1. Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune
- Author
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Brigitte Raynaud-Messina, Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini, Ophélie Dufrançais, Christel Vérollet, Renaud Poincloux, Rémi Mascarau, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Integrins ,Myeloid ,Podosome ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Osteoclasts ,Review ,Biology ,Giant Cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Osteogenesis ,[SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB] ,Macrophage fusion ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Macrophage ,Humans ,Myeloid Cells ,Receptors, Immunologic ,Molecular Biology ,Pharmacology ,Cell fusion ,Macrophages ,Cell Biology ,Cell-to-cell fusion ,Cell biology ,Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Giant cell ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Myeloid cells ,Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) ,Podosomes ,Adhesion ,Molecular Medicine ,Osteoclasts (OCs) - Abstract
Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.
- Published
- 2021