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Summary Background Renal cell carcinoma is an interesting tumor due to its unpredictable behavior. Common metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma are the lungs, lymph nodes, bones and liver. Concurrent thyroid metastasis of clear cell carcinoma is uncommon but it can appear as a rapidly growing cervical, painless nodular mass. Case Report We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient with clear cell renal carcinoma confirmed on a histopathological examination. The patient noticed a rapidly growing mass in the thyroid region when receiving medical anticancer therapy. Because of that, gray-scale thyroid ultrasonography and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy were performed. The histopathological examinationof the biopsy specimen revealed a lesion composed of malignant epithelial cells compatible with metastasis of renal carcinoma. Conclusions In patients with with a history of RCC, both past and present, a thyroid mass, especially co-existing with an adenomatous goiter, should prompt a work-up for thyroid metastasis.

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon benign chronic inflammatory breast disease, and erythema nodosum (EN) is an extremely rare systemic manifestation of IGM. Here, we report a rare case of IGM accompanied by EN. Case Report: A 32-year-old patient was admitted to our clinic with a history of a tender mass in the right breast. On physical examination, the right breast contained a hard, tender mass in the lower half with in-drawing of the nipple. She had florid EN affecting both legs. She was evaluated with mammography, ultrasound, power Doppler ultrasound, non-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and excisional biopsy. Time-intensity curves showed a type II pattern on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, which has an intermediate probability for malignancy. The FNAB reported a benign cytology suggestive of a granulomatous inflammation, which was also supported by the histopathological findings. A partial mastectomy was performed following medical treatment. There was no recurrence at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: IGM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of EN. Although histopathological examination remains the only method for the definite diagnosis of IGM, MRI can be helpful in the diagnosis or differentiation of benign lesions from malignant ones.

Background/Aims: To investigate the anatomy and variations of right lobe accessory veins and segment 5-8 veins draining into middle hepatic vein with 64 slice multidetector computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: 100 consecutive living donor candidates underwent 64 slice CT angiography. Image interpretation was performed based on source axial images, multiplanar reformats, and three-dimensional postprocessing images by the same radiologist. Results: Segment 5 and 8 veins with larger diameters were frequently found to be the proximal ones. Accessory hepatic veins were present in the great majority of cases (83%). Most of them were the inferior right hepatic veins (55%). All cases were classified according to the number of segment 5-8 veins and the presence or absence of a right accessory hepatic vein. Most of the donors had more than one segment 5-8 vein and right lobe accessory veins (57%). Conclusion: Multidetector CT is a valuable technique for investigating the venous anatomy of the liver in living donor candidates. Anatomy and variations of the hepatic veins can easily be evaluated by using multiplanar images.

Cerebellar agenesis (CA) is an extremely rare entity. We present two adult patients with CA. The 61-year-old man had ataxia, dysarthria, abnormalities in cerebellar tests, severe cognitive impairment, and moderate mental retardation. The 26-year-old woman had dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, and dysarthria as well as mild cognitive impairment and mild mental retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed complete absence of the cerebellum with small residual vermis. Brainstem was hypoplastic and structures above tentorium were normal. Supratentorial white matter bundles were unaffected in diffusion tensor tractography. Only few adult patients with CA have so far been published. These cases show that patients with CA present with a variety of developmental, clinical, and mental abnormalities; and emphasize the role of the cerebellum in normal motor, language, and mental development.

We report on the conventional and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a partially thrombosed torcular Herophili dural sinus malformation. DWI confirmed the intralesional partial thrombosis/blood clot characterized by restricted diffusion. In addition, focal or global intracerebral complications were excluded by fetal DWI. Our findings suggest that DWI is a valuable adjunct to the standard T1- and T2-weighted fetal MRI sequences.

We aimed to investigate the extent to which measurements of flow volume (FV) with colour flow duplex ultrasonography (CDU) could predict tissue perfusion. A 68 year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic complaining of intermittent claudication in the right leg. Digital subtraction angiography showed total occlusion of the right femoral artery. The right popliteal artery (PA) was filling by collaterals. CDU showed that the FV in the right PA was higher than in the left. Arterial-venous FV measurement with CDU should be performed rather than the detection of arterial stenosis to assess whether intervention is necessary.

Purpose. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the capability of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in differentiation between benign and malignant etiology of obstructive uropathy.Materials and Methods. DWI was performed in 41 patients with hydronephrotic kidneys and 26 healthy volunteers. MR imaging was performed using a 1.5 T whole-body superconducting MR scanner. The signal intensities of the renal parenchyma on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were noted. DWI was performed with the following diffusion gradientbvalues: 100, 600, and 1000 s/mm2. A large circular region of interest was placed in the corticomedullary junction of the kidneys. For statistical analysis, the independent-samplesttest was used.Results. The mean renal ADC values forb100,b600, andb1000 in hydronephrosis patients with benign and malignant etiology and the healthy volunteers of the control group were analysed. ADC measurements of renal parenchyma in all hydronephrotic kidneys with benign and malignant etiology were found to be statistically low compared to those of normal kidneysP<0.05.Conclusions. There were significant differences in the ADC values of obstructed kidneys compared to those of normal kidneys. Obstructed kidneys with malignant etiology had lower ADC values forb1000 compared to obstructed kidneys with benign etiology, but these alterations were statistically insignificant.