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Background and Aim: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are one of the nanoscale materials that by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and apoptosis may have cytotoxic effects on the reproductive system and endanger male fertility. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of N-acetylcysteine on sperm and biochemical parameters in mice treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: 24 adult male NMRI mice with average weight (35.45 ± 2.11 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) of control, zinc oxide nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg) and N-acetylcysteine + zinc oxide nanoparticles and treated intraperitoneally for 28 days. Then the mice were anesthetized and their left epididymis was used to evaluate sperm parameters (number, motility and viability). In addition, serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Differences among mean values were considered significant at p

Background and Objectives: Tooth decay is the most common chronic oral disease that can be caused by the long-term use of oral liquid medications. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the carcinogenic potential of three common supplements syrups on deciduous teeth in pediatric dentistry. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 18 extracted healthy deciduous teeth were randomly divided into three groups including the first group of Osteocare, the second group of Feroglobin, and the third group of Kindermulti. The amount of micro-hardness of the teeth was measured using the Vickers hardness testing machine on the first day and after 28 days. The pH of the supplements was measured by a digital pH meter. Comparison of groups was performed by one-way analysis of variance and paired t-test using. Results: The test results showed that after 28 days of immersion, the mean micro-hardness in the groups of Feroglobin, Osteocare, and Kindermulti was not statistically significant. The mean micro-hardness of the Osteocare group was different on the first day and day 28 and the amount of micro-hardness in this group was decreased during 28 days. Conclusions: According to the results, Osteocare had the most cariogenic potential. Feroglobin and Kindermulti have a slight cariogenicity that can be ignored. The type of sugar and the number of times the supplement is used have a greater effect on caries than the minerals in the supplement.

Background and Objective: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and also the biggest health problem in all countries. The world health organization has called it a silent epidemic. Self-care is one of the most important factors in controlling blood sugar in diabetics’ patients. This study was done to determine the relationship between self-care and glycosylated hemoglobin level diabetic patients in rural area in Golestan Province, northern Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 239 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes (56.92±10.70 years) in rural area in Golestan Province, northern Iran during 2016. Data collection tool were a standard diabetes self-care questionnaire with demographic variables and HbA1C test. Completion of data and sampling was done by referring to the health center and calling patients. Results: There was no significant relationship between glycemic controls with any of the self-care items studied. Mean of HbA1c was 8.23±1.85%. 97 patients (40.6%) had good blood sugar control (less than 7.5%). Patientchr('39')s self-care had a mean of 3.58, of which the highest score was related to the dietary regimen (6.60) and the lowest was related to self-monitoring of blood glucose (0.88) and regular physical activity (2.3). Conclusion: Self-care of the patients was moderate. Interventions to increase self-care of patients are recommended in this area.

Background: In medical sciences, commitment to lifelong learning has been expressed as an important element. Today, due to the rapid development of medical information and technology, lifelong learning is critical for safe medical care and development in medical research. JeffSPLL is one of the scales for measuring lifelong learning among the staff of medical sciences that has never been used in Iran. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the factor structure and reliability of the Persian version of JeffSPLL among Persian-speaking staff of universities of medical sciences in Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, methodologically, that was conducted in 2012-2013. In this study, 210 staff members of Birjand University of Medical Sciences were selected. Data collection tool was the Persian version of JeffSPLL. To investigate the factor structure of this tool, confirmatory factor analysis was used and to evaluate the model fit, goodness-of-fit indices, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the ratio of chi-square to the degree of freedom associated with it, comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square residual (RMR) were used. To investigate the reliability of tool, Cronbach's alpha was employed. Data analysis was conducted using LISREL8.8 and SPSS 20 software. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that RMSEA was close to 0.1, and CFI and GFI were close to one. Therefore, four-factor model was appropriate. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 for the whole tool and it was between 0.82 and 0.89 for subscales. Conclusion: The present study verified the four-factor structure of the 19-item Persian version of JeffSPLL that included professional learning beliefs and motivation, scholarly activities, attention to learning opportunities, and technical skills in information seeking among the staff. In addition, this tool has acceptable reliability. Therefore, it was appropriate to assess lifelong learning in the Persian-speaking staff population.

Introduction: Today, the importance of students’ education as lifelong learners is taken seriously and its development is considered in all suggestions for improving medical education. Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning-Medical Students (JeffSPSLL-MS) is one of the lifelong learning measures which has not been implemented in Iran yet. This study aimed to investigate factor structure and reliability of the Persian version of JeffSPLL-MS among Iranian Persian speaking students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 430 students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences who were selected through stratified random sampling. The data were collected by Persian version of JeffSPLL-MS. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor structure of JeffSPLL-MS the adequacy of model fit was assessed by the goodness-of-fit index, adjusted goodness-of-fit index, the root mean square error of approximation, chi-square index and its corresponding degrees of freedom, and comparative fit index. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability. Results:The goodness of fit indices including RMSEA approximated 0.1 and GFI and CFI approximated 1 therefore the fit of model was good. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor structure of Persian version of JeffSPLL-MS had acceptable fit to the data. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.69 for the whole tool it ranged from 0.64 to 0.78 for the subscales. Conclusion:This study confirmed the three-factor structure of 14-item Persian version of JeffSPLL-MS including beliefs related to education and motivation, information search skills, and attention to learning opportunities. Therefore, this tool seems to be appropriate for assessing lifelong learning among Persian speaking students.

مقدمه: مطالعات متعددی برای فراهم کردن تعداد کافی سلول‌های عصبی جهت درمان آسیب‌های نورودژنراتیو انجام شده است. سلول‌های بنیادی جدا شده از بافت چربی، میزان تکثیر و مقاومت زیادی نسبت به آپوپتوز دارند. این سلول‌ها، قابلیت تمایز به دودمان‌های مختلف سلولی از قبیل سلول‌های عصبی را دارند. هیدروژل آلژینات، پلیمر پلی‌ساکاریدی است که دارای ویژگی‌های مناسبی از قبیل زیست‌سازگاری و عدم تحریک سیستم ایمنی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه، تأثیر هیدروژل آلژینات بر میزان بقا و بیان نشانگرهای عصبی سلول‌های حاصل از تمایز سلول‌های بنیادی جدا شده از بافت چربی انسانی بررسی شد. روش‌ها: سلول‌های بنیادی جدا شده از بافت چربی انسانی در محیط کشت عصبی القا و سپس در هیدروژل آلژینات انکپسوله شدند. میزان رشد و تمایز سلول‌ها به ترتیب با استفاده از ارزیابی Doubling time و Real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real time RT-PCR) 7 روز پس از انکپسوله کردن سلول‌ها بررسی شد. آنالیز داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون One way-ANOVA انجام گردید. یافته‌ها: میزان رشد سلول‌های انکپسوله در هیدروژل آلژینات، کاهش معنی‌داری را نسبت به گروه شاهد نشان داد (001/0 > P). در حالی که میانگین بیان ژن‌های GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)، Nestin و MAP2 (Microtubule-associated protein 2) در سلول‌های انکپسوله در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت (001/0 > P). نتیجه‌گیری: اگر چه سرعت تکثیر سلول‌های انکپسوله در هیدروژل آلژینات، در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت، اما هیدروژل آلژینات می‌تواند باعث افزایش تمایز عصبی سلول‌های انکپسوله شود.

مقدمه: هیدروژل‌ها محیط سه بعدی مناسبی را برای کشت انواع مختلف سلول‌ها فراهم می‌کنند و انکپسوله کردن سلول در هیدروژل‌ها روش مناسبی جهت استفاده در مهندسی بافت است. آلژینات، هیدروژل زیست سازگاری است که سیستم مناسبی برای انکپسوله کردن سلول‌ها فراهم می‌کند. به علاوه، سلول‌های بنیادی جدا شده از بافت چربی، سلول‌های بنیادی مزانشیمی هستند که ممکن است منبع مناسبی از سلول‌ها جهت استفاده در سلول درمانی به صورت اتولوگ باشند. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه سرنوشت سلول‌های بنیادی جدا شده از بافت چربی انکپسوله در هیدروژل آلژینات را که به مدت یک هفته در محیط کشت القای عصبی کشت شدند، بررسی شد. با استفاده از روش MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] و تکنیک ایمنوسیتوشیمی به ترتیب میزان تکثیر و تمایز عصبی این سلول‌ها بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: افزایش معنی‌داری در میانگین درصد سلول‌های GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)، Nestin و 2MAP (2Microtubule-associated protein) مثبت و کاهش معنی‌داری در میزان تکثیر و بقای سلول‌های انکپسوله در مقایسه با سلول‌های کشت تک لایه مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: هیدروژل آلژینات می‌تواند محیط مناسبی برای تمایز عصبی سلول‌های بنیادی جدا شده از بافت چربی فراهم کند.

Background: Domestic violence (DV) against women is often hidden, repeated and prolonged. DV is both a direct and an indirect risk factor for physical and mental health problems, and is associated with increased health care utilization. Husbands' violence against wives not only affects the person and her family, but the society as a whole. Methods: In a cross sectional case series study, 100 women of Bushehr Province with the experience of DV were evaluated in 1999. A questionnaire was filled out by interview. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, and controlling behavior aspects of DV were evaluated. Results: All the subjects had experienced the three types of DV. The duration of DV was more than two years in more than half of the participants. 50.6 % of them had experiences of severe and very severe violence. Social isolation (38%), headache (50%), nightmares (25%), misbehavior with children (39%), and irritability (32%) were the most common sequelae. Being fearful of losing their children (23%), shamed by what is happening to them (19%) and low information level (17%) were the most common reasons that they hid their condition regarding DV. Conclusion: The present study indicates the severity and long duration of domestic violence, including symptoms of physical and psychological diseases, in the studied subjects in Bushehr Province.