1. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Rupert R A Bourne, Seth R Flaxman, Tasanee Braithwaite, Maria V Cicinelli, Aditi Das, Jost B Jonas, Jill Keeffe, John H Kempen, Janet Leasher, Hans Limburg, Kovin Naidoo, Konrad Pesudovs, Serge Resnikoff, Alex Silvester, Gretchen A Stevens, Nina Tahhan, Tien Y Wong, Hugh R Taylor, Rupert Bourne, Peter Ackland, Aries Arditi, Yaniv Barkana, Banu Bozkurt, TASANEE BRAITHWAITE, Alain Bron, Donald Budenz, Feng Cai, Robert Casson, Usha Chakravarthy, Jaewan Choi, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Nathan Congdon, Reza Dana, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Iva Dekaris, Monte Del Monte, Jenny Deva, Laura Dreer, Leon Ellwein, Marcela Frazier, Kevin Frick, David Friedman, Joao Furtado, Hua Gao, Gus Gazzard, Ronnie George, Stephen Gichuhi, Victor Gonzalez, Billy Hammond, Mary Elizabeth Hartnett, Minguang He, James Hejtmancik, Flavio Hirai, John Huang, April Ingram, Jonathan Javitt, Jost Jonas, Charlotte Joslin, John Kempen, Moncef Khairallah, Rohit Khanna, Judy Kim, George Lambrou, Van Charles Lansingh, Paolo Lanzetta, Jennifer Lim, Hans LIMBURG, Kaweh Mansouri, Anu Mathew, Alan Morse, Beatriz Munoz, David Musch, Vinay Nangia, MARIA PALAIOU, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Fernando Yaacov Pena, Tunde Peto, Harry Quigley, Murugesan Raju, Pradeep Ramulu, Alan Robin, Luca Rossetti, Jinan Saaddine, MYA SANDAR, Janet Serle, Tueng Shen, Rajesh Shetty, Pamela Sieving, Juan Carlos Silva, Rita S Sitorus, Dwight Stambolian, Gretchen Stevens, Hugh Taylor, Jaime Tejedor, James Tielsch, Miltiadis Tsilimbaris, Jan van Meurs, Rohit Varma, Gianni Virgili, Jimmy Volmink, Ya Xing Wang, Ning-Li Wang, Sheila West, Peter Wiedemann, Tien Wong, Richard Wormald, Yingfeng Zheng, Bourne, Rupert R.A., Bron, Alain, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University of Oxford [Oxford], San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Health Education Yorkshire and the Humber, Partenaires INRAE, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University Hospital of Heidelberg, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Medical Center, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Health Information Services, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), La Vision, Flinders University, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Royal Liverpool University Hospital, World Health Organization, National University of Singapore (NUS), University of Melbourne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bourne, Rra, Flaxman, Sr, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, Mv, Das, A, Jonas, Jb, Keeffe, J, Kempen, Jh, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Stevens, Ga, Tahhan, N, Wong, Ty, Taylor, Hr, on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert, Group, and Battaglia Parodi, M
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AFRICA ,Population ageing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual acuity ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Visual impairment ,Vision Disorders ,Visual Acuity ,EYE ,Blindness ,Global Health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Prevalence ,Journal Article ,Global health ,Humans ,Medicine ,VISUAL IMPAIRMENT ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,education.field_of_study ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Medicine (all) ,COST ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,General Medicine ,Presbyopia ,medicine.disease ,Vision Loss Expert Group ,3. Good health ,Meta-analysis ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,HEALTH ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Demography - Abstract
PubMed: 28779882, Background Global and regional prevalence estimates for blindness and vision impairment are important for the development of public health policies. We aimed to provide global estimates, trends, and projections of global blindness and vision impairment. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based datasets relevant to global vision impairment and blindness that were published between 1980 and 2015. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate the prevalence (by age, country, and sex), in 2015, of mild visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18 inclusive), moderate to severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 3/60 inclusive), blindness (presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60), and functional presbyopia (defined as presenting near vision worse than N6 or N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance visual acuity was better than 6/12). Findings Globally, of the 7·33 billion people alive in 2015, an estimated 36·0 million (80% uncertainty interval [UI] 12·9–65·4) were blind (crude prevalence 0·48%; 80% UI 0·17–0·87; 56% female), 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5–359·1) people had moderate to severe visual impairment (2·95%, 80% UI 1·34–4·89; 55% female), and 188·5 million (80% UI 64·5–350·2) had mild visual impairment (2·57%, 80% UI 0·88–4·77; 54% female). Functional presbyopia affected an estimated 1094·7 million (80% UI 581·1–1686·5) people aged 35 years and older, with 666·7 million (80% UI 364·9–997·6) being aged 50 years or older. The estimated number of blind people increased by 17·6%, from 30·6 million (80% UI 9·9–57·3) in 1990 to 36·0 million (80% UI 12·9–65·4) in 2015. This change was attributable to three factors, namely an increase because of population growth (38·4%), population ageing after accounting for population growth (34·6%), and reduction in age-specific prevalence (?36·7%). The number of people with moderate and severe visual impairment also increased, from 159·9 million (80% UI 68·3–270·0) in 1990 to 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5–359·1) in 2015. Interpretation There is an ongoing reduction in the age-standardised prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, yet the growth and ageing of the world's population is causing a substantial increase in number of people affected. These observations, plus a very large contribution from uncorrected presbyopia, highlight the need to scale up vision impairment alleviation efforts at all levels. Funding Brien Holden Vision Institute. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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- 2017