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Background. Celiac disease is frequently associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but is usually ill-defined and not usually suspected until the disease becomes advanced. Objective. To study the prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care referral centre in north India. Methodology. Two hundred and fifty six patients were screened (149 males and 107 females) during the study period of two years, patients were evaluated for the clinical signs, biochemical investigations and family history of celiac disease in tertiary care health center in western Uttar Pradesh. Results. Twenty four (9.37%) patients were diagnosed to have celiac disease; the mean age at diagnosis of diabetes was 9.34 ± 7.3 years. Only 1/24 patients with celiac disease had been diagnosed before detection of diabetes mellitus. The common manifestations were normocytic normochromic anemia (66.6%) followed by diarrhoea (62.5%), abdominal pain/bloating sensation (58.3%) and short stature (58.3%). Some uncommon manifestations were also observed in small number of patients: rickets (20.8%), recurrent hypoglycemia (16.6%), carpopedal spasm (8.3%), and night blindness (8.3%). Conclusion. Celiac disease was found in about 10% of patients with type 1 diabetes, almost 10-20 times higher than that observed in general pediatric population. Atypical manifestations (rickets, recurrent hypoglycemia, carpopedal spasm and night blindness) were found to be common in patients with type 1 diabetes as compared to the general population. Unexplained anemia, diarrhoea, short stature and rickets should raise suspicion for the possibility of undiagnosed celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Sugar and sweet consumption have been very popular worldwide. Along with modern sedentary lifestyle, this increasing trend of per capita sugar consumption assumes significance in the view of high tendency to develop insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and hepatic steatosis, and the increasing “epidemic” of type 2 diabetes (T 2 DM) and cardiovascular diseases. This article is to show the effects of different type of sugar and its effect on our physiology. We must work on various prevention strategies, encompassing multiple stakeholders (government, industry, and consumers), should target on decreasing sugar consumption. In this context, dietary guidelines show that sugar consumption should be less than 10% of total daily energy intake, but it is suggested that this limit be decreased.