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Paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766), rodent belong to the Cuniculidae family, has encouraged numerous scientific researches and for this reason could be an experimental model in both human and veterinary areas. And recently, the economic exploitation of the meat cuts, has being direct implication in its zootechnical importance. However, no anatomical descriptions regarding the vascularization of the base of the brain in this rodent has being found. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the arteries and the pattern of the vasculature and to compare it with the other species already established in the literature. For this, five pacas, donated by the Unesp Jaboticabal Wildlife Sector, were euthanized followed by the vascular arterial system was injected with red-stained-centrifuged latex by the common carotid artery. After craniectomy, the brains were removed and the arteries were identified and, in addition, compared with those described in other animal species. The presence of the right and left vertebral arteries, close to the medulla oblongata, was detected, originating the basilar artery, which divided into the terminal branches of the right and left basilar artery. Ventral to the optic tract there was the right internal carotid artery and the left, dividing the middle cerebral artery and left rostral and right; dorsal to the optic chiasm, the medial branch of the rostral cerebral arteries was identified. Based on the results, it is concluded that the vascularization of the paca brain base is supplied by the carotid and vertebrobasilar system. RESUMO: A paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus 1766), roedor da família Cuniculidae, tem encorajado inúmeras pesquisas científicas, tornando-a modelo experimental tanto na área humana quanto na veterinária, além da recente exploração econômica de seus cortes cárneos, que favoreceu diretamente sua importância zootécnica. No entanto, não há até o momento, descrições anatômicas referentes à padronização da vascularização da base do encéfalo neste roedor. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar tal delineamento arterial nessa região do sistema nervoso central e compará-lo com as demais espécies já estabelecidas na literatura. Para isso, foram eutanasiadas cinco pacas doadas pelo setor de Animais Silvestres da Unesp Jaboticabal, as quais foram submetidas posteriormente à injeção de látex centrifugado e corante líquido xadrez vermelho, pela artéria carótida comum. Após craniectomia e segregação do encéfalo de todos os cadáveres, realizou-se a identificação das artérias presentes na base deste órgão e, ademais, comparação destas com as descritas cientificamente em outras espécies animais. Detectou-se a presença das artérias vertebral direita e esquerda, próximas à medula oblonga, originando a artéria basilar, que se dividiu nos ramos terminais da artéria basilar direito e esquerdo. Ventral ao trato óptico verificou-se a artéria carótida interna direita e esquerda dividindo-se na artéria cerebral média e rostral direita e esquerda; ainda, dorsal ao quiasma óptico, identificou-se o ramo medial das artérias cerebrais rostrais. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a vascularização da base do encéfalo da paca é suprida pelo sistema carotídeo e vertebro-basilar.

Introduction and objective: To describe clinical and anatomical features, and surgical treatment including several techniques of reconstructive surgery of soft palate carci-nomas. Description: We conducted a retrospective study with 5 patients. All of them were diagnosed and treated in our department during 2018 and 2019. Discussion: We present our results and make a review on soft palate tumors pointing out anatomical details and most employed reconstructive surgical techniques for soft palate carci-noma´s removal. Conclusions: The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma is increas-ing world-wide essentially due to increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus. Soft palate carcinomas are typically HPV negative. Initially, soft palate tumors are silent, and we should suspect them to avoid late diagnosis. Transoral surgery devel-opment has promoted surgical treatment in these tumors and allows better manage-ment and need for adjuvant therapy. Reconstruction is mandatory when resection is over 50% of the soft palate. Introducción y objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, anatómicas y el trata-miento quirúrgico, incluyendo las distintas opciones de reconstrucción de los tumo-res de paladar blando. Descripción: Estudio retrospectivo de 6 pacientes diagnosti-cados y tratados en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología del hospital San Pedro de Logroño entre los años 2018 y 2019. Discusión: Exponemos los resultados de nues-tros pacientes y realizamos una revisión de los tumores de orofaringe localizados en el paladar blando, los detalles anatómicos y técnicas quirúrgicas reconstructivas más utilizadas en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores de paladar blando. Conclusio-nes: La prevalencia de los tumores de orofaringe ha aumentado en los últimos años a expensas de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Sin embargo, los carcinomas de paladar blando son mayoritariamente P16 negativos. Estos tumores son poco sintomáticos en fases iniciales y es necesario un alto índice de sospecha para evitar diagnósticos tardíos. El desarrollo de la cirugía transoral ha impulsado el tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores de paladar blando y puede reducir la necesidad de tratamientos complementarios hasta en un 40% de los casos. La reconstrucción se hace necesaria en resecciones mayores del 50%.

To describe the anatomical and pathological osteoarticular, muscular and tendinous variations in feet of cadavers with hallux valgus and to correlate them with the degree of radiographic deformity.Dissections and radiographs were conducted in the feet of 22 cadavers with halux valgus, aged between 20 and 70 years. The feet affected were compared with 5 normal feet in order to document the anatomical and pathological, myotendinous and articular variations found.The extensor hallucis longus and brevis tendons were arched in all degrees of deformity, causing a lateral deviation that forms the arc chord of the metatarsophalangeal angle of the hallux. We also observed a deviation to the plantar face of the abductor muscle tendon and lateral deviation of the flexor hallucis muscle tendon. In the moderate deformities, the medial deviation of the first metatarsal head was observed, sliding out of the sesamoid apparatus, pronation of this head, and formation of medial exostoses. In severe deformities, in addition to all other deformities, we found the extensor hallucis longus tendon with two distal insertions, rather than just one.The anatomical alterations found in the hallux valgus may be related to the degree of radiographic deformityDescrever as variações anatômicas e patológicas osteoarticulares, musculares e tendíneas em pés de cadáveres portadores de hálux valgo e correlacionar com o grau de deformidade radiográfica.Foram feitas dissecações e radiografias de 22 peças de pés de cadáveres portadores de hálux valgo, com idade entre 20 e 70 anos, que foram comparadas com 5 pés normais, no intuito de documentar as variações anatômicas e patológicas ósseas, miotendíneas e articulares encontradas.Em todos os graus de deformidade encontramos um arqueamento dos tendões extensores longo e curto do hálux, causando um desvio lateral que forma a corda de arco do ângulo metatarsofalângico do hálux. Observamos, também, um desvio para a face plantar do tendão do músculo abdutor do hálux e desvio lateral do tendão do músculo flexor do hálux. Nas deformidades moderadas foi verificado o desvio medial da cabeça do primeiro metatarseano, deslizando para fora do aparelho sesamoide, pronação dessa cabeça e formação de exostoses mediais. Nas deformidades severas, além de todas as outras deformidades, encontramos o tendão extensor longo do hálux com duas inserções distais, ao invés de apenas uma.As alterações anatômicas encontradas no hálux valgo podem estar relacionadas com o grau de deformidade radiográfica.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar os parâmetros anatômicos do atlas (C1) em uma amostra da população brasileira, compará-los aos resultados já apresentados na literatura para outras populações e, assim, identificar e alterar as indicações dos implantes utilizados no tratamento das afecções da coluna cervical alta. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo de um banco de dados prospectivo, incluindo 100 pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Foram utilizados cortes axiais e sagitais de tomografias computadorizadas (TCs). Os parâmetros estudados foram; axial: ponto de entrada do parafuso (DTPPE), ângulo de segurança (ADSPA), tamanho ideal do parafuso (TPA) e tamanho da massa lateral entre os forames vertebral e transverso (DCVFT); sagital: tamanho ideal do parafuso (TPS), ângulo de segurança (ADSPS) e espessura do arco posterior (EAP). Todos os parâmetros foram divididos de acordo com a idade, gênero e lado esquerdo e direito. Resultados A média mínima do ponto de entrada variou de 20 mm a 22,7 mm. A zona de segurança média variou de 18,09° a 23,68°. A espessura média do arco posterior variou entre 7,21 mm e 8,95 mm. As menores médias foram encontradas no sexo feminino. Por meio de uma técnica original e reprodutível de avaliação de TC. Conclusão Os parâmetros anatômicos do atlas encontrados na amostra da população estudada foram semelhantes aos apresentados previamente na literatura. No entanto, foram observadas diferenças entre os sexos.

Objective: To evaluate the lumbar triangular safety zone, its boundaries and its relationship with the dorsal root ganglion through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: The boundaries, shape and dimensions of 303 triangular safety zones were analyzed in Tesla 3.0 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) coronal sections from L2 to L5, including the dorsal root ganglion. Results: The sample consisted of 101 patients with a mean age of 32 years. The height of the triangular safety zone was formed by the lateral edge of the dura mater, the width by the upper plateau of the lower vertebra and the hypotenuse by the corresponding nerve root. The mean dimensions and the area varied according to the level studied. The dorsal root ganglion invaded the dimensions of the triangle in all the images studied. Conclusion: Based on the data and the analyses performed, we concluded that knowledge of the boundaries of the triangular safety zone through MRI increases the safety of minimally invasive procedures in the lumbar spine. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies – Investigation of a diagnostic test. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a zona triangular de segurança lombar, seus limites e sua relação com o gânglio da raiz dorsal por meio da ressonância magnética (RM). Métodos: Foram estudados os limites, o formato e as dimensões de 303 zonas triangulares de segurança no corte coronal de RM 3.0 Tesla de L2 a L5, incluindo o gânglio da raiz dorsal. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 101 pacientes com média de idade de 32 anos. A altura da zona triangular de segurança era formada pela borda lateral da dura-máter; a largura, pelo platô superior da vértebra inferior; e a hipotenusa, pela raiz nervosa correspondente. A média das dimensões, assim como a área, variaram conforme o nível estudado. O gânglio da raiz dorsal invadiu as dimensões do triângulo em todas as imagens estudadas. Conclusão: Baseados nos dados e nas análises realizadas, concluímos que o conhecimento dos limites da zona triangular de segurança, por meio da imagem da RM, aumenta a segurança dos procedimentos minimamente invasivos na coluna lombar. Nível de evidência I; Estudos diagnósticos–Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la zona triangular de seguridad lumbar, sus límites y su relación con el ganglio de la raíz dorsal a través de la Resonancia Magnética (RM). Métodos: Se estudiaron los límites, el formato y las dimensiones de 303 zonas triangulares de seguridad en el corte coronal de RM 3.0 Tesla de L2 a L5, incluyendo el ganglio de la raíz dorsal. Resultados: La muestra fue compuesta por 101 pacientes, con promedio de edad de 32 años. La altura de la zona triangular de seguridad estaba formada por el borde lateral de la duramadre, el ancho por la meseta superior de la vértebra inferior y la hipotenusa por la raíz nerviosa correspondiente. El promedio de las dimensiones, así como el área, variaron según el nivel estudiado. El ganglio de la raíz dorsal invadió las dimensiones del triángulo en todas las imágenes estudiadas. Conclusión: Basándose en los datos y análisis realizados, concluimos que el conocimiento de los límites de la zona triangular de seguridad a través de la imagen de RM aumenta la seguridad de los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos en la columna lumbar. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.

Objective: This anatomical study aimed to analyze the possibility of transferring the radial nerve branches destined to the brachioradialis (BR), extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), and supinator (SM) muscles to innervate the AIN. Methods: Ten limbs from five male cadavers were prepared by intra-arterial injection of a solution of 10% glycerol and formalin. Results: The presence of only one branch to the BR muscle was noted in 7 limbs and two branches were noted in three limbs. In two members of a common trunk with branch to the ECRL. In eight cases, we identified one branch for the ERLC and two branches in two cases. We identified only one branch for the ECRB, while in six limbs, two branches were noted, penetrating the muscular body at two different points. We identified at least two branches innervating the supinator muscle. The AIN was detached from the median nerve distal to the intercondylar line of the humerus. In seven limbs, it originated from the nervous fascicles of the posterior region of the median nerve and from the posterolateral fascicles in three limbs. The flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus muscles received more than one branch of the AIN in all limbs. Conclusion: The radial nerve branches for the ECRL, ECRB, and supinator muscles can be transferred directly to the AIN or to one of its branches after intraneural dissection, without tension even in elbow movements. Level of Evidence IV; Case series. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a possibilidade de transferir os ramos do nervo radial (NR) destinados aos músculos braquiorradial (BR), extensor radial longo do carpo (LREC), extensor radial curto do carpo (ERCC) e supinador (SM) para reinervar o nervo interósseo anterior (NIA). Métodos: Estudo anatômico, no qual foram dissecados dez membros de cinco cadáveres preparados com solução de glicerina e formol a 10%. Resultados: A presença de apenas um ramo para o músculo BR foi registrada em sete membros e de dois ramos em três membros. Em dois membros de um tronco comum com ramo para o ERLC. Em oito membros, identificamos um ramo para o ERLC e, em dois membros, dois ramos. Identificamos apenas um ramo para o ECRB, este em seis membros, se dividia em dois ramos. Ainda, identificamos pelo menos dois ramos para o SM. Em sete membros, originou-se dos fascículos nervosos da região posterior do MN e, em três membros, dos fascículos posterolaterais.Os músculos flexores longo do polegar (FLP) e profundo dos dedos (FPD) receberam mais que um ramo do NIA em todos os membros. Conclusão: Os ramos do NR destinados aos músculos BR, ERLC, ECRB e SM podem ser transferidos ao NIA ou a um de seus ramos, sem tensão mesmo durante a movimentação do cotovelo. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de casos.

Anatomical studies found in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) an optimal resource for the three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the head and neck. When it comes to the maxillary sinuses, CBCT enables a life-size reliable volumetric analysis. This study aimed to assess the age and sex-related changes of the maxillary sinuses using volumetric CBCT analysis. The sample consisted of CBCT scans of 112 male (n = 57) and female (n = 55) individuals (224 maxillary sinuses) distributed in 5 age categories: 20 |— 30, 31 |— 40, 41 |— 50, 51 |— 60 and > 60 years. Image acquisition was accomplished with the i-CAT Next Generation device set with voxel size of 0.25 mm and field of view that included the maxillary sinuses (retrospective sample collection from an existing database). Image segmentation was performed in itk-SNAP (www.itksnap.org) software. The volume (mm3) of the segmented sinuses was quantified and compared pairwise based on side (left and right), sex (male and female) and age (five groups). Differences between left and right sides volume were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean volume of maxillary sinuses in males was 22% higher than females (p = 0.0001). Volumetric differences were not statistically significant between age categories for males and females (p > 0.05). The discriminant power of sinuses’ volume may support customized and patient-specific treatment planning based on sex. Los estudios anatómicos encontraron en la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) un recurso óptimo para la evaluación tridimensional (3D) de la cabeza y el cuello. Cuando se trata de los senos maxilares, CBCT permite un análisis volumétrico confiable a tamaño real. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios relacionados con la edad y el sexo de los senos maxilares mediante el análisis volumétrico de CBCT. La muestra consistió en exploraciones CBCT de 112 individuos masculinos (n = 57) y femeninos (n = 55) (224 senos maxilares) distribuidos en 5 categorías de edad: 20 |- 30, 31 |- 40, 41 |- 50, 51 |- 60 y > 60 años. La adquisición de imágenes se realizó con el dispositivo i-CAT con un tamaño de vóxel de 0,25 mm y un campo de visión que incluía los senos maxilares (recolección retrospectiva de muestras de una base de datos existente). Se realizó la segmentación de imágenes se realizó en el software itk-SNAP. El volumen (mm3) de los senos segmentados se cuantificó y comparó por pares en función del lado (izquierda y derecha), el sexo (masculino y femenino) y la edad (cinco grupos). Las diferencias entre el volumen de los lados izquierdo y derecho no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05). El volumen medio de los senos maxilares en los hombres fue un 22% mayor que en las mujeres (p = 0,0001). Las diferencias volumétricas no fueron estadísticamente significativas entre las categorías de edad para hombres y mujeres (p > 0,05). El poder discriminante del volumen de los senos paranasales puede apoyar la planificación del tratamiento personalizada y específica del paciente basada en el sexo. Estudos anatômicos encontram na tomografia computadorizada do feixe de cone (TCFC) um recurso ideal para a avaliação tridimensional (3D) da cabeça e pescoço. Quanto aos seios maxilares, o TCFC permite uma análise volumétrica em tamanho real. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações relacionadas à idade e ao sexo dos seios maxilares por meio da análise volumétrica em TCFC. A amostra consistiu em tomografias de 112 indivíduos masculinos (n = 57) e femininos (n = 55) (224 seios maxilares) distribuídos em 5 categorias etárias: 20 | — 30, 31 | — 40, 41 | — 50, 51 | — 60 e > 60 anos. A aquisição de imagens foi realizada com o dispositivo i-CAT Next Generation com tamanho de voxel de 0,25 mm e campo de visão que incluía os seios maxilares (coleta retrospectiva de amostras de um banco de dados existente). A segmentação de imagens foi realizada no software itk-SNAP (www.itksnap.org). O volume (mm3) dos seios segmentados foi quantificado e comparado com base no lado (esquerda e direita), sexo (masculino e feminino) e idade (cinco grupos). As diferenças entre o volume dos lados esquerdo e direito não foram estatisticamente significativas (p > 0,05). O volume médio de seios maxilares no sexo masculino foi 22% maior do que o feminino (p = 0,0001). As diferenças volumosas não foram estatisticamente significantes entre as categorias etárias para homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). O poder discriminante do volume dos seios pode suportar o planejamento de tratamento personalizado e específico do paciente com base no sexo.

Considering that the second inferior molar is a tooth of large anatomic variation, we have proposed ourselves to anatyse some aspects of the internal and external morphology of its roots. The external morphology, 67,64% was visually evaluea, gathering the teet with differentiated, fused or single roots. The internal morphology was examinea after wear of mesial and distal roots to altow examination in the mesiodistalginge. One hundred and two teeth have been examined. As for the external morphology we found that 75,49% show differentiated roots, 18,62% fused roors and 5188% single roots. As for the internal morphology we found that 5,88% with one root canal 7,84% with two root canals, 67164% with three root canals and 18,62% with four root canals., Considerando que o segundo molar inferior é um dente de grandes variações anatômicas, propusemo-nos a analisar alguns aspectos da morfologia interna e externa de suas raízes. A morfologia externa foi avaliada visualmente, agrupando-se os dentes com raízes diferenciadas, fusionadas ou únicas. A morfologia interna foi examinada após desgaste das raízes mesiais e distais de forma a permitir o exame no sentido mésio-distal. Dos 102 dentes examinados, achamos quanto a morfologia externa que 75,49% apresentam raízes diferenciadas, 18,62% fusionadas e 5,88% únicas. Quanto a morfologia interna encontramos 5,88% com um canal, 7,84% com dois canais, 67% com três canais e 18,62% com quatro canais.

Rioraja agassizii belongs to the monotypic genus Rioraja and differs from the other Riorajini species of the genus Atlantoraja by the shape of anterior nasal flap, squamation, clasper skeleton, body measurements and color pattern. Although R. agassizii is a well-known species, commonly captured in inshore waters of the southwestern Atlantic, its external morphology and internal anatomy have never been fully described and little is known on intraspecific variation within the species. Juvenile and adult, male and female specimens were examined, measured and dissected. Herein, we redescribe the species and present detailed descriptions and illustrations of external morphology, neurocranium, jaws, hyoid and gill arches, and pelvic fin and girdle. Additionally, notes on sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic differences in coloration, body and cranial measurements, and dermal denticles are provided. Resumo Rioraja agassizii pertence ao gênero monotípico Rioraja e difere das demais espécies da tribo Riorajini classificadas no gênero Atlantoraja pelo formato da aba nasal anterior, escamas, esqueleto do clásper, medidas corpóreas e padrão de coloração. Embora R. agassizii seja uma espécie bem conhecida, comumente capturada em águas costeiras do Atlântico Sul Ocidental, sua morfologia externa e anatomia interna não foram totalmente descritas e pouco se sabe sobre a variação intraespecífica nesta espécie. Espécimes juvenis, adultos, machos e fêmeas foram examinados, medidos e dissecados. Neste estudo, a espécie é redescrita e descrições detalhadas e ilustrações da morfologia externa, neurocrânio, maxilas, arcos hioide e branquiais, nadadeira e cintura pélvicas são apresentadas. Adicionalmente, notas sobre dimorfismo sexual e variação ontogenética na coloração, medidas corpóreas e craniais, e dentículos dérmicos são fornecidas.

Objective: To determine postural changes in relation to mandibular position in maximum intercuspation and at rest in adult patients of both sexes. Methods: : A descriptive observational clinical study was carried out in 76 patients. Using an analyzer and the Meersseman test, the necessary dermal points for postural analysis were located. Results: : The authors found significant differences in the posture adopted by the patient between maximum intercuspation and mandibular rest in the frontal, sagittal, and dorsal planes. Foot support in the right foot went from cavus to normal in 6% of the sample, and from flat to normal in 2.5% of the sample in the jaw rest position. Conclusion: Postural changes were observed in various segments, with clinical and statistical significance at cervical level in the frontal plane, in the biscapular variable in the dorsal plane, and at the level of the lower limbs in the bipopliteal and bimalleolar variables. Sin financiación 1.670 JCR (2021) Q4, 82/92 Dentristry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 0.293 SJR (2021) Q3, 86/142 Dentistry (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2021 UEM

This study compares upper cervical spine range of motion (ROM) in the three cardinal planes before and after occiput-atlas (C0–C1) stabilization. After the dissection of the superficial structures to the alar ligament and the fixation of C2, ten cryopreserved upper cervical columns were manually mobilized in the three cardinal planes of movement without and with a screw stabilization of C0–C1. Upper cervical ROM and mobilization force were measured using the Vicon motion capture system and a load cell respectively. The ROM without C0–C1 stabilization was 19.8° ± 5.2° in flexion and 14.3° ± 7.7° in extension. With stabilization, the ROM was 11.5° ± 4.3° and 6.6° ± 3.5°, respectively. The ROM without C0–C1 stabilization was 4.7° ± 2.3° in right lateral flexion and 5.6° ± 3.2° in left lateral flexion. With stabilization, the ROM was 2.3° ± 1.4° and 2.3° ± 1.2°, respectively. The ROM without C0–C1 stabilization was 33.9° ± 6.7° in right rotation and 28.0° ± 6.9° in left rotation. With stabilization, the ROM was 28.5° ± 7.0° and 23.7° ± 8.5° respectively. Stabilization of C0–C1 reduced the upper cervical ROM by 46.9% in the sagittal plane, 55.3% in the frontal plane, and 15.6% in the transverse plane. Also, the resistance to movement during upper cervical mobilization increased following C0–C1 stabilization.

Bradypus variegatus, vulgarmente conhecida como preguiça comum, pertence a um grupo individualizado de mamíferos, com peculiaridades morfológicas e biológicas já descritas, porém, pouco se sabe sobre questões estruturais do seu trato digestório, incluindo a morfologia do esôfago. Diferindo dos mamíferos em geral quanto ao trajeto completo do órgão, o esfíncter esofágico cranial localiza-se dorsalmente à laringe, desviando à esquerda da traqueia, mantendo-se adjacente a ela, ainda no antímero esquerdo, ao longo da porção cervical. No tórax, seguiu pelo mediastino, atravessou transversalmente o diafragma através do hiato esofágico, alcançando o estômago. Histologicamente, apresentou o mesmo padrão tecidual ao longo das três porções, destacando-se a presença de três camadas musculares, adensando na porção torácica, e na adventícia cercada pela cadeia nervosa simpática, adjacente à região cárdica. Essas características histológicas conferem ao esôfago dessa espécie arquitetura peculiar, que pode explicar o comportamento de deglutição destes indivíduos frente aos seus hábitos posturais.

Se presenta el estudio descriptivo del esqueleto apendicular de la taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis). Se utilizó el esqueleto apendicular de cuatro especímenes (2 hembras y 2 machos), según autorización N.° 158-2015-SERFOR-DGGSPFFS. El esqueleto apendicular fue obtenido según la técnica anatómica y los términos anatómicos siguen la Nómina Anatómica Veterinaria. Las estructuras morfológicas del esqueleto apendicular presentan similitudes a los rumiantes domésticos, como el ovino y la cabra. La taruca presenta particularidades a nivel del acromion y apófisis coracoides que es ganchosa a nivel de la escápula, un agujero interóseo proximal entre el radio y cúbito, y la presencia de vestigios distales del segundo y quinto metacarpiano con sus respectivas falanges. El coxal se caracteriza por presentar una tuberosidad sacra delgada y puntiaguda, la tuberosidad isquiática rugosa y triangular, la presencia de una escotadura en el agujero obturador, y un borde ondulante en el acetábulo. Asimismo, es característica de esta especie la relación trocánter-cabeza del fémur y las características de la escotadura del extensor en caso de la tibia, el surco longitudinal dorsal del metatarso ligeramente excavado, y la presencia de las falanges rudimentarias de los dedos II y V del pie., The descriptive study of the appendicular skeleton of the taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) is presented. The appendicular skeleton of four specimens (2 females and 2 males) were used according to authorization No 158-2015-SERFOR-DGGSPFFS. The appendicular skeleton was obtained according to the anatomical technique and the anatomical terms followed the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. The morphological structures of the appendicular skeleton have similarities to domestic ruminants, such as sheep and goats. The taruca presents particularities at the level of the acromion and coracoid process that is hooked at the level of the scapula, a proximal interosseal hole between the radius and ulna, and the presence of distal vestiges of the second and fifth metacarpal with their respective phalanges. The coxal bone is characterized by a thin and pointed sacral tuberosity, the rough and triangular ischial tuberosity, the presence of a notch in the obturator foramen, and an undulating edge in the acetabulum. It is also characteristic of this species the trochanter-femur’s head relationship and the characteristics of the extensor notch in the case of the tibia, the longitudinal dorsal groove of the slightly excavated metatarsal, and the presence of the rudimentary phalanges of fingers II and V of the foot.

Nos humanos, o arranjo considerado normal e mais frequente das artérias que se originam do arco aórtico é subclávia esquerda, carótida comum esquerda e tronco braquiocefálico. No entanto, são observadas e documentadas com frequência na literatura variações anatômicas na origem e na trajetória dos vasos sanguíneos do arco aórtico. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi relatar dois casos de variação anatômica observados nos ramos do arco aórtico em cadáveres formolizados. Durante a preparação das peças anatômicas para as aulas práticas no Laboratório de Anatomia Humana do Centro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP), foram encontrados dois casos de variação anatômica dos ramos do arco aórtico. Observou-se a presença da artéria vertebral esquerda se originando a partir do arco aórtico, e a artéria carótida comum esquerda surgindo junto à origem do tronco braquiocefálico. Essas variações anatômicas encontradas no arco aórtico são importantes para diagnósticos clínicos e tratamentos cirúrgicos, pois diminuem os riscos de doenças e lesões vasculares.

This study reports on a rare variation of the right internal jugular vein (IJV) identified during routine anatomic dissection of a male cadaver. The right IJV had a tributary located parallel and medially to the IJV itself. This branch of the IJV emerged between the transverse processes of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae and drained into the junction between the right internal jugular and brachiocephalic veins. The present study described a rare branch of the right IJV, which is important knowledge for surgeons, in order to prevent accidental injury and bleeding during surgical procedures.

Introduction: Knowledge of the anatomy and root canal system is of fundamental importance for a successful endodontic treatment. Maxillary canines unusually possess two root canals. Aim: The present study aims to present a maxillary canine with two roots and two canals through a clinical case. Case report: A male patient was referred for the treatment of a root perforation of the tooth 23. Clinical examination revealed the presence of vestibular fistula and mild pain with vertical and horizontal percussion. Through a tomographic examination, the presence of two roots and two root canals was observed in addition to a radiolucent lesion at the middle third of the roots but without perforation in the middle third. Coronary opening and the localization of the vestibular and palatal canals were performed. The root canal length was performed with Romi Apex A-15® foraminal locator and instrumentation was conducted by using Protaper Next® system. Due to the presence of fistula, calcium hydroxide manipulated with propylene glycol was used as intracanal medication for 30 days. After this period, the root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus® cement and a new tomographic examination was undertaken, which confirmed the complete filling of the root canals and the absence of root perforation. Conclusion: Given the above, endodontic professionals shall be aware of possible anatomical variations and make use of auxiliary resources when appropriate, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to ensure correct diagnosis and, consequently, a successful root canal treatment. Introducción: El conocimiento de la anatomía y el sistema de conductos radiculares es de fundamental importancia para el éxito del tratamiento de endodoncia. Los caninos maxilares tienen inusualmente dos conductos radiculares. Objetivo: El presente estudio posee como objetivo presentar un canino maxilar con dos raíces y dos canales a través de un caso clínico. Reporte de un caso: Un paciente masculino fue remitido para el tratamiento de una perforación radicular del diente 23. El examen clínico reveló la presencia de fístula vestibular y dolor leve con percusión vertical y horizontal. Al examen tomográfico se observó la presencia de dos raíces y dos conductos radiculares, además de una lesión radiolúcida en el tercio medio de las raíces, pero sin perforación en el tercio medio. Se realizó apertura coronaria y localización de los conductos vestibular y palatino. La odontometría electrónica se realizó con el localizador foraminal Romi Apex A-15® y la instrumentación se realizó con el sistema Protaper Next®. Debido a la presencia de fístula, se utilizó hidróxido de calcio manipulado con propilenglicol como medicación intracanal durante 30 días. Transcurrido este período se rellenaron los conductos radiculares con gutapercha y cemento AH Plus ® y se solicitó un nuevo examen tomográfico, que confirmó el llenado completo de los conductos radiculares y la ausencia de perforación radicular. Conclusión: Dado lo anterior, el profesional debe estar siempre atento a los posibles cambios anatómicos y, a menudo, al uso de recursos auxiliares, como la tomografía computarizada dental de haz cónico, asegurando un diagnóstico correcto y, en consecuencia, una terapia endodóntica exitosa. Introdução: O conhecimento da anatomia e do sistema de canais radiculares é de fundamental importância para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico. Os caninos superiores raramente possuem dois canais radiculares. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um canino superior com duas raízes e dois canais por meio de um caso clínico. Paciente do sexo masculino foi encaminhado para tratamento da perfuração radicular do dente 23. O exame clínico revelou presença de fístula vestibular e dor leve à percussão vertical e horizontal. Ao exame tomográfico, observou-se a presença de duas raízes e dois canais radiculares, além de lesão radiolúcida no terço médio das raízes, mas sem perfuração no terço médio. Foram realizadas a abertura coronária e localização dos canais vestibular e palatino. A odontometria eletrônica foi realizada com o localizador foraminal Romi Apex A-15® e a instrumentação com o sistema Protaper Next®. Devido à presença de fístula, hidróxido de cálcio manipulado com propilenoglicol foi utilizado como medicação intracanal por 30 dias. Após esse período, os canais foram preenchidos com guta-percha e cimento AH Plus® e um novo exame tomográfico foi solicitado, o qual confirmou o preenchimento completo dos canais radiculares e a ausência de perfuração radicular. Conclusão: Diante do exposto, o profissional deve estar sempre atento às possíveis alterações anatômicas e, frequentemente, utilizar recursos auxiliares, como a tomografia computadorizada do feixe cônico, garantindo o diagnóstico correto e, consequentemente, o sucesso da terapia endodôntica.

Objective: This study aims at identifying anatomical dimensions of dental arches, based on landmarks currently used in the lingual orthodontic technique, and create an archwire form template to be used in orthodontic clinics. Methods: Maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 140 Caucasian individuals with natural and normal occlusion were digitized (3D), and the images were analyzed with Delcam Power ShapeTM 2010 software. The dental arch shapes and sizes were obtained from 14 landmarks selected on the lingual surface of the teeth. Points and segments defined by the software were used to create an archwire form template. Results: Various dental arch patterns were found for both maxilla and mandible. The smallest sizes were found in females, and the largest were found in male subjects. Six categories were defined for each gender, three for the maxilla and three for the mandible (Small, Medium and Large). A template was created with eighteen anatomic lingual archwire designs, nine for the maxilla and nine for the mandible, for both genders. Conclusions: Landmarks evaluated in this study showed dental arch differences between genders. This information enables making orthodontic lingual archwires that are more compatible with the anatomical forms and sizes of the maxilla and mandible. The findings also allowed the creation of a template for an anatomic lingual metallic archwire form to be used in the lingual technique. RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo encontrar as formas anatômicas e dimensões das arcadas dentárias com base em pontos de referência utilizados na técnica ortodôntica lingual, e criar um diagrama com um maior número de arcos metálicos para serem utilizados na clínica ortodôntica. Métodos: 140 modelos de indivíduos caucasianos com oclusão normal e natural foram digitalizados (3D) e as imagens, analisadas com o software Delcam Power ShapeTM 2010. A determinação das formas e tamanhos das arcadas dentárias foi obtida a partir de 14 pontos selecionados na superfície lingual dos dentes. Outros pontos e segmentos foram utilizados, com o auxílio do software, para definir um diagrama. Resultados: Foram encontrados diferentes tamanhos de arcadas dentárias linguais, tanto para a maxila quanto para a mandíbula. Os menores tamanhos foram os femininos, e os maiores, os masculinos. Definiram-se seis tamanhos para cada sexo, sendo três para a maxila e três para a mandíbula, nomeados como P, M e G. Foi criado um diagrama com dezoito desenhos de arcos linguais anatômicos, nove para a maxila e nove para a mandíbula, para ambos os sexos. Conclusões: A posição dos pontos de referência nesse estudo evidenciou diferenças entre os sexos, o que permitiu a criação de arcos mais compatíveis com as formas e dimensões anatômicas da maxila e mandíbula. A diferença entre os tamanhos das arcadas dentárias linguais possibilitou a criação de um diagrama com formas de arcos metálicos linguais anatômicos para serem utilizados na técnica lingual, para auxiliar o profissional a criar os seus próprios arcos.

Introdução: A apendicite aguda é a indicação mais comum de cirurgia intra-abdominal de urgência no mundo, e a tomografia é o melhor exame para a confirmação diagnóstica no pré-operatório. Dentre os vários parâmetros utilizados, o mais abordado seria o diâmetro parede externa a parede externa ? 7mm. Objetivo: Avaliar a morfologia do apêndice cecal de um grupo aleatório de pacientes, através de Tomografias de abdomên e comparar com o que há descrito na literatura sobre critério diagnóstico de apendicite aguda. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional, do tipo retrospectivo, sem caráter intervencionista, que realizou a avaliação de apêndices cecais através de tomografias de abdômen da clínica de imagem do Hospital São José de Teresópolis, excluindo aqueles exames que apresentassem sinais radiológicos de apendicite a excessão do diâmetro ? 7mm. Resultados e Discussão: Foram avaliados 150 exames, excluídos 41 do total, restando 109, dos quais 13% apresentavam diâmetro entre três e cinco milímetros, 61% entre cinco e 6,9mm e 26% apresentava diâmetro superior ou igual a 7mm sem apresentar nenhum dos outros critérios diagnósticos para apendicite. Conclusão: No presente estudo, foi encontrado um número significante de pacientes com diâmetro superior ao limite da normalidade, mas sem outros comemorativos de apendicite aguda.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:35:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2020000800637.pdf: 3853348 bytes, checksum: be6ed02f27c3e202fd5b384f842f87c6 (MD5) Polanco J.B.A., Mamprim M.J., Silva J.P., Inamassu L.R. & Schimming B.C. 2020. Computed tomographic and radiologic anatomy of the lower respiratory tract in the red-food tortoise (Chelonoids carbonaria). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40(8):637-646. Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil. E-mail: bruno.schimming@unesp.br The diagnosis of several diseases in chelonians is a challenge in the veterinary clinic, because a detailed physical examination with auscultation and palpation is difficult due the presence of carapace and plastron. Imaging analysis such as radiography and computed tomography (CT) have been shown to be beneficial for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment in numerous animal species. Thus, this study aimed to identify and describe the structures of the lower respiratory tract in red-foot tortoises, by computed tomography, radiography and gross anatomy in twelve red-foot tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria), adults and of both sexes. The lower respiratory tract in these animals comprised the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs. The presence of epiglottic cartilage was not observed in the animals studied. CT allowed the observation of the intrapulmonary part of the bronchi, which was accompanied by large intrapulmonary blood vessels. The lungs presented a reticulated parenchyma, without lobulations. Each lung had a small chamber located near the cranial and caudal poles. These structures were identified in CT and 3D CT reconstructions and these could suggest that these chambers could be non-respiratory structures, and could be comparable to the air sacs of birds. This study establishes normal CT anatomy of the lower respiratory tract of the red-foot tortoise; and may be used as a reference in the assessment of respiratory disorders in this tortoise. Graduate Program in Wild Animals Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Distrito de Rubião Junior DepartamentodeReproduçãoAnimaleRadiologiaVeterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Distrito de Rubião Junior Departmento de Anatomia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior Graduate Program in Wild Animals Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Distrito de Rubião Junior DepartamentodeReproduçãoAnimaleRadiologiaVeterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Distrito de Rubião Junior Departmento de Anatomia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior

Para estudo morfométrico, topográfico, da forma e das artérias da glândula tireóide, utilizou-se 30 fetos de bovinos, Bos taurus taurus, sendo 15 machos e 15 fêmeas, provenientes do Frigorífico Novilho do Valle, de Jaboticabal - SP. Canalizou-se a aorta torácica, injetou-se solução de neoprene látex corada e fixou- se com formol a 10%. Como média, encontrou-se, respectivamente, para comprimento e largura, para o lobo direito 15,45 mm e 15,16 mm, para o lobo esquerdo 18,61 mm e 16,14 mm e para o istmo 11,52 mm e 5,91 mm. O lobo direito encontra-se em nível do 2o anel traqueal (80,00%), 3o (10,00%), 4o (6,67%), 6o (3,33%), o lobo esquerdo encontra-se em nível do 2o anel traqueal (66,67%), 3o (20,00%), 4o (3,33%), 5o (10,00%). O lobo direito recebe as artérias tireóideas cranial e caudal em 73,34% dos casos e somente a artéria tireóidea cranial em 26,66%. O lobo esquerdo recebe as artérias tireóideas cranial e caudal em 60,00% dos casos e somente a artéria tireóide cranial em 40,00%. A artéria tireóidea cranial direita emitiu ramos que variaram entre 1 e 12 ramos, tendo como maior frequência de 3 em 30,00% das amostras, para a esquerda este número variou entre 2 e 9 ramos, tendo como maior freqüência de 3 em 36,67% dos casos. Ainda encontrou-se que a artéria tireóidea cranial pode ser dupla em 3,33% das peças, tanto para o antímero direito quanto para o antímero esquerdo, porém em peças diferentes. A artéria tireóidea caudal direita emitiu vasos que variaram de 2 a 5 ramos, tendo como maior frequência de 2 em 30,00% das amostras, para a esquerda este número variou de 2 a 6 ramos, tendo como maior freqüência de 2 em 23,34% dos casos. Encontrou-se que a artéria tireóidea caudal direita pode ser dupla em 6,66% das peças, e a esquerda em 3,33% dos casos estudados. A forma da glândula tireóide variou de ovalada a triangular, tendo a forma ovalada ocorrido em 90,00% dos casos, em ambos os antímeros The aim of this study was to analyze some morphometric, morphologic and topographic parameters of the arterial blood supply for the thyroid gland in 30 bovine fetuses (Bos taurus taurus), 15 male and 15 female, coming from Novilho do Valle Slaughterhouse, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The thoracic aorta was canulated, latex neoprene colored solution was injected and specimens were fixed in a 10% formol solution. It was found that the mean length and width were, respectively, 15.45 mm and 15.16 mm for the right side, 18.61 mm and 16.14 mm for the left side, and 11.52 mm and 5.91 mm for the isthmus. The right side was found at level of the 2nd (80%), 3rd (10%), 4th (6.67%) or 6th (3.33%) traqueal rings. The left side was found at level of the 2nd (66.67%), 3rd (20%), 4th (3.33%) or 5th (10%) traqueal rings. The right side received the cranial and caudal thyroidea arteries in 73.34% of cases and only the cranial thyroidea artery in 26.66% of cases. The left side received the cranial and caudal thyroidea arteries in 60% of cases and only the cranial thyroidea artery in 40% of cases. The right cranial thyroidea artery gave off branches ranging from 1 to 12 twigs, with the highest frequency (3 branches) in 30% of the samples. For the left side, the range was from 2 to 9 branches, with the highest frequency (3 branches) in 36.67% of the cases. It was also found that the cranial thyroidea artery was double in 3.33% of the cases, in both the right and left sides, even so in different specimens. The caudal thyroidea artery gave off branches ranging from 2 to 5 twigs, with the highest frequency (2 branches) in 30% of the samples. For the left side, the range was from 2 to 6 branches, with the highest frequency (2 branches) in 23.34% of the cases. It was also found that the right caudal thyroidea artery was double in 6.66% of the cases while the left one was double in 3.33% of the studied specimens. Morphologically, the thyroid gland ranged from oval to the triangular shape, with the highest frequency (90% of the cases) in oval shape on both sides Dissertação (Mestrado)

Background: Anatomic and histological landmarks of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tendon insertion in the proximal nail matrix may be key aspects during surgery exposure in order to avoid permanent nail deformities. Objective: The main purpose was to determine the anatomic and histological features of the EDL&rsquo, s insertion to the proximal nail matrix of the second toe. Methods: A sample of fifty second toes from fresh-frozen human cadavers was included in this study. Using X25-magnification, the proximal nail matrix limits and distal EDL tendon bony insertions were anatomically and histologically detailed. Results: The second toes&rsquo, EDLs were deeply located with respect to the nail matrix and extended superficially and dorsally to the distal phalanx in all human cadavers. The second toe distal nail matrix was not attached to the dorsal part of the distal phalanx base periosteum. Conclusions: The EDL is located plantar and directly underneath to the proximal nail matrix as well as dorsally to the bone. The proximal edge of the nail matrix and bed in human cadaver second toes are placed dorsally and overlap the distal EDL insertion. These anatomic and histological features should be used as reference landmarks during digital surgery and invasive procedures.

Muscle coordination plays an important role in glenohumeral stability. The rotator cuff and the long head of the biceps are considered the primary dynamic stabilizers muscles. However, the fact that a subgroup of patients with a massive tear in the rotator cuff were able to keep a normal function, should make us question this traditional view. We hypothesize that the teres major which is also a monoarticular scapulohumeral muscle, although it is not part of the conjoined tendon of the rotator cuff, can play a role in glenohumeral stability by a direct support of the humeral head generated by the particular posteroanterior location of this muscle under the humeral head and which, as far as we know, has not been written up previously. This particular effect could appear while the arm is being lifted and the humeral head could be leaning on against the teres major muscle belly underneath it. An anatomical a radiological study was carried out to substantiate our hypothesis. Two cadaver specimens were used for the anatomical study. Frist body was studied through conventional dissection. The second body was analysed through sectional anatomy. Then a radiological study was carried out using magnetic resonance imaging in a healthy male volunteer. Both anatomically and radiologically, the anteroinferior surface of the humeral head was showed firmly resting against the muscle belly of the teres major, to the point of misshaping it from 110 degrees of arm elevation with external rotation. The specific contribution of this effect to the glenohumeral stability needs to be confirmed by further studies and can help us to prevent the high incidence of glenohumeral dislocations. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objective: This systematic literature reviews aimed to revisit radiographic observational studies the find out the potential influence of metopism in frontal sinus (FS) development. Methodology: Medline, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched. Only cross-sectional and case-control original studies were eligible. Two reviewers independently participated in each phase of this review. General, methodological and outcome-related information of each study were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool for observational studies. Based on the limitations of each study, recommendations were made following EQUATOR/STROBE guidelines. Results: Depicted in an adapted PRISMA flowchart, three-hundred and sixty-five studies were identified and seven (published between 1959-2019) remained for qualitative analysis. Without considering studies with overlapping samples, five-hundred and nine skulls with metopism were detected. FS aplasia reached a prevalence of nearly 13%. Four studies (three with overlapping samples) observed a tendency of FS underdevelopment in skulls with metopism, while three studies suggested the opposite. Higher risk of bias was found in the latter. Conclusion: The available and most recent scientific literature points toward an eventual influence of metopism in FS underdevelopment. Due to the study of overlapping samples and the lack of standardized reporting protocols of methods and outcomes, however, the evidence extracted in the present systematic literature review does not confirm the association of FS underdevelopment and metopism. Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura tuvo como objetivo revisar los estudios observacionales radiográficos para descubrir la posible influencia del metopismo en el desarrollo del seno frontal (SF). Metodología: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de Medline, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS y Web of Science. Solo fueron elegibles los estudios originales transversales y de casos y controles. Dos revisores participaron de forma independiente en cada fase de esta revisión. Se extrajo información general, metodológica y relacionada con los resultados de cada estudio. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta de evaluación crítica del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) para estudios observacionales. Con base en las limitaciones de cada estudio, se hicieron recomendaciones siguiendo las pautas de EQUATOR / STROBE. Resultados: Representado en un diagrama de flujo PRISMA adaptado, se identificaron trescientos sesenta y cinco estudios y siete (publicados entre 1959-2019) quedaron para el análisis cualitativo. Sin considerar estudios con muestras superpuestas, se detectaron quinientos nueve cráneos con metopismo. La aplasia FS alcanzó una prevalencia cercana al 13%. Cuatro estudios (tres con muestras superpuestas) observaron una tendencia de subdesarrollo de FS en cráneos con metopismo, mientras que tres estudios sugirieron lo contrario. En este último se encontró un mayor riesgo de sesgo. Conclusión: La literatura científica disponible y más reciente apunta hacia una eventual influencia del metopismo en el subdesarrollo del SF. Sin embargo, debido al estudio de muestras superpuestas y la falta de protocolos de informes estandarizados de métodos y resultados, la evidencia extraída en la presente revisión sistemática de la literatura no confirma la asociación del subdesarrollo del SF y el metopismo. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática da literatura teve como objetivo revisitar estudos observacionais radiográficos para descobrir a influência potencial do metopismo no desenvolvimento do seio frontal (FS). Metodologia: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados Medline, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science. Somente estudos originais transversais e de caso-controle foram selecionados. Dois revisores participaram independentemente de cada fase desta revisão. Informações gerais, metodológicas e relacionadas aos resultados de cada estudo foram extraídas. O risco de viés foi avaliado com a ferramenta de avaliação crítica do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para estudos observacionais. Com base nas limitações de cada estudo, as recomendações foram feitas seguindo as diretrizes EQUATOR / STROBE. Resultados: Descritos em um fluxograma PRISMA adaptado, trezentos e sessenta e cinco estudos foram identificados e sete (publicados entre 1959-2019) permaneceram para análise qualitativa. Sem considerar estudos com amostras sobrepostas, foram detectados quinhentos e nove crânios com metopismo. A aplasia de FS atingiu uma prevalência de quase 13%. Quatro estudos (três com amostras sobrepostas) observaram uma tendência de subdesenvolvimento do FS em crânios com metopismo, enquanto três estudos sugeriram o contrário (estes com maior risco de viés). Conclusão: A literatura científica disponível e mais recente aponta para uma eventual influência do metopismo no subdesenvolvimento da SF. No entanto, devido ao estudo de amostras sobrepostas e à falta de protocolos padronizados para a publicação de métodos e resultados, as evidências extraídas na presente revisão sistemática da literatura não confirmam a associação de subdesenvolvimento de SF e metopismo.

This systematic review (PROSPERO registration n.43640) aimed to summarise and determine the quality of evidence relating hip bone morphology to (i) hip strength, (ii) mobility and (iii) lower limb biomechanics during functional activities. A standardized search on MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus resulted in 17 papers that met inclusion criteria: i) original investigations with a minimal sample of n=10, ii) studies on humans and iii) presence of at least one quantitative hip morphological parameter and one hip functional (i.e. strength and mobility) and/or one lower limb biomechanical parameter. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool with adaptations. Sixteen out of the 17 included studies showed high risk of bias. We observed that primary evidence pointed to the influence of hip morphology on hip mobility in the transverse plane. Specifically, positive correlations between femoral anteversion angle and range of internal hip rotation in physical examination were observed. Regarding biomechanical parameters, no clear evidence of association between hip morphology, and kinematic and kinetic parameters were found. Our results point to a field that is currently under explored and future studies with low risk of bias addressing these relationships are required. Resumo Essa revisão sistemática (PROSPERO registro no 43640) tem por objetivo sintetizar e determinar a qualidade da evidência que relaciona morfologia do quadril à (i) força do quadril, (ii) mobilidade e (iii) biomecânica dos membros inferiores durante atividades funcionais. Uma busca padronizada no MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect e Scopus resultou em 17 artigos em acordo com os critérios de inclusão: i) estudos originais com amostra mínima de n=10; ii) estudos em humanos e iii) presença de no mínimo um parâmetro quantitativo da morfologia do quadril e um parâmetro funcional do quadril (ex.: mobilidade e força) e/ou um parâmetro biomecânico do membro inferior. A avaliação do risco de viés foi realizada através da ferramenta Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) com adaptações. Dezesseis dos 17 estudos incluídos apresentaram alto risco de viés. Observamos que a evidência primária aponta para influência da morfologia do quadril em sua mobilidade no plano transverso. Foram observadas, especificamente, correlações positivas entre o ângulo de anteversão femoral e a mobilidade de rotação interna do quadril durante o exame físico. Em relação aos parâmetros biomecânicos, não foram encontradas evidências claras sobre associação entre morfologia do quadril e parâmetros cinemáticos e cinéticos. Nossos resultados apontam para um campo atualmente subexplorado e investigações futuras com baixo risco de viés que avaliem essas relações são necessárias.

Fil: Bianchi, Homero Felipe. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Fundación Barceló; Argentina. Fil: Ottone, Nicolas Ernesto. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Fundación Barceló; Argentina. There is an infrequent disposition of the first metacarpal artery which results in an anastomosis with the common palmar digital artery of the second space, forming an anastomotic system between the deep radial system and the superficial ulnar system. The radial system in turn, through the first dorsal interosseous artery, anastomoses with a collateral of the common palmar digital artery of the second space, ending as the ulnar palmar digital artery of the thumb and establishing a second anastomotic system. A third anastomosis is established in one case, between the common palmar digital artery of the fourth space and the fourth metacarpal artery. To this may be added the classic anastomosis between the superficial branch of the ulnar artery and the deep branch of the radial artery, i.e. the deep palmar arch.

Purpose: to verify the occurrence of posterior or submucosal lingual frenulum and evaluate the efficiency of a special maneuver for its visual inspection. Methods: an experimental study including 1,715 healthy infants, in which prematurity, perinatal complications, craniofacial anomalies neurological disorders, and visible genetic syndromes were the exclusion criteria. A clinical examination was performed by means of a maneuver that consisted in rising the lateral margins of the tongue to visualize the anatomical characteristics of the lingual frenulum. In some of the infants, a special maneuver was performed to assist visualization of posterior lingual frenulum, since its visualization was not possible. The maneuver consisted in two simultaneous actions: elevating and pushing the tongue back. Results: 558 infants (32.54%), out of the 1,715 had posterior frenulum, which required the special maneuver that consisted in both elevating and pushing the tongue back, simultaneously. Conclusion: the occurrence of posterior lingual frenulum was high and the special maneuver consisted in elevating and pushing the tongue back proved to be efficient to visualize the posterior lingual frenulum. RESUMO Objetivos: verificar a ocorrência do frênulo lingual posterior ou submucoso, bem como, avaliar a eficiência de uma manobra que possibilita sua visualização. Métodos: estudo experimental realizado com 1715 lactentes saudáveis, sendo considerados como critérios de exclusão a prema turidade, as complicações perinatais, a presença de anomalias craniofaciais, as doenças neurológicas e as síndromes genéticas. Exame clínico realizado por meio da manobra de elevação da língua para observar as características anatômicas do frênulo lingual. Nos lactentes cuja visualização do frênulo não foi possível apenas com a referida manobra, pois o mesmo se encontrava recoberto por uma cortina de mucosa, foi utilizada uma manobra simultânea de elevação e posteriorização da língua. Resultados: dos 1715 lactentes avaliados, em 558 não foi possível visualizar o frênulo lingual somente por meio da manobra de elevação, pois os lactentes apresentaram frênulo posterior ou submucoso, havendo necessidade de realizar uma manobra simultânea de posteriorização da língua para visualização das características anatômicas. Conclusão: a ocorrência do frênulo posterior ou submucoso foi alta, sendo que a manobra de elevação e posteriorização da língua se mostrou eficiente para evidenciar o frênulo recoberto por cortina de mucosa.

Objectives To evaluate the tomographic distance between the sternoclavicular joints and the nearest hilar structures. Methods Computed tomography images (axial and sagittal slices) in 120 healthy individuals (60 men and 60 women) between 18 and 60 years old were prospectively analyzed. The distances from both sternoclavicular joints to the respective brachiocephalic veins, trachea, esophagus, and lung apexes were measured and related to age, sex, and body mass index. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the distance from the right and left sternoclavicular joint distances and the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, esophagus, and lung apexes. In women, both sides were closer to the noble structures. In patients with body mass index

Background Hemorrhages, mouth floor edema and tongue elevation are complications related to surgical procedures in the anterior region of the mandible. Objective The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence and location of the lingual foramen in the anterior region of the mandible and to evaluate mandibular morphology using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Material and method The mandible’s morphology and the location, diameter and height of the lingual foramina were analyzed using the midline and the mental foramen as references, in 278 CBCT. Result 88% of the sample had a midline lingual foramen, totaling 408 foramina, with a mean diameter of 0.93 mm. Foramina in the lingual region between the midline and mental foramina were detected in 75% of the sample, with a mean diameter of 0.807 mm. There was no positive correlation between the presence of lingual foramina in the lateral or in the midline regions (r = -0.149; p = 0.013). In the midline region, the type I mandibular shape was predominant (96%), and type III was predominant in the lateral regions. Conclusion Considering the prevalence of these structures and their clinical relevance in potential surgical complications, it is important to carefully analyze the anterior region of the mandible during surgical planning. Resumo Introdução Hemorragias, edema no assoalho bucal e elevação da língua são complicações relacionadas a procedimentos cirúrgicos na região anterior da mandíbula. Objetivo Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a presença e localização do forame lingual na região anterior da mandíbula e avaliar a morfologia mandibular utilizando tomografia computadorizada com feixe de cone (CBCT). Material e método A morfologia da mandíbula e a localização, diâmetro e altura do forame lingual foram analisados utilizando a medula e o forame mental como referências em 278 CBCT. Resultado 88% da amostra tinha um forame lingual da linha média, totalizando 408 forames, com um diâmetro médio de 0,93 mm. Na região lingual entre a linha média e forames mentais foram detectados em 75% da amostra, com um diâmetro médio de 0,807 mm. Não houve correlação positiva entre a presença de forames lingual nas regiões lateral ou na região média (r = -0,149; p = 0,013). Na região da linha média, a forma mandibular do tipo I era predominante (96%) e o tipo III predominava nas regiões laterais. Conclusão Considerando a prevalência dessas estruturas e sua relevância clínica em possíveis complicações cirúrgicas, é importante analisar cuidadosamente a região anterior da mandíbula durante o planejamento cirúrgico.

Objective: To describe the main anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and the hepatic artery at their origins. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective analysis of 100 consecutive computed tomography angiography studies of the abdomen performed during a one-year period. The findings were stratified according to classification systems devised by Sureka et al. and Michels. Results: The celiac trunk was "normal" (i.e., the hepatogastrosplenic trunk and superior mesenteric artery originating separately from the abdominal aorta) in 43 patients. In our sample, we identified four types of variations of the celiac trunk. Regarding the hepatic artery, a normal anatomical pattern (i.e., the proper hepatic artery being a continuation of the common hepatic artery and bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries) was seen in 82 patients. We observed six types of variations of the hepatic artery. Conclusion: We found rates of variations of the hepatic artery that are different from those reported in the literature. Our findings underscore the need for proper knowledge and awareness of these anatomical variations, which can facilitate their recognition and inform decisions regarding the planning of surgical procedures, in order to avoid iatrogenic intraoperative injuries, which could lead to complications. Resumo Objetivo: Relatar as principais variações anatômicas do tronco celíaco e da artéria hepática em sua origem. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisadas, de forma prospectiva, 100 angiotomografias abdominais consecutivas realizadas em serviço público no período de um ano. Os achados foram categorizados segundo a classificação de Sureka et al. e de Michels. Resultados: De um total de 100 pacientes, 43 tiveram tronco celíaco normal, ou seja, tronco hepatogastroesplênico e artéria mesentérica superior originando-se separadamente da aorta abdominal. Quatro tipos de variação do tronco celíaco foram encontrados em nosso trabalho. Oitenta e dois pacientes apresentaram o padrão de anatomia normal, ou seja, a artéria hepática originando-se da artéria hepática comum e bifurcando-se em artéria hepática direita e artéria hepática esquerda. Seis tipos de variação da artéria hepática foram encontrados em nosso estudo. Conclusão: O nosso trabalho apresenta índices de variações que diferem dos artigos encontrados na literatura. Esses achados chamam a atenção para a necessidade do conhecimento das variações anatômicas no nosso meio, colaborando e facilitando o seu reconhecimento, sua utilização no planejamento técnico operatório e evitando lesões inadvertidas que poderiam comprometer o resultado dos procedimentos médicos, levando a complicações.

Osteoporosis corresponds to a decrease in bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, causing bone fragility and risk of fractures. Although osteoporosis is four times more common in women than in men, they tend to have more complications with a higher risk of mortality after hip fracture. The silent nature of osteoporosis causes delays in early diagnosis, compromising adequate treatment. The objective was to evaluate bone morphometry and correlate morphometric indices between men and women, and between women of different age groups. The sample was divided into: men aged 65 to 75 years (A); women from 45 to 55 years (B1); women from 56 to 65 years (B2) and women from 66 to 75 years (B3). The morphometric indices Computed Tomography Cortical Index (CTCI), the Computerized Tomography Mental Index (MI), the Upper Mandibular Computerized Tomography Index (MCTI-U) and the Lower Mandibular Computed Tomography Index (MCTI-L) were analyzed by through the OnDemand3D software. There were significant differences between the different groups in MI, MCTI-L and MCTI-U and a high correlation between the indices. There was no difference in CTCI when used alone. There are differences in the bone structure of men and women, and between women of different age groups, and the quantitative and qualitative indices can be a useful tool in detecting patients with low bone density when used together for subsequent referral for bone densitometry and specialized medical treatment. La osteoporosis corresponde a la disminución de la masa ósea y deterioro de la microarquitectura del tejido óseo, lo que provoca fragilidad ósea y riesgo de fracturas. Aunque la osteoporosis es cuatro veces más común en mujeres que en hombres, tienden a tener más complicaciones con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad después de una fractura de cadera. La naturaleza silenciosa de la osteoporosis provoca retrasos en el diagnóstico precoz, comprometiendo un tratamiento adecuado. El objetivo fue evaluar la morfometría ósea y correlacionar índices morfométricos entre hombres y mujeres, entre mujeres de diferentes grupos de edad. La muestra se dividió en: hombres de 65 a 75 años (A); mujeres de 45 a 55 años (B1); mujeres de 56 a 65 años (B2) y mujeres de 66 a 75 años (B3). Los índices morfométricos Índice Cortical de Tomografía Computarizada (ICTC), Índice Mental de Tomografía Computarizada (IM), Índice de Tomografía Computarizada Mandibular Superior (ITCM-S) y el Índice de Tomografía Computarizada Mandibular Inferior (ITCM-I) fueron analizados por a través del software OnDemand3D. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos en IM, ITCM-I e ITCM-S y una alta correlación entre los índices. No hubo diferencias en ICTC cuando se usó solo. Existen diferencias en la estructura ósea de hombres y mujeres, y entre mujeres de diferentes grupos de edad, y los índices cuantitativos y cualitativos pueden ser una herramienta útil en la detección de pacientes con baja densidad ósea cuando se utilizan juntos para su posterior derivación para densitometría ósea y tratamiento médico especializado. A osteoporose corresponde à diminuição da massa óssea e deterioração micro-arquitetural do tecido ósseo, provocando fragilidade óssea e risco de fraturas. Apesar de a osteoporose ser quatro vezes mais comum em mulheres do que em homens, estes tendem a ter mais complicações com risco maior de mortalidade após fratura de quadril. A natureza silenciosa da osteoporose causa atrasos no diagnóstico precoce comprometendo um tratamento adequado. O objetivo foi avaliar a morfometria óssea e correlacionar os índices morfométricos entre homens e mulheres, e entre mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias. A amostra foi dividida em: homens de 65 a 75 anos (A); mulheres de 45 a 55 anos (B1); mulheres de 56 a 65 anos (B2) e mulheres de 66 a 75 anos (B3). Os índices morfométricos Índice Cortical da Tomografia Computadorizada (ICTC), o Índice Mentual de Tomografia Computadorizada (IM), o Índice de Tomografia Computadorizada Mandibular Superior (ITCM-S) e o Índice de Tomografia Computadorizada Mandibular Inferior (ITCM-I) foram analisados por meio do software OnDemand3D. Houve diferenças significativas entre os diferentes grupos no IM, ITCM-I e ITCM-S e alta correlação entre os índices. Não houve diferença no ICTC quando utilizado de forma isolada. Há diferenças na estrutura óssea de homens e mulheres, e entre mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias, e os Índices quantitativos e qualitativos podem ser uma ferramenta útil na detecção de pacientes com baixa densidade óssea quando utilizados em conjunto para o posterior encaminhamento para densitometria óssea e tratamento médico especializado.

The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of dystrophin protein, causing severe myopathy from increases of oxidative stress. Injuries of intestinal muscle can compromise the myenteric plexus. This study aimed to evaluate the disorders occurred in the muscular layer and in the acetylcholinesterase myenteric neurons (ACHE-r) of ileum of mdx mice, and the effects of supplementation with ascorbic acid (AA) in both components. 30 male mice C57BL/10, and 30 male mice C57BL/10Mdx were separated according to the age and treatment (n = 10/group): 30-days-old control group (C30); 30-days-old dystrophic group (D30); 60-days-old control group (C60); 60-days-old dystrophic group (D60); 60-days-old control group supplemented with AA (CS60); and 60-days-old dystrophic group supplemented with AA (DS60). The animals were euthanized and the ileum was collected and processed. Semi-serial sections were stained by Masson's trichrome, and acetylcholinesterase histochemical technique in whole-mounts preparations to identify the myenteric neurons. The muscular layer thickness and the area of smooth muscle of ileum were lower in dystrophic groups, especially in D30 group. The DS60 group showed the muscular layer thickness similar to C60. The density of ACHE-r neurons of myenteric plexus of ileum was lower in D30 animals; however, it was similar in animals of 60-days-old without treatment (C60 and D60) and, higher in DS60. The cell body profile area of ACHE-r neurons was similar in C30-D30 and C60-D60; however, it was higher in DS60. DMD caused damage to the ileum's musculature and myenteric plexus, and the AA prevented the ACHE-r neuronal loss.

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an essential neuromodulator involved with homeostatic regulation and motivated behaviors. The majority of MCH neurons are localized within the zona incerta, lateral hypothalamic and incerto-hypothalamic areas but others regions, as the olfactory turbecle, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the paramediam pontine reticular formation and the medial preoptic area, can also express the peptide depending on the gender and metabolic state of the animal. If the MCH on these novel sites of expression are also related with the control of wake-sleep cycle will be discuss in this review.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T15:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) For better evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy in treating painful diabetic neuropathy and in protecting nerve fiber damage, we conducted a study with type 1 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. It is well known that diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the leading cause of pain in those individuals who suffer from diabetes. Despite the efficacy of insulin in controlling glucose level in blood, there is no effective treatment to prevent or reverse neuropathic damage for total pain relief.Male Wistar rats were divided into saline, vehicle, and treatment groups. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (85 mg/kg) was administered for the induction of diabetes. The von Frey filaments were used to assess nociceptive thresholds (allodynia). Behavioral measurements were accessed 14, 28, 48, and 56 days after STZ administration. Rats were irradiated with GaAs Laser (Gallium Arsenide, Laserpulse, Ibramed Brazil) emitting a wavelength of 904 nm, an output power of 45 mWpk, beam spot size at target 0.13 cm(2), a frequency of 9500 Hz, a pulse time 60 ns, and an energy density of 6,23 J/cm(2).The application of four sessions of low-level laser therapy was sufficient to reverse allodynia and protect peripheral nerve damage in diabetic rats.The results of this study indicate that low-level laser therapy is feasible to treat painful diabetic condition in rats using this protocol. Although its efficacy in reversing painful stimuli and protecting nerve fibers from damage was demonstrated, this treatment protocol must be further evaluated in biochemical levels to confirm its biological effects. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Anat, Ave Prof Lineu Prestes 2415, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/24533-0

Introduction The successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. This process of identification is facilitated by the determination of age, gender, and ethnicity. One of the main biological traits to be established from skeletal remains is the gender of the individual. In situations in which there are fragmented and mutilated skeletal remains, gender determination is relatively difficult, and it becomes important to establish the accuracy of individual bones. The basal region of the occipital bone is covered by a large volume of soft tissue and is therefore in a relatively well-protected anatomical position and, as such, classification of gender using the occipital bone may prove to be useful in cases of significantly disrupted remains. The present study aims to describe and analyze the morphological aspects of the foramen magnum (FM) in the population of the northeastern region of Brazil. Material and Methods A total of 159 dry skulls (88 males and 71 females) were subjected to measurement by a digital caliper (DIGIMESS®, Instrumentos de Precisão Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil) and was assessed for anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), FM area, FM index (FMI), anterior, posterior and maximum lateral intercondylar distance. The measurement of all of these parameters sought to classify the FM in nine different types. Results The pentagonal type was the most found in males (11.31%), and the biconvex in females (18.86%). The less frequent type in males was the pear type (2.53%), and in females the less frequent types were the pentagonal and the heptagonal types (2.53% each). Using the traditional anthropological classification of Martin et al,13 the most common type of FM was the brachytrematous, with 49.68% of the total skulls. The APD, TD and FM area were higher in males than in females, only in the oval FM type. Conclusion The sexual dimorphism of the dimensions of the FM is established. However, there is a wide variability in the shape and measures in different populations, and to our knowledge this is the first study that shows the different types of the FM in the population of the northeastern region of Brazil.

The fibularis tertius muscle (FTM) is a rare anatomic variation. The prevalence of this exclusively human structure, which is found in the anterior compartment of the leg, is often underestimated, and it is believed that foot and ankle conditions are more difficult to manage in patients with an FTM. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of the FTM palpation and determine whether its presence is associated with an individual’s sex, because the exact prevalence in males and females is unclear. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out. The study included 481 people (23.49% men and 76.51% women) with a mean age of 23.51±5.369 years, who were recruited from a Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Clinic (Spain). Data on routine demographic and clinical factors were recorded, and the presence or absence of the FTM was determined based on surface visual or palpated localization of the tendon (using a consistent protocol). The FTM was present in 38.25% (184/ 481) of the participants. Furthermore, FTM were present in 38.6% (142/481) of females and 37.2% (42/481) of males. The study revealed that the presence of the FTM varies between individuals and does not depend on an individual’s sex. Significant differences in the prevalence of the FTM between countries should be carefully evaluated rather than generalizing the results of this Spanish study to other non-Spanish populations. Larger numbers of participants should be enrolled in future studies in order to meet the statistical criteria. Sin financiación 2.740 JCR (2019) Q2, 27/71 Multidisciplinary Sciences 1.023 SJR (2019) Q1, 10/145 Multidisciplinary No data IDR 2019 UEM

Durante la embriogénesis renal, ocurren fenómenos en su desarrollo que, de persistir en el adulto, se describen como variantes anatómicas. La presencia de arterias renales supernumerarias es una de variantes más frecuentes, pero la triplicidad de estas es rara. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reportar un caso de arterias renales supernumerarias derechas e izquierdas. El hallazgo se produjo durante una sesión de disección en los laboratorios docentes de anatomía humana de la universidad. El caso consiste en un bloque anatómico de cadáver femenino del cual se aisló el segmento urogenital. El mismo fue disecado en fresco por el método macroscópico directo y luego conservado en formol por el método de Thiel durante 10 días, para luego ser examinado y fotografiado. El bloque consta de dos riñones, derecho e izquierdo, con sus vasos arteriales y venosos unidos a la arteria aorta abdominal y vena cava inferior respectivamente. Las arterias renales halladas fueron cinco, mostrando una triplicidad de arterias renales derechas con duplicidad de izquierdas. Las arterias renales derechas presentan similar calibre y dos de sus ramas son arterias polares superiores, en el caso de las arterias izquierdas la superior presentó mayor calibre. Asociada a esta variante se encontró la vena renal izquierda en posición posterior a la arteria renal inferior izquierda. Es importante para la práctica médica conocer las posibles variantes vasculares renales que pueden presentarse, para efectuar correctos procedimientos diagnósticos radiológicos, así como las planificaciones preoperatorias adecuadas de intervenciones quirúrgicas. During renal embryogenesis, phenomena occur in its development that, if persist in adult age, will be described as anatomical variant. The presence of supernumerary renal arteries is one of the most frequent variants, but the triplicity of these is rare. The objective of this work is to report a case of right and left supernumerary renal arteries. This finding appeared during a dissection session at the university's laboratory of human anatomy. The report case consists on an anatomical block of a female cadaver from which the urogenital piece was isolated. It was dissected fresh by the direct macroscopic method and then preserved in formaldehyde by the Thiel’s method for 10 days, to be examined and photographed. The block consisted on two kidneys, right and left, with their arterial and venous vessels attached to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava respectively. After the initial examination, five renal arteries were found, including a triplicity of right renal arteries and duplicity of left one. The right renal arteries have a similar caliber, with two branches as superior polar arteries. In regard to the left arteries, the superior artery presented greater caliber. Associated to these variants, left renal vein was in a posterior position in relation to the artery. It is important for medical practice to know the possible renal vascular variants that may occur, to carry out correct radiological diagnostic procedures and to adequately plan preoperative surgical interventions.

SUMMARY OBJECT: To explore the treatment effect of the anterior medial neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: This prospective study included two female patients who were 30-64 years old, with a mean age of 47 years. Fractures were caused by falling from a bicycle. The time between the injury and operation was 1-2 days, with a mean time interval of 1.5 days. Two patients with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anterior neurovascular interval approach. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative and postoperative neurological and vascular complications or infections, and the fracture was united. At 12 months after the surgery, the patient returned to work without pain, and with a normal range of motion for elbow and forearm rotation. The X-rays revealed excellent fracture union, no signs of heterotopic ossification, and no traumatic arthritis. According to Mayo's evaluation standards for elbow function, a score of 100 is excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the anterior neurovascular interval approach of the elbow in the treatment of shear fracture of the articular surface of the distal humerus, particularly the trochlea of the humerus, can reduce the stripping of the soft tissue. RESUMO OBJETIVO: Explorar o efeito do tratamento com uma abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular médio para fraturas de cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo prospectivo incluiu duas pacientes do sexo feminino de 30-64 anos de idade, com idade média de 47 anos. As fraturas foram causadas por quedas de bicicleta. O tempo entre a lesão e a operação foi de 1-2 dias, com um intervalo de tempo médio de 1,5 dias. Duas pacientes com cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero foram tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna utilizando a abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular. RESULTADOS: Não houve complicações neurológicas e vasculares intra e pós-operatórias, nem complicações ou infecções, e a fratura foi unida. Após 12 meses da cirurgia, as pacientes retornaram ao trabalho sem dor e com uma amplitude normal de movimento de rotação do antebraço e cotovelo. Os raios-X revelaram excelente união das fraturas, sem sinais de ossificação heterotópica e sem artrite traumática. De acordo com as diretrizes da clínica Mayo para avaliação da função do cotovelo, uma pontuação de 100 é considerada excelente. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular do cotovelo no tratamento de uma fratura de cisalhamento da superfície articular da porção distal do úmero, especificamente da tróclea do úmero, pode reduzir o desgaste do tecido mole.

Introduction Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus may make it impossible to insert implants directly in the posterior region of the maxilla, and in these cases, the solution is to submit the patient to maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery. The most common complication of this surgery is sinus membrane perforation. Anatomical variations of the internal space of the sinus, such as the bone septa, may further hamper detachment of this membrane. Objective To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of sinus septa in patients from the Zona da Mata Mineira (Minas Gerais, Brazil), to offer relevant information for a safer planning of surgeries involving this region. Material and method A total of 120 patients (240 sinuses) were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, verifying the presence of sinus septa and classifying them for size and anteroposterior location. Result Of the 120 patients analyzed, 45 (37.50%) had sinus septa, 66 septa in total. Of these, 33 (50%) were present in the middle region of the maxillary sinus and the mean septum size was 7.23 mm. There was no significant difference in the septum size between the genders or between the right and left sides. Conclusion The high rates of incidence of sinus septa justify their study, which should be based mainly on accurate exams, such as CBCT, since they represent one of the most relevant anatomical variations for the cases of sinus surgeries. Resumo Introdução A pneumatização do seio maxilar pode impossibilitar a instalação direta de implantes na região posterior da maxila, e a solução nesses casos é submeter o paciente a uma cirurgia de levantamento do assoalho do seio maxilar. A complicação mais comum dessa cirurgia é a perfuração da membrana sinusal. Variações anatômicas no interior do seio como, por exemplo, os septos ósseos, podem dificultar ainda mais o descolamento dessa membrana. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e as características dos septos sinusais em pacientes da Zona da Mata Mineira (Minas Gerais, Brasil), oferecendo informações relevantes para um planejamento mais seguro das cirurgias envolvendo essa região. Material e método Um total de 240 seios (120 pacientes) foram analisados, por meio de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), verificando-se a presença de septos sinusais e classificando-os quanto ao tamanho e à localização anteroposterior. Resultado Dos 120 pacientes analisados, 45 (37,50%) apresentaram septos sinusais, sendo 66 septos no total. Destes, 33 (50%) estavam presentes na região média do seio maxilar e o tamanho médio dos septos foi de 7,23 mm. Não existiu diferença significativa no tamanho dos septos entre os sexos ou entre os lados direito e esquerdo. Conclusão As elevadas taxas de incidência dos septos sinusais justificam o seu estudo, que deve ser baseado principalmente em exames acurados, como a TCFC, uma vez que representam uma das variações anatômicas mais relevantes para os casos de cirurgias de levantamentos de seio.

Introduction Surface electromyographic activity may not be symmetric, even in subjects with no facial paralysis history. Objective To evaluate the contribution of the index of electromyographic (IEMG) activity in the identification of the two extremes of the facial paralysis course. Methods Thirty-four subjects with unilateral peripheral facial paralysis were selected. A control group was composed of volunteers without a history of facial paralysis. The electromyographic assessment of the facial muscle was performed by placing surface electrodes during movements of the forehead, eyes and lips using MIOTEC equipment, such as the MIOTOOL (Miotec, Porto Alegre, Brazil) software. The electromyographic activity was also recorded in other channels during the primary activity to identify the presence of synkinesis. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Macintosh (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The IEMG activity was obtained from the division of the electromyographic activity root mean square (RMS) values on both sides. Results There was a statistically significant difference among the groups in all the analyzed indexes. The ocular-oral synkinesis in all patients must be correctly identified (with 100% sensitivity and specificity) using an IEMG activity of 1.62 as a cutoff point. The oral-ocular synkinesis must be correctly identified (93.3% sensitivity and 95.9% specificity) using the IEMG activity of 1.79 as a cutoff point. Conclusion The IEMG activity is below the normal scores in patients in the flaccid stage, whereas patients in the sequelae stage can either show normal values or values above or below the normal scores. The IEMG activity was shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the identification of synkinesis.

The optic nerve (ON) is constituted by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These axons are distributed in an organized pattern from the soma of the RGC to the lateral geniculated nucleus (where most of the neurons synapse). The key points of the ON are the optic nerve head and chiasm. This chapter will include a detailed and updated review of the ON different parts: RGC axons, glial cells, connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa and the septum and the blood vessels derivate from the central retina artery and from the ciliary system. There will be an up-to-date description about the superficial nerve fibre layer, including their organization, and about prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, emphasizing the axoplasmic flow, glial barriers, biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and the role of the macro- and microglia in their working.

It has been related that only 7% of MCs are in contact with the mandible buccal cortex. This case report illustrates one mandibular canal with an atypical trajectory with fenestration at the buccal mandible cortex through a cone beam computed tomography exam from a 45 years old, Caucasian female patient, through ICat Vision® (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, PA) and InVivo software (Dental Anatomage, Version 5.1.10). This anatomic variation was not observed in the left side. Preoperative planning should consider a well-recommended cone beam computed tomography, which will allow identification of trajectory variations that are not visualized in panoramic radiographs.

Resumo Objetivou-se descrever a morfologia da língua do cervo do pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus), o maior cervídeo da fauna brasileira, pois poucas são as informações detalhadas sobre sua morfologia. Línguas e fragmentos linguais de oito cervos do pantanal, adultos, provenientes do Projeto Cervo-do-Pantanal de Porto Primavera foram analisados quanto aos seus aspectos macroscópicos e à microscopia de luz. A língua do cervo do pantanal ocupa grande parte da cavidade oral, onde a raiz e o corpo estão fixados caudalmente pelo osso hióide e, em sua porção média, pelo frênulo lingual; seu ápice, achatado e plano é livre; apresenta torus lingual pouco proeminente, não havendo delimitação da fossa lingual. Na superfície dorsal encontram-se as seguintes papilas: filiformes, cônicas, lenticulares, fungiformes e valadas. Histologicamente verificou-se que a mucosa reveste-se de epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado, a lâmina própria constitui-se de tecido conjuntivo, rico em fibras colágenas dispostas em várias direções, onde se verifica abundante vascularização, além de acúmulo de tecido linfático. Abstract The aim was to describe the morphology of the tongue of the Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus), the largest deer of the Brazilian fauna, since there is little detailed information on their morphology. Tongues of eight adult Marsh deers, belonging to Projeto cervo-do-pantanal de Porto Primavera were analyzed for their macroscopic aspects and by light microscopy. The Marsh deer tongue occupies most of the oral cavity, where the root and body are fixed caudally by the hyoid bone, and in its middle portion by the frenulum linguae; its free apex is flat and plane, has little prominent torus lingae and there is no demarcation of fossa linguae. The lateral and ventral surfaces are covered by a thin mucosa; however the dorsal surface is covered by thick mucosa, although soft. On the dorsal surface are the papillae: filiform, conical, lenticular, fungiform and vallate. Histologically was found that the mucosa has a stratified squamous epithelium, the lamina propria consists of connective tissue rich in collagen fibers arranged in several directions, where there is abundant vascularization and accumulation of lymphoid tissue.

Although digital angiography remains as the gold standard for imaging the celiac arterial trunk and hepatic arteries, multidetector computed tomography in association with digital images processing by software resources represents a useful tool particularly attractive for its non invasiveness. Knowledge of normal anatomy as well as of its variations is helpful in images interpretation and to address surgical planning on a case-by-case basis. The present essay illustrates several types of anatomical variations of celiac trunk, hepatic artery and its main branches, by means of digitally reconstructed computed tomography images, correlating their prevalence in the population with surgical implications.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of anatomical variations of celiac arterial trunk (CAT) branches and hepatic arterial system (HAS), as well as the CAT diameter, length and distance to the superior mesenteric artery. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and predominantly descriptive study based on the analysis of multidetector computed tomography images of 60 patients. Results: The celiac trunk anatomy was normal in 90% of cases. Hepatosplenic trunk was found in 8.3% of patients, and hepatogastric trunk in 1.7%. Variation of the HAS was observed in 21.7% of cases, including anomalous location of the right hepatic artery in 8.3% of cases, and of the left hepatic artery, in 5%. Also, cases of joint relocation of right and left hepatic arteries, and trifurcation of the proper hepatic artery were observed, respectively, in 3 (5%) and 2 (3.3%) patients. Mean length and caliber of the CAT were 2.3 cm and 0.8 cm, respectively. Mean distance between CAT and superior mesenteric artery was 1.2 cm (standard deviation = 4.08). A significant correlation was observed between CAT diameter and length, and CAT diameter and distance to superior mesenteric artery. Conclusion: The pattern of CAT variations and diameter corroborate the majority of the literature data. However, this does not happen in relation to the HAS. Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de variações anatômicas da ramificação do tronco arterial celíaco (TAC) e do sistema arterial hepático (SAH), o diâmetro e comprimento do TAC e sua distância para a artéria mesentérica superior. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, predominantemente descritivo, baseado na análise de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de 60 pacientes. Resultados: A anatomia do TAC foi normal em 90% dos casos. Cinco (8,3%) pacientes apresentaram o tronco hepatoesplênico e um (1,7%) apresentou o tronco hepatogástrico. O SAH variou em 21,7% dos casos. Desses, 8,3% foram na localização anômala da artéria hepática direita e 5% da artéria hepática esquerda. Ainda foram encontrados 3 (5%) casos de relocalização conjunta da artéria hepática direita e artéria hepática esquerda e 2 (3,3%) de trifurcação da artéria hepática própria. A média de comprimento e o calibre médio do TAC foram, respectivamente, 2,33 cm e 0,8 cm. A distância média entre o TAC e a artéria mesentérica superior foi 1,2 cm, com desviopadrão de 4,08. Houve correlação significativa entre diâmetro e comprimento do TAC, e diâmetro do TAC e distância deste para a artéria mesentérica superior. Conclusão: O padrão de variação do TAC e seu diâmetro corroboram a maioria dos dados da literatura, embora o mesmo não tenha ocorrido em relação ao SAH.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:33:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2015001300021.pdf: 1104768 bytes, checksum: cd29510df629a030eb1c3ccd36db04d2 (MD5) This study aimed to describe the muscles of the pelvic limb of paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) through anatomical dissection of this region. We used ten adult pacas, males and females, weighing 5 to 10 kg from the group of pacas at the sector of wild animals of FCAV, Unesp-Jaboticabal, SP. The animals were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and preserved in 30% saline solution for anatomical dissection of the pelvis, thigh and leg musculature, with identification of the origin and the insertion of each muscle. Photos were taken and the results were discussed based on the domestic animal, rat and guinea pig literature. In general, the paca musculature resembles the one of domestic animals and other rodents; but some variance in origin and insertion of each muscle and in the fusion of some muscular groups of the bellies was observed. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Faculdade Ingá Unidade de Ensino Superior Ingá (Uningá), Rodovia PR-317 no.6114, Parque Industrial Duzentos Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

To put forward an anatomical description of the innervation of the elbow capsule, illustrated through morphological analysis on dissections.Thirty elbows from fresh fixed adult cadavers aged 32-74 years, of both sexes, were dissected.Among the dissected arms, we observed that the median nerve did not have any branches in two arms, while it had one branch in five arms, two branches in two arms, three branches in ten arms, four branches in nine arms and five branches in two arms. The radial nerve did not have any branches in two arms, while it had one branch in two arms, two branches in nine arms, three branches in ten arms, four branches in five arms and five branches in two arms. The ulnar nerve did not have any branches in three arms, while it had one branch in six arms, two branches in four arms, three branches in five arms, four branches in seven arms, five branches in four arms and six branches in one arm.We observed branches of the radial, ulnar and medial nerves in the elbow joint, and a close relationship between their capsular and motor branches.Promover a descrição anatômica da inervação da cápsula do cotovelo com ilustração por meio da morfologia das dissecações.Foram dissecados 30 cotovelos de cadáveres adultos frescos e fixados, com idade entre 32 e 74 anos, de ambos os sexos.Observamos, dentre os braços dissecados, dois com nenhum ramo do nervo mediano, cinco com um ramo, dois com dois ramos, 10 com três ramos, nove com quatro ramos e dois com cinco ramos. Quando se trata do nervo radial, dois braços não apresentaram ramos, dois mostraram dois ramos, nove continham dois ramos, 10 contaram com três ramos, cinco tinham quatro ramos e dois tinham cinco ramos. Em relação ao nervo ulnar, tivemos três braços sem ramos articulares, seis com um ramo, quatro com dois ramos, cinco com três ramos, sete com quatro ramos, quatro com cinco ramos e um com seis ramos.Constatamos ramos do nervo radial, ulnar e medial na articulação do cotovelo, assim como a relação próxima entre os seus ramos capsulares e motores.

To evaluate the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral insertion in order to describe its anatomical features and insertion site location, with the aim of verifying if the ACL femoral insertion has individual characteristics and to provide information for appropriate femoral tunnel placement on anatomic ACL reconstruction.Sixteen knees obtained from amputations were studied. The ACL femoral bundles and insertion shape were observed macroscopically, and the ligaments insertion length and thickness were measured with a digital caliper. The distances between the limits of the ligament to the articular cartilage, and the measurement of the area of insertion were checked using ImageJ software.The ACL femoral insertion site was eccentric, closer to the deep condyle cartilage. In ten knees (62.5%), the ACL femoral insertion was oval; the mean length of the insertion was 16.4 mm, varying from 11.3 to 19.3 mm, the mean thickness varied from 7.85 to 11.23 mm, and the mean area of the insertion was 99.7 mmThere was a 30% to 40% difference between the minimum and maximum results of measurements of ACL femoral insertion length, thickness, and area demonstrating an important individual variation. The insertion site was eccentric, closer to the deep cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle.Avaliar os aspectos morfológicos da inserção femoral do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) para definir suas características anatômicas e a localização de seu sítio de inserção, com a finalidade de verificar se essa inserção tem características individuais e para prover informações para o posicionamento adequado do túnel femoral na reconstrução anatômica do LCA.Foram examinados 16 joelhos originados de amputações. Nesses, foram observados macroscopicamente o número de bandas e o formato das inserções ligamentares. Foram medidos, com um paquímetro digital, o comprimento e a espessura dessas inserções. As distâncias entre os limites do ligamento e a cartilagem articular e a medida da área de inserção ligamentar foram avaliadas com oA localização do sítio de inserção ligamentar do LCA no côndilo femoral lateral foi excêntrica, mais próxima da cartilagem condilar profunda. Em dez joelhos (62,5%) as inserções foram ovais; o comprimento médio das inserções foi de 16,4 mm, variou de 11,3 a 19,3 mm; a espessura variou de 7,85 a 11,23 mm (média de 9,62). A área média das inserções foi de 99,7 mmHouve uma diferença de 30% a 40% entre os resultados mínimo e máximo das mensurações do comprimento, da espessura e da área das inserções femorais do LCA, evidenciou uma variação individual importante. O sítio de inserção do LCA foi excêntrico, mais próximo da cartilagem articular profunda do côndilo femoral lateral.

Introduction The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, tissue-specific 3-dimensional network that controls cell processes. ECMs derived from various organs are used to produce biological scaffolds comparable to the native microenvironment. Although placentas are often overlooked, they offer a rich ECM for tissue engineering, especially the hemochorial placentas from rodents and lagomorphs that resemble the ones from humans. Methods Here we established a protocol for decellularization and investigated the ECM in native and decellularized placentas of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Results Effective decellularization were achieved by immersion in 0.25% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for 3 days, resulting in an intact ECM, while cells or nuclei were absent. All species had a high diversity of ECM components that varied between areas. Discussion Dense fibrous networks in the junctional zone were strongly positive to collagen I, III and IV, fibronectin, and laminin ECM markers. Noticeable response were also found for the decidua, especially along the maternal vessels. The labyrinth had thin fibers strongly positive for fibronectin and laminin, but not much for collagens. In conclusion, we established an effective protocol to obtain biological scaffolds from animal models with hemochorial placentas that possessed promising values for future purposes in Regenerative Medicine.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:36:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772018000200085.pdf: 904955 bytes, checksum: f30b15bdcae49bcd6011ed8ff67f2d4d (MD5) ResumoObjetivoO presente trabalho objetiva verificar a prevalência e classificação das alterações do canal da mandíbula por meio de exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico nos diferentes tipos faciais. O trabalho foi submetido e aprovado ao comitê de ética e pesquisa através do parecer n˚ 2.065.839.Material e métodoA amostra foi composta por 90 tomografias, divididas em três grupos de acordo com os tipos faciais, braquicefálico, dólicocefálico e mesocefálico. Todas as imagens foram obtidas no banco de dados da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas-SP.ResultadoDos 90 pacientes pesquisados, 23 apresentaram os canais da mandíbula bífidos, ou seja, 25,6% da amostra total. Desses, 60,9% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e 39,1% ao sexo feminino. Em 39,1% o direcionamento era para região retromolar (classe D), enquanto em 21,7%, a trajetória era no sentido alveolar ou superior (classe C). Com menor proporção, 13,1% foi constatada a classificação C-E. Para as demais classificações encontradas (A, E, F e A-E), as frequências foram na faixa de 8,7% a 4,3%. Em nenhum dos 23 casos de bifurcação do canal da mandíbula foi encontrada classificação (B), ou seja, em direção mesial.ConclusãoDe acordo com os resultados obtidos nesse estudo, encontrou-se uma prevalência de 25,6% de canais da mandíbula bífidos, o tipo de canal bífido mais prevalente foi classe D para região retromolar e a maior ocorrência dos canais mandibulares bífidos foi unilateral esquerda. Quando avaliada a ocorrência dos canais da mandíbula bífidos em relação aos tipos faciais, os pacientes braquifaciais foram os mais acometidos. AbstractObjetiveThe aim of this study is to establish the prevalence and classification of mandibular canal alterations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in different facial types. This research was submitted and approved by the research ethics committee, registration number 2.065.839.Material and methodThe sample consisted of 90 CBCTs from the São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School database (Campinas-SP), divided into three groups according to brachycephalic, dolichocephalic and mesocephalic facial types.ResultOf the 90 patients, 23 presented bifid mandible canals (25.6%), of which 60.9% were in males and 39.1% in females. In 39.1%, the canal bifurcation occurred towards the retromolar region (class D), 21.7% had a trajectory to an alveolar or upper direction (class C) and 13.1% were classified as C-E. For the remaining classifications (A, E, F and A-E), the frequencies were in the range of 8.7% to 4.3%. None of the 23 cases of mandibular canal bifurcation was classified as B (mesial direction).ConclusionAccording to the results obtained from this study, the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 25.6%, with class D being the most prevalent for the retromolar region and the highest occurrence was unilaterally on the left side. When evaluating the occurrence of bifid mandibular canals in relation to facial types, brachycephalic patients were the most affected. São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade de Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia

In recent years, there has been increasing demand for personalized anatomy modelling for medical and industrial applications, such as ergonomics device development, clinical radiological exposure simulation, biomechanics analysis, and 3D animation character design. In this study, we constructed deformable torso phantoms that can be deformed to match the personal anatomy of Chinese male and female adults. The phantoms were created based on a training set of 79 trunk computed tomography (CT) images (41 males and 38 females) from normal Chinese subjects. Major torso organs were segmented from the CT images, and the statistical shape model (SSM) approach was used to learn the inter‐subject anatomical variations. To match the personal anatomy, the phantoms were registered to individual body surface scans or medical images using the active shape model method. The constructed SSM demonstrated anatomical variations in body height, fat quantity, respiratory status, organ geometry, male muscle size, and female breast size. The masses of the deformed phantom organs were consistent with Chinese population organ mass ranges. To validate the performance of personal anatomy modelling, the phantoms were registered to the body surface scan and CT images. The registration accuracy measured from 22 test CT images showed a median Dice coefficient over 0.85, a median volume recovery coefficient (RC (vlm)) between 0.85 and 1.1, and a median averaged surface distance (ASD)