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Upper limb arterial variations are commonly encountered and have been reported in many articles. The present study showed a high division of brachial artery in the middle third of arm into its terminal branches, the radial artery laterally and the ulnar artery medially. This study is an attempt to discuss the anatomy, embryological basis and clinical implications of such variations. Knowledge of such anomalous vessels is significant from clinical point of view.

The knowledge of variations of blood vessels of kidney is important during operative and diagnostic procedures. The present study contributes in making the clinicians aware of possible variations in renal vascular pedicle. 48 kidney specimens were studied for renal vessels in the Department of Anatomy, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. Out of 48 specimens, two kidneys were found to have anomalous vasculature. One kidney (Right Side) was observed to have triple renal veins along with an accessory renal artery. One other kidney (Left Side) exhibited triple renal artery. The study is being carried out till date and is planned for an extensive research for another few years to review and to collect more data in this perspective.

One hundred cadaveric human hearts were studied by dissection method for the correlation among various morphometric parameters of the heart and tricuspid valve. From the total hearts only 86 hearts were studied and 14 hearts have been excluded because of the one or the other anatomical variation in the structure of leaflets. The parameters studied were weight of heart (g), circumference of tricuspid valve (mm), attachment length of leaflets and commissures (mm), and height of the three leaflets (mm). A strong and direct correlation was observed between the circumference of tricuspid valve with the weight of heart, attachment length of leaflets and the three commissures and height of leaflets. Thus the present study tried to provide the normal data on morphometric parameters of heart and tricuspid valve which will help the cardiac surgeons and forensic experts. Possibly, it can also be used as an important tool in the anthropological studies, for better understanding of surgical anatomy of heart and designing of tissue-engineered cardiac valves.

Musculocutaneous nerve arises from lateral cord and supplies the muscles of front of arm and then continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm. Musculocutaneous nerve has frequent variations. Nerve may be doubled or even absent. There is unilateral absence of musculocutaneous nerve in this case. Musculocutaneous nerve arises from lateral cord and supplies the muscles of front of arm and then continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm. Musculocutaneous nerve has frequent variations. Nerve may be doubled or even absent. There is unilateral absence of musculocutaneous nerve in this case. Musculocutaneous nerve was seen to be absent in one case on right side. Branches arise either from lateral cord or median nerve to supply the flexor muscles of arm. Total absent musculocutaneous nerve is quiet uncommon. Hence knowledge of this variation can help clinicians in understanding the cause of weakness or paralysis of flexor muscles of arm due to median nerve injury which is unusual.

Background: Biceps brachii derives its name from its two proximally attached parts or ‘heads’ that is known as long head and short head. Two tendons form elongated bellies that though closely applied get fused within 7cm or so above the elbow joint. These variations should be kept in mind during surgical and diagnostic procedures done by clinicians.Methods: A total of 18 cadavers were dissected for two successive years during undergraduate and were observed for different patterns of fusion of two heads of biceps brachii.Results: The present study showed that frequency of fusion of heads of biceps brachii in its upper one-third part was observed less commonly while it was frequently observed in its middle one-third part.Conclusions: Variation in union of heads might be significant in causing compression of neurovascular structures because of their close relationship to the brachial artery and median nerve.

Abnormal communication was seen between median nerve (MN) and musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in a well-built 55 years male cadaver. Communicating fibers from MCN to MN were separated till their destination. It was observed that these fibers were supplying thenar muscles. In addition to this, fibers were supplying cutaneous supply to index finger and thumb. So clinicians should be aware of such communications. Physiologists should also have knowledge about such communications as nerve conduction studied can show different results in cases with such anomalies.