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Vocal cord scarring is the most crucial obstacle in voice quality after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA)-collagen nanofibers on the healing of vocal cords after surgical trauma. Right vocal cords of 12 New Zealand white rabbits were traumatized, and the experimental group was received 1.08 mg/75 ml topical HA-collagen nanofiber (Gelfix® spray) for 3 days. Three animals in each group were sacrificed on the 7th day, and the remaining of the animals were sacrificed on the 21st day. The laryngeal specimens in the experimental and control groups were examined histopathologically. The 7th-day H&E staining evaluation revealed pink, dense, and thin collagen fibers. Besides, the collagen content was scattered and irregular in the experimental group. The 21st-day assessment showed that the collagen bundles in the granulation tissue were almost with the same formation in both of the groups. Masson Trichrome staining on the 7th day of the study showed that the collagen fiber bundles were less frequent in the control group than the experimental group. The 7th-day Van Gieson staining analysis showed that the pattern of reticular fibers was more regular with the parallel formation in the experimental group than the control group. HA-collagen nanofiber can be used in diseases that impair voice quality due to the thickening of the lamina propria layer in the vocal cord and impaired viscoelasticity due to fibrosis after tissue trauma.

Objective MESNA (Sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is a mucolytic substance that is used for chemically assisted tissue dissection in various surgical operations. The aim of this study was to address the issue of possible neurotoxicity from topical administration of MESNA solution on the facial nerve. We used different concentrations of MESNA solution and evaluated their effects on facial nerve by histopathological and functional analysis. Materials and methods These groups were the saline administered group (control) (3 rats, 6 facial nerves), the 25% MESNA solution group (3 rats, 6 facial nerves), and the 100% MESNA solution group (3 rats, 6 facial nerves). Under general anesthesia (ketamine 150 mg/kg, xylocaine 4 mg/kg), the bilateral facial nerves of rats were dissected. The saline, 25% MESNA, and 100% MESNA solutions. Facial nerve functions of the rats were evaluated using mustachewhisker and blink reflex scores at day 20 days. On day 20, the rats were sacrificed and the buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve were removed. The specimens were examined in terms of inflammation, granulation tissue, and foreign body reaction formation around the nerve. The functional and histopathological changes on facial nerves were compared between groups. Results Mustache and blink reflex scores of the rats were 5 (normal) in both the control and study groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of facial nerve functions (p=1.00). On histopathologic examination, the 25% and 100% MESNA groups had significantly more inflammation compared with the control group (p=0.038 and p=0.007, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the 25% and 100% MESNA groups in term of inflammation (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of foreign body reaction formation (p > 0.05). Conclusion Topical administration of MESNA solution onto the facial nerve causes increased inflammation in both the 25% and 100% concentrations. Nevertheless, it does not cause any facial nerve dysfunction.

Chronic otitis media (COM) and its associated complications are currently less common because of the popularity of imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and the increased use of antibiotics. Patients can be treated without any complications owing to early diagnosis. Despite all these new developments and opportunities, complications of autogenous cerebellar abscess may develop and be fatal. In this case report, we present our own clinical experience regarding a patient with cerebellar abscess as a complication of COM.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and cerebral white matter lesions (CWML) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was performed on 41 patients who were diagnosed with OSAS and simple snoring, and had brain MRI scan. The brain MRIs of the patients were reviewed regarding CWML. The patients were divided into four groups with regard to their apnea–hypopnea indexes. The groups were compared for CWML, and the correlations between CWML and polysomnography findings were investigated as well. Comparison of periventricular white matter (PVWM) and deep white matter (DWM) lesions among the groups revealed that these lesions significantly increased as the severity of the disease increased (p = 0.001). The CWMLs of severe OSAS group were significantly more than the other groups. PVWM and DWM lesions and age had statistically significant correlation (p = 0.001, for both). Age-adjusted correlation analysis revealed positive correlations of PVWM and DWM with AHI, duration of sleep with oxygen saturation below 90 %, and negative correlations with minimum O2 saturation (p = 0.001, for both). There was an increased risk of CWM lesions in OSAS, and particularly in severe OSAS. Hypoxia might be one of the most substantial causes in the etiopathogenesis of those lesions.

Purpose To compare the performance of Spongostan, Otopore, Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone and Spongostan soaked with Hyaluronic acid (HA) as middle ear packing material after mucosal trauma. Methods Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups. In control group (group 1), the middle ear cavities of animals were bilaterally packed with Spongostan; in group 2, with Otopore; in group 3, with Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone; and in group 4, with Spongostan soaked with HA. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were performed preoperatively and 1 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Histological analyses were performed to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and wound healing in the middle ear cavity. Results ABR recordings demonstrate that threshold level changes from baseline were minor in Otopore and Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone packed ears. Threshold levels were higher in the Spongostan and Spongostan soaked with HA packed ears compared with both Otopore and Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone packed ears. Histological analyses showed that Spongostan caused inflammation more intense than Otopore and Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone. Residual material at postoperative week 6, new bone formation and adhesion were common in the Spongostan group compared with other groups. Fibrosis was more common in Spongostan group compared with other groups but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Otopore appears to be safe and effective for use in otologic surgery. The inflammation, adhesion and new bone formation decreased when Spongostan was used with steroid or HA, when compared to Spongostan alone.

Objective An adequate evaluation combined with an easily accessible test would be a useful way to direct the appropriate patients to sleep centers in circumstances with a limited opportunity for polysomnography (PSG). For this reason, it is necessary to use a screening method prior to PSG evaluation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of body mass index (BMI) and pulse oximetry is sufficient to predict the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) without PSG. Methods A total of 956 patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center with complaints of witnessed apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, and previously performed PSG were included in the study. Data of PSG (included pulse oximetry) and BMI were investigated for the determination of cut-off points for parameters in the patients. Results Based on the presence of severe OSAS, the cut-off points were ≥31.7 kg/m2 for BMI

Introduction: Several theories attempt to explain the pathophysiology of sudden hearing loss. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible role of inflammation and atherothrombosis in sudden hearing loss patients through the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume. Methods: Study design - retrospective cross-sectional historical cohort. This study was conducted on two groups: one with 59 individuals diagnosed with sudden hearing loss, and other with 59 healthy individuals with the same characteristics of gender and age distribution, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume levels were measured in patients diagnosed with sudden hearing loss as well as in the control group, and it was verified whether these results interfered for a better or worse prognosis with treatment of sudden deafness. Results: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels are much higher in patients diagnosed with sudden hearing loss compared to the control group. Similarly, mean levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are higher in non-recovered versus recovered patients (p= 0.001). However, we could not find a correlation with mean platelet volume levels (p>. 0.05). Conclusion: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a quick and reliable indicator regarding diagnosis and prognosis of sudden hearing loss; on the other hand, mean platelet volume may be considered a less important indicator in this aspect. © 2015 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Introdução: Várias teorias tentam explicar a fisiopatologia da surdez súbita (SS).Objetivo: : O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o possível papel da inflamação e da aterotrom-bose nos pacientes de SS através da relação neutrófilos/linfócitos (RNL) e volume plaquetáriomédio (VPM).Método: Forma de estudo --- coorte histórica com corte transversal (retrospectivo). Este estudofoi realizado com 59 indivíduos portadores de SS e 59 saudáveis, com as mesmas característi-cas em distribuição de gênero e idade. Os níveis de VPM e RNL foram medidos nos pacientesdiagnosticados com SS e no grupo controle, verificando-se se tais resultados implicavam em ummelhor ou pior prognóstico com o tratamento da surdez súbita.Resultados: Os níveis da RNL são muito mais altos em pacientes com SS, em comparação como grupo controle. De forma semelhante, níveis médios da RNL são mais altos nos pacientes nãorecuperados, em comparação com os recuperados (p = 0,001). Essas diferenças entretanto, nãoforam observadas em relação aos níveis de VPM (p > 0,05).Conclusão: RNL é um indicador rápido e confiável no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico e prognós-tico de SS; por outro lado, VPM pode ser um indicador menos importante neste aspecto.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) using a two-channel triple-sensor pHmetry catheter. Methods: The study was carried out on a total of 34 people with complaints of snoring, witnessed apnea and daytime sleepiness. 24-h pH monitoring with a two-channel, triple-sensor antimony pH catheter was applied to individuals simultaneously with polysomnography (PSG) on the day they would sleep in the sleep laboratory. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity and reflux grade were compared with each other. Data obtained from PSG and pHmetry results were numerically compared with each other. The relationship between apnea, hypopnea, and arousal periods and reflux episodes was then examined by overlaying pHmetry graphics for each patient. Results: A total of 34 individuals (18 males—52.9% and 16 females—47.1%), age ranging from 27 to 71 years (mean 50.5 ± 11.0) participated in the study. GER was detected in 52.9% and LPR in 85.3% of the patients. In 35.3% of cases, pathologic GER was not observed despite LPR detection. No statistically significant relationship was found between the numerical values of apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and arousal numbers and reflux parameters of individuals and between OSAS severity and LPR and GER (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between respiratory events and reflux episodes with regard to timing (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of GER and LPR is found to be high in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. There is no significant relationship between OSAS severity and GER and LPR grade or respiratory events and reflux episodes with regard to timing. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Amaç:Çalışmamızda inkus uzun kolu defektlerinin onarımında iyonomerik kemik çimentosu (İKÇ) ve inkus interpozisyon (İİ) kullanılan hastaları, işitme sonuçları ve greft başarısı açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya kemik zincir de stapes suprastrukturu normal olup inkus uzun kolu defektif olan ve kemikçik zincir rekonstrüksiyonu yapılan 53 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar kemikçik zincir onarım tekniğine göre, İİ kullanılanlar (Grup 1) ve İKÇ kullanılanlar (Grup 2) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar yaş, cinsiyet, greft başarı oranı, hava saf ses eşikleri değerleri ve hava-kemik aralığı (HKA) açısından karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Her iki grup da operasyon sonrası hava saf ses eşiklerindeki ve preoperatif döneme göre postoperatif HKA değerlerindeki düzelme istatiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlıydı (p=0.001; p0,05).Sonuç:İnkus uzun kolu defekti olan hastalarda kemikçik zincir onarımı amacıyla kullanılan İKÇ ve İİ etkili yöntemlerdir ve birbiri üzerine belirgin bir üstünlükleri yoktur.

Background The effect of division of the stapedial tendon on susceptibility to noise-induced inner ear damage has not been previously studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of noise exposure following division of the stapedial tendon in guinea pigs. Material and methods Ten adult albino guinea pigs were used. The stapedial tendon of each right ear was cut. The stapedial tendon in each left ear was left intact and these ears served as a control group. DPOAEs and ABR tests were performed before and 10 days after noise exposure. The animals were exposed to a 110-dB noise stimulus for 6 h in a silent room a week after surgery. Cochleas of the animals were removed, and inner and outer hair cells were examined under a light microscope. Results We found that noise exposure adversely affected DPOAE measurements at all frequencies except 2 KHz in experimental ears. Noise exposure also produced significantly elevated ABR thresholds in experimental ears at 2, 4, 8, and 16 KHz. On histopathological examination, we found a significantly greater prevalence of apoptotic cells in the experimental ears. Conclusions Based on these findings, we can conclude that after division of the stapedial tendon, noise exposure may cause damage to the inner ear. This is the first study in the English literature that demonstrates the potential protective effect of the stapedial tendon against acoustic damage.

Amac: Spesifik alerjenlerin spesifik semptomlari tetikleyip tetiklemedigini, semptomlari ve semptomlarin siddet derecesini alerjik rinitin suresindeki artisla kosut olarak degisip degistirmedigini belirlemek. Yontem: Bu calisma hasta veri formlarinin retrospektif taranmasi yoluyla KBB-Alerji Unitesine alerjik semptomlarla gelen ve hasta oykusu, muayene, prick testi veya serum spesifik IgE sonuclarina dayanarak alerjik rinit tanisi konan hastalarda uygulandi. Bulgular: Calismaya toplam 235 hasta alindi. Burun ve geniz akintisi agac alerjilerinde anlamli derecede daha az, ot alerjilerinde ise gozlerde kasinti ve sulanma daha sik goruldu. Gozlerde kizariklik yabani ot alerjisinde anlamli derecede daha azdi. Hayvan sac ve epitel dokuntulerine karsi alerjide burun akintisi anlamli derecede daha dusuk oranda goruldu. Ev tozu-akar alerjilerinde aksirik, gozlerde kasinti ve sulanma anlamli derecede daha seyrek, hipozmi ise daha sik gozlendi. Alerji suresinin semptomlarin sikligiyla karsilastirmasi, mevsimsel alerjik rinitte, alerjik rinitin suresiyle paralel bir bicimde, hipozmi ve gozlerde kizariklikta semptomlarinda istatistiksel acidan anlamli artis oldugunu gosterdi. Sonuc: Alerjen(ler)e karsi yoneltilen ve alerjik rinitin suresini kisaltan spesifik semptomatik tedavilerin alerjik rinit tedavisinde bir firsat oldugunu, semptomlarin ve dolayisiyla hastalarin yasam kalitesinin daha iyi kontrol edilmesi sayesinde olumlu sonuclar verecegini dusunmekteyiz.

Objective: To describe Killian nasal speculum-assisted tonsillectomy under local anesthesia in detail and to question the experience of our patients with this surgical procedure. Material and Methods: Group 1 included patients that underwent Killian nasal speculum-assisted tonsillectomy under local anesthesia (n=44) and Group 2 those who underwent classical cold dissection tonsillectomy under general anesthesia (n=28). Results: Among the patients in Group 1, 59.1% (26/44) reported mild, 27.3% (12/44) moderate, and 13.6% (6/44) excessive levels of anxiety preoperatively. All patients in Group 1 reported that they felt safe during surgery; 84.1% (37/44) reported that the surgery was easier than they had anticipated, whereas 15.9% (7/44) reported it was more difficult than anticipated. Duration of surgery in Groups 1 and 2 was 22.7 ± 7.0 minutes and 63.7 ± 16.3 minutes, respectively (p

Accessory parotid gland is a small salivary gland tissue separated from main part of parotid gland. It is located on the masseter muscle anterior to the Stensen's duct. Tumors of accessory parotid gland are rare. In this article, we report an unusual case of adenoid cystic carcinoma involving accessory parotid gland. The patient presented with a progressively growing mass in the middle portion of her cheek. She underwent a partial parotidectomy including both the superficial and accessory lobes. The histopathologic diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma of cribriform type.

The aim of this study was to determine whether infiltration of local anesthetics with adrenaline improved septoplasty procedure when compared to normal saline. Eight-two patients undergoing septoplasty were randomized into two groups. In group 1, septal mucoperichondrium was infiltrated with lidocaine with adrenaline, and normal saline was used in group 2. Presence of intra-operative septal mucosal injuries, the amount of bleeding, arterial blood pressure, operation time as well as the quality of the surgical field and the convenience of finding the correct surgical plane as determined by the surgeon using a 5-point scale were compared between two groups. There were no significant differences for the amount of blood loss, mean arterial pressure, operation time, or scores for convenience of finding the correct surgical plane between the two groups. There was no significant difference for intra-operative simple (P = 0.631) and total (simple+severe) (P = 0.649) septal mucoperichondrial injuries between groups 1 and 2, either. However, severe mucoperichondrial injury rate was higher in the patients infiltrated with lidocaine and adrenaline (P = 0.026), and the quality of the surgical field was worse in the patients injected with normal saline (P = 0.0179). Infiltration of septal mucoperichondrium with lidocaine and adrenaline instead of normal saline was not advantageous in terms of objective parameters tested, including bleeding amount and duration of surgery as well as the of the total mucosal injury rate in septoplasty procedure.

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammation and atherothrombosis in Bell's palsy (BP) by using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV), respectively, and to study their relations with the facial nerve enhancement on temporal gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (TGd-MRI). Study Design. Case control study. Setting. Tertiary health institution. Subjects and Methods. This study was performed on 65 patients who were diagnosed with BP and a control group of 35 healthy individuals. The BP patients were also divided into 2 groups, those with facial nerve enhancement on TGd- MRI and those without enhancement. The NLR and MPV of each group were compared. Results. The NLRs of the BP patients were significantly higher than control group (P = .001). The NLRs of patients with facial nerve enhancement on TGd-MRI were significantly higher than patients without enhancement (P = .001). There was a positive and significant correlation between NLR and House-Brackmann (HB) grade of the patients (r = 0.641; P

Tiroglossal duktus kistleri, tiroglossal duktusun kismi veya tam obliterasyon eksikligi ve icindeki epitelin sekretuar ozelligi sonucunda gelisen benign kistik olusumlardir. Cogunlukla boyun orta hattinda, yutkunma sirasinda vertikal dogrultuda hareketli ve agrisiz bir sislik olarak ortaya cikan bu lezyonlar bazen cilde fistulize olabilirler ve tiroglossal fistul olarak adlandirilirlar. Bu makalede klinigimizde tiroglossal duktus kisti ve/veya fistulu tanisi ile Sistrunk ameliyati yapilan 21’i primer, 4’u nuks olgu olmak uzere toplam 25 olgu sunuldu. Tum olgular ayrintili anamnez, KBBmuayenesi, boyun USG ve/veya CT ile degerlendirildi. Olgularin 17’sinde fistul (% 68), 8’inde (% 32) kist formasyonu saptandi. Postoperatif donemde 2 hastada antibiyotik tedavisine yanit veren yara enfeksiyonu gelisti. Ameliyat edilen hastalarin ortalama 32 aylik takiplerinde nuks gorulmedi. Tiroglossal duktus kistlerinde malign dejenerasyon riski oldugu icin cerrahi olarak tedavi edilmelidir. Tedavide Sistrunk ameliyati en az rekurrens oraniyla guvenli ve komplikasyon riski dusuk bir cerrahi prosedurdur

Background: Laryngeal carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process that has not been fully elucidated. Despite extensive research, reliable markers with diagnostic and prognostic value are still lacking. It was recently reported that an elevated preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may correlate with an increased risk of recurrence, tumor aggressiveness and poorer prognosis in various malignancies. The aim of this study was to examine whether NLR could be used as an inflammatory marker to differentiate laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients from benign laryngeal lesion (BLL) and precancerous laryngeal lesion (PLL) patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 209 patients admitted to a tertiary referral center with laryngeal lesions and undergoing biopsies to establish their histopathological diagnosis. We reviewed the patient files for their clinical, histopathological and laboratory data. The patients were divided into three groups according to their histopathological findings, as BLL, PLL and LSCC groups. The patients in the PLL group were also divided into three subgroups as mild, moderate and severe dysplasia/ carcinoma in situ (CIS) subgroups. The groups were compared for NLR and the other laboratory data. Results: The mean NLRs of the BLL, PLL and the LSCC groups were 2.12±0.86, 2.32±0.68 and 3.46±1.51, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean NLRs of the patients with PLL and LSCC were significantly higher than the patients with BLL (p=0.031 and p=0.001, respectively). The mean NLRs were similar among mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia / CIS groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating NLR in BLL, PLL and LSCC. NLR is an inexpensive, reproducible and widely available blood test, and could be a useful inflammatory marker to differentiate LSCC from BLL and PLL.

The aim of this study was to suggest a new cutoff score for the Turkish version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea. In this study, the data of 483 patients who were admitted to our clinic with the complaints of daytime sleepiness and witnessed sleep apnea were reviewed retrospectively. The correlation between ESS and polysomnography (PSG) findings were assessed, and cutoff score of the Turkish version of the ESS was investigated. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 27.71 ± 26.69 eV/h, the mean ESS score was 8.42 ± 4.88. According to AHI, a statistically significant difference between ESS scores was detected (p = 0.001; p

Bilateral parotid gland agenesis is a rare clinical entity and it's an etiopathogenesis remains obscure. The literature contains no reports of the co-existence of bilateral parotid gland agenesis and Klinefelter syndrome. The condition is usually asymptomatic and causes asymmetry in the head and neck areas. Its diagnosis is generally made in the light of accompanying developmental anomalies. Herein we report the clinical and radiological findings of a 17-year-old male with Klinefelter syndrome accompanied by unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis and isolated congenital bilateral parotid gland agenesis.

A 54-year-old male patient presented to our outpatient clinic complaining of a mass under his chin, which appeared nearly 1 year earlier. Pathologic diagnosis was atypical lipomatous tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case to localize subcutaneously in the head and neck region. Atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas are rarely reported in the head and neck. We review the clinical and management features of atypical lipomatous tumors.

Introduction In the treatment of head and neck cancers, the cochlea may be damaged if it is within the radiotherapy (RT) area; however, the severity and mechanism of such damage have yet to be clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rates of early- and late-stage sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients receiving RT due to head and neck cancer and to investigate the reliability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) measurements and audiometric evaluation. Study design Prospective. Method The study included 38 ears of 19 patients scheduled for RT due to head and neck cancer diagnoses. The patients received RT at a fractioned dose of 200 cGy (5 d/wk) and were evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment (1st and 12th mo), both audiometrically and with DPOAE measurement. Any decrease greater than 10 dB was considered SNHL. The amplitudes of DPOAE measurements were statistically compared. Results The audiometric evaluation performed in the 1st posttreatment month showed no SNHL in any of the patients, whereas in the 12th month, 47% of the ears had SNHL. In all the patients that developed SNHL, the amplitudes obtained in DPOAE measurements in the first posttreatment month were statistically significantly lower. Conclusion The results of the present study show that DPOAE measurement is a reliable method for determining which patients are at risk of developing SNHL in the early post-RT period.

We investigated relation of the site of obstruction detected on Muller maneuver (MM) with polysomnography (PSG) and physical examination findings. Data of 703 patients admitted to Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital Sleep Laboratory between 2008 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively; 394 patients with apnea-hypopnea indexes (AHI) ?5/h were included. Site of collapse on MM was determined at retrolingual level at anteroposterior (M1) and lateral-lateral (M2) directions; at retropalatal level at anteroposterior (M3) and lateral-lateral (M4) directions. There were 125 (31.7 %) females and 269 (68.3 %) males. BMI had significant positive correlations with M2 (p < 0.001) and M4 (p = 0.002) scores, ESS (p = 0.013) and AHI (p = 0.001). AHI had significant positive correlations with ESS (p = 0.003), M2 (p < 0.001), M3 (p = 0.037) and M4 (p < 0.001) scores and NC (p = 0.001). Minimum oxygen saturation had significant reverse correlations with M1 (p = 0.046), M2 (p < 0.001), M3 (p = 0.003), M4 (p < 0.001), AHI (p < 0.001), ESS (p = 0.003) and BMI (p = 0.001). In OSAS patients, increased BMI, NC and AHI are correlated with lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) collapse in retropalatal and retrolingual levels on MM. LPW collapse is more valuable to predict OSAS compared to anteroposterior collapse. LPW collapse on MM may be used as a selection criterion for ordering PSG. Further studies are needed to better clarify importance of LPW in OSAS surgery. © 2014 Association of Otolaryngologists of India.

Objective The well-known relation of Helicobacter pylori to the MALT-lymphoma and gastric carcinoma suggested a possible presence in the laryngeal tissues of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) investigations, and PCR results of benign laryngeal pathologies were compared. Methods Polymerase Chain Reaction investigations were carried out in biopsy samples of 21 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and of 19 patients with benign laryngeal pathologies like vocal polyp and nodules. Results The PCR results of 17 out of the 21 samples (80.9%) of the patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were positive for H. pylori . Moreover, any genomic material of H. pylori was not found in the PCR results of the 19 patients with benign laryngeal pathology. It was also determined that the presence of the H. pylori in the patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was statistically significant ( p = 0.0001). In the patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the comparison of the H. pylori presence within the normal and tumoral tissues revealed that 16 normal tissue samples (76.19%) were positive, while 9 of the tumoral tissue samples (42.85%) were positive. The ratio of bacterial presence in both the normal and tumor tissue samples was 38.09% (8 patients). The rates of presence revealed a statistically significant difference between the normal and tumoral tissue samples ( p = 0.039). Conclusions The presence of the genomic material of H. pylori within the laryngeal tissue of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is a proof of the colonization of the bacterium in that tissue. While this may suggest a possible relation of the bacterium to the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, no conclusion is possible to be drawn about the mechanism of the process.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm of the larynx. There are three variants of SCC. Each variant presents distinctive biologic behaviors and clinical courses. Therefore reaching the exact diagnosis and distinguishing the variants is fateful. We describe a case of spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx with a verrucous carcinoma component. To our knowledge, this entity has never been documented before.

A meningoencephalocele is a herniation of meninges and brain out of the cranial fossa through a bony defect. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage may occur due to a defect in the wall of the meningoencephalocele. The defect may be traumatic, iatrogenic, or may appear spontaneously. In this report, the authors present an unrecognized transethmoidal meningoencephalocele that resulted in a cerebrospinal fluid leak during dacryocystorhinostomy.

Lenfanjiomlar lenfatik damarların benign hamartomatoz tümörleridir. En sık yerleşim yeri baş boyun bölgesi olmasına rağmen oral kavite tutulumu nadirdir. Lenfanjiomlar hemanjiomlardan farklı olarak spontan involusyona uğramazlar. Cerrahi sonrası yüksek rekürrens riski nedeniyle skleroterapi, embolizasyon, lazer veya radyofrekans ile ablasyon gibi daha konservatif tedavi yöntemleri tercih edilmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda dil dorsumundan gelişen, dilde deformite ve konuşma bozukluğuna yol açan bir lenfanjiom olgusu ve radyofrekans ile tedavisi bildirilmiştir