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Background and Aim: Despite identification of the antinociceptive effects of rosemary and peppermint essential oils, use of these essential oils has been limited due to its low solubility in water and low bioavailability. Use of nanoparticles is one of the ways to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of nano-emulsions containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils in an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study nano-emulsions containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. In order to investigate the analgesic effect, 30 male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: sham (receiving saline injection into the knee), osteoarthritis(receiving intra-articular injection of 2 mg monosodiumiodoacetate), OA (receiving gels containing nano-emulsion, or rosemary and peppermint essential oil or diclofenac sodium). Treatments were administered topically at a dose of 1 ml daily. Mechanical and thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests were performed on the 1st, 4th , 7th and 14th days after injection. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: OA group showed a significant increased behavioral response to the mechanical and thermal stimuli on all days of the experiment compared to the control group (P

Background and Aim: Despite identification of the antinociceptive effects of rosemary and peppermint essential oils, use of these essential oils has been limited due to its low solubility in water and low bioavailability. Use of nanoparticles is one of the ways to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of nano-emulsions containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils in an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study nano-emulsions containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. In order to investigate the analgesic effect, 30 male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: sham (receiving saline injection into the knee), osteoarthritis(receiving intra-articular injection of 2 mg monosodiumiodoacetate), OA (receiving gels containing nano-emulsion, or rosemary and peppermint essential oil or diclofenac sodium). Treatments were administered topically at a dose of 1 ml daily. Mechanical and thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests were performed on the 1 st, 4th , 7th and 14th days after injection. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: OA group showed a significant increased behavioral response to the mechanical and thermal stimuli on all days of the experiment compared to the control group (P

Abstract Background: Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that affects on the patient’s quality of life. Use of herbal instead of synthetic drugs recently has been increased due to side effects of synthetic drugs and herbal effective components. Flavonoids are herbal compounds that have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Because Allium cepa L. has a great amount of flavonoids, this study has been designed to evaluate analgesic effects of alcoholic extract of Allium cepa L. on neuropathic pain behavior in chronic constriction injury model in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI model) in Rats. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 for each): Sham, CCI model, receiving red onion hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg and a group receiving gabapentin (100 mg/kg). Red onion extract and gabapentin were administered by gavage for 21 days. Using thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical and thermal allodynia tests, the analgesic effects of extract have been measured. Results: Findings of this study revealed that CCI surgery on rats induced hyperalgesia, mechanical and thermal allodynia. Daily intakes of alcoholic extract of red onion and gabapentin significantly increase the paw withdrawal latency; increase the threshold to mechanical allodynia and decrease in response to acetone. Conclusion: Oral use of alcoholic extract of Allium cepa L. reduces neuropathic pain behavior in CCI model in rats.

Background and Objectives: Various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson, Alzheimer, and dementia lead to impairment in learning and memory. Several studies have been performed to investigate the effects of medicinalal plants on improvement of learning and memory and prevention of these disorders. In the present study, the effect of alcoholic extract of Morus Alba leaves was investigated on learning and spatial memory in male rats. Methods: This study was performed on 32 male Wistar rats. Animals were assigned to four groups, including control group and 3 groups receiving alcoholic extract of Morus Alba leaves at doses of 100, 200, and 400mg/kg. This extract was daily administered by gavage. After one month, learning and spatial memory were evaluated by Morris water maze. Results: Administration of alcoholic extract of Morus Alba at all doses led to improvement of learning process in rats. Also, this extract at the dose of 400mg/kg improved spatial memory in rats. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that administration of alcoholic extract of Morus Alba leads to increases in learning and consolidation of spatial memory in healthy rats.