P. Foreyt, Kay T. Kimball, Walker S. C. Poston, and G. Ken Goodrick
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Binge eating, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, medicine.disease, Obesity, Psychiatry and Mental health, Social support, Eating disorders, Binge-eating disorder, medicine, Binge Eating Scale, medicine.symptom, Psychiatry, Psychology, Body mass index, Dieting
Abstract: Objective In treatment of binge eating, measures of self-concept, eating self-efficacy, and social support were examined at 0, 6, and 18 months to determine if improvements in these variables were associated with reductions in binge eating severity. Method Obese adult females (N = 125) were treated for 6 months, with 12 months of maintenance meetings. The Binge Eating Scale (BES), Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSC), Dieter's Inventory of Eating Temptations (DIET), and a social support measure (SocSup) were used. Results Over the first 6 months, improvements in BES were associated with improvements in the TSC and DIET. Over 18 months, improvements in BES were associated with improvements in the TSC, DIET, and SocSup. Discussion Therapy for binge eating should result in improvement in self-concept and eating self-efficacy, as well as reductions in binge eating. This study showed that self-concept and eating self-efficacy were associated with improvement in binge eating severity. The association with social support did not appear until long-term follow-up. Improvement in self-concept and eating self-efficacy may be processes leading to clinical improvement in this eating disorder, or they may result from changes in binge eating. © 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 26: 295–300, 1999.
Published: 1999
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13. Effects on tumor development and metastatic dissemination by the NKG2D lymphocyte receptor expressed on cancer cells

Author: Ahmed El-Gazzar, Ted Gooley, Rebecca S. Reeves, George E. Sale, Z. Dai, Veronika Groh, David L. McDonald, Julio Vazquez, Andrea Caballero-Benitez, Xin Cai, and Thomas Spies
Subjects: Cancer Research, Cell Survival, medicine.medical_treatment, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Breast Neoplasms, Tumor initiation, Mice, SCID, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Mice, angiogenesis, Immune system, breast cancer, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, metastasis, Neoplasm Metastasis, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Intravasation, Cancer, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental, Membrane Proteins, hemic and immune systems, xenotransplant, Immunotherapy, NKG2D, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K, Immunology, Cancer cell, Cancer research, MCF-7 Cells, Heterografts, Female, RNA Interference, Carcinogenesis, Carrier Proteins, NKG2D receptor
Abstract: The stimulatory NKG2D lymphocyte receptor together with its tumor-associated ligands enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, with dynamic changes unfolding, cancers exploit NKG2D and its ligands for immune evasion and suppression. Recent findings have added yet another functional dimension, wherein cancer cells themselves co-opt NKG2D for their own benefit to complement the presence of its ligands for self-stimulation of parameters of tumorigenesis. Those findings are here extended to in vivo tumorigenicity testing by employing orthotopic xenotransplant breast cancer models in mice. Using human cancer lines with ectopic NKG2D expression and RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated protein depletion among other controls, we show that NKG2D self-stimulation has tumor-promoting capacity. NKG2D signals had no notable effects on cancer cell proliferation and survival but acted at the level of angiogenesis, thus promoting tumor growth, tumor cell intravasation and dissemination. NKG2D-mediated effects on tumor initiation may represent another factor in the observed overall enhancement of tumor development. Altogether, these results may have an impact on immunotherapy approaches, which currently do not account for such NKG2D effects in cancer patients and thus could be misdirected as underlying assumptions are incomplete.
Published: 2013

14. Plasma concentrations of trans fatty acids in persons with type 2 diabetes between September 2002 and April 2004

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves, Mara Z. Vitolins, Dawn C. Schwenke, John P. Foreyt, and Edgar R. Miller
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (miscellaneous), Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Food Supply, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Weight loss, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Obesity, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, Middle Aged, Trans Fatty Acids, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, Diet, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Background: transFatty acids (TFAs) increase cardiovascular disease risk. TFAs and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the food supply may be declining with reciprocal increases in cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Objectives: We sought to determine whether plasma 18-carbon TFA and PUFA concentrations might decrease over time and whether there might be reciprocal increases in plasma cis-MUFAs and SFAs. Design: We studied 305 persons (171 women) taking part in Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes), a randomized trial of lifestyle intervention for weight loss to reduce major cardiovascular events in overweight and obese adults (aged 45–76 y) with type 2 diabetes who also participated in an ancillary study of oxidative stress. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of TFAs, cis-MUFAs, SFAs, and PUFAs measured in plasma before intervention (September 2002–April 2004). Results: In a model that included demographic characteristics, plasma total fatty acid concentration, BMI, serum insulin, statin use, season, and longitudinal time trend (R2 = 0.167, P < 0.0001), plasma TFAs decreased by 13.5%/y (95% CI: −22.7, −3.2%/y; absolute decrease 7.0 mg · L−1 · y−1; 95% CI: −12.5, −1.6 mg · L−1 · y−1; P = 0.012). This longitudinal trend was not significantly altered by further adjustment for dietary variables and physical activity. In contrast, longitudinal trends for PUFAs, cis-MUFAs, and SFAs were weak and not significant. Conclusions: This change in plasma concentrations of TFAs is consistent with changes in fatty acid composition that food manufacturers are likely to have made to avoid declaring TFAs on food labels. Further research will be needed to determine the overall effect of these changes on cardiovascular risk. The Look AHEAD trial is registered at clinicaltrials.govas {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00017953","term_id":"NCT00017953"}}NCT00017953.
Published: 2013

15. Increased frequency of consumption of prepared foods potentially high in trans‐fatty acids (TFA) is positively associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol in persons with type 2 diabetes

Author: Dawn C. Schwenke, Edgar R. Miller, Rebecca S. Reeves, Mara Z. Vitolins, and John P. Foreyt
Subjects: Consumption (economics), Chemistry, Genetics, medicine, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Type 2 diabetes, Food science, medicine.disease, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Published: 2012
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16. Response of free-living adults to behavioral treatment of obesity: Attrition and compliance to exercise

Author: John P. Foreyt, G. Ken Goodrick, Antonio M. Gotto, Linda Darnell, Alan H. Brown, Rebecca S. Reeves, and A. Scott Raynaud
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Waist, business.industry, Population, Behavioral treatment, medicine.disease, Obesity, Compliance (physiology), Clinical Psychology, Regimen, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Physical therapy, Attrition, business, education
Abstract: The effects of a behavior modification program were studied in a free-living population of mildly obese adults over a one-year period. A total of 165 subjects were randomly assigned to control or to exercise-only, diet-only, or exercise-plus-diet behavior modification groups. The diet plan consisted of a prudent, reduced-fat regimen. Most subjects chose brisk walking for exercise. After the first 3 months, diet intervention was associated with a significant reduction in weight, percent body fat, and waist circumference. After 12 months, mean weight of the exercise-plus-diet group was lower than that of the exercise-only group. Interpretation of these results is difficult, because many of the subjects failed to adhere to the behavioral recommendations. Problems in treating obese adults without close therapist scrutiny are discussed.
Published: 1993
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17. Weight Change among Mexican American Students Involved in an Intensive Intervention to Prevent and Treat Obesity

Author: Abeer El-Mubasher, Sandra A. Stansberry, Nguyenvu D Ly, John P. Foreyt, Rebecca S. Reeves, Jennette L. Palcic, and Craig A. Johnston
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Weight change, Alternative medicine, Mexican americans, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Obesity, Intervention (counseling), Genetics, Medicine, business, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology
Published: 2010
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18. Weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome given DASH diet counseling when provided a low sodium vegetable juice: a randomized controlled trial

Author: Walker S. C. Poston, Sonia F Shenoy, Barbara L. Winters, Carl L. Keen, Roberta R. Holt, C. Keith Haddock, Hsin Ju Chen, Alexandra Kazaks, Chor San Khoo, John P. Foreyt, and Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Counseling, Leptin, Male, Medicine (miscellaneous), Physiology, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular, Weight loss, Vegetables, Medicine, Prospective Studies, lcsh:RC620-627, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolic Syndrome X, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Middle Aged, Texas, Diet Records, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Hypertension, Biological Markers, Female, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, DASH diet, Population, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Dietary, Blood sugar, lcsh:TX341-641, Beverages, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Weight Loss, Humans, Obesity, education, Metabolic and endocrine, Nutrition, Aged, Sodium-Restricted, Nutrition & Dietetics, business.industry, Prevention, Research, Sodium, Sodium, Dietary, medicine.disease, Diet, Endocrinology, Metabolic syndrome, business, Biomarkers, Low sodium
Abstract: Background Metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is one of the fastest growing disease entities in the world. Weight loss is thought to be a key to improving all aspects of metabolic syndrome. Research studies have suggested benefits from diets rich in vegetables and fruits in helping individuals reach and achieve healthy weights. Objective To evaluate the effects of a ready to serve vegetable juice as part of a calorie-appropriate Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in an ethnically diverse population of people with Metabolic Syndrome on weight loss and their ability to meet vegetable intake recommendations, and on their clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure). A secondary goal was to examine the impact of the vegetable juice on associated parameters, including leptin, vascular adhesion markers, and markers of the oxidative defense system and of oxidative stress. Methods A prospective 12 week, 3 group (0, 8, or 16 fluid ounces of low sodium vegetable juice) parallel arm randomized controlled trial. Participants were requested to limit their calorie intake to 1600 kcals for women and 1800 kcals for men and were educated on the DASH diet. A total of 81 (22 men & 59 women) participants with Metabolic Syndrome were enrolled into the study. Dietary nutrient and vegetable intake, weight, height, leptin, metabolic syndrome clinical characteristics and related markers of endothelial and cardiovascular health were measured at baseline, 6-, and 12-weeks. Results There were significant group by time interactions when aggregating both groups consuming vegetable juice (8 or 16 fluid ounces daily). Those consuming juice lost more weight, consumed more Vitamin C, potassium, and dietary vegetables than individuals who were in the group that only received diet counseling (p < 0.05). Conclusion The incorporation of vegetable juice into the daily diet can be a simple and effective way to increase the number of daily vegetable servings. Data from this study also suggest the potential of using a low sodium vegetable juice in conjunction with a calorie restricted diet to aid in weight loss in overweight individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Published: 2010

19. Relation between adiposity and disease risk factors in Mexican American children

Author: Kelley Strohacker, Daniel P. O'Connor, Craig A. Johnston, Rebecca S. Reeves, Chermaine Tyler, Andrew S. Jackson, Brian K. McFarlin, and John P. Foreyt
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Blood lipids, Physiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Insulin resistance, Weight loss, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Mexican Americans, Medicine, Humans, Insulin, Obesity, Risk factor, Mexico, Triglycerides, Adiposity, biology, business.industry, Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, Cholesterol, HDL, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Lipids, United States, Endocrinology, C-Reactive Protein, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, biology.protein, Female, medicine.symptom, Insulin Resistance, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Objective: Excess adiposity is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of adiposity and disease risk factors in Mexican American children participating in a weight loss intervention. Subjects and Methods: Boys and girls (N = 170; 13.3 ±0.1 year) volunteered for additional testing from a larger study that demonstrated significant reduction in standardized body mass index. Insulin, C-reactive protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, glucose, and cholesterol profile were assessed. Results: Linear mixed models regression showed that changes in adiposity (standardized body mass index and triceps skinfold) were significantly related with changes in total cholesterol (P=0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (P < 0.001 ), insulin (P < 0.001 ), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The relation between measures of adiposity and disease risk factors was stable over time in children participating in an exercise/weight loss intervention. Also, our findings indicate that reducing adiposity results in an improvement of blood disease risk factors in Mexican American children.
Published: 2009

20. Inflammatory markers are elevated in overweight Mexican-American children

Author: John P. Foreyt, Michael L. Kueht, Chermaine Tyler, Craig A. Johnston, Alexander Hutchison, Brian K. McFarlin, and Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Blood lipids, Mexican americans, Overweight, Body weight, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Mexican Americans, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II, Interleukin 6, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Health Policy, C-reactive protein, Body Weight, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Inflammatory biomarkers, Lipids, Receptors, Interleukin-6, United States, Up-Regulation, Endocrinology, C-Reactive Protein, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, medicine.symptom, Inflammation Mediators, Insulin Resistance, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of body weight on blood lipid profile, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican-American children.Children (13.3+/-0.1 year) were recruited from a local school and assigned to one of three groups as a volunteer sample: healthy weight (HW) (or =10th and85th BMI percentile; n=42), at risk of overweight (RO) (or =85th and95th; n =25) or overweight (OW) (or =95th; n=42). Plasma concentrations of hsCRP, sCD14, sIL-6R, sTNF-alphaR1, sTNF-alphaR2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA.OW children had significantly greater plasma concentrations of hsCRP (P =0.003), sCD14 (P =0.013), sIL-6R (P =0.010), sTNF-alphaR1 (P0.001), sTNF-alphaR2 (P=0.005), insulin (P=0.001), TC:HDL ratio (P0.001) and triglycerides (P0.001) than HW children. Also plasma concentrations of hsCRP, sIL-6R and sTNF-alphaR1 were significantly greater in OW compared with RO children.Overweight Mexican-American children had a higher concentration of inflammatory biomarkers than healthy weight children. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that sCD14 is elevated in overweight compared with healthy weight Mexican-American children.
Published: 2007

21. Abstract 2505: Therapeutic efficacy of the ZVex™ and GLAAS™ platforms in a B16-F10/hCAIX melanoma mouse model

Author: Scott H. Robbins, Rebecca S. Reeves, David J. Campbell, Peter Berglund, Jan ter Meulen, and Patrick A. Flynn
Subjects: Cancer Research, Melanoma, Cancer, Biology, medicine.disease, Epitope, Transmembrane protein, Viral vector, Oncology, Antigen, Cancer cell, medicine, Cancer research, CD8
Abstract: ZVex™ and GLAAS™ are two dendritic-cell (DC) targeting platform technologies designed to enhance immune responses through the in vivo induction of antigen specific CD8 and CD4 T-cells, respectively. ZVex™ is a lentiviral vector pseudotyped with a modified Sindbis virus envelope engineered to deliver tumor antigen-encoding nucleic acids to dendritic cells in vivo. GLAAS™(Glucopyranosyl Lipid A Adjuvant System) activates DC by binding to the TLR-4 receptor and inducing strong Th1 type CD4 responses against co-delivered recombinant proteins. Currently both platform technologies are being investigated in phase I clinical trials in cancer patients. Human carbonic anhydrase 9 (hCAIX) is a tumor-associated transmembrane antigen that is over-expressed on various cancer cell types. We mapped hCAIX specific, multi-functional CD8 and CD4 T-cell epitopes within the extracellular and transmembrane regions of the protein for the mouse haplotype H-2b by intracellular cytokine staining. Mice lethally challenged s.c. on the flank with a B16-F10 tumor cell line expressing the hCAIX protein (designated BC.12) fully controlled large tumors (>100 mm2) when therapeutically immunized (subcutaneously at the base of tail) with ZVex™ encoding hCAIX or the recombinant hCAIX protein with GLAAS™ (either s.c. or i.m.). In both models, tumor control was dose-dependent. Additionally, the presence of a strong transmembrane H-2b restricted CD8 T-cell epitope was required for tumor control and regression. hCAIX-specific CD8 T-cell responses were detectable as far out as day 67 post challenge in mice displaying full regression of tumor. These results demonstrate proof of concept for ZVex™ and GLAAS™ platform technologies in an aggressive murine melanoma model. Citation Format: David J. Campbell, Rebecca S. Reeves, Patrick A. Flynn, Scott H. Robbins, Peter Berglund, Jan H. ter Meulen. Therapeutic efficacy of the ZVex™ and GLAAS™ platforms in a B16-F10/hCAIX melanoma mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2505. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2505
Published: 2015
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22. Evaluation of a primary care-oriented brief counselling intervention for obesity with and without orlistat

Author: Walker S. C. Poston, Rebecca S. Reeves, P. Jones, Patricia W. Pace, Megan M. Pinkston, N D Karakoc, Christopher K. Haddock, and John P. Foreyt
Subjects: Gerontology, Adult, Counseling, medicine.medical_specialty, Patient Dropouts, Psychological intervention, Lactones, Pharmacotherapy, Weight loss, Risk Factors, Weight Loss, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Life Style, Orlistat, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Attendance, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Physical therapy, Patient Compliance, Anti-Obesity Agents, medicine.symptom, Brief intervention, business, Body mass index, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective. There is a significant need for an obesity treatment model suitable for the primary care environment. We examined the effectiveness of a brief counselling intervention alone, in combination with orlistat, and drug-alone in a 12-month randomized-clinical trial at a medical school obesity centre. Methods. Participants (N = 250) with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 were randomized. Changes in body weight, lipids, blood pressure and serum glucose were examined. Drug adherence and attendance were also evaluated. Results. Completers analysis was conducted on 136 participants with data at baseline, 6 and 12 months and intention-to-treat analyses (ITT) for the total sample. Amongst completers, participants in the drug only (P = 0.012) and drug + brief counselling (P = 0.001) groups lost more weight (mean ± SD: −3.8 ± 5.8 kg and −4.8 ± 4.4 kg, respectively) than participants in the brief counselling only group at 6 months (−1.7 ± 3.3 kg), but there were no significant group differences at 12 months. ITT model results were similar to completers at 6 months and remained significant at 12 months, but the weight losses were more modest (
Published: 2006

23. Negative stress and the outcome of treatment for binge eating

Author: Paul Swank, Rebecca S. Reeves, Walker S. Carlos Poston, Edwin P. Willems, John P. Foreyt, G. Ken Goodrick, and Victor R. Pendleton
Subjects: Life Change, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Binge eating, Binge-eating disorder, Stress (linguistics), medicine, General Medicine, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, Psychology, Psychiatry
Abstract: This study investigated the ability of negatively versus positively perceived stress to predict outcome of treatment for binge eating disorder (BED). Participants were 62 obese women satisfying the DSMIV research criteria for BED. Stress was measured using an instrument based on the Recent Life Change Questionnaire (RLCQ). Participants experiencing high negative stress during the study period reported a binge eating frequency three times greater than that reported by subjects experiencing low negative stress (2.14 vs. 0.65 binge-days/week). Negative stress predicted how fast an individual would reduce binge eating and demonstrated more predictive power than positive stress.
Published: 2006

24. Does metabolic syndrome mitigate weight loss in overweight Mexican American women treated for 1-year with orlistat and lifestyle modification?

Author: Christopher K. Haddock, Jennifer E. Taylor, John P. Foreyt, Rebecca S. Reeves, Walker S. C. Poston, and Megan M. Pinkston
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Lactones, Pharmacotherapy, Weight loss, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Mexican Americans, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Exercise, Life Style, Aged, Metabolic Syndrome, Orlistat, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Lifestyle management, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Physical therapy, Female, Anti-Obesity Agents, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, business, Body mass index, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aims To investigate the effects of a pharmacotherapy (orlistat) plus lifestyle management (OLM) intervention on weight loss in Mexican American women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: One hundred and seven female participants aged 21–65 years and of Mexican origin were randomized to either OLM or a wait-list control group (WLC) for one year. The lifestyle interventions were tailored to exhibit features of the Mexican culture. Within each group, subjects with MS were compared to those without MS to assess whether its presence mitigates weight loss. Risk factors for MS also were assessed. Results: Participants with MS in the OLM group experienced significant decreases in weight and body mass index (BMI) as compared to participants without MS. Participants with MS in the OLM group and who completed the study lost 9.3±7.5 kg (20.5±16.5 lb) as compared to participants with MS in the WLC group, who only lost 0.2±3.1 kg (0.4±6.8 lb). Further, participants with MS in the OLM group who completed the study experienced a 3.1±3.9 kg/m2 decrease in BMI whereas participants with MS in the WLC group only experienced a 0.1±1.2 kg/m2 decrease in BMI. No changes in other MS risk factors were significant. Conclusions: Patients with MS experienced significant weight loss and decreases in BMI as a result of a lifestyle and pharmacotherapy intervention.
Published: 2006

25. Consent for Genetics Studies Among Clinical Trial Participants: Findings from Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD)

Author: W. Jack Rejeski, Deborah F. Tate, Ray Carvajal, Renee Davenport, Shandiin Begay, Peter B. Jones, Roque M. Murillo, Laurie Bissett, Valerie Goldman, Maria G. Montez, Karen C. Johnson, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Ann V. Schwartz, Alain G. Bertoni, Sharon D. Jackson, Virginia Harlan, Jeffrey M. Curtis, E. S. Kahn, Paula Bolin, K. Dotson, Erica Ferguson, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Donald A. Williamson, Elizabeth Bovaird, Renee Bright, Patricia E. Hogan, Barbara Bancroft, Richard S. Crow, Elizabeth Tucker, Maureen Malloy, Kathy Lane, Tricia Skarphol, Julie Currin, Anne E. Mathews, Linda M. Delahanty, Jennifer Gauvin, Mara Z. Vitolins, Theresa Michel, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Mark A. Espeland, Jennifer Rush, Kristina P. Schumann, Anna Bertorelli, Allison Strate, Denise G. Simons-Morton, David E. Kelley, Carrie Combs, Nita Webb, Eva Obarzanek, Wei Lang, Rebecca S. Reeves, M. Patricia Snyder, Douglas A. Raynor, Susan Green, Robert Kuehnel, Richard Ginsburg, John P. Bantle, Gary D. Miller, L. Christie Oden, Richard Carey, Sarah Michaels, Rebecca Danchenko, Linda Foss, Gary D. Foster, Caitlin Egan, Jeanne Carls, Brenda Montgomery, Carlos Lorenzo, Lori Lambert, Medhat Botrous, Sarah Bain, Minnie Roanhorse, Heather McCormick, Michael T. McDermott, Edward W. Lipkin, Jane Tavares, Jason Maeda, Kathryn Hayward, Ann Goebel-Fabbri, Ann McNamara, Sandra Sangster, Cathy Roche, Cecilia Farach, David M. Nathan, Cathy Manus, Donna Wolf, William H. Herman, Paulette Cohrs, Patricia Lipschutz, P. J. Foreyt, Kara I. Gallagher, Thomas A. Wadden, Ronald J. Prineas, Kristi Rau, Tina Killean, Kerrin Brelje, Jennifer Perault, Justin Glass, George L. Blackburn, Edward W. Gregg, Anthony N. Fabricatore, Charles Campbell, Vicki A. Maddy, Steven E. Kahn, Emily A. Finch, Janet Bonk, Lauren Lessard, C. W. Knowler, M. Montez, Barbara Harrison, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Stephen P. Glasser, Molly Gee, Brandi Armand, Tatum Charron, Kristin Wallace, Jennifer Patricio, John A. Shepherd, Monica Mullen, Robert H. Knopp, Heather Chenot, Connie Mobley, Richard R. Rubin, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, David M. Reboussin, Judith G. Regensteiner, Bernadette Todacheenie, Alan McNamara, Amelia Hodges, Mary Anne Holowaty, S. M. Haffner, Robert S. Schwartz, Paul M. Ribisl, B. Montgomery, Carol Percy, B. D. W. Harrison, Mohammed F. Saad, Frank L. Greenway, Osama Hamdy, Van S. Hubbard, Dace L. Trence, Magpuri Perpetua, Mandy Shipp, Sharon Hall, Kim Landry, William C. Knowler, Christian Speas, Louise Hesson, Ruby Johnson, Deborah Maier, David F. Williamson, Deborah Robles, Zhu Ming Zhang, Janelia Smiley, Jennifer Mayer, Henry J. Pownall, Andrea M. Kriska, A. S. Jaramillo, Nancy Scurlock, Vicki DiLillo, Karen T. Vujevich, S. Terry Barrett, James O. Hill, Amy Dobelstein, Clara Smith, Heather Turgeon, Sarah Ledbury, Kathy Dotson, JoAnn A. Phillipp, Carmen Pal, A. Enrique Caballero, Natalie Robinson, Jonathan Krakoff, Debi Celnik, Sheikilya Thomas, J. P. Massaro, Mary Lou Klem, Ellen J. Anderson, Amy A. Gorin, Stanley Schwartz, Jeanne M. Clark, Enrico Cagliero, Leigh A. Shovestull, Didas Fallis, Siran Ghazarian, Lawton S. Cooper, Kathy Horak, Pamela Coward, Carolyn Thorson, Diane Hirsch, Robert I. Berkowitz, Stanley Heshka, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Salma Benchekroun, Erin Patterson, Rita Donaldson, La Donna James, Tina Morgan, Robert W. Jeffery, Monika M. Safford, John P. Foreyt, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Barbara Steiner, Michelle Chan, Leeann Carmichael, Barb Elnyczky, Charlotte Bragg, Delia S. West, Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben, Canice E. Crerand, Lisa Palermo, Tammy Monk, Amy Keranen, April Hamilton, Patrick Reddin, Helen Chomentowski, Peter H. Bennett, Kati Szamos, Cynthia Hayashi, Kerry J. Stewart, Kerry Ovalle, Judy Bahnson, Pat Harper, John M. Jakicic, Janet Krulia, J. Bruce Redmon, Vincent Pera, Michaela Rahorst, Trena Johnsey, Maureen Daly, Susan Z. Yanovski, George A. Bray, Lindsey Munkwitz, Birgitta I. Rice, Edward S. Horton, Lawrence J. Cheskin, Daniel Edmundowicz, Marsha Miller, Therese Ockenden, Rena R. Wing, Christos S. Mantzoros, Santica M. Marcovina, Greg Strylewicz, Carolyne Campbell, Ken C. Chiu, Cora E. Lewis, Richard F. Hamman, Staci Gilbert, Don Kieffer, Frederick L. Brancati, Brent VanDorsten, Lynne Lichtermann, Juliet Mancino, Jeanne Charleston, Helen Lambeth, Suzanne Phelan, Cara Walcheck, Kimberley Chula-Maguire, Michael C. Nevitt, Donna H. Ryan, Hollie A. Raynor, Lewis H. Kuller, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Rob Nicholson, and Loretta Rome
Subjects: Research design, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Genetic Research, Alternative medicine, Type 2 diabetes, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ethics, Research, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Education as Topic, Weight loss, Informed consent, Medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Aged, Pharmacology, Genetics, Research ethics, Clinical Trials as Topic, Informed Consent, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, humanities, Clinical trial, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Research Design, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Cohort study, Ethics Committees, Research
Abstract: Background Increasingly, genetic specimens are collected to expand the value of clinical trials through study of genetic effects on disease incidence, progression or response to interventions. Purpose and methods We describe the experience obtaining IRB-approved DNA consent forms across the 19 institutions in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD), a clinical trial examining the effect of a lifestyle intervention for weight loss on the risk of serious cardiovascular events among individuals with type 2 diabetes. We document the rates participants provided consent for DNA research, identify participant characteristics associated with consent, and discuss implications for genetics research. Results IRB approval to participate was obtained from 17 of 19 institutions. The overall rate of consent was 89.6% among the 15 institutions that had completed consenting at the time of our analysis, which was higher than reported for other types of cohort studies. Consent rates were associated with factors expected to be associated with weight loss and cardiovascular disease and to affect the distribution of candidate genes. Non-consent occurred more frequently among participants grouped as African-American, Hispanic, female, more highly educated or not dyslipidemic. Limitations The generalizabilty of results is limited by the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the trial. Conclusions Barriers to obtaining consent to participate in genetic studies may differ from other recruitment settings. Because of the potentially complex associations between personal characteristics related to adherence, outcomes and gene distributions, differential rates of consent may introduce biases in estimates of genetic relationships.
Published: 2006

26. Weight loss in obese Mexican Americans treated for 1-year with orlistat and lifestyle modification

Author: Ashok Balasubramanyam, O Satterwhite, John P. Foreyt, Christopher K. Haddock, S Stormer, Rebecca S. Reeves, W. S. Carlos Poston, and Jennifer E. Taylor
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Calorie, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Medicine (miscellaneous), Treatment Refusal, Lactones, Weight loss, Behavior Therapy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Mexican Americans, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Enzyme Inhibitors, education, Life Style, Aged, Orlistat, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Lipase, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Anti-Obesity Agents, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally appropriate lifestyle intervention combined with orlistat in producing weight loss with obese Mexican-American women. SUBJECTS: Mexican-American women (N=108), aged 21–65 y, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 were randomized to 1 y of treatment with orlistat and a culturally tailored lifestyle modification intervention (OLM; n=56) or a wait-list control group (WLC; n=52). DESIGN: A randomized, controlled, open-label 12-month study. Orlistat was dosed at 120 mg, three times per day. The OLM intervention included behavior modification, a low-fat (≤30% of total daily calories) diet, and moderate physical activity (≥150 min/week). MEASUREMENT: Primary outcomes included changes in body weight (kg), BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, and lipids. RESULTS: A total of 72 (37 OLM, 35 WLC) and 66 participants (32 OLM, 34 WLC) completed the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant time × treatment interaction (Wilks' λ=12.61; P
Published: 2003

27. The Black American Lifestyle Intervention (BALI): The design of a weight loss program for working-class African-American women

Author: John P. Foreyt, David Heber, Patrice Ullmann-Joy, Robert Elashoff, Judith M. Ashley, Beatrice S. Kanders, George L. Blackburn, Rebecca S. Reeves, and Steven B. Heymsfield
Subjects: Adult, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Patient Dropouts, Diet, Reducing, media_common.quotation_subject, Nutrition Education, Culture, Pilot Projects, Weight loss, Weight Loss, Lifestyle intervention, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Exercise, Life Style, media_common, Food, Formulated, African american, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Public health, Weight Loss Program, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Black or African American, Working class, Psychotherapy, Group, Patient Compliance, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Food Science
Published: 1994
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28. Exercise augments the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of binge eating

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves, G. Ken Goodrick, John P. Foreyt, Walker S. C. Poston, and Victor R. Pendleton
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical exercise, behavioral disciplines and activities, law.invention, Body Mass Index, Randomized controlled trial, law, Binge-eating disorder, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Bulimia, Psychiatry, Exercise, media_common, Analysis of Variance, Binge eating, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Abstinence, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Affect, Cognitive therapy, Physical therapy, Psychotherapy, Group, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Body mass index
Abstract: To evaluate the effects of adding exercise and maintenance to cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for binge eating disorder (BED) in obese women. One hundred fourteen obese female binge eaters were randomized into four groups: CBT with exercise and maintenance, CBT with exercise, CBT with maintenance, and CBT only. Eighty-four women completed the 16-month study. Subjects who received CBT with exercise experienced significant reductions in binge eating frequency compared with subjects who received CBT only. The CBT with exercise and maintenance group had a 58% abstinence rate at the end of the study period and an average reduction of 2.2 body mass index (BMI) units (approximately 14 lb). BMI was significantly reduced in the subjects in both the exercise and maintenance conditions. The results suggest that adding exercise to CBT, and extending the duration of treatment, enhances outcome and contributes to reductions in binge eating and BMI.
Published: 2002

29. Fiber Intake and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Type 2 Diabetes: Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Trial Findings at Baseline and Year 1

Author: Russell P. Tracy, Wei Lang, Mara Z. Vitolins, Julia Rushing, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Dawn C. Schwenke, Andrea Anderson, Christie M. Ballantyne, Steven M. Haffner, Rebecca S. Reeves, Hiroshi Yatsuya, and L. Maria Belalcazar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Physical fitness, General Medicine, Disease, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, medicine.disease, Obesity, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Physical therapy, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Food Science
Abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is elevated in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and may contribute, independently of traditional factors, to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Fiber intake may decrease PAI-1 levels. We examined the associations of fiber intake and its changes with PAI-1 before and during an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss in 1,701 Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants with dietary, fitness, and PAI-1 data at baseline and 1 year. Look AHEAD was a randomized cardiovascular disease trial in 5,145 overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes, comparing ILI (goal of ≥7% reduction in baseline weight) with a control arm of diabetes support and education. ILI participants were encouraged to consume vegetables, fruits, and grain products low in sugar and fat. At baseline, median fiber intake was 17.9 g/day. Each 8.3 g/day higher fiber intake was associated with a 9.2% lower PAI-1 level ( P =0.008); this association persisted after weight and fitness adjustments ( P =0.03). Higher baseline intake of fruit ( P =0.019) and high-fiber grain and cereal ( P =0.029) were related to lower PAI-1 levels. Although successful in improving weight and physical fitness at 1 year, the ILI in Look AHEAD resulted in small increases in fiber intake (4.1 g/day, compared with –2.35 g/day with diabetes support and education) that were not related to PAI-1 change ( P =0.34). Only 31.3% of ILI participants (39.8% of women, 19.1% of men) met daily fiber intake recommendations. Increasing fiber intake in overweight/obese individuals with diabetes interested in weight loss is challenging. Future studies evaluating changes in fiber consumption during weight loss interventions are warranted.
Published: 2014
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30. Nutrient intake of obese female binge eaters

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves, Milton Z. Nichaman, John P Foreyt, Ronald B. Harrist, R.Sue McPHERSON, and G. Kenneth Goodrick
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Calorie, Overweight, law.invention, Eating, Randomized controlled trial, Binge-eating disorder, law, Behavior Therapy, Weight management, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Bulimia, Nutrition and Dietetics, Binge eating, business.industry, Body Weight, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diet Records, Self Concept, Physical therapy, Female, medicine.symptom, Binge Eating Scale, business, Energy Intake, Food Science
Abstract: To compare the 6-month change in selected nutrients and number of binge days (from 7-day food records) between obese binge eaters randomly assigned to either a behavioral self-management (BSM) or waiting list control (WLC) group. Within each of the 2 groups, the average intake of selected nutrients on binge and nonbinge days at baseline and at 6 months were compared.A randomized, controlled, intervention study with assessments at entry and 6 months later.Forty-six women in the BSM group and 36 in the WLC group completed the 6-month measurement. Participants were 25 to 50 years of age, 30 to 90 pounds overweight, did not have a history of physical or psychological illnesses, and scored 20 or greater on the binge eating scale.Participants in the BSM intervention received 6 months of weekly, 1-hour classes taught by registered dietitians. Participants in the WLC group were not contacted during the 6 months.The main outcome measures were change in energy consumed (kilocalories); percentage of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrate; grams of fiber/1,000 kcal; and change in the number of self-reported binge days.Weight at 6 months was compared using a 2-sample t test. The change in the number of binge days at 6 months and the amount of change in selected nutrients by group was compared using the 2-sample t test. The paired t test was used to compare the average nutrient intakes on binge and nonbinge days within groups.No significant difference was found in the 6-month change between groups in any of the selected nutrients. The BSM group reported a greater reduction in binge days between baseline and 6 months compared with the WLC group (mean 1.0 vs 1.7, P0.03). Within the BSM group at 6 months, energy intake and percentage of energy from fat on nonbinge days were significantly reduced compared with binge days. At baseline within the WLC group, energy intake increased and percentage of energy from protein decreased significantly on nonbinge days compared with binge days. Within the WLC group at 6 months, energy intake and percentage of energy from fat significantly decreased and percentage of energy from protein significantly increased on nonbinge days.Our results suggest that collecting dietary information from participants identified with binge eating disorder is challenging. Dietitians who conduct behavioral weight management programs may require additional training in identifying and understanding the psychological characteristics of participants with binge-eating disorder.
Published: 2001

31. Ethics of obesity treatment: Implications for dietitians

Author: Bolton Mp, Pace Pw, and Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Gerontology, Medical education, Government, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ethical issues, business.industry, Diet therapy, education, Professional practice, medicine.disease, Obesity, Weight management, medicine, business, Food Science, Ethical code
Abstract: Dietitians face both a responsibility and an opportunity to address the ethical issues of obesity treatment and to promote weight management strategies that are beneficial and effective. The Code of Ethics for the Profession of Dietetics, which was adopted in 1989 to provide guidance to dietetics practitioners in their professional practice and conduct, can serve as a guide in an evaluation of current obesity treatments. Dietitians must help clients be realistic about their weight loss goals and address emotional conflicts that may be undermining weight management efforts. Referrals to therapists may be indicated, and dietitians must be prepared to recognize the need and make the recommendations. Dietitians should take the lead in developing more ethical and beneficial treatments by collaborating with government and industry to protect the consumer from ineffective or potentially harmful practices.
Published: 1991
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32. The role of nutrition in managing obesity, diabetes, and heart disease

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, business.industry, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Obesity, Diabetes Complications, Behavior Therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Physical therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Medicine, Humans, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Female, business, Intensive care medicine, Exercise, Aged
Published: 1998

33. The Obesity Epidemic: Being Part of the Solution

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Counseling, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Certification, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietetics, business.industry, medicine.disease, Obesity, United States, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, Clinical Competence, business, Food Science
Published: 2005
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34. Working Together to Fight Obesity

Author: Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: Gerontology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Political science, medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, Food Science
Published: 2005
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35. Use of dietary supplements containing antioxidant nutrients by persons with type 2 diabetes

Author: Mara Z. Vitolins, D.C Schwenke, John P. Foreyt, Rebecca S. Reeves, Edgar R. Miller, and Carl T Hayden
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrient, Antioxidant, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Food science, medicine.disease, business, Food Science
Published: 2004
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36. The Relationship Between Hyperinsulinemia And Weight Loss In Black Obese Women

Author: John D. Radcliffe, S. Ingles, C. Williams, D. Wright, L. Cashman, and Rebecca S. Reeves
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Serum insulin, Regression analysis, medicine.disease, Obesity, Physical activity level, Endocrinology, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Hyperinsulinemia, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Food Science
Abstract: Obesity is a health problem of considerable magnitude. Ninety-four black obese women currently participating in a lifestyle intervention study were used to determine what relationship exists between hyperinsulinemia (determined at baseline) and change in body mass index (BMI) (at 16 weeks) controlling for the variables: baseline BMI, treatment group, and physical activity level. The subjects were divided into two groups based on baseline fasting serum insulin levels, (normoinsulinemic ⩽ 25 μU/ml and hyperinsulinemic > 25 μU/ml), and a regression analysis was used to determine what relationship exists between fasting serum insulin level and change in BMI. The regression analysis found that baseline fasting serum insulin level was not significantly related to the mean change in log of BMI (t = 0.415, p > 0.05) controlling for the variables: log of BMI at baseline, treatment group, and physical activity level. The analysis did find that the entire regression model (log of BMI at baseline, treatment group, physical activity level, and insulin level) explained 90% of the variation in the mean change in log of BMI (p
Published: 1995
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