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There are conflicting data regarding the role of KRAS mutation on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Moreover, the role of other biomarkers such as NRAS or BRAF has not been studied. To analyze the incidence of VTE in a cohort of patients with CRC based on KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF status. We performed a retrospective review of patients with unresectable locally advanced and metastatic CRC (mCRC) and known KRAS/NRAS/BRAF status, attended in the Medical Oncology Department of the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon (Madrid, Spain). The primary outcome was VTE defined as any venous thromboembolic event that occurred either 6 months before or at any time after the diagnosis of CRC. The biomarker status (KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF) and other predictors of thrombosis were collected. One hundred and ninety-four patients were identified and included in the analysis. Forty-one patients (21.1%) experienced VTE. The incidence was 19.1% in RAS-mutated patients, 28.6% in BRAF-mutated patients and 21% in triple wild-type patients (p = NS). In multivariate analysis, ECOG ≥ 2 was the only independent predictor of VTE (OR 8.73; CI 95% 1.32–57.82; p = 0.025). In our study, biomarkers have not been associated with an increased risk of VTE in CRC patients. A high incidence of VTE in BRAF-mutated patients has been observed and should be explored in further studies.

Aim To determine the knowledge of undergraduate Spanish dental students regarding the indications of systemic antibiotics in the management of endodontic infections. Methodology The final year dental students from four Spanish dental schools were requested to answer a one-page questionnaire on the indications for systemic antibiotics in the treatment of endodontic infections. One hundred and seventy-five students were asked to participate in this research. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results One hundred and four students (93.7%) completed satisfactorily the survey and were included in the study. The average duration of antibiotic therapy was 7.0 ± 2.0 days. All respondents chose amoxicillin as the first-choice antibiotic in patients with no medical allergies, alone (47%) or associated with clavulanic acid (53%). The first drug of choice for patients with an allergy to penicillin was clindamycin 300 mg (99%). For cases of irreversible pulpitis, up to 63% of students would prescribe antibiotics. For the scenario of a necrotic pulp, symptomatic apical periodontitis and no swelling, 44% would prescribe antibiotics. Almost 40% of students would prescribe antibiotics for necrotic pulps with asymptomatic apical periodontitis and a sinus tract. Conclusions It is necessary for the Spanish schools of dentistry to improve students’ knowledge about antibiotics and their indications in endodontics. Interactive education analysing real endodontic cases using problem-based learning would help students acquire better skills in prescribing antibiotics in pulp–periapical pathosis.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common event in cancer patients and one of the major causes of cancer-associated mortality and a leading cause of morbidity. In recent years, the incidence rates of VTE have notably increased; however, VTE is still commonly underestimated by oncologists. VTE is considered an adverse prognostic factor in cancer patients in all settings. In 2011 the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) first published a clinical guideline of prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in cancer patients. In an effort to incorporate evidence obtained since the original publication, SEOM presents an update of the guideline for thrombosis and cancer in order to improve the prevention and management of VTE.

To evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in ambulatory pancreas cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and analyze Khorana’s predictive model of chemotherapy-associated thrombosis. We performed a retrospective review to determine the incidence of VTE in the gastrointestinal cancer unit of our center. Between 2008 and 2011, 84 consecutives patients diagnosed with pancreas adenocarcinoma were identified and included in the analysis. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were excluded. Thirty patients experienced VTE (35.7 %) and 66 % of the events were diagnosed during the first 6 months after diagnosis. Khorana’s score: 33.3 % of the intermediate category patients developed a venous thromboembolic event and 37.5 % in the high-risk category. The high incidence of VTE observed in this study is consistent with prior reports. Specific predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis in pancreatic cancer must be investigated.

undergoing BCT in the Indian scenario hypothesizing that for carefully selected patients BCT is a viable treatment option. Methods: In a retrospective review of prospectively maintained computerized database of 2500 operated breast cancer patients a total of 355 patients undergoing BCT were identified. Patients with age less than 40 years at presentation, unilateral lesion and known receptor and Her 2 status were included. Patients who received NACT and who did not complete planned RT were excluded. Results: 136 patients under 40 years of age had BCT. These patients were divided into TNBC and Non TNBC groups. TNBC patients constituted 54% of patients. Mean age (34.7 vs 35.1), tumour size (3.1 vs 2.6), stage at presentation (Stage I 15% vs 20%, Stage II 65% vs 75%, Stage III 20% vs 5%), pathological nodal status (pN0 53% vs 62%) and average LN dissected (11.5 vs 12.5) were comparable in the two groups. Standard lumpectomy was offered to all patients whereas Quadrantectomy (14% vs 6%) and Oncoplasty with volume replacement (4 patients vs. 2 patients) was used in both groups. At a mean follow up of 36 months Loco regional recurrence was 2.74% vs. 1.6% and Distant metastasis 6.8% vs. 11.1% in TNBC and non-TNBC group respectively. Discussion: Results of the present study indicate feasibility and safety of BCT in young TNBC patients. Hence young age at presentation associated with TNBC is not a contraindication for BCT provided they fulfill the standard criteria for BCT.