1. Associations between depression and cardiometabolic health: A 27-year longitudinal study
- Author
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Anders M. Dale, Amy J. Jak, Kristy Cuthbert, Michael C. Neale, Lisa T. Eyler, Carol E. Franz, William S. Kremen, Richard L. Hauger, Xin Tu, Richard Vandiver, McKenna E. Williams, Chandra A. Reynolds, Ole A. Andreassen, Daniel E. Gustavson, Jeremy A. Elman, Mark W. Logue, Matthew S. Panizzon, Michael J. Lyons, Nathan A. Gillespie, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Nathan Whitsel, Ruth E. McKenzie, Rosemary Toomey, Mark Sanderson-Cimino, Graham M L Eglit, Hillary L. Ditmars, and Hong Xian
- Subjects
Male ,Adult ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Cardiovascular ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Erectile Dysfunction ,Clinical Research ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Behavioral and Social Science ,History of depression ,medicine ,Psychology ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Stroke ,Applied Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,030304 developmental biology ,Aged ,Psychiatry ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Depression ,Prevention ,Cardiometabolic health ,Neurosciences ,Sleep apnea ,medicine.disease ,Twin study ,Brain Disorders ,Substance abuse ,Polygenic risk scores ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mental Health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Hypertension ,Public Health and Health Services ,Sleep Research ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BackgroundClarifying the relationship between depression symptoms and cardiometabolic and related health could clarify risk factors and treatment targets. The objective of this study was to assess whether depression symptoms in midlife are associated with the subsequent onset of cardiometabolic health problems.MethodsThe study sample comprised 787 male twin veterans with polygenic risk score data who participated in the Harvard Twin Study of Substance Abuse (‘baseline’) and the longitudinal Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (‘follow-up’). Depression symptoms were assessed at baseline [mean age 41.42 years (s.d. = 2.34)] using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, Revised. The onset of eight cardiometabolic conditions (atrial fibrillation, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, sleep apnea, and stroke) was assessed via self-reported doctor diagnosis at follow-up [mean age 67.59 years (s.d. = 2.41)].ResultsTotal depression symptoms were longitudinally associated with incident diabetes (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.57), erectile dysfunction (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.59), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04–1.53), and sleep apnea (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13–1.74) over 27 years after controlling for age, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, C-reactive protein, and polygenic risk for specific health conditions. In sensitivity analyses that excluded somatic depression symptoms, only the association with sleep apnea remained significant (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.60).ConclusionsA history of depression symptoms by early midlife is associated with an elevated risk for subsequent development of several self-reported health conditions. When isolated, non-somatic depression symptoms are associated with incident self-reported sleep apnea. Depression symptom history may be a predictor or marker of cardiometabolic risk over decades.
- Published
- 2023