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Background & Objectives: Mesio-distal tooth size-arch length discrepancy is one of the major sources of malocclusion. Accurate prediction of space required for unerupted tooth can help in early interception of developing malocclusion. Various methods has been proposed for prediction of mesio-distal tooth size however accuracy of such methods in population groups other than that on which these methods are based remains questionable. The aims and objectives of this study were to test the reliability of Moyer’s and Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis in Nepalese population, to construct prediction tables for Nepalese population if these methods were found not reliable.Materials & Methods: Study models of 77 subjects (31 males,46 females) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archive. Tooth dimensions were measured using electronic digital caliper. Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston methods were applied to predict the mesio- distal tooth size of canines and premolars. The predicted values were compared with the actual mesio-distal mesio-distal size. A regression equation based on actual canine and premolar mesio-distal dimensions and sum of mandibular permanent incisors was also developed.Results: Independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between mesio-distal tooth size in males and females. Paired t-test showed that there was no difference in mesio-distal tooth size between right and left sides of the arch. Tanaka – Johnston analysis overestimated the mesio-distal size in both males and females. Moyer’s method at 75% overestimated the mesio-distal size in male and female and the difference were statistically significant while at 50% it underestimated the tooth size in females.Conclusion: Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston method of mesio-distal size prediction are inaccurate when applied in Nepalese population. A new regression equation to predict the size of tooth has been presented.

CORRECTION: The conclusion on the PDF of this article was replaced on 17th April 2016. The corrected PDF is now available by clicking on the link below.Background & Objectives: Ectopic Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is now well established as a cause of left sided heart failure and as a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events. It is attributed mostly to systemic hypertension. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in recently diagnosed hypertensives in Nepalese population using echocardiography. Materials & Methods: Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on 120 newly diagnosed patients of systemic hypertension. Transmitral Doppler indexes of diastolic function, Valsalva maneuver applied to the same mitral inflow pattern, pulsed tissue Doppler of the mitral annulus, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time and pulmonary venous flow pattern.Results: The age of the patients in our study ranged from 20 to 84 years with mean age of 50years±14.13 years (standard deviation) and male:female ratio being 1.35:1. Hypertensive patients were highest in age group 45-64 years followed by 25-44 years in both the genders. Majority of the patients had stage 1 hypertension (44.16%) followed by stage 2 HTN in 34.17% and pre-hypertension in 21.67%. The majority of the patients in our study had Grade 1 LVDD (66.67%), 10.83% patients had Grade II LVDD, only 2.50% had non-restrictive Grade III LVDD and none had LVDD-IV. Stage II hypertensives had more LVDD(I+II+III): 39/41-95.12% than stage I hypertensives(39/53-73.58%) and pre-hypertensives (8/26-30.77%). The association between stages of systemic HTN and LVDD was found to be highly statistically significant (p=0.002). Conclusion: Our study showed that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a common entity in Nepalese population with systemic hypertension.JCMS Nepal. 2016;12(1):14-18.

Background & Objectives:Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disorder of unknown origin.The frequency and the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis vary among the geographical regions. This study is a retrospective analysis of the sarcoidosis patients diagnosed in Nepalese population. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of sarcoidosis in Nepalese population which has high prevalence of tuberculosis and to understand the clinical profiles and ethnic differences.Materials & Methods:A retrospective chart analysis was done in all the patients from January first, 2005 to December 31st, 2010 who had abnormal chest radiograph and who were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. The study was done at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital and Everest Nursing Home.Results:A Forty two patients were diagnosed to have sarcoidosis over a five year period, of which 23/42 (55.0%) were females and 19/42 (45%) were males. The mean age was 36 years with minimum age being 18 years and maximum 72 years. As far as Ethnicity is concerned, 15/42 (36.0%)were Brahmins,08/42(19.0%) were Marwadi, and 07/42(17.0%) were Chhetri. The most common presenting symptom was cough 19/42 (45.0%).Out of the 42 patients, eight were being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Most common radiographic findings were bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy 15/42 (36.0%).Conclusion:Sarcoidosis is common in Nepal and should be considered in the differential diagnosis before treating the patient empirically for tuberculosis.