Author: "Bernard H. Doft" / Topic: medicine.disease - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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53 results on '"Bernard H. Doft"'

1. DNA methylation age calculators reveal association with diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes

Author: Thomas Donner, P. Rezaeian, John I. Malone, Sharon B. Schwartz, Xiaoyu Gao, Szilard Kiss, Matthew J. Budoff, David R. Sell, A. Dwoskin, Ronald J. Prineas, C. Pittman, M. Reid, C. McDonald, S. Caulder, M. Szpiech, Oscar B. Crofford, Rachel G. Miller, Louis A. Lobes, M. Patronas, C. Canny, M. E. Lackaye, Sandra R. Montezuma, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, Julie A. Stoner, H. Pan, James L. Kinyoun, J. Mortenson, Osama Hamdy, Connie Fountain, David D. Moore, Kusiel Perlman, R. Trail, David A. Lee, J. Sheindlin, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Jill P. Crandall, L. Gill, T. Thompson, Lee M. Jampol, K. Koushan, David S. Schade, J. Brown-Friday, M. Basco, S. Dunnigan, J. Bylsma, R. Birk, L. H. Ketai, J. Hotaling, Stephen W. Scherer, W. Mestrezat, Stephan Villavicencio, R. Lyon, M. Carney, John Kramer, Sunder Mudaliar, David M. Nathan, M. Moran, F. Leandre, James W. Albers, L. Survant, Joseph F. Polak, Manjot K. Gill, Anton Orlin, M. Prince, Pamela A. Silver, Amy K. Saenger, John D. Brunzell, Kathleen E. Bainbridge, L. Babbione, Amisha Wallia, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Bradley D. Jones, M. Hebdon, L. McKenzie, Richard M. Hoffman, S. Chang, C. Siebert, George S. Sharuk, D. Counts, A. Lucas, P. Ramos, N. Burkhart, N. Bakshi, N. Flaherty, D. Kenny, M. Driscoll, Harjit Chahal, Ronald K. Mayfield, S. Hensley, E. Weimann, M. Franz, Martin J. Stevens, N. S. Gregory, Christopher J. O'Donnell, J. Laechelt, Pamela Ossorio, Jerry P. Palmer, Rama Natarajan, G. Ziegler, K. Martin, R. Beaser, C. Beck, L. Zhang, T. J. Declue, David M. Kendall, H. Solc, A. Vella, H. Martinez, Cormac T. Taylor, S. Neill, Douglas A. Greene, P. Lee, D. Norman, Andrew J. Barkmeier, Dean P. Hainsworth, Alka Jain, Sapna Gangaputra, N. Thangthaeng, Lorraine Thomas, Michael H. Brent, M. Bracey, Philip Raskin, Q. Clemens, Barbara H. Braffett, Mark S. Mandelcorn, Lloyd Paul Aiello, John E. Godine, T. Speigelberg, R. Chan, R. Hanna, Shelley B. Bull, William I. Sivitz, R. Sussman, C. Kwong, S. Cercone, P. Hollander, N. Leloudes, Joseph M. Terry, J. Wesche, E. A. Tanaka, D. Rosenberg, Wanjie Sun, L. Sun, Tom Clark, Deborah K. Schlossman, Louis M. Luttrell, R. Dunn, A. Farr, K. McVary, Gayle M. Lorenzi, A. Joseph, Catherine C. Cowie, M. Barr, D. Zimbler, S. Mendley, S. Schussler, N. Grove, Matthew D. Davis, Jong Mu Sun, Sophie Rogers, John P. Bantle, Brandy N. Rutledge, Senda Ajroud-Driss, Vincent M. Monnier, Cladd E. Stevens, Y. G. He, M. Phillips, C. Williams, J. MacIndoe, Kaleigh Farrell, Helen Lambeth, Ayad A. Jaffa, J. Quin, Morey W. Haymond, R. Kirby, D. Steinberg, William H. Herman, M. Mech, Arup Das, Robert Detrano, J. Brown, D. McMillan, Linda Snetselaar, Mark W. Johnson, R. Zeitler, T. Taylor, Peter R. Pavan, Michael H. Goldbaum, Bruce A. Perkins, R. G. Campbell, David A. Nicolle, R. J. van der Geest, Irene Hramiak, D. Freking, Lucy A. Levandoski, S. Colson, Charles Campbell, Victoria R. Trapani, Lawrence J. Singerman, D. Meyer, W. Tang, J. Soule, Anita Harrington, Julie A. Nelson, John A. Colwell, Naji Younes, P. Salemi, K. Hansen, Trevor J. Orchard, S. Huddleston, L. Steranchak, C. Sommer, G. Castle, J. Ginsberg, Paula McGee, V. Gama, John Dupre, Z. Strugula, M. Swenson, N. Wong, David A. Bluemke, M. Nutaitis, Anita Agarwal, M. Lin, K. Nickander, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Joao A. Lima, M. L. Schluter, Fred W. Whitehouse, Lisa Diminick, C. Cornish, M. Spencer, Daniel T. Lackland, Ionut Bebu, Hunter Wessells, S. Yacoub-Wasef, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, Howard Wolpert, R. Ehrlich, A. Blevins, L. Jovanovic, D. Finegold, Davida F. Kruger, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, Timothy J. Murtha, R. K. Mayfield, Robert W. Cavicchi, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Thomas A. Weingeist, K. Lee, Mary E. Larkin, B. Blodi, J. Gott, Timothy J. Lyons, J. Selby, Chris Ryan, J. Harth, P. Pugsley, L. Keasler, John D. Maynard, Paul G. Arrigg, Amy B. Karger, P. Colby, J. Farquhar, Mark H. Schutta, Murk-Hein Heinemann, Kathie L. Hermayer, B. Bosco, C. Lovell, A. Bhan, A. Galprin, M. Cayford, M. Schumer, John E. Chapin, D. Rubinstein, F. Miao, V. Asuquo, Catherine L. Martin, Rodney A. Lorenz, Samuel S. Engel, L. Funk, Cyndi F. Liu, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Stephen S. Feman, P. Lindsey, M. Giotta, Philip A. Low, S. Kwon, R. Fahlstrom, A. Iannacone, B. French, H. Remtema, L. Cimino, S. Barron, J. McConnell, Jane L. Lynch, L. Kim, T. Williams, A. Degillio, Blanche M. Chavers, M. Novak, Julio V. Santiago, Ronald P. Danis, P. Gaston, Tae Sup Lee, T. Woodfill, R. Cuddihy, Scott M. Steidl, Alanna C. Morrison, E. Ryan, D. Lawrence, D. Cros, T. Adkins, D. Adelman, L. Dews, Patricia A. Cleary, J. Parker, L. Olmos De Koo, C. Kim, Mark R. Palmert, P. Astelford, Stefan Fritz, B. Olson, Kelvin C. Fong, Alan M. Jacobson, Stanley L. Hazen, D. Hornbeck, K. Folino, M. L. Bernal, Gabriel Virella, William V. Tamborlane, Neil H. White, Daniel L. McGee, Denis Daneman, H. Shamoon, William Dahms, S. Elsing, S. Brink, J. Ahern, Delnaz Roshandel, John M. Pach, N. W. Rodger, E. Cupelli, Dara D. Koozekanani, Abbas E. Kitabchi, K. Stoessel, B. Petty, Jamie R. Wood, J. Seegmiller, T. Strand, Y. Li, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, Robert C. Colligan, T. Smith, A. Carlson, David J. Brillon, Margaret L. Bayless, M. Ong, S. Darabian, W. Hsu, Janet E. Olson, B. Rogness, N. Silvers, M. Pfiefer, B. Schaefer, E. Mendelson, S. Braunstein, Maren Nowicki, R. Reed, James S. Floyd, Z. M. Zhang, T. Sandford, R. B. Avery, A. Pratt, Paolo S. Silva, H. Bode, Alexander J. Brucker, Nikhil D. Patel, Alexander R. Lyon, M. Jenner, N. Wimmergren, L. Tuason, J. Rosenzwieg, D. J. Becker, C. Gauthier-Kelly, M. Richardson, Richard S. Crow, Andrew D. Paterson, Mark E. Molitch, Suzanne M. Strowig, S. Pendegast, M. Burger, Ramzi K. Hemady, J. Dingledine, I. H. de Boer, L. Mayer, F. Perdikaris, Om P. Ganda, F. Thoma, Karen J. Cruickshanks, Abraham Thomas, K. Klumpp, Jerry D. Cavallerano, D. Zheng, Annette Barnie, J. L. Canady, C. Wigley, David G. Miller, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, P. Crawford, K. Kelly, Robert G. Devenyi, B. Zimmerman, Susan M. Hitt, C. Johnson, L. Gurry, R. Jarboe, E. Angus, David E. Goldstein, A. Killeen, H. Schrott, Orville G. Kolterman, Mark R. Burge, Michael Rubin, J. Lipps Hagan, Alicia J. Jenkins, Hugh D. Wabers, R. Warhol, Edward Chaum, Karen L. Jones, L. Spillers, C. Miao, J. K. Jones, Angelo J. Canty, Rickey E. Carter, Evrim B. Turkbey, B. Burzuk, R. Woodwick, Evica Simjanoski, Michael W. Steffes, S. Crowell, Suresh D. Shah, H. Ricks, J. D. Carey, Paul A. Edwards, S. Holt, W. F. Schwenk, Ronald J. Oudiz, E. Brown, J. Heier, R. L. Ufret-Vincenty, L. M. Aiello, Robert A. Rizza, Karen L. Anderson, Valerie L. Arends, J. Giangiacomo, R. Liss, Aruna V. Sarma, B. Levy, Ellen J. Anderson, S. Catton, P. Callahan, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Debrabandere, S. Moser, Bernard H. Doft, A. Malayeri, C. Johannes, R. Ramker, J. Rich, M. Fox, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Katherine A. Morgan, Thomas J. Songer, C. Shah, H. Engel, Saul M. Genuth, S. Ferguson, Anushka Patel, C. Haggan, P. Lou, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, D. Sandstrom, Dawn M. Ryan, Daniel H. O'Leary, B. Gloeb, Lois E. Schmidt, H. Zegarra, D. Dalton, W. Brown, Tom G. Sheidow, Margaret E. Stockman, Shyam M. Thomas, Charles McKitrick, Jyotika K. Fernandes, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, G. Friedenberg, Allan Gordon, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, D. Wood, S. Johnsonbaugh, A. De Manbey, L. Kaminski, M. May, L. Bestourous, A. Kowarski, M. Geckle, M. Hartmuller, Michael Bryer-Ash, S. List, F. Goetz, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, Rose A. Gubitosi-Klug, M. Brabham, E. Golden, A. Nayate, J. Hu, M. McLellan, Ronald Klein, N. Rude, B. Vittetoe, John M. Lachin, M. Christofi, Zhuo Chen, Isaac Boniuk, C. Strauch, K. Gunyou, L. Delahanty, W. T. Garvey, Andrew P. Boright, Larry D. Hubbard, D. Weiss, Igor Grant, Jonathan Q. Purnell, Jean M. Bucksa, N. Olson, and B. Zinman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic neuropathy, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Gastroenterology, Nephropathy, Epigenesis, Genetic, Diabetic complications, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetic Neuropathies, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Albumins, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Whole blood, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Research, dNaM, DNA methylation age, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Blood pressure, Peripheral neuropathy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, CpG Islands, Female, business, Developmental Biology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Background Many CpGs become hyper or hypo-methylated with age. Multiple methods have been developed by Horvath et al. to estimate DNA methylation (DNAm) age including Pan-tissue, Skin & Blood, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. Pan-tissue and Skin & Blood try to estimate chronological age in the normal population whereas PhenoAge and GrimAge use surrogate markers associated with mortality to estimate biological age and its departure from chronological age. Here, we applied Horvath’s four methods to calculate and compare DNAm age in 499 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study using DNAm data measured by Illumina EPIC array in the whole blood. Association of the four DNAm ages with development of diabetic complications including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, and their risk factors were investigated. Results Pan-tissue and GrimAge were higher whereas Skin & Blood and PhenoAge were lower than chronological age (p < 0.0001). DNAm age was not associated with the risk of CVD or retinopathy over 18–20 years after DNAm measurement. However, higher PhenoAge (β = 0.023, p = 0.007) and GrimAge (β = 0.029, p = 0.002) were associated with higher albumin excretion rate (AER), an indicator of diabetic renal disease, measured over time. GrimAge was also associated with development of both diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR = 1.07, p = 9.24E−3) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (OR = 1.06, p = 0.011). Both HbA1c (β = 0.38, p = 0.026) and T1D duration (β = 0.01, p = 0.043) were associated with higher PhenoAge. Employment (β = − 1.99, p = 0.045) and leisure time (β = − 0.81, p = 0.022) physical activity were associated with lower Pan-tissue and Skin & Blood, respectively. BMI (β = 0.09, p = 0.048) and current smoking (β = 7.13, p = 9.03E−50) were positively associated with Skin & Blood and GrimAge, respectively. Blood pressure, lipid levels, pulse rate, and alcohol consumption were not associated with DNAm age regardless of the method used. Conclusions Various methods of measuring DNAm age are sub-optimal in detecting people at higher risk of developing diabetic complications although some work better than the others.
Published: 2020

2. International Practice Patterns in the Management of Postprocedure Endophthalmitis

Author: Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, Endophthalmitis, Practice patterns, business.industry, General surgery, medicine, Humans, medicine.disease, business, Eye Infections, Bacterial
Published: 2019

3. Subretinal Hyperreflective Material in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials

Author: Alex S. Willoughby, Gui-shuang Ying, Cynthia A. Toth, Maureen G. Maguire, Russell E. Burns, Juan E. Grunwald, Ebenezer Daniel, Glenn J. Jaffe, David F. Williams, Sara Beardsley, Steven Bennett, Herbert Cantrill, Carmen Chan-Tram, Holly Cheshier, Kathyrn Damato, John Davies, Sundeep Dev, Julianne Enloe, Gennaro Follano, Peggy Gilbert, Jill Johnson, Tori Jones, Lisa Mayleben, Robert Mittra, Martha Moos, Ryan Neist, Neal Oestreich, Polly Quiram, Robert Ramsay, Edwin Ryan, Stephanie Schindeldecker, John Snater, Trenise Steele, Dwight Selders, Jessica Tonsfeldt, Shelly Valardi, Gary Edd Fish, Hank A. Aguado, Sally Arceneaux, Jean Arnwine, Kim Bell, Tina Bell, Bob Boleman, Patricia Bradley, David Callanan, Lori Coors, Jodi Creighton, Timothy Crew, Kimberly Cummings, Christopher Dock, Karen Duignan, Dwain Fuller, Keith Gray, Betsy Hendrix, Nicholas Hesse, Diana Jaramillo, Bradley Jost, Sandy Lash, Laura Lonsdale, Michael Mackens, Karin Mutz, Michael Potts, Brenda Sanchez, William Snyder, Wayne Solley, Carrie Tarter, Robert Wang, Patrick Williams, Stephen L. Perkins, Nicholas Anderson, Ann Arnold, Paul Blais, Joseph Googe, Tina T. Higdon, Cecile Hunt, Mary Johnson, James Miller, Misty Moore, Charity K. Morris, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Kristina Oliver, Vicky Seitz, Jerry Whetstone, Bernard H. Doft, Jay Bedel, Robert Bergren, Ann Borthwick, Paul Conrad, Amanda Fec, Christina Fulwylie, Willia Ingram, Shawnique Latham, Gina Lester, Judy Liu, Louis Lobes, Nicole M. Lucko, Holly Mechling, Lori Merlotti, Keith McBroom, Karl Olsen, Danielle Puskas, Pamela Rath, Maria Schmucker, Lynn Schueckler, Christina Schultz, Heather Shultz, David Steinberg, Avni Vyas, Kim Whale, Kimberly Yeckel, David H. Orth, Linda S. Arredondo, Susan Brown, Barbara J. Ciscato, Joseph M. Civantos, Celeste Figliulo, Sohail Hasan, Belinda Kosinski, Dan Muir, Kiersten Nelson, Kirk Packo, John S. Pollack, Kourous Rezaei, Gina Shelton, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Marian Walsh, H. Richard McDonald, Nina Ansari, Amanda Bye, Arthur D. Fu, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Robert N. Johnson, J. Michael Jumper, Silvia Linares, Brandon J. Lujan, Ames Munden, Meredith Persons, Rosa Rodriguez, Jennifer M. Rose, Brandi Teske, Yesmin Urias, Stephen Young, Richard F. Dreyer, Howard Daniel, Michele Connaughton, Irvin Handelman, Stephen Hobbs, Christine Hoerner, Dawn Hudson, Marcia Kopfer, Michael Lee, Craig Lemley, Joe Logan, Colin Ma, Christophe Mallet, Amanda Milliron, Mark Peters, Harry Wohlsein, Joel A. Pearlman, Margo Andrews, Melissa Bartlett, Nanette Carlson, Emily Cox, Robert Equi, Marta Gonzalez, Sophia Griffin, Fran Hogue, Lance Kennedy, Lana Kryuchkov, Carmen Lopez, Danny Lopez, Bertha Luevano, Erin McKenna, Arun Patel, Brian Reed, Nyla Secor, Iris R. Sison, Tony Tsai, Nina Varghis, Brooke Waller, Robert Wendel, Reina Yebra, Daniel B. Roth, Jane Deinzer, Howard Fine, Flory Green, Stuart Green, Bruce Keyser, Steven Leff, Amy Leviton, Amy Martir, Kristin Mosenthine, Starr Muscle, Linda Okoren, Sandy Parker, Jonathan Prenner, Nancy Price, Deana Rogers, Linda Rosas, Alex Schlosser, Loretta Studenko, Thea Tantum, Harold Wheatley, Michael T. Trese, Thomas Aaberg, Denis Bezaire, Craig Bridges, Doug Bryant, Antonio Capone, Michelle Coleman, Christina Consolo, Cindy Cook, Candice DuLong, Bruce Garretson, Tracy Grooten, Julie Hammersley, Tarek Hassan, Heather Jessick, Nanette Jones, Crystal Kinsman, Jennifer Krumlauf, Sandy Lewis, Heather Locke, Alan Margherio, Debra Markus, Tanya Marsh, Serena Neal, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Clarence Pence, Lisa Preston, Paul Raphaelian, Virginia R. Regan, Peter Roberts, Alan Ruby, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Marissa Scherf, Sarita Scott, Scott Sneed, Lisa Staples, Brad Terry, Matthew T. Trese, Joan Videtich, George Williams, Mary Zajechowski, Daniel P. Joseph, Kevin Blinder, Lynda Boyd, Sarah Buckley, Meaghan Crow, Amanda Dinatale, Nicholas Engelbrecht, Bridget Forke, Dana Gabel, Gilbert Grand, Jennifer Grillion-Cerone, Nancy Holekamp, Charlotte Kelly, Ginny Nobel, Kelly Pepple, Matt Raeber, P. Kumar Rao, Tammy Ressel, Steven Schremp, Merrilee Sgorlon, Shantia Shears, Matthew Thomas, Cathy Timma, Annette Vaughn, Carolyn Walters, Rhonda Weeks, Jarrod Wehmeier, Tim Wright, Daniel M. Berinstein, Aida Ayyad, Mohammed K. Barazi, Erica Bickhart, Tracey Brady, Lisa Byank, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Courtney Dunn, Michael Flory, Robert Frantz, Richard A. Garfinkel, William Gilbert, Michael M. Lai, Alexander Melamud, Janine Newgen, Shamekia Newton, Debbie Oliver, Michael Osman, Reginald Sanders, Manfred von Fricken, Pravin Dugel, Sandra Arenas, Gabe Balea, Dayna Bartoli, John Bucci, Jennifer A. Cornelius, Scheleen Dickens, Don Doherty, Heather Dunlap, David Goldenberg, Karim Jamal, Norma Jimenez, Nicole Kavanagh, Derek Kunimoto, John Martin, Jessica Miner, Sarah Mobley, Donald Park, Edward Quinlan, Jack Sipperley, Carol Slagle, Danielle Smith, Miguelina Yafchak, Rohana Yager, Christina J. Flaxel, Steven Bailey, Peter Francis, Chris Howell, Thomas Hwang, Shirley Ira, Michael Klein, Andreas Lauer, Teresa Liesegang, Ann Lundquist, Sarah Nolte, Susan K. Nolte, Scott Pickell, Susan Pope, Joseph Rossi, Mitchell Schain, Peter Steinkamp, Maureen D. Toomey, Debora Vahrenwald, Kelly West, Baker Hubbard, Stacey Andelman, Chris Bergstrom, Judy Brower, Blaine Cribbs, Linda Curtis, Jannah Dobbs, Lindreth DuBois, Jessica Gaultney, Deborah Gibbs, Debora Jordan, Donna Leef, Daniel F. Martin, Robert Myles, Timothy Olsen, Bryan Schwent, Sunil Srivastava, Rhonda Waldron, Andrew N. Antoszyk, Uma Balasubramaniam, Danielle Brooks, Justin Brown, David Browning, Loraine Clark, Sarah Ennis, Susannah Held, Jennifer V. Helms, Jenna Herby, Angie Karow, Pearl Leotaud, Caterina Massimino, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Jennifer Mindel, Candace Pereira, Rachel Pierce, Michele Powers, Angela Price, Jason Rohrer, Jason Sanders, Robert L. Avery, Kelly Avery, Jessica Basefsky, Liz Beckner, Alessandro Castellarin, Stephen Couvillion, Jack Giust, Matthew Giust, Maan Nasir, Dante Pieramici, Melvin Rabena, Sarah Risard, Robert See, Jerry Smith, Lisha Wan, Sophie J. Bakri, Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi, Andrew Barkmeier, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Albert Edwards, Shannon Goddard, Shannon Howard, Raymond Iezzi, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Colin A. McCannel, Joan Overend, John Pach, Margaret Ruszczyk, Ryan Shultz, Cindy Stephan, Diane Vogen, Reagan H. Bradford, Vanessa Bergman, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Beth Daniels, Connie Dwiggins, Stephen Fransen, Tiffany Guerrero, Darin Haivala, Amy Harris, Sonny Icks, Ronald Kingsley, Lena Redden, Rob Richmond, Brittany Ross, Kammerin White, Misty Youngberg, Trexler M. Topping, Steve Bennett, Sandy Chong, Mary Ciotti, Tina Cleary, Emily Corey, Dennis Donovan, Albert Frederick, Lesley Freese, Margaret Graham, Natalya Gud, Taneika Howard, Mike Jones, Michael Morley, Katie Moses, Jen Stone, Robin Ty, Torsten Wiegand, Lindsey Williams, Beth Winder, Carl C. Awh, Michelle Amonette, Everton Arrindell, Dena Beck, Brandon Busbee, Amy Dilback, Sara Downs, Allison Guidry, Gary Gutow, Jackey Hardin, Sarah Hines, Emily Hutchins, Kim LaCivita, Ashley Lester, Larry Malott, MaryAnn McCain, Jayme Miracle, Kenneth Moffat, Lacy Palazzotta, Kelly Robinson, Peter Sonkin, Alecia Travis, Roy Trent Wallace, Kelly J. Winters, Julia Wray, April E. Harris, Mari Bunnell, Katrina Crooks, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Cameron Javid, Corin Kew, Erica Kill, Patricia Kline, Janet Kreienkamp, Maricruz Martinez, Roy Ann Moore, Egbert Saavedra, LuAnne Taylor, Mark Walsh, Larry Wilson, Thomas A. Ciulla, Ellen Coyle, Tonya Harrington, Charlotte Harris, Cindi Hood, Ingrid Kerr, Raj Maturi, Dawn Moore, Stephanie Morrow, Jennifer Savage, Bethany Sink, Tom Steele, Neelam Thukral, Janet Wilburn, Joseph P. Walker, Jennifer Banks, Debbie Ciampaglia, Danielle Dyshanowitz, Jennifer Frederick, A. Tom Ghuman, Richard Grodin, Cheryl Kiesel, Eileen Knips, Jonathan McCue, Maria Ortiz, Crystal Peters, Paul Raskauskas, Etienne Schoeman, Ashish Sharma, Glenn Wing, Rebecca Youngblood, Suresh R. Chandra, Michael Altaweel, Barbara Blodi, Kathryn Burke, Kristine A. Dietzman, Justin Gottlieb, Gene Knutson, Denise Krolnik, T. Michael Nork, Shelly Olson, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Thomas Stevens, Angela Wealti, Srilaxmi Bearelly, Brenda Branchaud, Joyce W. Bryant, Sara Crowell, Sharon Fekrat, Merritt Gammage, Cheala Harrison, Sarah Jones, Noreen McClain, Brooks McCuen, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Jeanne Queen, Neeru Sarin, Cindy Skalak, Marriner Skelly, Ivan Suner, Ronnie Tomany, Lauren Welch, Susanna S. Park, Allison Cassidy, Karishma Chandra, Idalew Good, Katrina Imson, Sashi Kaur, Helen Metzler, Lawrence Morse, Ellen Redenbo, Marisa Salvador, David Telander, Mark Thomas, Cindy Wallace, Charles C. Barr, Amanda Battcher, Michelle Bottorff, Mary Chasteen, Kelly Clark, Diane Denning, Debra Schoen, Amy Schultz, Evie Tempel, Lisa Wheeler, Greg K. Whittington, Thomas W. Stone, Todd Blevins, Michelle Buck, Lynn Cruz, Wanda Heath, Diana Holcomb, Rick Isernhagen, Terri Kidd, John Kitchens, Cathy Sears, Ed Slade, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Brenda VanHoose, Jenny Wolfe, William Wood, John Zilis, Carol Crooks, Larry Disney, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, Sandra Sall, James C. Folk, Tracy Aly, Abby Brotherton, Douglas Critser, Connie J. Hinz, Stefani Karakas, Valerie Kirschner, Cheyanne Lester, Cindy Montague, Stephen Russell, Heather Stockman, Barbara Taylor, Randy Verdick, Jean Walshire, John T. Thompson, Barbara Connell, Maryanth Constantine, John L. Davis, Gwen Holsapple, Lisa Hunter, C. Nicki Lenane, Robin Mitchell, Leslie Russel, Raymond Sjaarda, David M. Brown, Matthew Benz, Llewellyn Burns, JoLene G. Carranza, Richard Fish, Debra Goates, Shayla Hay, Theresa Jeffers, Eric Kegley, Dallas Kubecka, Stacy McGilvra, Beau Richter, Veronica Sneed, Cary Stoever, Isabell Tellez, Tien Wong, Ivana Kim, Christopher Andreoli, Leslie Barresi, Sarah Brett, Charlene Callahan, Karen Capaccioli, William Carli, Matthew Coppola, Nicholas Emmanuel, Claudia Evans, Anna Fagan, Marcia Grillo, John Head, Troy Kieser, Elaine Lee, Ursula Lord, Edward Miretsky, Kate Palitsch, Todd Petrin, Liz Reader, Svetlana Reznichenko, Mary Robertson, Justin Smith, Demetrios Vavvas, John Wells, Cassie Cahill, W. Lloyd Clark, Kayla Henry, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, LaDetrick Oliver, Robbin Spivey, Tiffany Swinford, Mallie Taylor, Michael Lambert, Kris Chase, Debbie Fredrickson, Joseph Khawly, Valerie Lazarte, Donald Lowd, Pam Miller, Arthur Willis, Philip J. Ferrone, Miguel Almonte, Rachel Arnott, Ingrid Aviles, Sheri Carbon, Michael Chitjian, Kristen DAmore, Christin Elliott, David Fastenberg, Barry Golub, Kenneth Graham, AnnMarie Lavorna, Laura Murphy, Amanda Palomo, Christina Puglisi, David Rhee, Juan Romero, Brett Rosenblatt, Glenda Salcedo, Marianne Schlameuss, Eric Shakin, Vasanti Sookhai, Richard Kaiser, Elizabeth Affel, Gary Brown, Christina Centinaro, Deborah Fine, Mitchell Fineman, Michele Formoso, Sunir Garg, Lisa Grande, Carolyn Herbert, Allen Ho, Jason Hsu, Maryann Jay, Lisa Lavetsky, Elaine Liebenbaum, Joseph Maguire, Julia Monsonego, Lucia O'Connor, Lisa Pierce, Carl Regillo, Maria Rosario, Marc Spirn, James Vander, Jennifer Walsh, Frederick H. Davidorf, Amanda Barnett, Susie Chang, John Christoforidis, Joy Elliott, Heather Justice, Alan Letson, Kathryne McKinney, Jeri Perry, Jill A. Salerno, Scott Savage, Stephen Shelley, Lawrence J. Singerman, Joseph Coney, John DuBois, Kimberly DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Dianne Himmelman, Mary Ilc, Elizabeth Mcnamara, Michael Novak, Scott Pendergast, Susan Rath, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Vivian Tanner, Diane E. Weiss, Hernando Zegarra, Lawrence Halperin, Patricia Aramayo, Mandeep Dhalla, Brian Fernandez, Cindy Fernandez, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Kellie Murphy, Clifford Sherley, Rita Veksler, Firas Rahhal, Razmig Babikian, David Boyer, Sepideh Hami, Jeff Kessinger, Janet Kurokouchi, Saba Mukarram, Sarah Pachman, Eric Protacio, Julio Sierra, Homayoun Tabandeh, Adam Zamboni, Michael Elman, Jennifer Belz, Tammy Butcher, Theresa Cain, Teresa Coffey, Dena Firestone, Nancy Gore, Pamela Singletary, Peter Sotirakos, JoAnn Starr, Travis A. Meredith, Cassandra J. Barnhart, Debra Cantrell, RonaLyn Esquejo-Leon, Odette Houghton, Harpreet Kaur, Fatoumatta NDure, Ronald Glatzer, Leonard Joffe, Reid Schindler, Stuart L. Fine, Marilyn Katz, Mary Brightwell-Arnold, Ruchira Glaser, Judith Hall, Sandra Harkins, Jiayan Huang, Alexander Khvatov, Kathy McWilliams, Ellen Peskin, Maxwell Pistilli, Susan Ryan, Allison Schnader, Gui-Shuang Ying, Glenn Jaffe, Jennifer Afrani-Sakyi, Brannon Balsley, Linda S. Bennett, Adam Brooks, Adrienne Brower-Lingsch, Lori Bruce, Russell Burns, Dee Busian, John Choong, Lindsey Cloaninger, Francis Char DeCroos, Emily DuBois, Mays El-Dairi, Sarah Gach, Katelyn Hall, Terry Hawks, ChengChenh Huang, Cindy Heydary, Alexander Ho, Shashi Kini, Michelle McCall, Daaimah Muhammad, Jayne Nicholson, Pamela Rieves, Kelly Shields, Adam Specker, Sandra Stinnett, Sujatha Subramaniam, Patrick Tenbrink, Cynthia Toth, Aaron Towe, Kimberly Welch, Natasha Williams, Katrina Winter, Ellen Young, Judith Alexander, Elisabeth Flannagan, E. Revell Martin, Candace Parker, Krista Sepielli, Tom Shannon, Claressa Whearry, Maryann Redford, Marcia R. Kopfer, Frederick L. Ferris, Joan DuPont, Lawrence M. Friedman, Susan B. Bressler, David L. DeMets, Martin Friedlander, Mark W. Johnson, Anne Lindblad, Douglas W. Losordo, and Franklin G. Miller
Subjects: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Retina, Article, Cicatrix, Ophthalmology, Geographic Atrophy, Ranibizumab, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Fluorescein Angiography, External limiting membrane, Prospective cohort study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Fundus photography, Macular degeneration, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, eye diseases, Bevacizumab, Choroidal neovascularization, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intravitreal Injections, Wet Macular Degeneration, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.drug
Abstract: To evaluate the association of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) with visual acuity (VA), geographic atrophy (GA), and scar in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT).Prospective cohort study within a randomized clinical trial.The 1185 CATT participants.Masked readers graded scar and GA on fundus photography and fluorescein angiography and graded SHRM on time-domain and spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) throughout 104 weeks. Measurements of SHRM height and width in the fovea, within the center 1 mm(2), or outside the center 1mm(2) were obtained on SD OCT images at 56 (n = 76) and 104 (n = 66) weeks.Presence of SHRM, as well as location and size, and associations with VA, scar, and GA.Among CATT participants, the percentage with SHRM at enrollment was 77%, decreasing to 68% at 4 weeks after treatment and to 54% at 104 weeks. At 104 weeks, scar was present more often in eyes with persistent SHRM than in eyes with SHRM that resolved (64% vs. 31%; P0.0001). Among eyes with detailed evaluation of SHRM at weeks 56 (n = 76) and 104 (n = 66), mean VA letter score was 73.5 (standard error [SE], 2.8), 73.1 (SE, 3.4), 65.3 (SE, 3.5), and 63.9 (SE, 3.7) when SHRM was absent, present outside the central 1 mm(2), present within the central 1 mm(2) but not the foveal center, or present at the foveal center (P = 0.02), respectively. When SHRM was present, the median maximum height under the fovea, within the central 1 mm(2) including the fovea and anywhere within the scan, was 86 μm, 120 μm, and 122 μm, respectively. Visual acuity was decreased with greater SHRM height and width (P0.05).In eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), SHRM is common and often persists after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. At 2 years, eyes with scar were more likely to have SHRM than other eyes. Greater SHRM dimensions were associated with worse VA. In eyes with neovascular AMD, SHRM is an important morphologic biomarker.
Published: 2015

4. Postinjection Endophthalmitis in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT)

Author: Jonathan L. Prenner, Ellen Peskin, Charles C. Barr, Maureen G. Maguire, Travis A. Meredith, Bernard H. Doft, Colin A. McCannel, and Daniel F. Martin
Subjects: Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Vitrectomy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Article, Cohort Studies, Postoperative Complications, Endophthalmitis, Ranibizumab, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, Macular degeneration, Eye infection, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Intravitreal Injections, Wet Macular Degeneration, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective To describe the incidence and outcomes of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) and to assess the effect of prophylactic topical antimicrobials on incidence. Design Cohort study within a randomized clinical trial. Participants Patients enrolled in CATT. Methods Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or bevacizumab under 1 of 3 dosing regimens. The study protocol specified preinjection preparation to include use of a sterile lid speculum and povidone iodine (5%). Use of preinjection and postinjection antibiotics was at the discretion of the treating ophthalmologist. Patients were followed up monthly for 2 years. Main Outcome Measures Development of endophthalmitis and visual acuity. Results Endophthalmitis developed after 11 of 18 509 injections (1 per 1700 [0.06%]; 95% confidence interval, 0.03%–0.11%), and in 11 of 1185 patients (0.93%; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.66). Incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.15% among injections with no antibiotic use, 0.08% among injections with preinjection antibiotics only, 0.06% among injections with postinjection antibiotics only, and 0.04% among injections with preinjection and postinjection antibiotics ( P = 0.20). All eyes were treated with intravitreal antibiotics and 4 underwent vitrectomy. Among the 11 affected eyes, the final study visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 4 eyes (36%), 20/50 to 20/80 in 2 eyes (18%), 20/100 to 20/160 in 3 eyes (27%), and worse than 20/800 in 2 eyes (18%). The final visual acuity was within 2 lines of the visual acuity before endophthalmitis in 5 eyes (45%). Conclusions Rates of endophthalmitis were low and similar to those in other large-scale studies. Use of topical antibiotics either before or after injection does not seem to reduce the risk for endophthalmitis.
Published: 2015
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5. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Myopia and Hyperopia Provides Evidence for Replication of 11 Loci

Author: Mario Pirastu, G. E. Munn, L. H. Ketai, K. Taylor, Angela Döring, R. Chan, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Bradley D. Jones, M. Hebdon, Williams L. Dews, Douglas A. Greene, Michael D. Weiss, Sapna Gangaputra, E. A. Tanaka, J. Ginsberg, Ben A. Oostra, Alka Jain, D. Singer, M. Burger, Szilard Kiss, David A. Bluemke, Barbara H. Braffett, Jugnoo S Rahi, L. Sun, C. Clark, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, Paul Mitchell, R. Trail, D. Ryan, Robert Bergren, D. D. Joseph, G. Grand, Blanche M. Chavers, J. M.Verhoeven Virginie, David S. Schade, C. Cowie, Sharon B. Schwartz, G. Ziegler, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Michael H. Brent, John I. Malone, C. Pittman, M. Reid, Stephen S. Feman, Maurizio Fossarello, Kathie L. Hermayer, J. Parker, M. N. Iyer, Hamid Mojibian, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, P. W. Conrad, Daniel T. Lackland, Michael Brändle, C. Canny, Alan F. Wright, M. E. Lackaye, David A. Lee, Rickey E. Carter, J. Brown-Friday, J. K. Jones, J. Distad, A. Thomas, Gordon C. Weir, S. Caulder, M. Szpiech, R. Gstalder, D. Rubinstein, Fred W. Whitehouse, T. Adkins, Gayle M. Lorenzi, L. Survant, Naji Younes, Robert Detrano, Lucy A. Levandoski, Charles Campbell, Lawrence J. Singerman, Johannes R. Vingerling, Joao A.C. Lima, D. Counts, V. Gama, D. M. Nathan, John Dupre, Cornelia M. van Duijn, N. Wong, Anita Harrington, Caroline Hayward, Shelley B. Bull, R. Hackel, William I. Sivitz, Enrico Cagliero, M. Spencer, Albert Hofman, Samuel S. Engel, John E. Hokanson, Julio V. Santiago, David M. Kendall, O. Crofford, T. Thompson, Lee M. Jampol, Kevin Morgan, R. Sussman, James W. Albers, Anita Agarwal, Kevin J. Blinder, Anthony D. Morrison, Nikhil D. Patel, R. Prusak, S. Hitt, Alexander R. Lyon, Saul Genuth, J. Sheindlin, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Goran Benčić, P. Titus, Lisa Diminick, N. Wimmergren, Shelly Olson, Z. Strugula, L. Goings, Lennart C. Karssen, A. Blevins, Harjit Chahal, Ronald K. Mayfield, S. Pendegast, T. J. Lyons, Ozren Polasek, Matthew A. Thomas, Annette Barnie, P. Lindsey, L. Funk, James L. Kinyoun, Neil H. White, L. Mayer, Rodney A. Lorenz, Susan G. Elner, R. L. Pate, E. Simjanoski, R. Beaser, J. Gothrup, Tien Yin Wong, Thomas Bettecken, Jae-Ho Lee, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Ronald P. Danis, Phillippa M. Cumberland, J. Selby, Pamela Rath, H. Martinez, S. Neill, D. Rosenberg, D. Zheng, R. Devenyi, Murk-Hein Heinemann, Albert V. Smith, Alicia J. Jenkins, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Konrad Oexle, Osama Hamdy, John D. Brunzell, Trevor J. Orchard, Daniel Cornfeld, K. Nickander, Igor Rudan, L. Kim, T. Williams, Christopher M. Ryan, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, Matthew J. Budoff, Orville G. Kolterman, Seang-Mei Saw, Lisa A. Prosser, A. Determan, M. Espeland, L. Van Ottingham, B. Petty, A. Farr, Brandy N. Rutledge, Patricia A. Cleary, Margaret L. Bayless, E. Cupelli, Ronald J. Prineas, Jonathan Goldstein, Stefan Fritz, J. Harth, K. Stoessel, Jerry P. Palmer, J. Soule, John A. Colwell, Stephen W. Scherer, Cyndi F. Liu, M. Phillips, Alexander J. Brucker, B. Rogness, Caroline C W Klaver, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, Claire L. Simpson, Gaurav K. Shah, Louis A. Lobes, S. Mohsen Hosseini, Veronique Vitart, Dwight Stambolian, Mark S. Mandelcorn, John E. Godine, Gabriel Virella, A. Cochrane, David A. Nicolle, Timothy J. Lyons, S. Schussler, Abbas E. Kitabchi, N. Grove, Matthew D. Davis, Andrew K. Vine, Joseph F. Polak, Helen Lambeth, Ayad A. Jaffa, S. Rogers, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, C. Siebert, K. Hansen, H. Shamoon, David J. Brillon, D. Schlossman, H. Ricks, Toby A. Gardner, Mary Frances Cotch, J. Quin, Om P. Ganda, Fernando Rivadeneira, F. Thoma, Brian Fleck, K. Klumpp, Manjot K. Gill, R. J. van der Geest, Hunter Wessells, P. Salemi, P. Gaston, Tae Sup Lee, T. Woodfill, Scott M. Steidl, Thomas Meitinger, Laura Portas, John E. Chapin, Robert Wojciechowski, Martin J. Stevens, Z. M. Zhang, John D. Maynard, Paul G. Arrigg, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Andrew D. Paterson, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Ramzi K. Hemady, J. Dingledine, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, D. Kenny, Leslie J. Raffel, R. Jarboe, E. Angus, G. Sharuk, Jie Jin Wang, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, R. K. Mayfield, M. Nutaitis, William V. Tamborlane, Emily Y. Chew, Michael H. Goldbaum, S. Kwon, Davida F. Kruger, Mary E. Larkin, Catherine L. Martin, M. Novak, David E. Goldstein, J. Rosenzwieg, D. J. Becker, A. E. Boulton, Jean M. Bucksa, Richard S. Crow, Thomas Donner, Philip A. Low, J. Fradkin, K. Folino, M. L. Bernal, Daniel L. McGee, R. D′Agostino, David G. Miller, Evrim B. Turkbey, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, Harry Campbell, Mark R. Palmert, N. Silvers, M. Driscoll, M. Bracey, Mark E. Molitch, Boniuk Burgess, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, Edward Chaum, Philip Raskin, I. H. de Boer, Peter R. Pavan, C. Wigley, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Pirro G. Hysi, C. Sommer, R. Eastman, B. Schaefer, Maren Nowicki, K. Lee, S. Braunstein, Hugh D. Wabers, A. F. Burrows, M. Johnson, B. Zinman, M. Ong, Samir S. Deeb, C. Gauthier-Kelly, S. Novella, C. Miao, S. Strowig, S. Crowell, Teri A. Manolio, S. Yalamanchi, Christian Gieger, D. Meyer, Louis M. Luttrell, Janie Lipps, William H. Herman, Michael W. Steffes, A. Galprin, A. Iannacone, Federico Murgia, E. Steuer, KyungMann Kim, James F. Wilson, S. Genuth, André G. Uitterlinden, Dean P. Hainsworth, J. Giangiacomo, Wanjie Sun, Aruna V. Sarma, R. Liss, S. Catton, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Moser, Bernard H. Doft, A. Malayeri, B. Gloeb, W. T. Garvey, Andrew P. Boright, Alan M. Jacobson, Larry D. Hubbard, Barbara E.K. Klein, Shyam M. Thomas, Allan Gordon, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, S. Johnsonbaugh, L. Kaminski, G. Meekins, Jonathan Q. Purnell, B. Burzuk, John M. Lachin, M. Geckle, Ronald J. Oudiz, Isaac Boniuk, Xiaohui Li, V. Reppucci, H. Wolpert, D. Etzwiler, M. Brabham, Maria Schache, E. Golden, M. Fox, Jyotika K. Fernandes, Jerome I. Rotter, Paul N. Baird, Michael Bryer-Ash, M. Stern, H. Engel, M. Hawkins, Najaf Amin, C. O′Donnell, M. McLellan, G. Comer, Ronald Klein, D. Sandstrom, H. Zegarra, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, Cristina Venturini, D. Wood, H.-Erich Wichmann, M. May, A. Kowarski, Timothy W. Olsen, Thomas J. Songer, Christopher J Hammond, P. Lou, Jill P. Crandall, Miao, Xiaoping, Ophthalmology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Genetics, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Refractive error, genetic structures, Epidemiology, Genome-wide association study, Plant Science, Eye, Linkage Disequilibrium, ASSOCIATION SCANS, MULTIPLE, Medicine and Health Sciences, Myopia, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Age of Onset, FAMILIAL AGGREGATION, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, AUSTRALIAN SCHOOL-CHILDREN, COMMON VARIANTS, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, OUTDOOR ACTIVITY, Hyperopia, Phenotype, Genetic Epidemiology, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Genetic Markers, Adult, General Science & Technology, Science, DCCT/EDIC Research Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, and over, Biology, Disease Surveillance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, medicine, Genome-Wide Association Studies, Humans, Inherited Eye Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Polymorphism, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Whites, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Human Genetics, Heritability, Plant Pathology, medicine.disease, Genome Analysis, GENE, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, REFRACTIVE ERROR, Genetics of Disease, LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM, Age of onset
Abstract: Refractive error (RE) is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by a mismatch between the optical power of the eye and its axial length that causes object images to be focused off the retina. The two major subtypes of RE are myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness), which represent opposite ends of the distribution of the quantitative measure of spherical refraction. We performed a fixed effects meta-analysis of genome-wide association results of myopia and hyperopia from 9 studies of European-derived populations: AREDS, KORA, FES, OGP-Talana, MESA, RSI, RSII, RSIII and ERF. One genome-wide significant region was observed for myopia, corresponding to a previously identified myopia locus on 8q12 (p = 1.25×10-8), which has been reported by Kiefer et al. as significantly associated with myopia age at onset and Verhoeven et al. as significantly associated to mean spherical-equivalent (MSE) refractive error. We observed two genome-wide significant associations with hyperopia. These regions overlapped with loci on 15q14 (minimum p value = 9.11×10-11) and 8q12 (minimum p value 1.82×10-11) previously reported for MSE and myopia age at onset. We also used an intermarker linkage- disequilibrium-based method for calculating the effective number of tests in targeted regional replication analyses. We analyzed myopia (which represents the closest phenotype in our data to the one used by Kiefer et al.) and showed replication of 10 additional loci associated with myopia previously reported by Kiefer et al. This is the first replication of these loci using myopia as the trait under analysis. "Replication-level" association was also seen between hyperopia and 12 of Kiefer et al.'s published loci. For the loci that show evidence of association to both myopia and hyperopia, the estimated effect of the risk alleles were in opposite directions for the two traits. This suggests that these loci are important contributors to variation of refractive error across the distribution.
Published: 2014
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6. Additional procedures after the initial vitrectomy or tap-biopsy in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study

Author: Sheryl F. Kelsey, Stephen R. Wisniewski, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Biopsy, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Cataract Extraction, Eye Infections, Bacterial, law.invention, Postoperative Complications, Endophthalmitis, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Bacteria, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Eye infection, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Practice Guidelines as Topic, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Complication
Abstract: Objective The study aimed to assess the frequency, indications, and outcome of additional ocular procedures after initial treatment of vitrectomy (VIT) or tap-biopsy (TAP) for patients with endophthalmitis after cataract extraction. Design The study design was an analysis of observational data collected as part of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Participants Of the 420 patients enrolled in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study, the 148 who had additional procedures were compared with the 272 who did not. Main outcome measures The types, indications, and number of additional ocular procedures were assessed. A masked examiner measured visual acuity 9 to 12 months after study entry. Results Within 1 week of study entry, 8% of VIT eyes and 13% of TAP eyes underwent additional procedures, 14% for complications of the initial procedure and 86% for worsening ocular inflammation or infection. Cultures were obtained in 33 of the 38 eyes operated on for worsening inflammation or infection and were positive in 42%. Cultures obtained from the early additional procedures were positive more frequently in eyes with an initial TAP (71%) than in eyes with an initial VIT (13%). Both virulence of initial microbiologic organism isolated and poor presenting vision were risk factors for requirement of reoperation. In all cases in which a single organism was cultured at the initial procedure, when the reculture was positive, it was the same organism. Late additional procedures (after 7 days) were required in 27% of patients. Visual outcome was much worse for eyes that had an additional procedure compared to eyes that did not, and this was especially the case for eyes that had an early additional procedure. Only 15% of eyes that had an early additional procedure achieved 20/40 visual acuity as compared to 57% of eyes that did not. Conclusion Need for an additional procedure was a marker of more severe disease, and patients who underwent additional procedures achieved poorer visual acuity at final follow-up.
Published: 1998
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7. An Investigation of the Hospital Charges Related to the Treatment of Endophthalmitis in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Donald F. Everett, Stephen R. Wisniewski, David L. Yarian, Kirk H Packo, Mark E. Hammer, W. Sanderson Grizzard, Bernard H. Doft, and Sheryl F. Kelsey
Subjects: Male, Pars plana, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost-Benefit Analysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Hospitals, Community, Vitrectomy, law.invention, Hospitals, University, Postoperative Complications, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, Cost Savings, Recurrence, law, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Ancillary Study, medicine.disease, Hospital Charges, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Population study, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Red eye, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the hospital charges associated with the treatment of endophthalmitis using a sample of patients from the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). Methods: The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study was a multicenter, randomized clinical trial with a two-by-two factorial design to compare immediate pars plana vitrectomy to tap—biopsy and to compare the use of systemic antibiotics (intravenous) to no intravenous antibiotics in the management of postoperative endophthalmitis. Hospital charge data were collected retrospectively from 129 patients from the 4 clinical centers participating in this ancillary study. This represents 31 % of the total Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study population. An analysis of variance was used to compare hospital charges across center and treatment. A charge-effectiveness analysis compared measures the effectiveness across treatment groups. The annual savings of hospital charges in the United States was estimated for a range of annual incidence rates of endophthalmitis. Results: The use of intravenous antibiotics significantly increased hospital charges. Patients undergoing vitrectomy had significantly higher hospital charges than did patients undergoing tap—biopsy. The most charge-effective treatment for patients presenting with light perception only vision was immediate vitrectomy, whereas the most charge-effective treatment for patients presenting with better vision was tap—biopsy. Factors other than treatment independently associated with hospital charges were female sex, history of diabetes, symptom of red eye, and baseline vision of light perception only. Conclusions: Assuming the results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study were used as a guide for the treatment of endophthalmitis, the estimated annual nationwide reduction of hospital charges would be between $7.6 million and $40.0 million.
Published: 1997
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8. The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Mark W. Johnson, Bernard H. Doft, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Michael Barza, Louis A. Wilson, Charles C. Barr, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Andrew K. Vine, Barbara A. Blodi, Susan G. Elner, Laurie M. Jessup, Sharad Khanderia, Carl L. Pierson, Julie Willis, Frances McIver, Sally Stanley, Scott R. Sneed, Antonio Capone, Thomas M. Aaberg, Jennifer I. Lim, Paul Sternberg, Diana S. Coffman, Cameile N. Moore, Susanne K. Gardner, Frederick S. Nolte, Ann Fremstad, Deborah Gibbs, James Gilman, Ray Swords, H.Edith Aguilar, Travis A. Meredith, Vinod Lakhanpal, Faith D. Christian, A. Hood, Richard S. Schwalbe, Emery E. Billings, William Buie, James J. Mallonee, Mary Ann Millar, Sharon Verbeek, Peter A. Campochiaro, Carol B. Palardy, Lois Reynolds, James D. Dick, Dennis Cain, Donald J. D'Amico, Albert R. Frederick, Michael G. Morley, Richard D. Pesavento, Carmen A. Puliafito, Trexler M. Topping, Susan M. Finn, Laura A. Raymond, Ann Sullivan Baker, Barbara Paton, Claudia Evans, Jeffrey Napoli, Christine Kierman, Kathryn Makris, Tom McInnes, Wini T. Reidy, Ruth White, Richard A. Garfinkel, A.Raymond Pilkerton, Robert A. Frantz, Gill B. Abernathy, Jay G. Barbaccia, H.Russell Ensey, Carol A. Ormes, Choong H. Park, Joel Caplan, Kathryn Russell, Robert Toma, Kirk H. Packo, Serge de Bustros, Timothy P. Flood, Louis Glazer, Maggie DeAlba, Evangeline Evanich, Michael A. Montwill, Jeri J. Rothman, Gail Ruderman, Melodie Beard, William Landau, Min H. Shen, Martha Gordon, Sharon Graff, Kathy Kwiatkowski, Loreen Pappas, Douglas Bryant, Don Doherty, Frank Morini, Linda Arredondo, Bruce R. Garretson, Carlos Gerena, Maureen Hunt, Sharon M. Kinnaird, Toni Neri, Thomas A. Rice, Michael A. Novak, Pamela S. Rowe, Scott Jamieson, Deborah Newberry, Glenn R. Rech, Michael J. Dul, Livia Kinser, Krystyna Strozewski, Susan Clark-Rath, Marty DeLisio, David L. Dempsey, Donna Kukula, Anne Pinter-Smith, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Tracey Ludwig, Robert B. Chambers, Frederick H. Davidorf, Cindy S. Taylor, Karen N. Hale, William J. Buesching, Chhanda Chaudhuri, Nanci J. Cover, Gail R. Shortlidge, Michael J. Keating, Scott J. Savage, Paula Andrzejewska, Susan Cometet, Jill D. Milliron, Rob Richmond, Lori Schneider, Debra Weisenberger, Herbert L. Cantrill, Robert C. Ramsay, Amy B. Brallier, Timothy P. Johnson, Edith E. Rossing, Kathleen A. Knauth, Martha M. Monahan, Neal W. Oestreich, Kenneth F. Clark, Anita M. Glennen, David L. Yarian, Stuart N. Green, Steven R. Leff, Leo Masciulli, Margaret M. Lucido, Edward J. Ludwig, Charlotte L. Marano, Linda Peters, Kim Joho, Doris C. Volkert, Finn Andersen, Donna Coffey, Alex Schlosser, Ann Honeywell, Robert N. Mames, William T. Driebe, George A. Stern, Amye Francis, Z.Suzanne Zam, Rhonda Cooper, Darla Gaskins, Diana J. Shamis, Melinda Willingham, Kay Barker, Harry Rosa, Scott M. Friedman, Thomas W. Gardner, George W. Blankenship, Carole J. Coyle, Christopher J. Bero, Cindy Halas, Suzanne Schick, Jean Walker, Denise Cunningham, H.Michael Lambert, Pamela S. Clogston, Pamela M. Frady, S.Neal Gardner, Michael S. Osato, Louise Carr, James Shigley, Pedro F. Lopez, Lawrence P. Chong, Donald A. Frambach, Lupe CisnerosMargaret^Padilla, Edmond Ming Yee, Tamako Nakamura, A.Frances Walonker, Ronald Morales, Tracy Nichols, Maria E. Huete, Peter E. Liggett, Richard R. Ober, Beth Quillen-Thomas, Mark Williams, Steven M. Bloom, Pamela J. Greene, Greg K. Whittington, Mark E. Martin, Glen Watson, Betty Jenkins-Curry, Leigh A. Gilkey, Steven Huelsman, Dennis P. Han, Thomas C. Burton, William F. Mieler, Jose S. Pulido, Frederick H. Reeser, Janet L. Newman, Kathy A. Werner, Paul J. Pisarzewicz, Nina A. Reinerio, Mary Lee K. Walloch, Zuzana Wilmer, Jan Laabs, Ruth Picchiottino, Jim Phillips, Walter Wipplinger, Gary W. Abrams, Dale T. Jurkiewicz, Margaret L. Leet, Paul Mandel, Kim Metzger, Lori Suchla, Denise Zarling, Mark W. Balles, Edwin H. Ryan, William H. Knobloch, Sally M. Cook, Darlette G. Luke, Patricia Ferrieri, Norynne M. Schiminsky, Anne Genia, David A. Philiph, Elizabeth K. Stinson, Linda M. Wright, William C. McMichael, Sandy J. Mielke, Lisa J. Ponwith, Peter Reed Pavan, Scott E. Pautler, Marion L. Coats, Nancy M. Kirk, Sharon M. Millard, Frank C. Castellano, Charlotte R. Edwards, Angela Marquardt, Amy J. McCormack, Michael T. McCormick, Bernard Renshaw, Angela Restuccia, Monica Campbell, Nell Christopher, L.Scott Garrett, Demetrios G. Halkias, Kim Hothersall, Karen Mickler, Thomas S. Minnick, Cheryl Burr, Wyatt Saxon, Miguel A. Arcacha, Steve Carlton, Sonya K. Edison, Marc J. Mallis, Tamre L. Sayers, Thomas W. Sudds, Robert J. Tiberia, Sherry Wolabaugh, Reagan H. Bradford, David W. Parke, Thomas C. Wolf, Janie M. Shofner, Lee E. Tobey, Harold G. Jensen, Dinah Sanchez, Janie Shofner, Russell Burris, Kellie K. Drake, Kay R. Grissom, J.James Rowsey, Charles P. Wilkinson, Gary C. Brown, William E. Benson, Jay L. Federman, Alfred C. Lucier, Joseph I. Maguire, Lov K. Sarin, Eric P. Shakin, Arunan Sivalingam, William Tasman, James F. Vander, Nancy Ward, Clement A. Weisbecker, Caroline L. Agnew, Richard Lambert, Terrance Torner, Kathy Carlson, Gerrie Franchine, Michelle S. Serfass, Robert L. Bergren, Louis A. Lobes, Karl R. Olsen, Jeffrey S. Rinkoff, Donna J. Metz, Margaret N. Leonard, Lisa M. Karenchak, Regis P. Kowalski, Lynn A. Wellman, Linda A. Wilcox, Alan F. Campbell, David R. Steinberg, Gary L. Vagstad, Kimberly A. Flook, Mary M. Good, Beverly J. Keenen, Kim A. Mellinger, Raymond R. Margherio, Morton S. Cox, Patrick L. Murphy, Michael T. Trese, Jane C. Werner, George A. Williams, Patricia E. Manatrey, Janet L. Prote, Richard Lucarotti, Susan Martin, Jeff Band, Grace Bostic, Kristi Gumming, Beth Mitchell, Virginia S. Regan, Craig Bridges, Sam Cox, Gary Houston, John Johnson, Pat Streasik, Betty Wood, Mark S. Blumenkranz, Lisa Cayo, Virginia Kaye, Carmen Luz Valenzuela, Ira K. Orgel, Lon S. Poliner, Paul E. Tornambe, Sarah V. Cannon, Janet L. Nielsen, Anne Carlson, Pauline Chan, Lynne Drake, Martha Grim, Corky Peterson, Lynn A. Borg, Joann Gillyatt, Conny Beyer, Mark E. Hammer, W.Sanderson Grizzard, Theresa L. Shannon, Janet R. Traynom, Melinda J. Collado, Dennis W. McManus, Daniel E. Sweeney, Donald H. Adams, Thomas T. Watson, Michael V. Antworth, Johanna Glacy Araos, Mark A. Greenwald, Mohsen Habib, Sandra K. Myers, Karen M. Ockers, Judy-Ann Thibodeau, Brett Watkins, Philip T. Nelsen, J.Gregory Rosenthal, Fay V. Mintz, Michael Biedenbach, Nicholas J. Leonardy, Sue M. Lawniczak, Chuck Bork, George Hageage, Evelyn B. Hunter, MarLynn J. Marshall, Patricia Roman, Rick Hill, Thomas Hofbauer, Jack Lemanowicz, Howard P. Cupples, Gladys I. Guzman, Richard J. Brodeur, Donald Yee, Edward C. Delaha, Stanley L. Geyer, Stacey Slovis, William J. Shields, Susan Lauber, Karl Michelitsch, Aaron Kassoff, Sharon Watling, JoAnne C. Buehler, Jeffrey McVay, Gale K. Podobinski, Robert L. Sillett, Shirley Groer, Brian Avery, Steven H. Belle, James Boles, Linda Henry, Sarah J. Shema, Linda Titus-Emstoff, Matthew Davis, Yvonne L. Magli, Larry Hubbard, Suzanne Thomas, Donald F. Everett, Richard Mowery, Donald Everett, Kathryn Davis, Stanley Azen, Preston Covey, Brooks McCuen, Andrew Packer, and Jeffrey Robin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Vitrectomy, Intraocular lens, Eye infection, medicine.disease, Surgery, law.invention, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Complication, business
Abstract: Purpose: The authors determine if specific features of the clinical presentation of acute postoperative endophthalmitis correlate with the microbiologic culture results. Methods: A total of 420 patients who had clinical evidence of endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after cataract surgery or secondary intraocular lens implantation were evaluated as part of a randomized clinical trial. Results of cultures performed on aqueous and vitreous specimens obtained at presentation were categorized as follows: gram-positive coagulase-negative micrococci, "other" gram-positive, gram-negative, and equivocal/no growth. Results: Eleven features of the initial clinical presentation were associated with significant differences in the microbiologic spectrum ( P Conclusions: The presenting characteristics of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery may be helpful in predicting the most likely culture results. Such predictions do not appear sufficiently strong to guide the initial empiric choice of intravitreal antibiotics.
Published: 1997
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9. Optimal management of postoperative endophthalmitis and results of the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study

Author: Bernard H. Doft and Michael Barza
Subjects: Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Cataract Extraction, Postoperative endophthalmitis, law.invention, Disability Evaluation, Postoperative Complications, Endophthalmitis, Pharmacotherapy, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Drug Administration Routes, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Drug Therapy, Combination, Steroids, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study was a multicenter randomized clinical trial. A total of 420 patients who had developed acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery were randomly assigned to undergo vitrectomy or tap and biopsy and to receive either systemic antibiotics (ceftazidime and amikacin) or no systemic antibiotics. At 9 months patients were assessed for final visual acuity and media clarity. There was no difference in final visual acuity or media clarity whether or not systemic antibiotics were used. Patients who presented with hand motion acuity or better did not show a benefit from immediate vitrectomy. However, patients who presented with light-perception-only visual acuity had substantial benefit over immediate vitrectomy, with a threefold (33% vs 11%) increased frequency of achieving 20/40 vision or better, double the frequency of achieving 20/100, and a decrease by half in the frequency of severe visual loss to less than 5/200. These differences were statistically significant.
Published: 1996
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10. Augmentation Laser for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy that Fails to Respond to Initial Panretinal Photocoagulation

Author: Sheryl F. Kelsey, Donna J. Metz, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Adult, Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Adolescent, Eye disease, Vision Disorders, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Ophthalmology, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk factor, Aged, Diabetic Retinopathy, Laser Coagulation, business.industry, Diabetic retinopathy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Vitreous Hemorrhage, Surgery, Female, medicine.symptom, Complication, business, Retinopathy
Abstract: Purpose: A study was performed to determine if diabetic subjects who fail to respond to initial panretinal photocoagulation with regression of retinopathy risk factors do better with supplemental panretinal photocoagulation. Methods: Thirty-five patients with 3 or more retinopathy risk factors who failed to respond to panretinal photocoagulation with regression to less than 3 retinopathy risk factors by 3 weeks after initial panretinal photocoagulation were prospectively randomized to augmentation laser panretinal photocoagulation (MORE) or to no additional treatment (NOMORE). Results: Six months after initial treatment, the MORE group (n =16) had regressed a mean of −0.94 retinopathy risk factors (with 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.60 to −0.26), compared with −0.21 retinopathy risk factors (95% CI −0.69 to 0.27) in the NOMORE (n = 19) group ( P = 0.055). However, by 1 year, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of regression of retinopathy risk factors with a mean decrease of −1.12 (95% CI −2.0 to −0.24) versus −1.05 retinopathy risk factors (95% CI −1.80 to −0.28) in the 2 groups, respectively. Similarly, for visual acuity, there was no difference in outcome. For all study patients, the persistence of three or more retinopathy risk factors was associated with a poorer visual result than if there was regression to less than three retinopathy risk factors. Conclusion: This study shows that although augmentation panretinal photocoagulation achieved faster regression of retinopathy risk factors, by 1 year, there was no difference in either mean regression of retinopathy risk factors or visual acuity between eyes treated or not treated with augmentation panretinal photocoagulation. In addition, the study shows that the persistence of 3 or more retinopathy risk factors 1 year after treatment was associated with a poorer visual result. Because sample size limited the power of the study to find small differences between groups, and because in proliferative diabetic retinopathy small differences could be important clinically, the authors do not recommend changes in current clinical practice.
Published: 1992
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11. Incidence and Early Course of Retlnonathy of Prematurity

Author: Earl A. Palmer, John T. Flynn, Robert J. Hardy, Dale L. Phelps, Cynthia L. Phillips, David B. Schaffer, Betty Tung, Frederick J. Elsas, Jan M. Botsford, Karen W. Braune, George Cassady, John A. Jones, James A. Kimble, Lanning Kline, Douglas Witherspoon, Malinda Young, Alan M. Roth, Byron H. Demorest, Roberta Erickson, William S. Gilbert, Georgia A. Chrousos, David S. Friendly, Mohammad Jaafar, Marshall P. Keys, Martin P. Kolsky, Patricia Ann Mercer, Donna O'Neill, John F. O'Neill, Edward S. Parelhoff, Ed Perraut, A. Raymond Pilkerton, David Plotsky, John Clarkson, Gabrielle Lopez, Marilyn T. Miller, Rama Bhat, Steven B. Cohen, Cathleen Cronin, Mark Daily, Donald A. Gagliano, Richard Gieser, Betty Anne Haldi, Kristine McCulloch, David Mittelman, Tonse N. Raju, David Sheftel, Kathleen Skuran, Daniel B. Sobel, Peggy Squires, Charles Vygantas, Forrest D. Ellis, Steve Archer, Eugene M. Helveston, Ken Julian, Gayle Reed, Richard Schreiner, Charles C. Barr, David N. Adamkin, Craig H. Douglas, Gregory K. Whittington, Shirley Wilkerson, Robert A. Gordon, Carolyn Bushaw, W. Michael DeVoe, James G. Diamond, William L. Gill, Donald R. May, Jane E. Reynolds, Thomas G. Storch, Serge de Bustros, Alethia Alford, Janet Graeber, Michael X. Repka, Michael T. Trese, John D. Baker, Ghaleb F. Hatem, Patricia Manatrey, Doreen Medalis, Robert C. Ramsay, C. Gail Summers, J. Douglas Cameron, Kim Chisholm, Rebecca Heikenen, Donna K. Irlbeck, Alvina M. Janda, Leslie A. Kopietz, Robin Kriedeman, Jane D. Lavoie, Molly Maxwell, Ted R. Pier, William P. Rodman, Patty Witt, Amy Woody, Paul Torrisi, Thaddeus Zak, Kathy Cohen, Rajesh J. Dave, Ernest Guillet, David Hakanson, Robert Hampton, Walter Merriam, Henry S. Metz, Ellen Pronobis, Richard Simon, Robert E. Vanderlinde, Nancy E. Wood, Donald N. Zehl, Edward Buckley, Malcolm M. Anderson, Grace Valentine, Susie Wong, Miles J. Burke, Judith C. Johnson, Gary L. Rogers, Don L. Bremer, Leandro Cordero, Rae R. Fellows, Nancy B. Hansen, Richard E. McClead, Arthur A. Aaby, Raul Banagale, Gerda I. Benda, Nancy D. Binder, William J. Brown, Joseph T. Gilhooly, Shawn Goodman, Robert K. Huston, Susan B. LaFrance, Patrick K. Lewallen, John V. McDonald, David L. Murphy, John W. Reynolds, Joseph Robertson, Andrea C. Tongue, Frank W. Bowen, Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos, Hemant J. Desai, Gary R. Diamond, Joan M. Giannetta, Michael A. Naidoff, George J. Peckham, Jeanette R. Pleasure, Rachael Porat, Graham E. Quinn, Albert W. Biglan, David R. Brown, Bernard H. Doft, Andrew W. Eller, Louis A. Lobes, Richard A. Saunders, Linda M. Christmann, Tom L. Austin, Lesley Berkeley, James G. Ferguson, Wilson G. McWilliams, Karen W. Miller, Sharada Pai, V. Al Pakalnis, Dilip M. Purohit, Stephen S. Feman, Robert Cotton, James H. Elliott, Amy B. Law, Steven D. Steele, Rand Spencer, Priscilla M. Berry, Gary E. Fish, Dwain G. Fuller, William L. Hutton, Joel Lefer, Jean R. Manning, George E. Sanborn, William B. Snyder, David R. Stager, W.A.J. van Heuven, Marilyn B. Escobedo, Maria G. Montez, James W. Speights, Jane D. Kivlin, Susan Bracken, John Carver, Jack Dolcourt, Robert O. Hoffman, Michael Teske, and A. Thomas Williams
Subjects: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Birth weight, Incidence (epidemiology), Gestational age, Retinopathy of prematurity, Cryotherapy, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, Postnatal age, Multicenter trial, Medicine, business, Retinopathy
Abstract: In the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), 4099 infants weighing less than 1251 g at birth underwent sequential ophthalmic examinations, beginning at age 4 to 6 weeks, to monitor the incidence and course of ROP. Overall, 65.8% of the infants developed ROP to some degree; 81.6% for infants of less than 1000 g birth weight. As expected, ROP incidence and severity were higher in lower birth weight and gestational age categories. Black infants appeared less susceptible to ROP, of all severity categories, than nonblack infants. The timing of retinal vascular events correlated more closely with postconceptional age than with postnatal age, implicating the level of maturity more than postnatal environmental influences in governing the timing of these vascular events. These results include the current incidence of various severity stages of ROP found in the United States and provide new. insight into the development of ROP.
Published: 1991
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12. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

Author: Timothy W. Olsen, S. Hitt, Thomas J. Songer, Alan M. Jacobson, A. Burwood, R. Beaser, M. Szpiech, H. Martinez, Gayle M. Lorenzi, Anthony D. Morrison, C. Hannon, A. Farr, M. Hebdon, R. Colligan, T. Manolio, C. Wilson, Kathie L. Hermayer, John I. Malone, B. Burzuk, Kathy Glander, N. Silvers, B. Jones, A. Galpirn, M. Reid, David E. Goldstein, L. Sun, J. Giangiacom, P. Lou, Dean P. Hainsworth, Shalamar D. Sibley, Ronald J. Prineas, Louis A. Lobes, H. Wolpert, Mark E. Molitch, J. Sheindlin, Senda Ajroud-Driss, L. Dews, Kate Edwards, John M. Pach, Wanjie Sun, E. Cupelli, K. Stoessel, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, K. Harvey, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, Inger Burnett-Zeigler, Andrew M. Paterson, Henry Ferreyra, Manjot K. Gill, Barbara H. Waberski, B. Rogness, Fred W. Whitehouse, R. Ufret, Gordon C. Weir, Daniel H. O'Leary, S. Thomas, Barbara E. K. Klein, G. Ziegler, C. Wigley, L. Kastorff, C. Siebert, M. Palmert, C. Clark, J. Brown-Friday, S. Braunstein, Martin J. Stevens, M. Nutaitis, S. Catton, Samir S. Deeb, William V. Tamborlane, J. Alappatt, Robert Bergren, R. Eastman, Samuel S. Engel, K. Gehres, John M. Lachin, Davida F. Kruger, Jill P. Crandall, P. Geithman, Blanche M. Chavers, Stephen S. Feman, Mary E. Larkin, Thomas C. Lee, Catherine L. Martin, J. Parker, C. West, A. Gordon, Hugh D. Wabers, Sharon B. Schwartz, B. Zinman, M. Espeland, Neil H. White, M. N. Iyer, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, C. Canny, Robert Detrano, S. MacLean, Alice T. Lyon, M. E. Lackaye, Oscar B. Crofford, David A. Lee, M. Brent, Mark S. Mandelcorn, D. Badal, Lucy A. Levandoski, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, John E. Godine, M. Hawkins, R. Gstalder, L. Survant, Charles Campbell, Matthew D. Davis, Anupam Agarwal, Lawrence J. Singerman, Brandy N. Rutledge, Anita Harrington, M. Novak, David A. Nicolle, P. Gaston, Isaac Boniuk, William H. Herman, S. Park, D. Counts, J. Quin, Nancy L. Robinson, Enrico Cagliero, T. Adkins, T. Woodfill, Scott M. Steidl, John Dupre, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, D. Sandstrom, K. Miner, L. Mayer, S. Schussler, N. Grove, N. Wong, A. Iannacone, D. Wood, Lisa Diminick, D. Meyer, Barbara Esser, T. Thompson, David M. Nathan, A. Edwards, Lee M. Jampol, David S. Schade, M. Croswell, Joseph F. Polak, M. Spencer, Helen Lambeth, Paul G. Arrigg, Janie Lipps, H. Zegarra, Rodney A. Lorenz, Ayad A. Jaffa, James W. Albers, P. Astlesford, Thomas A. Weingeist, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Alicia J. Jenkins, Ronald K. Mayfield, M. May, A. Kowarski, Michael W. Steffes, W. T. Garvey, Saul Genuth, D. Zheng, Andrew P. Boright, J. Ginsberg, M. L. Bernal, Daniel L. McGee, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, P. Low, J. Rosenzweig, L. Funk, Larry D. Hubbard, Orville G. Kolterman, D. Blackburn, E. Steuer, D. Rosenberg, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Moser, John E. Hokanson, Julio V. Santiago, Daniel T. Lackland, James L. Kinyoun, Kevin J. Blinder, K. Taylor, D. Hornbeck, C. O'Donnell, Bernard H. Doft, Susan G. Elner, Dean B. Burgess, D. Kenny, Jeffrey M. Joyce, John D. Brunzell, O. Hamdy, Jerry P. Palmer, Jonathan Q. Purnell, R. Zeither, Douglas A. Greene, E. A. Tanaka, Yu-Guang He, Ramzi K. Hemady, Arup Das, Michael Bryer-Ash, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, M. Stern, C. Williams, Andrew K. Vine, M. McLellan, Ronald Klein, Annette Barnie, Michael H. Goldbaum, E. Angus, S. Scherer, R. D'Agostino, Philip Raskin, Santica M. Marcovina, B. Schaefer, A. F. Burrows, K. Morgan, David J. Brillon, H. Ricks, S. Strowig, R. Oudiz, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, B. Gloeb, M. Johnson, Stephen R. Russell, D. J. Becker, Richard S. Crow, J. L. Canady, David G. Miller, O. Stone, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, S. Johnsonbaugh, Edward Chaum, L. Kaminski, M. Fox, J. Kramer, M. Bracey, H. Engel, Peter R. Pavan, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, C. Sommer, Daniel P. Joseph, M. Geckle, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, M. Brabham, J. Fradkin, K. Lee, Jean M. Bucksa, E. Golden, Thomas Donner, Edwin M. Stone, Shelley B. Bull, William I. Sivitz, J. Selby, Pamela Rath, Murk-Hein Heinemann, L. Kim, T. Williams, D. Noller, D. Singer, J. Long, G. Grand, R. Devenyi, J. M. Schluter, B. Petty, Margaret L. Bayless, Alexander J. Brucker, S. Fritz, C. Cowie, Om P. Ganda, F. Thoma, K. Klumpp, Z. Strugula, Timothy J. Lyons, Patricia A. Cleary, A. Blevins, H. Shamoon, J. Soule, John A. Colwell, M. Phillips, Gaurav K. Shah, C. Hurtenbach, S. Rogers, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, R. Trail, H. Culver Boldt, J. Bayless, Jonathan Shankle, David M. Kendall, Matthew A. Thomas, P. G. Sharuk, P. Lindsey, Ronald P. Danis, Christopher M. Ryan, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, Gabriel Virella, Abbas E. Kitabchi, D. Moore, S. Pendegras, Trevor J. Orchard, K. Nickander, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, J. Harth, Michael W. Neider, and Shelly Olson
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Adolescent, Article, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Risk factor, Infusion Pumps, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Fundus photography, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Disease Progression, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Retinopathy, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the persistence of the original treatment effects 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. In the DCCT, intensive therapy aimed at near-normal glycemia reduced the risk of microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with conventional therapy. METHODS Retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography in 1211 subjects at EDIC year 10. Further 3-step progression on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale from DCCT closeout was the primary outcome. RESULTS After 10 years of EDIC follow-up, there was no significant difference in mean glycated hemoglobin levels (8.07% vs 7.98%) between the original treatment groups. Nevertheless, compared with the former conventional treatment group, the former intensive group had significantly lower incidences from DCCT close of further retinopathy progression and proliferative retinopathy or worse (hazard reductions, 53%-56%; P < .001). The risk (hazard) reductions at 10 years of EDIC were attenuated compared with the 70% to 71% over the first 4 years of EDIC (P < .001). The persistent beneficial effects of former intensive therapy were largely explained by the difference in glycated hemoglobin levels during DCCT. CONCLUSION The persistent difference in diabetic retinopathy between former intensive and conventional therapy ("metabolic memory") continues for at least 10 years but may be waning. TRIAL REGISTRATION (clinicaltrials.gov) Identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.
Published: 2008

13. Treatment of postcataract extraction endophthalmitis: a summary of the results from the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Cataract Extraction, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Endophthalmitis, Postoperative Complications, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, Vancomycin, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Amikacin, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Retrospective Studies, Bacteria, business.industry, Extraction (chemistry), medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Vitreous Body, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business
Published: 2008

14. Outcomes of Eyes with Lesions Composed of >50% Blood in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT)

Author: Michael M. Altaweel, Ebenezer Daniel, Daniel F. Martin, Robert A. Mittra, Juan E. Grunwald, Michael M. Lai, Alexander Melamud, Lawrence S. Morse, Jiayan Huang, Frederick L. Ferris, Stuart L. Fine, Maureen G. Maguire, David F. Williams, Sara Beardsley, Steven Bennett, Herbert Cantrill, Carmen Chan- Tram, Holly Cheshier, Kathyrn Damato, John Davies, Sundeep Dev, Julianne Enloe, Gennaro Follano, Peggy Gilbert, Jill Johnson, Tori Jones, Lisa Mayleben, Robert Mittra, Martha Moos, Ryan Neist, Neal Oestreich, Polly Quiram, Robert Ramsay, Edwin Ryan, Stephanie Schindeldecker, John Snater, Trenise Steele, Dwight Selders, Jessica Tonsfeldt, Shelly Valardi, Gary Edd Fish, Hank A. Aguado, Sally Arceneaux, Jean Arnwine, Kim Bell, Tina Bell, Bob Boleman, Patricia Bradley, David Callanan, Lori Coors, Jodi Creighton, Timothy Crew, Kimberly Cummings, Christopher Dock, Karen Duignan, Dwain Fuller, Keith Gray, Betsy Hendrix, Nicholas Hesse, Diana Jaramillo, Bradley Jost, Sandy Lash, Laura Lonsdale, Michael Mackens, Karin Mutz, Michael Potts, Brenda Sanchez, William Snyder, Wayne Solley, Carrie Tarter, Robert Wang, Patrick Williams, Stephen L. Perkins, Nicholas Anderson, Ann Arnold, Paul Blais, Joseph Googe, Tina T. Higdon, Cecile Hunt, Mary Johnson, James Miller, Misty Moore, Charity K. Morris, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Kristina Oliver, Vicky Seitz, Jerry Whetstone, Bernard H. Doft, Jay Bedel, Robert Bergren, Ann Borthwick, Paul Conrad, Amanda Fec, Christina Fulwylie, Willia Ingram, Shawnique Latham, Gina Lester, Judy Liu, Louis Lobes, Nicole M. Lucko, Holly Mechling, Lori Merlotti, Keith McBroom, Karl Olsen, Danielle Puskas, Pamela Rath, Maria Schmucker, Lynn Schueckler, Christina Schultz, Heather Shultz, David Steinberg, Avni Vyas, Kim Whale, Kimberly Yeckel, David H. Orth, Linda S. Arredondo, Susan Brown, Barbara J. Ciscato, Joseph M. Civantos, Celeste Figliulo, Sohail Hasan, Belinda Kosinski, Dan Muir, Kiersten Nelson, Kirk Packo, John S. Pollack, Kourous Rezaei, Gina Shelton, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Marian Walsh, H. Richard McDonald, Nina Ansari, Amanda Bye, Arthur D. Fu, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Robert N. Johnson, J. Michael Jumper, Silvia Linares, Brandon J. Lujan, Ames Munden, Meredith Persons, Rosa Rodriguez, Jennifer M. Rose, Brandi Teske, Yesmin Urias, Stephen Young, Richard F. Dreyer, Howard Daniel, Michele Connaughton, Irvin Handelman, Stephen Hobbs, Christine Hoerner, Dawn Hudson, Marcia Kopfer, Michael Lee, Craig Lemley, Joe Logan, Colin Ma, Christophe Mallet, Amanda Milliron, Mark Peters, Harry Wohlsein, Joel A. Pearlman, Margo Andrews, Melissa Bartlett, Nanette Carlson, Emily Cox, Robert Equi, Marta Gonzalez, Sophia Griffin, Fran Hogue, Lance Kennedy, Lana Kryuchkov, Carmen Lopez, Danny Lopez, Bertha Luevano, Erin McKenna, Arun Patel, Brian Reed, Nyla Secor, Iris R. Sison, Tony Tsai, Nina Varghis, Brooke Waller, Robert Wendel, Reina Yebra, Daniel B. Roth, Jane Deinzer, Howard Fine, Flory Green, Stuart Green, Bruce Keyser, Steven Leff, Amy Leviton, Amy Martir, Kristin Mosenthine, Starr Muscle, Linda Okoren, Sandy Parker, Jonathan Prenner, Nancy Price, Deana Rogers, Linda Rosas, Alex Schlosser, Loretta Studenko, Thea Tantum, Harold Wheatley, Michael T. Trese, Thomas Aaberg, Denis Bezaire, Craig Bridges, Doug Bryant, Antonio Capone, Michelle Coleman, Christina Consolo, Cindy Cook, Candice DuLong, Bruce Garretson, Tracy Grooten, Julie Hammersley, Tarek Hassan, Heather Jessick, Nanette Jones, Crystal Kinsman, Jennifer Krumlauf, Sandy Lewis, Heather Locke, Alan Margherio, Debra Markus, Tanya Marsh, Serena Neal, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Clarence Pence, Lisa Preston, Paul Raphaelian, Virginia R. Regan, Peter Roberts, Alan Ruby, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Marissa Scherf, Sarita Scott, Scott Sneed, Lisa Staples, Brad Terry, Matthew T. Trese, Joan Videtich, George Williams, Mary Zajechowski, Daniel P. Joseph, Kevin Blinder, Lynda Boyd, Sarah Buckley, Meaghan Crow, Amanda Dinatale, Nicholas Engelbrecht, Bridget Forke, Dana Gabel, Gilbert Grand, Jennifer Grillion-Cerone, Nancy Holekamp, Charlotte Kelly, Ginny Nobel, Kelly Pepple, Matt Raeber, P. Kumar Rao, Tammy Ressel, Steven Schremp, Merrilee Sgorlon, Shantia Shears, Matthew Thomas, Cathy Timma, Annette Vaughn, Carolyn Walters, Rhonda Weeks, Jarrod Wehmeier, Tim Wright, Daniel M. Berinstein, Aida Ayyad, Mohammed K. Barazi, Erica Bickhart, Tracey Brady, Lisa Byank, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Courtney Dunn, Michael Flory, Robert Frantz, Richard A. Garfinkel, William Gilbert, Janine Newgen, Shamekia Newton, Debbie Oliver, Michael Osman, Reginald Sanders, Manfred von Fricken, Pravin Dugel, Sandra Arenas, Gabe Balea, Dayna Bartoli, John Bucci, Jennifer A. Cornelius, Scheleen Dickens, Don Doherty, Heather Dunlap, David Goldenberg, Karim Jamal, Norma Jimenez, Nicole Kavanagh, Derek Kunimoto, John Martin, Jessica Miner, Sarah Mobley, Donald Park, Edward Quinlan, Jack Sipperley, Carol Slagle, Danielle Smith, Miguelina Yafchak, Rohana Yager, Christina J. Flaxel, Steven Bailey, Peter Francis, Chris Howell, Thomas Hwang, Shirley Ira, Michael Klein, Andreas Lauer, Teresa Liesegang, Ann Lundquist, Sarah Nolte, Susan K. Nolte, Scott Pickell, Susan Pope, Joseph Rossi, Mitchell Schain, Peter Steinkamp, Maureen D. Toomey, Debora Vahrenwald, Kelly West, Baker Hubbard, Stacey Andelman, Chris Bergstrom, Judy Brower, Blaine Cribbs, Linda Curtis, Jannah Dobbs, Lindreth DuBois, Jessica Gaultney, Deborah Gibbs, Debora Jordan, Donna Leef, Robert Myles, Timothy Olsen, Bryan Schwent, Sunil Srivastava, Rhonda Waldron, Andrew N. Antoszyk, Uma Balasubramaniam, Danielle Brooks, Justin Brown, David Browning, Loraine Clark, Sarah Ennis, Susannah Held, Jennifer V. Helms, Jenna Herby, Angie Karow, Pearl Leotaud, Caterina Massimino, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Jennifer Mindel, Candace Pereira, Rachel Pierce, Michele Powers, Angela Price, Jason Rohrer, Jason Sanders, Robert L. Avery, Kelly Avery, Jessica Basefsky, Liz Beckner, Alessandro Castellarin, Stephen Couvillion, Jack Giust, Matthew Giust, Maan Nasir, Dante Pieramici, Melvin Rabena, Sarah Risard, Robert See, Jerry Smith, Lisha Wan, Sophie J. Bakri, Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi, Andrew Barkmeier, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Albert Edwards, Shannon Goddard, Shannon Howard, Raymond Iezzi, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Colin A. McCannel, Joan Overend, John Pach, Margaret Ruszczyk, Ryan Shultz, Cindy Stephan, Diane Vogen, Reagan H. Bradford, Vanessa Bergman, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Beth Daniels, Connie Dwiggins, Stephen Fransen, Tiffany Guerrero, Darin Haivala, Amy Harris, Sonny Icks, Ronald Kingsley, Lena Redden, Rob Richmond, Brittany Ross, Kammerin White, Misty Youngberg, Trexler M. Topping, Steve Bennett, Sandy Chong, Mary Ciotti, Tina Cleary, Emily Corey, Dennis Donovan, Albert Frederick, Lesley Freese, Margaret Graham, Natalya Gud, Taneika Howard, Mike Jones, Michael Morley, Katie Moses, Jen Stone, Robin Ty, Torsten Wiegand, Lindsey Williams, Beth Winder, Carl C. Awh, Michelle Amonette, Everton Arrindell, Dena Beck, Brandon Busbee, Amy Dilback, Sara Downs, Allison Guidry, Gary Gutow, Jackey Hardin, Sarah Hines, Emily Hutchins, Kim LaCivita, Ashley Lester, Larry Malott, MaryAnn McCain, Jayme Miracle, Kenneth Moffat, Lacy Palazzotta, Kelly Robinson, Peter Sonkin, Alecia Travis, Roy Trent Wallace, Kelly J. Winters, Julia Wray, April E. Harris, Mari Bunnell, Katrina Crooks, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Cameron Javid, Corin Kew, Erica Kill, Patricia Kline, Janet Kreienkamp, Maricruz Martinez, Roy Ann Moore, Egbert Saavedra, LuAnne Taylor, Mark Walsh, Larry Wilson, Thomas A. Ciulla, Ellen Coyle, Tonya Harrington, Charlotte Harris, Cindi Hood, Ingrid Kerr, Raj Maturi, Dawn Moore, Stephanie Morrow, Jennifer Savage, Bethany Sink, Tom Steele, Neelam Thukral, Janet Wilburn, Joseph P. Walker, Jennifer Banks, Debbie Ciampaglia, Danielle Dyshanowitz, Jennifer Frederick, A. Tom Ghuman, Richard Grodin, Cheryl Kiesel, Eileen Knips, Jonathan McCue, Maria Ortiz, Crystal Peters, Paul Raskauskas, Etienne Schoeman, Ashish Sharma, Glenn Wing, Rebecca Youngblood, Suresh R. Chandra, Michael Altaweel, Barbara Blodi, Kathryn Burke, Kristine A. Dietzman, Justin Gottlieb, Gene Knutson, Denise Krolnik, T. Michael Nork, Shelly Olson, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Thomas Stevens, Angela Wealti, Srilaxmi Bearelly, Brenda Branchaud, Joyce W. Bryant, Sara Crowell, Sharon Fekrat, Merritt Gammage, Cheala Harrison, Sarah Jones, Noreen McClain, Brooks McCuen, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Jeanne Queen, Neeru Sarin, Cindy Skalak, Marriner Skelly, Ivan Suner, Ronnie Tomany, Lauren Welch, Susanna S. Park, Allison Cassidy, Karishma Chandra, Idalew Good, Katrina Imson, Sashi Kaur, Helen Metzler, Lawrence Morse, Ellen Redenbo, Marisa Salvador, David Telander, Mark Thomas, Cindy Wallace, Charles C. Barr, Amanda Battcher, Michelle Bottorff, Mary Chasteen, Kelly Clark, Diane Denning, Debra Schoen, Amy Schultz, Evie Tempel, Lisa Wheeler, Greg K. Whittington, Thomas W. Stone, Todd Blevins, Michelle Buck, Lynn Cruz, Wanda Heath, Diana Holcomb, Rick Isernhagen, Terri Kidd, John Kitchens, Cathy Sears, Ed Slade, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Brenda VanHoose, Jenny Wolfe, William Wood, John Zilis, Carol Crooks, Larry Disney, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, Sandra Sall, James C. Folk, Tracy Aly, Abby Brotherton, Douglas Critser, Connie J. Hinz, Stefani Karakas, Valerie Kirschner, Cheyanne Lester, Cindy Montague, Stephen Russell, Heather Stockman, Barbara Taylor, Randy Verdick, Jean Walshire, John T. Thompson, Barbara Connell, Maryanth Constantine, John L. Davis, Gwen Holsapple, Lisa Hunter, C. Nicki Lenane, Robin Mitchell, Leslie Russel, Raymond Sjaarda, David M. Brown, Matthew Benz, Llewellyn Burns, JoLene G. Carranza, Richard Fish, Debra Goates, Shayla Hay, Theresa Jeffers, Eric Kegley, Dallas Kubecka, Stacy McGilvra, Beau Richter, Veronica Sneed, Cary Stoever, Isabell Tellez, Tien Wong, Ivana Kim, Christopher Andreoli, Leslie Barresi, Sarah Brett, Charlene Callahan, Karen Capaccioli, William Carli, Matthew Coppola, Nicholas Emmanuel, Claudia Evans, Anna Fagan, Marcia Grillo, John Head, Troy Kieser, Elaine Lee, Ursula Lord, Edward Miretsky, Kate Palitsch, Todd Petrin, Liz Reader, Svetlana Reznichenko, Mary Robertson, Justin Smith, Demetrios Vavvas, John Wells, Cassie Cahill, W. Lloyd Clark, Kayla Henry, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, LaDetrick Oliver, Robbin Spivey, Tiffany Swinford, Mallie Taylor, Michael Lambert, Kris Chase, Debbie Fredrickson, Joseph Khawly, Valerie Lazarte, Donald Lowd, Pam Miller, Arthur Willis, Philip J. Ferrone, Miguel Almonte, Rachel Arnott, Ingrid Aviles, Sheri Carbon, Michael Chitjian, Kristen D’Amore, Christin Elliott, David Fastenberg, Barry Golub, Kenneth Graham, AnnMarie Lavorna, Laura Murphy, Amanda Palomo, Christina Puglisi, David Rhee, Juan Romero, Brett Rosenblatt, Glenda Salcedo, Marianne Schlameuss, Eric Shakin, Vasanti Sookhai, Richard Kaiser, Elizabeth Affel, Gary Brown, Christina Centinaro, Deborah Fine, Mitchell Fineman, Michele Formoso, Sunir Garg, Lisa Grande, Carolyn Herbert, Allen Ho, Jason Hsu, Maryann Jay, Lisa Lavetsky, Elaine Liebenbaum, Joseph Maguire, Julia Monsonego, Lucia O’Connor, Lisa Pierce, Carl Regillo, Maria Rosario, Marc Spirn, James Vander, Jennifer Walsh, Frederick H. Davidorf, Amanda Barnett, Susie Chang, John Christoforidis, Joy Elliott, Heather Justice, Alan Letson, Kathryne McKinney, Jeri Perry, Jill A. Salerno, Scott Savage, Stephen Shelley, Lawrence J. Singerman, Joseph Coney, John DuBois, Kimberly DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Dianne Himmelman, Mary Ilc, Elizabeth McNamara, Michael Novak, Scott Pendergast, Susan Rath, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Vivian Tanner, Diane E. Weiss, Hernando Zegarra, null Lawrence Halperin, Patricia Aramayo, Mandeep Dhalla, Brian Fernandez, Cindy Fernandez, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Kellie Murphy, Clifford Sherley, Rita Veksler, Firas Rahhal, Razmig Babikian, David Boyer, Sepideh Hami, Jeff Kessinger, Janet Kurokouchi, Saba Mukarram, Sarah Pachman, Eric Protacio, Julio Sierra, Homayoun Tabandeh, Adam Zamboni, Michael Elman, Jennifer Belz, Tammy Butcher, Theresa Cain, Teresa Coffey, Dena Firestone, Nancy Gore, Pamela Singletary, Peter Sotirakos, JoAnn Starr, Travis A. Meredith, Cassandra J. Barnhart, Debra Cantrell, RonaLyn Esquejo-Leon, Odette Houghton, Harpreet Kaur, Fatoumatta N’Dure, Ronald Glatzer, Leonard Joffe, Reid Schindler, Marilyn Katz, Mary Brightwell-Arnold, Ruchira Glaser, Judith Hall, Sandra Harkins, Alexander Khvatov, Kathy McWilliams, Ellen Peskin, Maxwell Pistilli, Susan Ryan, Allison Schnader, Gui-Shuang Ying, Glenn Jaffe, Jennifer Afrani-Sakyi, Brannon Balsley, Linda S. Bennett, Adam Brooks, Adrienne Brower-Lingsch, Lori Bruce, Russell Burns, Dee Busian, John Choong, Lindsey Cloaninger, Francis Char DeCroos, Emily DuBois, Mays El-Dairi, Sarah Gach, Katelyn Hall, Terry Hawks, ChengChenh Huang, Cindy Heydary, Alexander Ho, Shashi Kini, Michelle McCall, Daaimah Muhammad, Jayne Nicholson, Pamela Rieves, Kelly Shields, Adam Specker, Sandra Stinnett, Sujatha Subramaniam, Patrick Tenbrink, Cynthia Toth, Aaron Towe, Kimberly Welch, Natasha Williams, Katrina Winter, Ellen Young, Judith Alexander, Elisabeth Flannagan, E. Revell Martin, Candace Parker, Krista Sepielli, Tom Shannon, Claressa Whearry, Maryann Redford, Marcia R. Kopfer, Joan DuPont, Lawrence M. Friedman, Susan B. Bressler, David L. DeMets, Martin Friedlander, Mark W. Johnson, Anne Lindblad, Douglas W. Losordo, and Franklin G. Miller
Subjects: Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Fundus (eye), Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Article, Cohort Studies, Lesion, Pro re nata, Ranibizumab, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Fluorescein Angiography, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Retinal Hemorrhage, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, Choroidal Neovascularization, eye diseases, Bevacizumab, Treatment Outcome, Choroidal neovascularization, Intravitreal Injections, Wet Macular Degeneration, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: To compare baseline characteristics, treatment frequency, visual acuity (VA), and morphologic outcomes of eyes with50% of the lesion composed of blood (B50 group) versus all other eyes (Other group) enrolled in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT).Prospective cohort study within a multicenter randomized clinical trial.CATT patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Treatment for the study eye was assigned randomly to either ranibizumab or bevacizumab and to 3 different dosing regimens over a 2-year period. Reading center graders evaluated baseline and follow-up morphology in color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Masked examiners tested VA.Morphologic features and VA at 1 and 2 years.The B50 group consisted of 84 of 1185 (7.1%) patients enrolled in CATT. Baseline lesion characteristics differed between groups. In the B50 group, choroidal neovascularization size was smaller (0.73 vs 1.83 disc areas [DA]; P0.001), total lesion size was greater (4.55 vs 2.31 DA; P0.001), total retinal thickness was greater (524 vs 455 μm; P = 0.02), and mean VA was worse (56.0 vs 60.9 letters; P = 0.002). Increases in mean VA were similar in the B50 and Other groups at 1 year (+9.3 vs +7.2 letters; P = 0.22) and at 2 years (9.0 vs 6.1 letters; P = 0.17). Eyes treated PRN received a similar number of injections in the 2 groups (12.2 vs 13.4; P = 0.27). Mean lesion size in the B50 group decreased by 1.2 DA at both 1 and 2 years (primarily owing to resolution of hemorrhage) and increased in the Other group by 0.33 DA at 1 year and 0.91 DA at 2 years (P 0.001). Leakage on FA and fluid on OCT were similar between groups at 1 and 2 years.In CATT, the B50 group had a visual prognosis similar to the Other group. Lesion size decreased markedly through 2 years. Eyes like those enrolled in CATT with neovascular AMD lesions composed of50% blood can be managed similarly to those with less or no blood.
Published: 2015
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15. The early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study: Structural findings at age 2 years

Author: Edward O'Malley, Scott M. Steidl, George Williams, Brian W. Arthur, Donald Tingley, James D. Reynolds, Richard A. Polin, Bradley V. Davitt, Robert Bergren, Michael X. Repka, John Roarty, Marc Horowitz, Reagan H. Bradford, William V. Good, Joseph Garcia-Prats, Albert M. Maguire, Robert A. Gordon, Sharon F. Freedman, Dottie Inguillo, Susan Bracken, Deborah Alcorn, Kelly A. Hutcheson, Peggy Fishman, Maryann Redford, David Durand, James G. Diamond, O'ine McCabe, Patricia N. Hartsell, James C. MacDonald, Ann M. Holleschau, Sarah K. Jones, Sharon Klamfoth, Linda Stevens, Michael F. Chiang, Cheryl Harris, Donald F. Everett, Y. Trigo, Michael Teske, Earl A. Palmer, Michele L. Parker, Judith Jones, Osode Coki, Soraya Abbasi, Mark W. Preslan, Velma Dobson, Carol R. Taylor, Karl Olsen, Thomas C. Lee, W. A.J. Van Heuven, Sarah MacKinnon, John Connett, Edward F. Donovan, Yesenia Garcia, Terri Mansfield, Charles C. Barr, Kristine Ziemann, David K. Wallace, Maria Castanes, Richard McClead, Steven A. Kane, Robert Peterson, Monte D. Mills, Jonathan M. Holmes, Matthew D. Gearinger, Nancy Dolphin, Rhiannon Johnson, Linda Breuer, Leon Paul Noel, Stephen P. Christiansen, John Baker, Greg Mantych, Mariette Tyedmers, Pat Manatrey, Derek T. Sprunger, Paul Bernstein, Lisa Ogilbee, Mary Anne McCaffree, Ann U. Stout, Elizabeth A. Hynes, Natalie Dweck, Jane Phillips, Gordon Smith, Sally Cook, Graham E. Quinn, Steven Awner, Jerald King, Judith Gancasz, Evelyn A. Paysee, William Keenan, Michelle Quintos, Terri L. Young, Mary Louise Z. Collins, Bernard H. Doft, Betty Tung, Cherylene Behrendt, David A. Plager, Laura B. Enyedi, R. Michael Siatkowski, Joseph M. Miller, Jane C. Edmond, Paul J. Rychwalski, Naval Sondhi, James T. Handa, M. Millicent Peterseim, David G. Hunter, Kenneth P. Cheng, Louis Lobes, Richard P. Golden, Krist Cumming, William L. Gill, George P. Albert, Robert S. Hoffman, Eric Jones, C. Gail Summers, Daniel Neely, Douglas B. Babel, Edmund LaGamma, Kevin Powdrill, David T. Wheeler, R J Hardy, M. Bethany Ball, Donna Ornitz, Jamie G. Koh, Brian J. Forbes, Jeffrey N. Bloom, Deborah S. Neff, Marilyn T. Miller, Leandro Cordero, Don L. Bremer, David Epley, John T. Flynn, Jennifer Shepard, Dale L. Phelps, Susan W. Aucott, Robert E. Leonard, Mary Lou McGregor, Cybil Bean Cassady, Maureen M. Gilmore, Pamela Ann Weber, Antonio Capone, Richard Koty, Argye Hillis, Cynthia H. Cole, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Lawrence M. Kaufman, Brian Nichols, Oscar A. Cruz, Claudia Pedroza, Greg K. Whittington, Gary L. Rogers, David K. Coats, Lori Hutchins Parkman, Ashima Madan, Richard L. Mowery, Richard A. Saunders, Kimberly G. Yen, Beverly Brozanski, Dilip Purohit, Cassandra Horihan, Rajesh Rao, Gregg T. Lueder, Rae R. Fellows, Terri Slagle, Rita Ryan, Michael J. Shapiro, Michael T. Trese, James A. Lemons, Gary David Markowitz, Walter Merriam, Edward Wilson, Gordon Tsai, Maria Genio, Wico W. Lai, Deborah K. VanderVeen, Pamela Donahue, Anthony Fraioli, Richard W. Hertle, Stephanie Davidson, and Michael W. Gaynon
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Side effect, genetic structures, Retinopathy Of Prematurity - Pathology - Surgery - Therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Posterior pole, Cryotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ophthalmology, Retina - Pathology - Surgery, medicine, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Retina, business.industry, Clinical Science - Extended Report, Infant, Newborn, Retinal detachment, Retinopathy of prematurity, Retinal, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Child, Preschool, sense organs, Laser Therapy, business, Infant, Premature, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Objective: To determine whether earlier treatment of high-risk, prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) improves retinal structural outcome at 2 years of age. Methods: Infants with bilateral high-risk prethreshold ROP had one eye randomly assigned to treatment with peripheral retinal ablation. The fellow eye was managed conventionally, and either treated at threshold ROP or observed if threshold was never reached. In patients with asymmetrical disease, the high-risk, prethreshold eye was randomised to earlier treatment or to conventional management. At 2 years of age, children were examined comprehensively by certified ophthalmologists to determine structural outcomes for their eyes. For the purposes of this study, an unfavourable structural outcome was defined as (1) a posterior retinal fold involving the macula, (2) a retinal detachment involving the macula or (3) retrolental tissue or "mass" obscuring the view of the posterior pole. Results of the 2-year examination were compared with those from the 9 months examination. Results: Data were available on 339 of 374 (90.6%) surviving children. Unfavourable structural outcomes were reduced from 15.4% in conventionally managed eyes to 9.1% in earlier-treated eyes (p = 0.002) at 2 years of age. Ophthalmic side effects (excluding retinal structure) from the ROP or its treatment were similar in the earlier-treated eyes and the conventionally managed eyes. Conclusion: The benefit of earlier treatment of high-risk prethreshold ROP on retinal structure endures to 2 years of age, and is not counterbalanced by any known side effect caused by earlier intervention. Earlier treatment improves the chance for long-term favourable retinal structural outcome in eyes with high-risk prethreshold ROP. Long-term follow-up is planned to determine structural and functional outcomes at 6 years of age., link_to_OA_fulltext
Published: 2006

16. Microbiologic Factors and Visual Outcome in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study: Author Reply

Author: Michael Barza, Dennis P. Han, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, Endophthalmitis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Study Author, medicine, Vitrectomy, medicine.disease, business, Outcome (game theory)
Published: 1997
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17. Diabetes and postcataract extraction endophthalmitis

Author: Shirley Groer-Fitzgerald, Bernard H. Doft, Sheryl F. Kelsey, and Stephen R. Wisniewski
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Cataract Extraction, Eye Infections, Bacterial, law.invention, Diabetes Complications, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, law, Diabetes mellitus, Ophthalmology, Biopsy, Medicine, Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Eye infection, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Clinical trial, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: This paper reports the results of an exploratory analysis among patients in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study to determine if there was a different response to treatment in diabetes and whether the signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Patients in this multicenter clinical trial were followed for 9 months after random assignment to either vitrectomy or tap/biopsy. Outcome measures included visual acuity assessed in standardized fashion. Fifty-eight of 420 study patients were diabetic. Diabetics presented with slightly worse vision and ocular media. Only 39% of diabetics compared with 55% of nondiabetics achieved 20/40 final vision. Both diabetic and nondiabetic patients who presented with vision of only light perception (LP) had better visual results with immediate vitrectomy. For those who presented with better than LP vision, diabetics achieved 20/40 more often with vitrectomy (57%) than with tap/biopsy (40%), but non diabetics did equally well with vitrectomy or tap/biopsy. In the diabetic group, small numbers did not allow adequate statistical power to test treatment difference. A new clinical trial is needed to determine if in fact there is a difference in response to treatment among diabetic and nondiabetic patients who present with better than LP vision.
Published: 2002

18. Characteristics after cataract extraction or secondary lens implantation among patients screened for the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Sheryl F. Kelsey, H. Michael Lambert, Antonio Capone, Shirley Groer-Fitzgerald, Bernard H. Doft, and Stephen R. Wisniewski
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, genetic structures, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Vision Disorders, Intraocular lens, Vitrectomy, Hyperemia, Cataract Extraction, Hypopyon, Conjunctival Diseases, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Endophthalmitis, Blurred vision, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Medical history, Child, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Pain, Postoperative, Suppuration, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eye examination, Eyelid Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose This report describes the presenting clinical ophthalmic features and historical findings in patients with a clinical diagnosis of endophthalmitis after cataract extraction or secondary lens implant surgery screened for enrollment in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). Design Clinic-based, cross-sectional study. Participants Eight hundred fifty-four patients suspected to have endophthalmitis after cataract extraction or secondary lens implantation. Methods As part of the screening process for the study, an eye examination, a medical history, and demographic data were recorded in standardized form for all patients with endophthalmitis after cataract extraction or secondary lens implant surgery referred to the clinical centers, regardless of whether the patient met entry criteria. Main outcome measures Demographics, presenting signs, and symptoms. Results The median age of individuals presenting with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis was 75 years (range, 9–100 years). Most of those screened (57.7%) were women. Seventy-nine percent of patients sought treatment within 6 weeks of surgery. Blurred vision, conjunctival injection, pain, and lid swelling were the predominant presenting symptoms in order of prevalence. Ocular pain and hypopyon, widely regarded as diagnostic of endophthalmitis, were each absent in 25% of patients. The median hypopyon height, when present, was 1.5 mm. Conclusions The classic presentation of postoperative endophthalmitis includes reduced vision, conjunctival hyperemia, pain, hypopyon, and lid swelling within days after cataract surgery or secondary lens implantation. These were the prominent clinical findings in the EVS as well. Because pain and hypopyon, although common, were not always present, clinicians must be vigilant in postsurgical monitoring of patients.
Published: 2000

19. Microbiologic yields and complication rates of vitreous needle aspiration versus mechanized vitreous biopsy in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Dennis P. Han, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Peter R. Pavan, Michael Barza, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Pars plana, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Endophthalmitis, Postoperative Complications, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Sampling (medicine), medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Biopsy, Needle, Retinal detachment, General Medicine, Eye infection, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Needles, Drainage, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: PURPOSE To compare the microbiologic yields and complication rates associated with vitreous needle tap and vitreous biopsy in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). METHODS Of 420 EVS patients with postoperative endophthalmitis, 201 received immediate vitreous tap or biopsy (without pars plana vitrectomy) by random assignment and 193 completed 9-12 months of follow-up. Vitreous specimens were obtained by biopsy with a 20-gauge vitrectomy cutting instrument or by needle tap with a 22-27-gauge needle. If resistance to aspiration by needle tap was noted, a vitreous biopsy was performed. RESULTS Of 201 patients undergoing tap or biopsy, 70 (35%) had needle tap, 127 (63%) had mechanized biopsy, and 4 (2%) had initial needle tap that was aborted to mechanized biopsy ("abort" eyes). Intraoperative hyphema occurred in 2 tap eyes (3%), 3 biopsy eyes (2%), and 0 (0%) abort eyes. Postoperative retinal detachment developed in 8 (11%) tap eyes, 10 (8%) biopsy eyes, and 0 (0%) abort eyes (not significant). Respective rates of culture and gram stain positivity were 69% and 42% in tap eyes and 66% and 41% in biopsy eyes (not significant). The rate of severe visual loss (final acuity
Published: 1999

20. Evaluation of microbiological diagnostic techniques in postoperative endophthalmitis in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Sheryl F. Kelsey, Peter R. Pavan, Michael Barza, Louis A. Wilson, Bernard H. Doft, Dennis P. Han, and Stephen R. Wisniewski
Subjects: Microbiological Techniques, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Colony Count, Microbial, Vitrectomy, Cataract Extraction, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Eye Infections, Bacterial, law.invention, Aqueous Humor, Chocolate agar, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Endophthalmitis, Postoperative Complications, law, Predictive Value of Tests, Ophthalmology, Biopsy, Gram-Negative Bacteria, medicine, Agar, Humans, Prospective Studies, Lenses, Intraocular, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Eye infection, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Vitreous Body, Gram staining, chemistry, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Colony count, Gentian Violet, sense organs, business
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the data for cultures and Gram stains prospectively collected by protocol in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Design: Cultures of aqueous, undiluted vitreous, and (for patients who underwent vitrectomy) vitrectomy cassette fluid obtained from 420 patients were prepared on chocolate agar, in thioglycolate broth, and on Sabouraud dextrose agar; Gram stains of the aqueous and undiluted vitreous were made. Criteria were devised to distinguish true pathogens (confirmed positive cultures) from contaminants. Setting: Private and university-based retina-vitreous practices and corresponding microbiology laboratories. Results: Compared with the aqueous, undiluted vitreous produced a higher percentage of confirmed positive cultures and higher colony counts on chocolate agar and was more frequently the only source of a positive culture from the eye. Nevertheless, the aqueous and vitrectomy cassette fluid were the only source of a positive culture from the eye in 4.2% and 8.9% of eyes, respectively. The overall yields of chocolate agar and thioglycolate broth were similar. A positive Gram stain from the aqueous or undiluted vitreous was highly predictive of a positive culture from the eye, but a negative Gram stain had little predictive value for the culture result. The overall rate of laboratory-confirmed infection was not statistically significantly higher in the vitrectomy group than in the tap or biopsy group. Conclusions: The vitreous was a richer source of positive cultures and high colony counts than was the aqueous, either because it is more supportive of bacterial growth or because a somewhat larger inoculum of the vitreous than of aqueous could be obtained. The result of Gram stain should not determine the choice of antibiotic drugs in the treatment of endophthalmitis. Vitrectomy, with culture of the vitrectomy cassette fluid, did not produce significantly more positive cultures than tap or biopsy material, and the procedure should not be performed to improve the microbiological yield.
Published: 1997

21. Spectrum and susceptibilities of microbiologic isolates in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Louis A. Wilson, Michael Barza, Dennis P. Han, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Andrew K. Vine, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Gram-positive bacteria, medicine.medical_treatment, Ceftazidime, Intraocular lens, Cataract Extraction, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Microbiology, law.invention, Aqueous Humor, Endophthalmitis, Postoperative Complications, law, Vitrectomy, Gram-Negative Bacteria, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Lenses, Intraocular, biology, business.industry, Eye infection, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Gram staining, Amikacin, Vancomycin, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose To determine the microbiologie spectrum and antibiotic susceptibilities of infecting organisms in postoperative endophthalmitis and to evaluate the effects of operative factors on the microbiologie spectrum. Method Patients with bacterial endophthalmitis presenting within six weeks of cataract extraction or secondary intraocular lens implantation (IOL) were evaluated. Cultures and Gram stains were performed on intraocular specimens and susceptibility tests on the isolates. Results Confirmed microbiologie growth was demonstrated from intraocular specimens from 291 of 420 patients (69.3%). Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 274 patients (94.2%) with confirmed growth and gram-negative bacteria from 19 (6.5%). Two hundred twenty-six of the 323 isolates obtained (70.0%) were gram-positive, coagulase-negative micrococci, 32 (9.9%) Stapfiylococcus aureus, 29 (9.0%) Streptococcus species, seven (2.2%) Enterococcus species, ten (3.1%) miscellaneous gram-positive species, and 19 (5.9%) gram-negative species. All gram-positive isolates tested were susceptible to vancomycin. Seventeen gram-negative isolates (89%) were susceptible to both amikacin and ceftazidime and two (11%) were resistant to both. Anterior chamber or secondary IOL implantations were associated with higher rates of infection with gram-positives other than coagulase-negative micrococci than were posterior chamber IOL implantations (P = .022) or primary cataract extractions (P = .024). Conclusion Gram-positive, coagulasenegative micrococci predominated in this series. Vancomycin was active against all gram-positive isolates tested. Amikacin and ceftazidime showed equivalent activity against gram-negative isolates. Secondary or anterior chamber lens implantations were associated with a possible spectrum shift toward gram-positive organisms other than the coagulase-negative micrococci.
Published: 1996

22. Evaluation of vitrectomy machines as a source of false-positive culture contamination in endophthalmitis

Author: Lisa M. Karenchak, Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, Bernard H. Doft, Regis P. Kowalski, and Sean P. Donahue
Subjects: Microbiological Techniques, medicine.medical_specialty, Endophthalmitis, Bacteria, business.industry, Falso positivo, medicine.medical_treatment, Vitrectomy, Contamination, medicine.disease, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Contamination rate, Evaluation Studies as Topic, medicine, Positive culture, Equipment Contamination, Humans, False Positive Reactions, Isotonic Solutions, business
Abstract: Purpose We sought to determine whether a venturi-aspiration vitrectomy machine could contaminate a vitrectomy culture. Methods Ninety vitrectomies were simulated in a hospital operating room and were cultured with standard techniques. An additional 90 control specimens were cultured in the exact same manner, but the vitrectomy machine was not used. Instead, the control specimens were placed directly into a sterile vitrectomy cassette. Contamination rates in the two groups were compared. Results Contamination occurred in four of 90 vitrectomy-simulation cultures and in three of 90 control cultures. This difference in contamination rate was not statistically significant. Conclusions Although the result of a culture of the vitrectomy effluent can be false-positive, the source of contamination is not likely to be the vitrectomy machine.
Published: 1995

23. Baseline Characteristics and Response to Treatment of Participants With Hemiretinal Compared With Branch Retinal or Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in the Standard Care vs COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study

Author: Ingrid U. Scott, Paul C. VanVeldhuisen, Neal L. Oden, Michael S. Ip, Amitha Domalpally, Bernard H. Doft, Michael J. Elman, Barbara A. Blodi, and for the SCORE Study Investigator Group
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Retinal Vein, Triamcinolone acetonide, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Fundus (eye), Triamcinolone Acetonide, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Central retinal vein occlusion, Retinal Vein Occlusion, Occlusion, medicine, Humans, Glucocorticoids, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, business.industry, Retinal, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Intravitreal Injections, Branch retinal vein occlusion, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective To compare baseline characteristics and treatment response of participants with hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) with those of participants with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the Standard Care vs COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study. Methods Eyes were randomized to standard care, 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, or 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Standard care was observation in the SCORE-CRVO trial and grid photocoagulation in the SCORE-BRVO trial. The HRVO eyes were enrolled in the SCORE-BRVO trial. Baseline characteristics, changes in visual acuity and center point thickness, safety outcomes, and number of treatments were compared among HRVO, BRVO, and CRVO participants. Results At baseline, HRVO eyes were intermediate between BRVO and CRVO eyes in area of retinal thickening, area of fluorescein leakage, visual acuity, and center point thickness. No differences in visual acuity change from baseline to 1 year were noted between standard care groups for HRVO and BRVO. Within triamcinolone-treated eyes, HRVO eyes did not differ from BRVO eyes in visual acuity change, but HRVO eyes fared better than CRVO eyes. There were no differences in center point thickness change between standard care groups for HRVO and BRVO, nor were there differences across the 3 disease entities for triamcinolone-treated eyes. There were no differences in frequency of protocol treatments and adverse events. Conclusions The HRVO participants were similar to BRVO and CRVO participants regarding most demographic characteristics, with fundus findings intermediate between BRVO and CRVO. In the SCORE Study, HRVO was treated as BRVO; HRVO eyes responded to treatment similarly to BRVO eyes, and there was no difference among the 3 disease entities in frequency of protocol treatments and adverse events. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027
Published: 2012
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24. Treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract extraction

Author: Donna J. Metz, Aaron Kassoff, Matthew D. Davis, Bernard H. Doft, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Jeffrey S. Rinkoff, and Louis A. Lobes
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Pilot Projects, Cataract Extraction, Eye Infections, Bacterial, law.invention, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteria, business.industry, General Medicine, Eye infection, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Surgery, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Clinical trial, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Vancomycin, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background A series of 34 patients was prospectively treated for postoperative endophthalmitis according to a specific protocol. The data are from the pilot study performed before initiation of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). Methods Patients with bacterial endophthalmitis that developed within 6 weeks of cataract extraction received intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin, subconjunctival and topical antimicrobials and corticosteroids, and systemic corticosteroids. All patients had diagnostic samples removed from the aqueous and vitreous, with randomized assignment to immediate vitrectomy versus vitreous tap and treatment with or without intravenous antibiotics. Outcome was evaluated 3 and 9 months after treatment. Results At the 9-month visit, visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 49% of all eyes, 20/200 or better in 79%, and 5/200 or better in 91%. Media clarity was such that a "20/40 or better view" of the retina was present in 71% of patients at 3 months and in 97% at 9 months. Conclusion This is one of the largest series of patients with postoperative endophthalmitis treated and evaluated under a prospective protocol and without selection bias. Each of the options used in this study to treat postoperative endophthalmitis may result in good visual results.
Published: 1994

25. Ocular penetration of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and vancomycin after subconjunctival injection in humans

Author: Bernard H. Doft, Elizabeth Lynch, and Michael Barza
Subjects: Pars plana, Adult, Male, Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Ceftazidime, Vitrectomy, Injections, Vancomycin, medicine, Humans, Antibacterial agent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Ceftriaxone, Retinal Detachment, Retinal detachment, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Vitreous Hemorrhage, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Female, sense organs, business, Conjunctiva, medicine.drug, Retinopathy
Abstract: • Vancomycin (25 mg), ceftriaxone (125 mg), and ceftazidime (100 mg) were given by subconjunctival injection before vitrectomy to patients with uninfected eyes. Most of the patients had diabetic vitreous hemorrhage with or without traction retinal detachments, and some had rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Samples of vitreous were obtained by pars plana vitrectomy at intervals from 46 minutes to 4 hours 13 minutes after the subconjunctival injection. The median vitreous concentrations of all three drugs were below the limit of detection. Vitreous concentrations of these drugs after a single subconjunctival injection are exceedingly low.
Published: 1993

26. Sudden loss of vision: Purtscher retinopathy in multiple myeloma

Author: Joel F. Gradowski, Amit Nautiyal, Angus Jameson, Bernard H. Doft, Feiyu Hong, and G. Amescua
Subjects: Male, Best corrected visual acuity, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, MEDLINE, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Blindness, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, eye diseases, Surgery, Retinal Diseases, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Fluorescein Angiography, Multiple Myeloma, business, Multiple myeloma, Retinopathy
Abstract: A 53-year-old man presented with acute, severe loss of vision in both eyes. Three days earlier, he had noticed a painless deterioration of his vision, which had progressed until he could no longer read a newspaper using either eye. On examination, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity was 20/
Published: 2009
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27. Clinical Predictors and Outcomes of Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Retained Lens Material After Cataract Extraction

Author: Lawrence Y. Ho, Li Wang, Bernard H. Doft, and Clareann H. Bunker
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pars plana, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, Vitrectomy, Lower risk, Macular Edema, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Macular edema, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Phacoemulsification, business.industry, Retinal Detachment, Lens Subluxation, Middle Aged, Cataract surgery, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose To determine current clinical predictors and visual outcomes of patients who undergo pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retained lens material. Design Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. Methods Medical records of 166 patients with complicated cataract surgery who underwent PPV for retained lens material at Retina Vitreous Consultants of Pittsburgh between January 1, 2001 and January 1, 2007 were reviewed. Main outcome measures include final visual acuity, development of glaucoma, retinal detachments, and cystoid macular edema. Results At the final examination, 120 patients (72.3%) had a visual outcome of 20/40 or better and 18 patients (10.8%) had a visual outcome of 20/200 or worse. In patients without any preoperative eye conditions, 82.6% achieved a final vision of 20/40 or better. Multivariable analysis showed that predictors for visual outcomes of 20/40 or better were better presenting vision ( P = .001), insertion of a posterior chamber lens ( P = .005), and absence of preoperative eye disease ( P = .001). Predictors for visual outcomes of 20/200 or worse were the absence of an anterior vitrectomy at cataract surgery ( P = .005), absence of a sulcus lens ( P = .011), presence of preexisting eye disease ( P = .02), and development of glaucoma ( P = .001). Performing a PPV within 7 days of cataract surgery was associated with a lower risk of developing glaucoma ( P = .005). Conclusions Current techniques for management of retained lens material may contribute to improved visual outcomes based on our series. We recommend that the cataract surgeon perform an anterior vitrectomy, place a posterior chamber lens if possible, and consult a retina specialist for a PPV within 7 days to decrease the risk of developing secondary glaucoma.
Published: 2009
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28. Management of ocular penetration from injection of local anesthesia preceding cataract surgery

Author: Jeffrey S. Rinkoff, Louis A. Lobes, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Adult, Male, Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Perforation (oil well), Visual Acuity, Cataract Extraction, Light Coagulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Postoperative Complications, Ophthalmology, Vitrectomy, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Retina, business.industry, Retinal Detachment, Retinal detachment, Retinal, Cataract surgery, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Eye Injuries, Penetrating, Surgery, Vitreous Hemorrhage, Scleral Buckling, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Vitreous hemorrhage, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Anesthesia, Local, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: • We herein describe 12 patients who suffered penetration or perforation of the globe during injection of a local anesthetic before cataract surgery. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. Six eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/50 or better and an attached retina. Four eyes had an attached retina with a visual acuity of 20/80 to 2/200. Two eyes were anatomic failures because of a recurrent retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. These cases show that retinal penetrations without retinal detachment may be treated effectively with photocoagulation. Vitreous surgery is recommended when the retinal penetration is associated with a retinal detachment. Eyes with a dense vitreous hemorrhage and a suspicion of a penetrating injury should either be followed up closely with echography or should undergo vitreous surgery since the extent of the injury cannot be determined.
Published: 1991

29. A single sclerotomy vitreous biopsy technique in endophthalmitis

Author: Karen Donnelly and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Suction (medicine), medicine.medical_specialty, Endophthalmitis, genetic structures, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, Vitrectomy, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Medicine, Humans, Sclerostomy, sense organs, business, Biopsy procedure, Syringe, Vitreous biopsy
Abstract: To the Editor. —Vitreous specimens in endophthalmitis can be obtained by aspiration through a needle, vitrectomy biopsy procedure, or full vitrectomy approach. In theory, a vitreous biopsy procedure in which the vitreous is cut may be safer than vitreous aspiration. When performing a vitreous biopsy in endophthalmitis, it is widely believed 1 that an infusion line is necessary to prevent the globe from collapsing. However, one can use a single 20-gauge sclerotomy without infusion to rapidly and simply perform a vitrectomy biopsy in this disease. Additional sclerotomy openings are not required. The suction outflow end of the vitrectomy cutter is connected to a "vitreous biopsy tubing adaptor," which consists of 2.5 cm of silicone tubing connected to a female Luer lock as shown in the Figure. The Luer lock is attached to a tuberculin syringe so that suction can be controlled manually. The cutting function is machine controlled. Under the
Published: 1991

30. A technique to clear the anterior chamber media to allow pars plana vitrectomy in endophthalmitis

Author: Bernard H. Doft, Jeffrey S. Rinkoff, and Louis A. Lobes
Subjects: Pars plana, medicine.medical_specialty, Endophthalmitis, business.industry, Anterior Chamber, medicine.medical_treatment, Vitrectomy, medicine.disease, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Humans, business
Published: 1991

31. The endophthalmitis vitrectomy study

Author: Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Intravitreal antibiotics, After cataract, Vitrectomy, Endophthalmitis, Postoperative Complications, Bias, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, fungi, food and beverages, medicine.disease, Surgery, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Clinical trial, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Injections, Intravenous, business, Complication
Abstract: Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery can be a disastrous complication that may result in functional loss of an eye. All patients with this problem should receive direct injection of intravitreal antibiotics. The roles of initial vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics in treating this condition are controversial. Through a prospective, randomized, clinical trial, these issues can be assessed. We encourage ophthalmologists close to each clinical center to refer patients with postoperative endophthalmitis to these clinics. Questions concerning the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study can be addressed to the principal investigator at the nearest clinical trial center.
Published: 1991

32. Macular infarction after intravitreal amikacin

Author: Bernard H. Doft and Michael Barza
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, Surgery, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Amikacin, medicine, sense organs, business, Macular infarction, medicine.drug
Abstract: We write in reference to the letter by Galloway et al .1 The authors report a single case of macular infarction in a patient who had been given intravitreal amikacin for endophthalmitis. They cite that single case plus some previous literature as a reason to support a change in the choice of antibiotic for intravitreal injection from the treatment guidelines based on the results of the …
Published: 2004
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33. Diabetes and Postoperative Endophthalmitis in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Shirley Groer Fitzgerald, Bernard H. Doft, Stephen R. Wisniewski, and Sheryl F. Kelsey
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Vitrectomy, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Diabetes mellitus, Biopsy, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Complication
Abstract: Objectives To determine whether there was a different response to vitrectomy and tap/biopsy with or without systemic antibiotic treatment in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study and whether the signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Design A multicenter clinical trial in which patients with acute post–cataract extraction endophthalmitis were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to vitrectomy or tap/biopsy, in each case with or without intravenous antibiotics, and followed up for 9 months. Outcome measures included visual acuity assessed in standardized fashion. Results Fifty-eight of 420 study patients had diabetes. Diabetic patients had slightly worse vision and ocular media at the baseline assessment. Only 39% of diabetic patients compared with 55% of nondiabetic patients achieved 20/40 final vision. Both diabetic and nondiabetic patients with initial light perception(LP)-only vision had better visual results with immediate vitrectomy. For those with better than LP baseline vision, patients with diabetes achieved visual acuity of 20/40 more often with vitrectomy (57%) than with tap/biopsy(40%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Patients without diabetes did equally well with vitrectomy or tap/biopsy. Conclusions For patients with better than LP vision, tap/biopsy is appropriate for those without diabetes. A clinical trial of a sufficient number of diabetic patients with better than LP vision is necessary to determine the best management for this group. At present, initial vitrectomy or tap/biopsy are reasonable approaches for diabetic patients with better than LP vision.
Published: 2001
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34. The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study-Reply

Author: Sheryl F. Kelsey, Michael Barza, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Antibiotics, Vitrectomy, Intravitreal administration, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Amikacin, medicine, Vancomycin, business, medicine.drug, media_common
Abstract: In Reply. —We thank Drs Haimann, Weiss, and Miller for their interest in the reasons for specific antibiotic choices in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). Several considerations are important in choosing antimicrobial agents for endophthalmitis. To select the drugs for intravitreal administration, one must weigh the toxicity of the drug in the eye, the ability to achieve bactericidal levels, the antibacterial spectrum, and the drug's half-life. However, for systemically administered antibiotics, one must also consider the systemic toxicity of the drug and the degree to which it penetrates into the vitreous cavity. Even when the antibacterial spectrum is excellent, if a drug administered systemically does not penetrate the vitreous cavity it will be of little benefit in treating endophthalmitis. There is currently broad consensus that the intravitreal drugs of choice in the initial treatment of postsurgical endophthalmitis should be amikacin and vancomycin. Amikacin provides a broad spectrum extending to gram-negative
Published: 1996
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35. Ceftazidime or Amikacin: Choice of Intravitreal Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Postoperative Endophthalmitis

Author: Michael Barza and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: medicine.drug_class, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Antibiotics, Ceftazidime, Vitrectomy, Eye infection, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, Amikacin Sulfate, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Amikacin, Anesthesia, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Recently, concern has been expressed regarding the choice of amikacin sulfate as the companion drug to vancomycin hydrochloride for intravitreal injection in the initial treatment of patients with postoperative endophthalmitis. 1 The concern arises because of reports suggesting that amikacin may cause macular infarction. It has been recommended that ceftazidime be used in its place. Because of these reports, investigators and consultants of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS), sponsored by the National Eye Institute, reviewed their choice of antibiotics for intravitreous injection in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis. In vitro, both amikacin and ceftazidime are highly active against gram-negative bacilli, and few strains are resistant. Data from a retrospective series of cases of endophthalmitis caused by gram-negative bacilli showed one of 35 strains resistant to amikacin and none to ceftazidime. 2 So far, in the EVS, three of 21 isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and two to amikacin. Based on
Published: 1994
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36. Amphotericin Clearance in Vitrectomized Versus Nonvitrectomized Eyes

Author: Bernard H. Doft, Ingrid Nilsson-Ehle, Lemuel B. Wingard, and Jay Weiskopf
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Vitrectomy, Drug levels, Endophthalmitis, Pharmacokinetics, Reference Values, Amphotericin B, Animals, Medicine, business.industry, Candidiasis, Fungal endophthalmitis, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Kinetics, Ophthalmology, Reference values, Rabbit model, Rabbits, sense organs, business, Half-Life, medicine.drug
Abstract: Ocular clearance of amphotericin B after direct intravitreal injection was studied in a rabbit model. Unmodified phakic eyes, Candida-infected eyes, aphakic eyes, and aphakic vitrectomized eyes were employed. Using high pressure liquid chromatography to assess drug level, the half-lives of drug disappearance after single 10-microgram (microgram) intravitreal injections were 9.1, 8.6, 4.7, and 1.4 days, respectively. The disappearance slope for vitrectomized eyes was significantly different from all nonvitrectomized eyes with P less than 0.001. The rapid disappearance of amphotericin from vitrectomized eyes must be considered in clinical management of patients with fungal endophthalmitis.
Published: 1985
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37. The Association Between Long-term Diabetic Control and Early Retinopathy

Author: Trevor J. Orchard, Allan L. Drash, Lewis H. Kuller, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Dorothy J. Becker, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Internal medicine, Ophthalmology, Diabetes mellitus, Humans, Medicine, Macula Lutea, Fluorescein Angiography, Glycated Hemoglobin, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retinal Vessels, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, Aneurysm, Capillaries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, Metabolic control analysis, Angiography, Population study, Female, Hemoglobin, business, Diabetic Angiopathies, Retinopathy
Abstract: A study was performed to determine the relationship between level of long-term antecedent diabetic control and early diabetic retinopathy changes. Fifty-eight insulin dependent diabetics aged 14 to 17 1/2 years, with duration of diabetes of at least 8 years, were studied. Glycosylated hemoglobins were assessed a mean of 8.5 times per patient, over a mean period of 3.1 years, representing 28% of the mean duration of diabetes in this patient population. Fluorescein angiography, obtained according to a standardized technique, was assessed in masked fashion for number of microaneurysms, presence of abnormal areas of capillary nonperfusion, and presence of intraretinal dye leakage. Sixty-four percent of the study population showed some evidence of retinopathy. There was a high correlation found between degree of metabolic control as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin level, and presence of early retinopathy changes as defined by angiography.
Published: 1984
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38. Pans Plans Vitrectomy for Vitreous Amyloidosis

Author: Robert Machemer, Helmut Buettner, David McLeod, Martha Skinner, Bernard H. Doft, Ron Michels, Jerry Crock, Donald L. Wilson, John Clarkson, and John D. Scott
Subjects: Male, Reoperation, Pars plana, medicine.medical_specialty, Eye Diseases, genetic structures, Open angle glaucoma, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, Vitrectomy, Scleral buckle, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, business.industry, Amyloidosis, Retinal detachment, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, sense organs, business
Abstract: Thirty-six pars plana vitrectomies were performed on 30 eyes of 17 patients with biopsy-proven vitreous amyloidosis. Reopacification of the retrolental vitreous was the most common reason for vitrectomy revision, required in 24% of patients. Complications of amyloid or vitrectomy included retinal detachment requiring scleral buckling in 17% of eyes and glaucoma requiring filtering surgery in 17% of eyes. After a mean 35-month postvitrectomy follow-up, 48% of eyes had visual acuities of 20/40 or better, and 32% of eyes had visual acuities between 20/50 and 20/100. Twenty percent of eyes had visual acuities of 20/200 or worse due either to persistent retinal detachment, open angle glaucoma, or residual opacification of the vitreous.
Published: 1987
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39. Single versus Multiple Treatment Sessions of Argon Laser Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Author: George W. Blankenship and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, Visual acuity, Adolescent, genetic structures, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Child, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Diabetic Retinopathy, Neovascularization, Pathologic, business.industry, Lasers, Retinal Detachment, Exudative retinal detachment, Diabetic retinopathy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Visual field, Child, Preschool, Vitreous hemorrhage, Optometry, Female, Laser Therapy, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies, Retinopathy
Abstract: A prospective, randomized study was performed to demonstrate whether there was a difference in the beneficial or adverse effects of argon laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy depending on whether treatment was administered in a single session as compared with multiple sessions spaced over time. Results show no major differences between groups in the effect of treatment on visual acuity, visual field scores, or retinopathy risk factors. Exudative retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, and angle closure occurred more commonly in single session treatment group eyes, but these effects were transient, and no long-term difference between treatment groups was found.
Published: 1982
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40. Contribution of Diabetes Duration Before Puberty to Development of Microvascular Complications in IDDM Subjects

Author: Trevor J. Orchard, Janice S. Dorman, Dorothy J. Becker, Louis A. Lobes, Allan L. Drash, Ronald E. LaPorte, Yukashi Ohki, Demetrius Ellis, Bernard H. Doft, and Jill N Kostraba
Subjects: Male, Diabetes duration, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Diabetic Nephropathies, Fluorescein Angiography, education, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, education.field_of_study, Diabetic Retinopathy, Microvascular complication, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Puberty, Age Factors, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Overt nephropathy, Cohort, Female, business, Diabetic Angiopathies, Follow-Up Studies, Retinopathy
Abstract: The contribution of diabetes duration, both pre- and postpuberty, to the development of microvascular complications and mortality in diabetic subjects was investigated in three study populations from the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Registry. Life-table analyses by total and postpubertal IDDM duration were used to evaluate differences in the prevalence of microvascular complications and diabetes-related mortality in subjects diagnosed before and during puberty, as defined by an age at IDDM onset marker of 11 yr for girls and 12 yr for boys. The prevalence of retinopathy and overt nephropathy in 552 White adult diabetic subjects (population 1, mean IDDM duration 20.8 yr) was significantly greater in subjects diagnosed during puberty compared with those diagnosed before puberty. However, similar analyses by postpubertal duration showed no difference in microvascular complication prevalence between the two groups. These findings did not appear to be due to a confounding effect of age. Additional analyses of 239 adolescent diabetic subjects (population 2, mean duration 8.3 yr) revealed the same trend for the prevalence of retinopathy. Finally, results concerning the risk of diabetes-related mortality in a cohort of 1582 subjects (population 3, mean duration 12.9 yr) indicated that postpubertal duration of IDDM may be a more accurate determinant of the development of microvascular complications and diabetes-related mortality than total duration, and it is suggested that the contribution of the prepubertal years of diabetes to long-term prognosis may be minimal.
Published: 1989
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41. Retinopathy Risk Factor Regression After Laser Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Author: George W. Blankenship and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Eye Diseases, genetic structures, Vision Disorders, Hemorrhage, Panretinal photocoagulation, Diabetes mellitus, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Risk factor, Prospective cohort study, Diabetic Retinopathy, Neovascularization, Pathologic, business.industry, Lasers, Incidence (epidemiology), Retinal Vessels, Diabetic retinopathy, Prognosis, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Vitreous hemorrhage, Laser Therapy, business, Retinopathy
Abstract: Fifty eyes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were followed at frequent intervals to determine the rapidity and stability of retinopathy risk factor regression after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation. Retinopathy risk factors regress rapidly after laser photocoagulation. The incidence of eyes at high risk for severe visual loss (eyes with 3 or more retinopathy risk factors) decreased from 100% prior to treatment to 28% three weeks after treatment. The early response to treatment was a good prognostic indicator of longer term results. Seventy-two percent of eyes which improved from a high- to a low-risk category by three weeks continued to remain at low risk at six months. Sixty-four percent of eyes which failed to improve to a low-risk category by three weeks continued to remain at high risk at six months. The early response to laser panretinal ablation may be used to predict longer-term results.
Published: 1984
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42. The inverse electro-oculogram

Author: Stephen A. Burns, Ann E. Elsner, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Adult, Retinal degeneration, medicine.medical_specialty, Eye Movements, Light, genetic structures, Electro oculogram, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Photoreceptor Cells, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retinal Degeneration, Dystrophy, Electrooculography, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Female, sense organs, business, Research Article, Photopic vision
Abstract: An electro-oculogram ratio of less than one was found to be caused by limited ocular excursions under photopic conditions in a patient with a rod-cone dystrophy. Because this inverse electro-oculogram ratio was not caused by a decrease in standing potential under photopic conditions, it should be considered an artefact.
Published: 1982
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43. An epidemiologic approach to the study of retinopathy: the Pittsburgh diabetic morbidity and retinopathy studies

Author: Lewis H. Kuller, Trevor J. Orchard, Allan L. Drash, Janice S. Dorman, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Bernard H. Doft, and Ronald E. LaPorte
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Macrovascular disease, Retrospective Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Infant, General Medicine, Diabetic retinopathy, Pennsylvania, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Metabolic control analysis, Child, Preschool, Cohort, Female, business, Epidemiologic Methods, Retinopathy
Abstract: Summary Diabetic retinopathy was studied in two cohorts of insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDs) from the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. The first cohort ( n = 696) consisted of IDDs of long duration. Severe retinopathy was self-reported in 70% of this cohort by 30 years duration of diabetes. Associations between severe retinopathy, hypertension and smoking were observed. In order to examine the relationship between metabolic control and early diabetic retinopathy, a second cohort of adolescent IDDs ( n = 58) were referred for standardized fluorescein angiography. Sixty-four percent had early retinopathy. None had proliferative changes. Significant differences in individual mean whole blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), averaged over 3 years before angiography, were consistently seen between those with and without early retinopathy. Also, the number of microaneurysms was positively correlated with individual mean GHb. Before the advent of GHb testing, those IDDs who later had retinopathy were more likely to have experienced at least one hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis. These observations provide strong support that poor metabolic control preceded the development of diabetic retinopathy. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that improvement of metabolic control early in the course of IDDM may prevent or delay the development of the early changes of diabetic retinopathy.
Published: 1988

44. Diabetes complications and glycemic control. The Pittsburgh Prospective Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Cohort Study Status Report after 5 yr of IDDM

Author: Allan L. Drash, Bernard H. Doft, Dorothy J. Becker, Trevor J. Orchard, Joyce A. D'Antonio, Demetrius Ellis, and Lewis H. Kuller
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Age adjustment, Blood Pressure, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, HLA Antigens, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Triglycerides, Glycemic, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Glycated Hemoglobin, Triglyceride, business.industry, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, HDL, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Pennsylvania, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Female, business, Biomarkers, Retinopathy, Cohort study
Abstract: The relationship between glycemic control and complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) remains controversial. With the use of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) to assess glycemic control from diagnosis onward, the Pittsburgh Prospective Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Cohort Study prospectively evaluated 80 new cases of IDDM diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. This study presents findings in 62 patients at 5 yr postdiagnosis. Only 7 patients, all girls, had any retinopathy (microaneurysms). These subjects had an elevated 5-yr mean HbA1 compared to those with no retinopathy (13.0 vs. 11.7%; P less than .05). Six female subjects who had an elevated albumin excretion rate (AER; greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/min) had a higher 5-yr mean HbA1 (13.3%) than the 26 subjects with AER less than 20 micrograms/min (11.8%; P less than .05). Current HbA1 was correlated with AER (r = +.36, P less than .05) and systolic blood pressure (r = +.49, P less than .01) in females. However, these associations were not observed in males. Positive correlations were found between HbA1 (5-yr mean and current) and serum triglyceride and cholesterol, but only in females was HbA1 inversely related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, HbA1 was independent of sex, HLA-DR type, and urine C-peptide status. Age adjustment did not change the above results. These analyses suggest that glycemic control is related to AER, systolic blood pressure, presence of microaneurysms, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations during the first 5 yr of IDDM. However, these associations appear to be predominant in girls.
Published: 1989

45. Combined ocular infection with cytomegalovirus and cryptococcosis

Author: Victor T. Curtin and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Eye Diseases, Opportunistic infection, medicine.medical_treatment, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Cryptococcus, Retinitis, Immunosuppression, Cryptococcosis, Biology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Eye, Ophthalmology, Corticosteroid therapy, parasitic diseases, Immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections, medicine, Humans, Female
Abstract: • To our knowledge, this is the first published description of the clinical and pathologic features of combined ocular infection with both cytomegalovirus and Cryptococcus . Infection occurred in a patient treated by immunosuppression and corticosteroid therapy. This article emphasizes that ocular findings may be the first sign of disseminated opportunistic infection and that clinical manifestations may be sufficient to allow accurate diagnosis of opportunistic retinitis.
Published: 1982

46. Punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis

Author: J. Donald M. Gass and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Adolescent, Ocular Pathology, Eye disease, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Retinal Diseases, medicine, Humans, Photoreceptor Cells, Fluorescein Angiography, Child, Pigment Epithelium of Eye, Toxoplasmosis, Ocular, Punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis, Retina, Retinal pigment epithelium, medicine.diagnostic_test, Retinal, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, eye diseases, Toxoplasmosis, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Female, sense organs
Abstract: • Classic ocular toxoplasmosis initially involves inner retinal layers and is associated with marked vitreous reaction. We encountered three cases of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis, a subset of ocular toxoplasmosis that is characterized by multifocal gray-white lesions at the level of deep retina and retinal pigment epithelium and that is associated with little or no overlying vitreous reaction. Acute lesions may resolve to form fine granular white dots. Recognition of this uncommon presentation of toxoplasmosis is important, since there is some evidence that treatment of toxoplasmosis may be effective.
Published: 1985

47. Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in drug abusers

Author: Richard K. Forster, Gebert Rebell, John G. Clarkson, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Pars plana, Adult, Microbiological Techniques, Substance-Related Disorders, Drug abuser, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Flucytosine, Endogeny, Vitrectomy, Aspergillosis, Therapeutic approach, Amphotericin B, medicine, Humans, Endophthalmitis, business.industry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: One of two cases of endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in abusers of intravenously administered drugs was treated successfully by subtotal pars plana vitrectomy; amphotericin B administered by intravitreal, periocular, and systemic routes; and flucytosine administered systemically. Aspergillus sp should be considered a possible pathogenic organism in drug abusers with endogenous endophthalmitis. An aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach may result in preservation of useful vision.
Published: 1980

48. Immunocytochemical demonstration of prealbumin in the vitreous in heredofamilial amyloidosis

Author: Alan Rubinow, Bernard H. Doft, and Alan S. Cohen
Subjects: Pars plana, Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid, genetic structures, Eye Diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunocytochemistry, Vitrectomy, mental disorders, Heredofamilial amyloidosis, Medicine, Humans, Prealbumin, Serum Amyloid A Protein, biology, business.industry, Histocytochemistry, Amyloidosis, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Vitreous Body, Ophthalmology, Transthyretin, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, Female, sense organs, business
Abstract: Vitreous material obtained at pars plana vitrectomy from a patient with heredofamilial amyloidosis with vitreous involvement and control vitreous from a patient without amyloidosis were subjected to immunocytochemical studies. P component (AP), a minor constituent of all amyloid deposits, was found in trace amounts in the familial amyloid vitreous, but other amyloid proteins, which occur in secondary amyloidosis or in primary amyloidosis, were not found. The major amyloid protein in the vitreous in heredofamilial amyloidosis (but not control vitreous) was found to be prealbumin.
Published: 1984

49. Outer retinal layer toxoplasmosis

Author: J. D. M. Gass and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Ocular Pathology, Biology, Retina, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Humans, Fluorescein Angiography, Child, Toxoplasmosis, Ocular, Retinal pigment epithelium, medicine.diagnostic_test, Infant, Retinal, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Toxoplasmosis, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Female, sense organs, Fine punctate
Abstract: It is widely held that ocular toxoplasmosis (1) involves inner retinal layers and (2) shows marked vitreous cellular reaction. This article reports on punctate outer retinal layer toxoplasmosis, a subset of ocular toxoplasmosis characterized by grey-white lesions of deep retina and retinal pigment epithelium, and associated with little or no overlying vitreous reaction. Acute lesions may resolve and become fine punctate white dots. Recognition of this uncommon presentation of toxoplasmosis is important, since this may allow for potentially efficacious therapy.
Published: 1986

50. Classification and measurement of surface microvessels in man

Author: Lawrence R. Rouen, Walter Redisch, Erwin N. Terry, Roy H. Clauss, and Bernard H. Doft
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Adolescent, Percentage distribution, Biochemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Aged, Skin, Scleroderma, Systemic, business.industry, Microcirculation, Progressive systemic sclerosis, Rheumatic disease, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Clinical disease, Normal limit, Capillaries, Capillary length, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Capillary length, width, and number of loops per field have been measured in human surface microvessels. The nailfold was selected as a testing place because of its easy accessibility, the possibility to photograph the loops in all their functional parts, and because of comparative persistency of nailfold capillary patterns. The method of measurement is described and its limitations discussed. Subjects included for study were 37 individuals without clinical disease, 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 25 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). The clinical diagnoses had been established independently by the Rheumatic Disease Study Group at the New York University School of Medicine. The percentage distribution of capillary types found for each group is: normals, 71% within normal limits, 25% tortuous, 2% meandering, 2% general enlargement, and no giant loops; SLE, 21% within normal limits, 44% tortuous, 32% meandering, 3% general enlargement, and no giant loops; PSS, 23% within normal limits, 37% tortuous, 6% meandering, 14% general enlargement, and 20% giant. Measurements of capillary loops in each group have verified preliminary findings of an earlier study, i.e., transitional limb width is greater and the number of capillaries is smaller in PSS than in normals and in SLE. The usefulness of this approach is discussed in terms of possible significance of the findings.
Published: 1972

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