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The aim of this study was to find the correlation between severity of dry eye and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity. Forty- two RA patients with dry eye were recruited from Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic in Minia University Hospital. Assessment of RA disease activity was performed using disease activity score (DAS-28). Ocular tests include Schirmer test I, tear film break up time (TBUT) and ocular staining score (OSS) was performed by ophthalmologist to find evidence of ocular dryness. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti SSA/Ro and anti SSB/La was also tested. Patients with severe dry (OSS ≥ 3) underwent minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) as suspected to have secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Of 42 RA patients, 30 had definite dry eye. DAS-28 did not show significant correlation with any of ocular tests for dryness while the duration of RA was significantly positively correlated with Schirmer test and OSS. The biopsy results of RA patients with severe dry eye show no evidence of SS. The severity of dry eye is not correlated with activity of RA but with its duration.

Premature rupture of membranes is an obstetric problem with an obscure etiology, difficult to diagnose and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Its management strategies are diverse and controversial. The aim of this study: was to identify the relationship between premature rupture of membranes and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Subjects and method: The study was conducted at obstetric departments' labor units of two settings; Tanta University hospital and El-Menshawy hospital. A convenient sample of 120 parturient women who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were included in the study. Three tools were used for data collection; Tool (I): A structured interview schedule that included (a). Socio demographic characteristics, (b), Reproductive history, and (c). History of present pregnancy. Tool (II): Maternal outcome assessment observational checklist that included two parts. Part I: assessment of general condition of the women, and Part II: obstetrical and local abdominal examination. Tool (III): Neonatal outcome assessment observational checklist. Results: The results of the present study revealed that there was a significant relation between premature rupture of membranes and the occurrence of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Socio-demographic factors include residence, income; age, educational level, and occupation were risk factors predictors of premature rupture of membranes. History of abortion, and exposure to infection, anemia, strenuous effort/activity, and number of follow up visits were also significant risk factors predictors of premature rupture of membranes. Conclusion: The gestational age in weeks and latent period of premature rupture of membranes were the main determinants of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Prematurity is the principal risk to the fetus with its associated morbidity. On the other hand, infectious morbidity is the primary maternal risk among women. Recommendations: Premature rupture of membranes is one of the most importance obstetric complications that should be focused in the curriculum of basic nursing education as well as continuing education. Additionally, antenatal classes should be planned and developed in order to increase pregnant women's awareness to seek obstetrical care regarding premature rupture of membranes at proper time.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients’ records with renal trauma that were treated at adult level 1 trauma centers in Utah from January 2005 to January 2011. Data on patient demographics, injury characteristics, management, and outcomes was collected. All available radiological imaging was independently reviewed and renal injury was graded with the AAST organ injury scale. RESULTS: 138 patients were identified as having an AAST III-V renal injury. 30% (42 of 138) of renal injuries were sustained during sporting activities. The most common sports-related injuries were skiing and snowboarding in 26 (62%), being struck by another person or collision with stationary object in 10 (24%), and biking in 3 (7%). Mean AAST renal grade was 3.5 (SD 0.55) for sports and 3.7 (SD 0.78) for non-sports (p1⁄40.08). Male gender was over-represented amongst all renal injuries, but more so in sports related injuries (90.5% vs 61%, p