1. Stress reactions and fractures around the elbow in athletes
- Author
-
Greg Hoy, Godefroy Brais, Tim Wood, Eugene T. Ek, and Andrew Phillip Mcbride
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronoid process of the ulna ,Fractures, Stress ,Elbow ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Fractures, Bone ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Elbow Joint ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Stress fractures ,biology ,business.industry ,Athletes ,Ulna ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Athletic Injuries ,Upper limb ,Elbow Injuries ,Epicondyle ,business ,human activities ,Throwing - Abstract
Stress fractures of the upper limb affect athletes from a wide range of sports. Athletes involved in throwing sports are particularly susceptible along with athletes from sports involving high repetitive and compressive loads such as gymnastics. Diagnosis can be made from clinical history, examination and radiography in some cases however MRI imaging is often required for definitive diagnosis. The mainstay of management is rest and activity modification however advanced pathology often requires surgical management for successful resolution and return to play. In the elbow, the bones susceptible to excessive stress in sport are the distal humerus, the olecranon process of the ulna, the coronoid process of the ulna, the sublime tubercle and the radial head. In immature patients, medial epicondyle apophysis is the most common location. The article presents a narrative review of the literature.
- Published
- 2021