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Objective: to evaluate the beneficial role of Nebivolol on bone formation in Experimental model of rat. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun-Aug 2020 Methodology: Fourteen (14) rats of the Sprague Dawley variety were obtained for the study. The bone defect was made in each rat's upper quadrant of the right femur shaft by surgical intervention.1-2mm bone defect was created using a Dental Engine motor, avoiding any injury to muscles or other areas of bone. Rats were divided into two equal groups. The Disease Control Group was labelled as Group-A, which was restricted to normal drinking water and feed for three weeks after surgery. Nebivolol-Group was tagged as Group-B, given Nebivolol (2.5mg/kg) once daily (OD) for three weeks starting postop Day 1. Rats included in the study were sacrificed at the end of the three weeks, and their right femurs were collected in sample jars for radiography and histopathology. Results: The radiographic scores, as well as the histopathology scores, were analyzed. Results depicted noteworthy differences between Group-A and Group-B and found to be highly significant (p-value

Objective: To evaluate the chondroprotective effects of hyaluronic acid in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Study Design: Laboratory based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in alliance with National Institute of health, Islamabad and Department of Pathology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, from Apr to Jun 2019. Methodology: Sixteen (16) rats of Sprague Dawley breed were procured in this study. Osteoarthritis was induced in right knee joint of rats by surgical resection of medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament. They were allocated into two (02) groups with eight (08) rats in both groups. Group-I was control group that was treated with 0.2 ml intra articular saline once weekly for four weeks. While group-II was treatment group that was intra particularly administered with 0.2ml hyaluronic acid once weekly for four weeks. One week after the last dosage, gait pattern of the animals was scored. Then animals were sacrificed and a part of proximal tibia was obtained for histopathologic analysis. Results: Mean gait score of control group and treatment group was 3.25 ± 0.707 and 1.00 ± 0.756 respectively with a statistically significant p-value of

Objective: To assess the gastroprotective effect of montelukast on aspirin induced gastric mucosal ulceration in rabbits. Study Design: Laboratory based quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Health Islamabad and department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Histopathology department at Army Medical College Rawalpindi from March to May 2018. Methodology: Twenty eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group 1 was normal control group, group 2 received aspirin as a single dose of 300mg/kg orally on day 6 of the study, group 3 and 4 received omeprazole and montelukast respectively on a similar dosing schedule: where a total of 10mg/kg/day of each respective drug was administered orally for 6 consecutive days followed by a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg of aspirin after 1 hour of the last dose. All animals were sacrificed 5 hours after aspirin administration. The abdomens were dissected and the gastric tissues were excised for macroscopic, ulcer index and pH evaluation and were sent for histopathology for microscopic assessment. Results: Moderate to severe gastric mucosal damage (grade II-III) was seen in the aspirin treated toxic group, with considerable increase in ulcer index and decrease in pH (p

Objective: To determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on HbA1c in individuals with pre- diabetes Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was executed in department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Chemical Pathology department, Army Medical College and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019. Methodology: One hundred and forty individuals with pre-diabetes and co-existing hypovitaminosis D3 were selected, with serum 25(OH) D (

Objective: To evaluate the role of oral ondansetron as an effective measure to facilitate oral rehydration in acute gastroenteritis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trail. Place and Duration of Study: Army medical college, Military hospital Rawalpindi, from Mar 2017 to Sep 2017. Material and Methods: One hundred and forty children with clinical diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis with mild to moderate dehydration were randomized into two equal groups. Group 1 was treated according to the WHO criteria with only ORS in a dose of 75ml/kg body weight. Group 2 received ondansetron before ORS as a single oral dose of 0.2mg/kg body weight. Results: The difference between improvement in drinking ability and hydration status between the two groups was highly significant (p