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The ameloblastoma (AB) is a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue which does not undergo diff erentiation to the point of enamel formation. AB is locally invasive and recurs despite adequate surgical removal. It is of varied origin, although the stimulus initiating the process is unknown. The study of molecular and genetic alterations associated with the development and progression of the AB will help to predict the course of the tumor and lead to the development of new therapeutic concepts for their management. An attempt has been made at compiling about molecular pathogenesis of AB.

Syndactyly is a condition where in two or more digits are fused together. A newborn female baby showed not only webbing of the fingers but also toes. X-ray of both hands and feet showed no bony fusion. Syndactyly is a rare anomaly that has surgical and psychological implications. Normally mesenchyme between prospective digits in hand and foot plates is removed by cell death (apoptosis) when this process fails the result is fusion between two or more digits. It occurs as one in every 2000 to 2500 births and twice as common in males. Though it is very rare it can be corrected surgically and child can live a normal life. The knowledge of digit formation and causes for abnormalities in the digits and toes are important for radiologists, obstetricians and surgeons for accurate diagnostic interpretation.

Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital disorder of the urinary system, characterized by a triad of abnormalities. The aetiology is not known. Many infants are either stillborn or die within the first few weeks of life from severe lung or kidney problems, or a combination of congenital anomalies.

Background/purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and extremely burdensome skin disorder with limited therapeutic options. Ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy is a well tolerated, efficacious treatment for AD, but its use is limited by a lack of guidelines in the optimal choice of modality and dosing. Given this deficit, we aim to develop suggestions for the treatment of AD with phototherapy by systematically reviewing the current medical literature. Methods: Data sources: All data sources were identified through searches of MEDLINE via the Ovid interface, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and a complementary manual literature search. Study selection: Studies selected for review met these inclusion criteria, as applied by multiple reviewers: controlled clinical trials of UV phototherapy in the management of AD in human subjects as reported in the English-language literature. Studies limited to hand dermatitis and studies in which subjects were allowed unmonitored use of topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators were excluded. Data extraction: Included studies were assessed by multiple independent observers who extracted and compiled the following data: number of patients, duration of treatment, cumulative doses of UV radiation, adverse effects, and study results. Data quality was assessed by comparing data sets and rechecking source materials if a discrepancy occurred. Results: Nine trials that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Three studies demonstrated that UVA1 is both faster and more efficacious than combined UVAB for treating acute AD. Two trials disclosed the advantages of medium dose (50 J/cm2) UVA1 for treating acute AD. Two trials revealed the superiority of combined UVAB in the management of chronic AD. Two additional studies demonstrated that narrow-band UVB is more effective than either broad-band UVA or UVA1 for managing chronic AD. Conclusion: On the basis of available evidence, the following suggestions can be made: phototherapy with medium-dose (50 J/cm2) UVA1, if available, should be used to control acute flares of AD while UVB modalities, specifically narrow-band UVB, should be used for the management of chronic AD.

Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma is an unusual mesothelial lesion that deserves separate consideration because of its characteristic histologic picture and its benign behavior. In the past, this lesion was often confused with cystic lymphangioma, mesenteric lymphatic cyst, diffuse mesothelioma, and disseminated form of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Diagnostic accuracy and long-term follow-up are needed due to high incidence of recurrence. We report a rare case of huge multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma in a 36-year-old woman. At follow-up 18 months after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic with no further growth.