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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-06 Captive animals, despite the constant care provided, are susceptible to infections from different sources. We herein report the natural trypanosome infection of 11 (28.2% positive) out of 39 non-human primates from 13 different species, in a Brazilian zoological park. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) ruled out Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. However, sequencing performed with positive samples employing hsp70 primers revealed similarities from 86% to 88% to diverse trypanosomes, including T. cruzi, Trypanosoma grayi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma vivax. We believe that the low similarity values obtained by sequencing reflect the difficulties in the molecular identification of trypanosomes, which share a large portion of their genetic material; this similarity may also preclude the diagnosis of co-infection by more than one trypanosome species. Thus, our study demonstrates the presence of diverse trypanosomes in primates, which are susceptible to infection by these parasites. Mechanical devices such as windows and bed nets, etc., are required to avoid vector insects in these environments, in addition to preventive quarantining of animals recently introduced into zoos. Therefore, investigation of the parasites in both the animals already residing in the zoo and those being introduced is of paramount importance, although no easy task. Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Course in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Veterinary Medical School University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Unesp, Botucatu Regional Laboratories Center Adolfo Lutz Institute Department of Pediatrics Medical School Unesp, Botucatu Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Bauru Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Course in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Unesp, Botucatu Department of Pediatrics Medical School Unesp, Botucatu

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:40:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612021000200319.pdf: 256672 bytes, checksum: 1da7ef90f5654d4c0380c4c41b98a3cd (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A toxoplasmose está mundialmente distribuída e causa perdas na produção animal e problemas de saúde pública. Objetivou-se detectar Toxoplasma gondii e Sarcocystis spp. em 141 produtos cárneos de origem suína (49), bovina (48) e de quibe cru (44), comercializados em mercados de Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Realizou-se bioensaio das amostras em camundongos para isolamento do parasita, e detecção do DNA pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase, tendo como alvo a região do elemento repetitivo de 529 pares de bases (PCR-529-bp). Todas as amostras foram negativas ao bioensaio e 9 (6,38%) positivas à PCR, sendo 5/48 bovinas, 3/49 suínas e 1/44 quibe. Determinou-se a genotipagem das amostras positivas pela multiplex-, nested- e RFLP-PCR com 11 marcadores (SAG1, 5’-3’SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, B-TUB, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1, Apico). Obteve-se genótipo completo em uma amostra, semelhante a outros já identificados (MAS, TgCkBr89 e TgCkBr147). Nested- e RFLP-PCR do gene 18S rRNA das amostras positivas à PCR foram realizadas, e os produtos da nested-PCR, sequenciados e alinhados com dados do GenBank no NCBI. Quatro apresentaram 100% de homologia com T. gondii (L37415.1), duas Sarcocystis hominis (AF006471.1), duas Sarcocystis cruzi (AF176934.1), uma Sarcocystis hirsuta (AF006469.1), indicando a circulação de T. gondii e Sarcocystis spp. Toxoplasmosis occurs worldwide causing economic losses to the animal production and problems to the public health. The study aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp.in 141 meat products from commercial meat cuts of pork, beef, and kibbeh sold in commercial markets from Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Samples were bioassayed in mice to isolate the parasite, and the parasite DNA detected by PCR targeting the 529 base pairs repeat element region (PCR-529-bp). All samples resulted negative on bioassay, whereas PCR positive for 9 (6,38%), distributed as 5/48 beef, 3/49 pork, and 1/44 kibbeh. PCR-positive were investigated for the the parasite genotype using multiplex-, nested-, and RFLP-PCR for 11 markers (SAG1, 5’-3’SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, B-TUB, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1, Apico). Complete genotype was determined on just one PCR-positive sample that matched MAS, TgCkBr89 and TgCkBr147 isolates already identified. In addition, nested- and RFLP-PCR targeting 18S rRNA was run for all PCR-positive samples and, the products, sequenced and aligned to the GenBank at NCBI website. Four samples showed 100% homology with T. gondii (GenBank #L37415.1), three with Sarcocystis hominis (GenBank #AF006471.1), two Sarcocystis cruzi (GenBank #AF176934.1), and one Sarcocystis hirsuta (GenBank #AF006469.1), indicating the circulation of T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Laboratório Regional de Bauru Universidade do Oeste Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia CNPq: 559471/2010-6

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-01 Water is indispensable for life and its quality is directly related to public health. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public water supply in municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses were carried out at the Adolfo Lutz Institute between February and December 2016, and included physicochemical (chlorine, pH, color, turbidity and nitrate), and microbiological parameters (total coliforms and Escherichia coli), as well as P. aeruginosa, with susceptibility tests to antimicrobial agents and biofilm production capacity by the strains isolated. In total, 251 water samples were evaluated and 19 (7.6%) presented P. aeruginosa. No significant differences were observed between the physicochemical parameters found in the positive and negative samples for this bacterium, but the samples containing total coliforms were also those with the highest positivity for P. aeruginosa. All samples with P. aeruginosa reported chlorine concentrations between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/L, as required by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating this bacterium’s resistance to conventional water treatment processes. Although not resistant to the antimicrobials tested, most strains isolated were classified as strong biofilm producers, emphasizing the need for further studies involving water supply quality. Instituto Adolfo Lutz Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Rua Rubens Arruda, Quadra 6, Centro Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua João Batista Ribeiro, 4000, Mercês Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 510, Distrito de Rubião Júnior Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 510, Distrito de Rubião Júnior

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-18 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic protozoan infection that affects mammals and involves a complex epidemiology. Although dogs are considered the main reservoir in zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the possible presence of other mammalian species acting as reservoirs has been associated as a possible cause of lack of success in the control of human VL in many endemic areas. The knowledge about natural infections of some species is still scarce, such as nonhuman primates (NHP), especially from the genus Callithrix (marmosets). We investigated the infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, the agent of VL in the Americas, in 26 marmosets captured monthly, from April 2014 to March 2015, in an environmentally protected area (EPA) in Southeastern Brazil. The EPA has undergone significant environmental changes and has a transmission focus of canine VL since 2009. Serology was performed through the direct agglutination test, which detected low antibody titers in seven marmosets (7/26; 26.9%, 95% confidence interval 9.9-44.0), being five Callithrix penicillata (black-tufted-ear marmoset) and two Callithrix jacchus (white-tufted-ear marmoset). The presence of the DNA of Leishmania was investigated in blood and skin samples by PCR and genetic sequencing. This is the first report of the detection of L. (L.) infantum in the skin of a marmoset, which was verified in a sample from one C. penicillata. The results demonstrate the natural infection of marmosets by L. (L.) infantum and may suggest the participation of these animals as hosts in the parasite's transmission cycle in the EPA. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate their role on the VL epidemiology in this area and also in different endemic areas, especially because these NHP are increasingly in contact with humans and domestic animals, particularly due to environmental changes. Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Med Sci, Campinas, SP, Brazil Adolfo Lutz Inst, Ctr Syst Parasit Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil Adolfo Lutz Inst, Bauru Ctr Reg Labs 2, Bauru, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/27212-0 FAPESP: 2014/13049-0 FAPESP: 2016/02572-0

A leptospirose é uma zoonose de grande importância em saúde pública. Cento e quatro (104) amostras de urina de bovinos abatidos na região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram avaliadas para detectar Leptospira spp. As amostras foram mantidas em PBS e em culturas de EMJH e Fletcher. Observamos crescimento de microrganismos em 13 amostras do meio Fletcher, embora não tenha sido observado no meio EMJH. Por PCR, 25 animais (amostras) foram positivos com os primers LEP1 / LEP2, sendo que 16 amostras foram mantidas em PBS, seis em meio Fletcher e três em meio EMJH. As 25 amostras foram submetidas a PCR com o gene LipL32 para verificação da patogenicidade. Uma amostra amplificada e por sequenciamento resultou em 99,77% de similaridade com Leptospira kirschneri sorovar Canicola e Leptospira interrogans sorovar Pyrogenes. Este é o primeiro relato de isolamento de Leptospira kirschneri sorovar Canicola e Leptospira interrogans sorovar Pyrogenes em amostra de urina bovina na Região Centro-Oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Concluímos a importância da leptospirose no rebanho avaliado e a atenção para o risco ocupacional, devido à possibilidade de urina contaminada nas pastagens e disseminação da infecção para outros animais e pessoas contactantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:24:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-91992021000100502.pdf: 1071475 bytes, checksum: 5ffc20edee55763e04682223a0062bd3 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: The early symptoms of leptospirosis and dengue fever are difficult to distinguish and can cause diagnostic confusion. Due to the large dengue epidemics that has occurred in Brazil in recent years, it is possible that cases of leptospirosis were unreported. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to detect leptospirosis in patients who were tested for dengue, but whose laboratory diagnoses were negative. Methods: Sera samples from 2,017 patients from 48 cities located in the central region of Sao Paulo state, Brazil, were studied. All samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), 305 of which were taken from patients five days or less since the onset of symptoms, and were additionally subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The overall prevalence of leptospirosis cases was 21 (1.04%), with 20 through MAT (18 for Icterohaemorrhagiae and two for the Cynopteri serogroup) and one through PCR (amplicon sequencing compatible with Leptospira interrogans). According to previously established criteria, eight cases of leptospirosis were classified as confirmed and 13 as probable. The Brazilian notification system for health surveillance had no records for 16 patients positive for leptospirosis and, thus, they were considered unreported cases. Statistical analyses revealed that the prevalence of leptospirosis was higher in men (1.56%) than in women (0.56%), and the mean age was higher in positive patients (43.7 years) than in negative ones (32.3 years). Conclusion: The results indicated that patients suspected of dengue fever had evidence of leptospirosis or Leptospira infection, and most of these cases were unreported in the Brazilian notification system. The high burden of dengue may contribute to the misdiagnosis of leptospirosis, and health professionals should increase their awareness of leptospirosis as an important differential diagnosis of patients with suspicion of dengue. Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Husb, Dept Anim Prod & Prevent Vet Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Adolfo Lutz Inst, Ctr Reg Lab Bauru 2, Bauru, SP, Brazil Butantan Inst, Lab Appl Toxinol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Husb, Dept Anim Prod & Prevent Vet Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2015/06446-6

The development of new approaches that allow early assessment of which cases of COVID-19 will likely become critical and the discovery of new therapeutic targets are urgent demands. In this cohort study, we performed proteomic and laboratorial profiling of plasma from 163 patients admitted to Bauru State Hospital (Bauru, SP, Brazil) between May 4th and July 4th, 2020, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab samples. Plasma samples were collected upon admission for routine laboratory analyses and shotgun quantitative label-free proteomics. Based on the course of the disease, the patients were further divided into 3 groups: a) mild symptoms, discharged without admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n=76); b) severe symptoms, discharged after admission to an ICU (n=56); c) critical, died after admission to an ICU (n=31). White cells and neutrophils were significantly higher in severe and critical patients compared to mild ones. Lymphocytes were significantly lower in critical patients compared to mild ones and platelets were significantly lower in critical patients compared to mild and severe ones. Ferritin, TGO, urea and creatinine were significantly higher in critical patients compared to mild and severe ones. Albumin, CPK, LDH and D-dimer were significantly higher in severe and critical patients compared to mild ones. PCR was significantly higher in severe patients compared to mild ones. Proteomic analysis revealed marked changes between the groups in plasma proteins related to complement activation, blood coagulation, antimicrobial humoral response, acute inflammatory response, and endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Higher levels of IREB2, GELS, POLR3D, PON1 and ULBP6 upon admission to hospital were found in patients with mild symptoms, while higher levels of Gal-10 were found in critical and severe patients. This needs to be validated in further studies. If confirmed, pathways involving these proteins might be potential new therapeutic targets for COVID-19.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 When it comes to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, one of the main targets of public health policies of surveillance is the control of domestic canine reservoirs of Leishmania infantum. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci in the transmission to human and animal hosts in an endemic city for VL, Bauru, in Brazil. We collected 6, 578 blood samples of dogs living in 3, 916 households from Nov.2019 to Mar.2020 and applied geospatial models to predict the disease risk based on the canine population. We used Kernel density estimation, cluster analysis, geostatistics, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). To validate our models, we used cross-validation and created a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We found an overall canine VL (CVL) seroprevalence of 5.6% for the sampled dogs, while for the households, the positivity rate was 8.7%. Odds ratios (OR) for CVL increased progressively according to the number of canines for >2 dogs (OR 2.70); households that already had CVL in the past increased the chances for CVL currently (OR 2.73); and the cases of CVL increase the chances for human VL cases (OR 1.16). Our models were statistically significant and demonstrated a spatial association between canine and human disease cases, mainly in VL foci that remain endemic. Although the Kernel density ratio map had the best performance (AUC = 82), all the models showed high risk in the city's northwest area. Canine population dynamics must be considered in public policies, and geospatial methods may help target priority areas and planning VL surveillance in low and middle-income countries. Parasitology and Mycology Center Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) Sao Paulo Adolfo Lutz Institute Regional Laboratories Center II Bauru, Bauru Center for Zoonoses Control of Bauru Health Secretariat of Bauru Bioterium Nucleos Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) Sao Paulo Institute of Geography Federal University of Uberlándia, Uberlándia Department of Geography Sao Paulo State University Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT/UNESP) Presidente Prudente Department of Geography Sao Paulo State University Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT/UNESP) Presidente Prudente

Some animals have an important relationship with fungal infections, and searching for pathogens in animal samples may be an opportunity for eco-epidemiological research. Since studies involving wildlife are generally restricted, using samples from road kills is an alternative. The aim of this study was to verify whether pathogenic fungi of public health importance occur in wildlife road kills from Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Organ samples (n = 1063) from 297 animals were analysed according to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using universal primers to detect fungi in general and, subsequently, using primers specific to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus spp. There were 102 samples positive for fungal species. Eight samples were positive for P. brasiliensis, three samples were positive for Cryptococcus spp. and one sample had coinfection by these two fungi. No sample was positive for Histoplasma spp. according to the molecular detection. Genetic sequencing allowed the identification of Fungal sp. in 89 samples, Cryptococcus neoformans in two samples and Aspergillus penicillioides in three samples. This study shows the importance of wild animals in the epidemiology of fungal infections and assists in the mapping of pathogen occurrence in a region that was not previously evaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 Fusarium species have emerged as responsible for a broad spectrum of infections, including superficial, locally invasive and disseminated ones, especially in the hospital environment. Since there are few reports of invasive and disseminated fusariosis in children, the aim of this study was to report four cases of nosocomial infection caused by this microorganism in children with cancer hospitalized in a public children’s hospital located in Brazil. Two of these patients were female and two were male. All patients presented febrile neutropenia, while three patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia and one patient had Wilms’ tumor as underlying disease. In two cases, fungi were isolated from blood and identified as Fusarium oxysporum species complex after phenotypic and genotypic studies, while in two other cases fungi were isolated from skin biopsies and identified as Fusarium solani species complex. One patient died 12 days after the onset of cutaneous lesions. All isolates, after susceptibility testing, presented high levels of minimum inhibitory concentration for itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B. Considering the emergence of filamentous fungi as etiologic agents of nosocomial infections, health professionals should be aware of the problems these infections, especially fungal ones, may cause to debilitated patients. Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Departamento de Farmácia Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO) Secção de Micologia Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) CLR II Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Rua Rubens Arruda, s/n, quadra 06, Centro Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Leishmaniasis affect millions of people, causing morbidity and mortality, especially in developing tropical and subtropical countries. Unfortunately, the possibilities of treatment for these infections are still quite limited and most of the available drugs present serious side effects. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the therapeutic role of amiodarone and itraconazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis . In order to perform this evaluation, hamsters were infected with 1 × 10 6 metaciclic promastigotes of the parasite in the hind footpad and, after the onset of the lesions, were treated with glucantime, amiodarone, itraconazole, glucantime and amiodarone, glucantime and itraconazole or amiodarone and itraconazole. The treatments' efficacy was evaluated per analysis of the size of the cutaneous lesions and by parasitic investigation of the infected foot (by histopathological examination and PCR) and possible side effects were analyzed taking into account the weight of the animals and some biochemical and metabolic parameters (glucose, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP). The results have shown that, in hamsters, amiodarone and itraconazole, either used isolated or in combination, are unable to stop the development of cutaneous lesions caused by L. (L.) amazonensis , but improve the activity of glucantime in the treatment of these lesions and seem to present no evident side effects. More studies are necessary in order to investigate the clinical potential of these combinations, so there can be the possibility of broadening the therapeutic options available, especially in resistant cases.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonoses distributed worldwide. It can undertake any animalspecies, maintaining the agent in the nature via renal chronical infection of carriers animals,which can secrete the organism through the urine into the environment, being able to infectother animals and the human. Regarding Leptospira spp., diagnostic techniques have helpedunderstand important eco-epidemiological aspects such as environmental serovar distributionand new hosts, in addition to improve the clinical diagnosis of the disease. This review focuseson present diverse techniques used in leptospirosis diagnosis to biological samples, includingsome studies on practical applications for the molecular detection of Leptospira spp.,reinforcing the importance of the knowledge and the choice of the correct technique in thediagnosis of the disease.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-01 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum around the world. Canids are the definitive hosts and sand flies the intermediate hosts. Objective: To test the hypothesis that a new species-specific primers (Lch14:Lch15, targeting a multiple alignment for L. infantum kDNA minicircle) is an efficient diagnostic tool for L. infantum. Methods: The presence of L. infantum DNA was assessed in blood samples of 69 stray dogs using the conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additional 50 lymph nodes and 50 bone marrow samples (positive and negative samples for parasitological tests) from dogs from endemic and nonendemic areas for CVL were also used. Results: L. infantum strains, and all positive lymph node and bone marrow samples for parasitological test gave positive results for cPCR and qPCR, presenting analytical sensitivity of ∼10° parasite mL−1. For the blood samples, 40/69 (58%; CI 95%; 46%-69%) resulted positive for L. infantum in both tests. All positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Conclusion: This study showed the importance of the specific detection of L. infantum based on species-specific primers by molecular techniques, highlighting the application as a confirmation method in epidemiological studies and to adopt the best control measures. Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi State Regional Laboratory of Bauru Adolfo Lutz Institute Institute of Collective Health Federal University of Bahia Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista

Cows are probably the main source of contamination of raw milk with Staphylococcus aureus. Mammary glands with subclinical mastitis can shed large numbers of Staph. aureus in milk. Because of the risk of this pathogen to human health as well as animal health, the aim of this paper was to describe an outbreak of mastitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA), oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staph. aureus (OS-MRSA), and methicillin-susceptible Staph. aureus (MSSA) on a dairy farm. Milk samples were obtained from all quarters, showing an elevated somatic cell count by the California Mastitis Test. The isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 53% (61/115) of the milk samples, with 60 isolates identified as Staph. aureus (98.4%) and 1 isolate identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.6%). The presence of the mecA gene was verified in 48.3% of Staph. aureus isolates. Of the Staph. aureus isolates, 23.3% were MRSA and 25.0% were OS-MRSA. The total of mastitis cases infected with MRSA was 12.2%. The detection of this large percentage of mastitis cases caused by MRSA and OS-MRSA is of great concern for the animals' health, because β-lactams are still the most important antimicrobials used to treat mastitis. In addition, Staph. aureus isolates causing bovine mastitis represent a public health risk.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:40:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-05 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This is the first report of the yeast Apiotrichum veenhuisii (formerly Trichosporon veenhuisii) causing disease in humans; its virulence and in vitro behavior against antifungals were also studied. The sample was isolated from biopsy fragments of disseminated lesions on the skin of a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The studied virulence factors evidenced that the strain tested negative for secretion of the enzymes proteinase, phospholipase, and hemolysin. The isolate was characterized as low biofilm producer. Except for amphotericin B and voriconazole, the sample presented high minimum inhibitory concentration values against azole and echinocandins. Adolfo Lutz Inst, CLR 2, Nucleo Ciencias Biomed, Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Odontol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Hosp Infantil Darcy Vargas, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Microbiol & Imunol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Adolfo Lutz Inst, Nucleo Ciencias Quim & Bromatol, Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Ctr Oeste Parana, Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Microbiol & Imunol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 Bats are essential to the global ecosystem, but their ability to harbour a range of pathogens has been widely discussed, as well as their role in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. This paper describes the first report of coinfection by two zoonotic agents, rabies virus (RABV) and the fungus Histoplasma suramericanum in a bat. The bat was from the Molossus molossus species, and it was found during the daytime in the hallway of a public psychiatric hospital in a municipality in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. RABV infection was diagnosed by the direct fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test. The fungus was isolated by in vitro culture. Both diagnoses were confirmed by molecular techniques. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the fungus isolate had proximity to H. suramericanum in the Lam B clade, while the RABV isolate was characterized in the Lasiurus cinereus lineage. Since the M. molossus bat was found in a peri-urban transition area (urban/peri-urban), the possibility of cross-species transmission of this RABV lineage becomes more plausible, considering that this scenario may provide shelter for both M. molossus and L. cinereus. These are relevant findings since there has been an increase in bat populations in urban and peri-urban areas, particularly due to environmental modifications and anthropogenic impacts on their habitat. Thus, the detection of two zoonotic agents in a bat found in a public hospital should raise awareness regarding the importance of systematic surveillance actions directed towards bats in urban areas. São Paulo State University (UNESP) Municipal Health Department State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Adolfo Lutz Institute Center of Regional Laboratories II São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Leishmaniasis is considered a parasitic disease that still causes serious consequences for mankind, because it presents a high mortality rate worldwide. Considered multi-hosts, the parasites of the genus Leishmania are able of infecting a wide variety of animal species. The dog was considered the main source of infection of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in the urban area. However, the role of other animal species in the epidemiological cycle of the disease, such as cattle, remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in 100 bovines (Bos taurus) from an area endemic for canine VL, using blood culture and molecular analysis. By the sequencing analysis, one sample showed 100% similarity with Leishmania infantum. The results provide the first case of L. infantum isolation in one bovine from the periurban areas of Bauru, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Tropical Diseases Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Preventive Medicine and Animal Health University of Sao Paulo - USP Adolfo Lutz Institute Bauru II Regional Laboratory Center Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology APTA Department of Tropical Diseases Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health São Paulo State University - UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:57:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Bats are considered to play a significant role in the epidemiology of histoplasmosis, worldwide. We investigated the occurrence of H. capsulatum in lung samples from 89 bats, from urban areas in Southeastern Brazil, using nested PCR based on ribosomal DNA. Fungal DNA was detected in 31/89 samples (34.8%), of which 13/31 were Molossids (41.9%), 4/31 Eumops spp. (12.9%), 2/31 Artibeus lituratus (6.5%), and 12/31 others (38.7%). This is the first report of natural infection by H. capsulatum in A. lituratus in Southeastern Brazil, which reinforces the importance of these synanthropic animals in the epidemiology of histoplasmosis in urban areas. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Institute of Biosciences UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Public Health School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas - UNICAMP Adolfo Lutz Institute Regional Laboratory of Bauru School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health Institute of Biosciences UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Microbiology and Immunology

There is a growing concern about the participation of wild hosts and reservoirs in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, particularly within the context of increasingly frequent environmental changes and the expansion of the One Health concept. This work is a molecular research of infection by Leishmania spp. among the wildlife of an environmentally protected area located in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The studied area has a history of intense environmental changes, with notifications of human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the 1990s, and a focus of canine visceral leishmaniasis since 2009. Eighty-two wild mammals were sampled by monthly captures in this region over a 1-year period. Blood samples were collected from each animal and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR using primers for the region of the internal transcribed spacer-1. The results of gene sequencing for the first time revealed the infection of opossums (Didelphis albiventris) by Leishmania spp., subgenera Leishmania and Viannia, in Campinas. These findings, in addition to environmental and historical characteristics of the studied area, indicate a possible role of wildlife in the introduction and/or maintenance of natural foci of leishmaniasis transmission.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objective: To analyze the prevalence of feline leishmaniosis in 55 asymptomatic cats or assess clinical disease in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area using parasitological, serological and molecular techniques. Methods: Fifty-five adult domestic and non-purebred cats held at an animal shelter in a rural area of the municipality of Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil, a region endemic for canine visceral leishmaniosis, were evaluated. A total of 5 mL of blood was collected from each animal, for blood culture, serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test, soluble extract ELISA, ELISA recombinant K39 antigen) and molecular tests (PCR). At the time of blood collection, the cats underwent clinical evaluation for the presence of clinical signs. Results: Flagellate protozoa were found in nine blood cultures (16.4%). Seropositivity by indirect fluorescent antibody test was observed in 32 serum samples (62.7%). ELISA-SE showed seropositivity in 37 cats (72.5%), while ELISA-rK39 revealed positive results in 11 cats (21.6%). Leishmania spp. was detected by PCR in whole blood samples from five cats (9.1%). Based on clinical evaluation, it was possible to detect the presence of clinical signs (alopecia, emaciation, pinna lesions, nose lesions, skin lesions) in 30 animals (54.5%). Conclusions: To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of Leishmania spp. in domestic cats in the epidemiological cycle of leishmaniosis in the studied area, requiring more attention in the establishment of preventive steps to control this disease. Department of Tropical Diseases Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Preventive Medicine and Animal Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry USP-Sao Paulo Department of Microbiology and Immunology São Paulo State University UNESP - Botucatu Department of Biology and Animal Husbandry São Paulo State University UNESP Adolfo Lutz Institute Bauru II Regional Laboratory Center Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology APTA Department of Tropical Diseases Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Microbiology and Immunology São Paulo State University UNESP - Botucatu Department of Biology and Animal Husbandry São Paulo State University UNESP FAPESP: 2010/13602-0

Epidemiological studies on endemic mycosis can be improved using molecular biology techniques to elucidate the role of bats as reservoirs and vectors of pathogenic fungi for infection of other animals and humans. The objective of this study was to explore the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in insectivorous, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats collected in urban areas. We analysed 172 bats collected by the Epidemiological Surveillance Agency in 12 municipalities of the Midwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Spleen, liver, intestine and lung samples were subjected to microbiological culture and nested PCR analyses. Prevalence of H. capsulatum infection was 8.1% (14/172), with one bat found to be positive by fungal culturing, 12 positive by nested PCR and one positive by both methods. Two insectivorous bats were found positive by nested PCR for Cryptococcus spp., one in the spleen and the other in the spleen and lung. Two insectivorous bats showed natural infection by P. brasiliensis, in the spleen of one bat and the spleen and liver of the other. Our results reinforce the importance of bats as fungal dispersers in urban environments and the importance of constant epidemiologic surveillance because these synanthropic animals are in close contact with humans and animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:09:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01 Bats have aroused growing attention in the public health sphere because they are considered the main reservoir of rabies virus (RABV) in the Americas, in places where canine rabies is under control. Antigenic and genetic studies of RABV isolates have been used to describe the epidemiological profile of rabies and to identify possible hosts/reservoirs for different epidemiological cycles. This study describes the antigenic and genotypic characterization of 19 RABV isolates from central nervous system samples of non-hematophagous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). These bats were diagnosed as RABV positive by direct fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests. Antigenic characterization using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies revealed that 7 of 19 RABV isolates from these bats belonged to variant 3, for which the hematophagous bat species Desmodus rotundus is the main reservoir, and 1 of 19 RABV isolates from an insectivorous bat belonged to variant 4, which is characteristic of these bats. The remaining 11 RABV samples were divided into six non-compatible profiles. The isolates were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the N gene and partially sequenced. Genetic characterization of these isolates was performed by grouping the sequences obtained with known RABV lineages. The sequences were grouped in clusters by the phylogenetic inference neighbor-joining method, together with another 89 homologous sequences obtained from GenBank. This analysis grouped the isolates into four known lineages: Nyctinomops Brazil, Myotis Brazil, Eptesicus Brazil and D. rotundus Brazil, as well as another cluster that may define a RABV lineage not yet characterized, here named Myotis Brazil II, for which bats of the genus Myotis apparently act as reservoirs. This assumption of a new lineage is also based on the observation of amino acid substitutions, with an average intraspecific identity of 99.8%, varying from 99.6 to 100.0% for nucleotides and 100.0% for amino acids. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Jr. District Pasteur Institute, 393 Paulista Ave. Department of Public Health School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas, 126 Tessália Vieira de Camargo St. Adolfo Lutz Institute Bauru II Center of Regional Laboratories, 6000 Rubens Arruda St. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Jr. District

Hemoparasitic infections are tick-borne diseases, which affect animals and humans. Considering the importance of canine hemoparasitic infections in veterinary clinics, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in blood samples from 182 dogs not domiciled in the city of Pato Branco, southwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of A. platys and B. vogeli was 32.9% and 10.9% respectively, and A. platys infection prevailed (p

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of worldwide importance. The development of diagnostic techniques allows sick animals to be identified, reservoirs to be eliminated and the disease prevented and controlled. The present study aimed to compare different techniques for diagnosing leptospirosis in sheep. Samples of kidney, liver and blood were collected from 465 animals that originated from a slaughterhouse. The sera were analyzed by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), and kidney and liver samples of seropositive animals were analyzed using four techniques: bacteriological culture, the Warthin Starry (WS) technique, conventional PCR (cPCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). With the MAT, 21 animals were positive (4.5%) to serovars Hardjo (n=12), Hebdomadis (n=5), Sentot (n=2), Wolfii (n=1) and Shermani (n=1). Titers were 100 (n=10), 200 (n=2), 400 (n=6) and 1600 (n=3). No animal was positive by bacteriological culture; four animals were positive by the WS technique in kidney samples; six animals were positive by cPCR in kidney samples; and 11 animals were positive by qPCR, eight of which in kidney samples and three in liver. The bacterial quantification revealed a median of 4.3 bacteria/μL in liver samples and 36.6 bacteria/μL in kidney samples. qPCR presented the highest sensitivity among the techniques, followed by cPCR, the WS technique and bacteriological culture. These results indicate that sheep can carry leptospires of the Sejroe serogroup, and demonstrate the efficiency of quantitative PCR to detect Leptospira spp. in tissue samples.

Synanthropic rodents, mainly rats and mice, become ecologically associated with men due to changes in their ecosystems caused by human activities. These animals may take part in the epidemiological cycles of several diseases, including toxoplasmosis. The presence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 43 rodents captured in the urban area of Umuarama, PR, Brazil, was verified by modified agglutination test (MAT). Brain and heart samples were also collected and bioassayed in mice for the isolation of the parasite. Isolated samples were analyzed by 12 multilocus genotyping. Although all rodents were seronegative, the parasite was isolated in one mouse (Mus musculus) and one rat (Rattus rattus). Genotyping showed that these samples were similar to those previously isolated from cats in the state of Parana, Brazil.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:45:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:45:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762009000400018.pdf: 699902 bytes, checksum: c9deb1bff423f8764cb7d5200b366649 (MD5) S0074-02762009000400018.pdf.txt: 44475 bytes, checksum: 42ada65fae858c41d0536ef7fd31bff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Medical mycology has greatly benefited from the introduction of molecular techniques. New knowledge on molecular genetics has provided both theoretical and practical frameworks, permitting important advances in our understanding of several aspects of pathogenic fungi. Considering Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in particular, important eco-epidemiological aspects, such as environmental distribution and new hosts were clarified through molecular approaches. These methodologies also contributed to a better understanding about the genetic variability of this pathogen; thus, P. brasiliensis is now assumed to represent a species complex. The present review focuses on some recent findings about the current taxonomic status of P. brasiliensis, its phylogenetic and speciation processes, as well as on some practical applications for the molecular detection of this pathogen in environmental and clinical materials. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia FAPESP: 06/03597-4 FAPESP: 05/56771-9

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most significant parasite, due its importance in veterinary medicine and in public health, considered a food-borne pathogens, there is no available drug treatments to eliminate it from animal tissue, this reinforce the search for a vaccine against this parasite. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic of the distribution of T. gondii in tissues of female Wistar rats and their milk, after the immunization by oral rote with irradiated tachyzoites. One week after pregnancy confirmation, rats was challenged by gavage with T. gondii bradyzoites, oocysts or tachyzoites of T. gondii. Forty-eight pregnant rats were grouped as follows: immunized and challenged with bradyzoites (BZ*); non-immunized and challenged with bradyzoites (BZ); immunized and challenged with oocysts (OC*); non-immunized and challenged with oocysts (OC); immunized and challenged with tachyzoites (TZ*); non-immunized and challenged with tachyzoites (TZ); only immunized (I); control group (C). After parturition, milk samples were collected for 3 weeks and then rats were sacrificed and the tissues and milk samples were researched for T. gondii parasite load determined by the quantitative PCR (qPCR). It was verified that the immunization with irradiated tachyzoites of T. gondii induced the reduction of parasitic load in muscle samples in rats challenged by bradyzoites and oocysts, although not enabled the development of sterile immunity. The detection of parasite DNA in milk was found throughout the lactation period, from immunized and non-immunized rats, however no differences were found in the parasite load caused by immunization.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T13:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-22T09:53:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2015000100009.pdf: 316526 bytes, checksum: 43771ebadd5f763631679efb3929cffe (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Klebsiella pneumoniae é um agente ambiental comum de mastite clínica e subclínica que afetam vacas leiteiras e pode estar presente no produto final, reduzindo a sua qualidade. Mastite causada por K. pneumoniae é ainda mais grave devido à sua má resposta à antibioticoterapia, rápida evolução para choque tóxico e morte do animal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a prevalência deste patógeno entre os rebanhos leiteiros em dez fazendas localizadas em diferentes municípios do Estado de São Paulo com base no tamanho do rebanho e uso de tecnologia de ordenha. Todas as glândulas mamárias das vacas em lactação foram examinadas usando o California Mastitis Test (CMT) e caneca de fundo telado. Foram colhidas amostras de leite (20mL) de todos os quartos CMT- positivos e dos tanques de expansão, também foram colhidos swab de fezes, membros posteriores dos animais, cama dos animais e sala de ordenha. O isolamento e identificação de K. pneumoniae foi realizada através de cultura microbiológica convencional, ensaio bioquímico e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase, utilizando primers desenhados e testados no Laboratório de Biologia Molecular aplicada à Zoonoses (FMVZ, Unesp-Botucatu) com base na região do gene de 16S rRNA. Este estudo incluiu 1067 animais. Foram detectados seis casos de infecção intramamária por K. pneumoniae em seis diferentes animais em duas fazendas. Ainda, K. pneumoniae foi isolada em 77 swabs (34 de camas em 9 propriedades, 7 de salas de pré-ordenha em 5 propriedades, 6 de salas de ordenha em 4 propriedades, 11 do reto de animais em 6 propriedades e 19 de membros posteriores em 7 propriedades. A análise molecular confirmou o agente K. pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae foi isolada pelo menos em uma localização em todas as propriedades leiteiras., salientando a necessidade de manter a higiene nas fazendas leiteiras a fim de controlar a mastite por esse patógeno. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common environmental agent of clinical and subclinical mastitis affecting dairy herds, and may be present in the final product decreasing its quality. Mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae is even more severe due to its poor response to antibiotic therapy, rapid evolution to toxic shock and death of the animal. This paper aimed to study the prevalence of this pathogen among dairy herds in ten farms located in different municipalities of Sao Paulo State based on size and use of milking technology. All mammary glands of all lactating cows were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and a strip cup. A single aseptic milk sample (20mL) was collected from all CMT-positive quarters and bulk tanks, whereas swab samples were collected from feces, hind limbs of the animals, bedding and milking parlor. Identification of K. pneumoniae was performed using conventional microbiology culture, biochemical assay and Polimerase Chain Reaction. The primers were designed and tested at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Zoonoses (FMVZ, Unesp-Botucatu) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. This study included 1067 animals. Six cases of intramammary infection by K. pneumoniae were detected in six different cows in two farms. Moreover, K. pneumoniae was isolated in 77 swabs (34 from bedding in 9 farms, 7 from waiting rooms in 5 farms, 6 from milking parlors in 4 farms, 11 from rectums in six farms, and 19 from hindlimbs in 7 farms. Molecular analysis confirmed the agent was K. pneumoniae. At least one strain of the agent was identified in a certain site in all farms, showing the need of maintaining the hygiene in dairy farms. Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Dept Vet Hyg &Publ Hlth, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2009/10864-7

The present research aimed to carry out an epidemiological study, recording the prevalence of Candida spp. causing infection, as well as the colonization, distribution of the different species in clinical specimens from different sectors of a university hospital, risk factors and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs. Over a one-year period, 100 samples of Candida from 67 patients were isolated and identified, which 74% were characterized as colonization and 26% as nosocomial infections. C. albicans was the most frequent (40%), followed by C. tropicalis (25%), C. parapsilosis (21%), C. glabrata (9%), C. rugosa (2%), C. novergensis (1%), C. krusei (1%) and C. guilliermondii (1%). Non-albicans Candida species represented 71.4% of the colonization cases and 52.1% of infection. C. albicans was the most common species found in secretions and blood, C. parapsilosis was the most isolated from venous catheter, while C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were the most frequently isolated species in probes. The hospital wards with the largest number of yeasts were the Intensive Care Units (45%). Renal failure and multiple traumas were the most frequent underlying diseases and the mainly risk factors for colonization or infection were antibiotic therapy and invasive procedures. Most of the samples showed high susceptibility to the antifungal agents studied. Epidemiological investigations of these agents in the hospital environment are very important, especially at the studied hospital, so that preventive measures may be taken against infections.

Background Leishmaniasis is a rapidly expanding zoonosis that shows increasing urbanization. Concern exists regarding the role of wildlife in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission, due to frequent natural or anthropogenic environmental changes that facilitate contact between wildlife, humans and their pets. The municipality of Campinas, in southeastern Brazil, initially recorded VL in 2009, when the first autochthonous case was confirmed in a dog living in an upscale residential condominium, located inside an environmentally protected area (EPA). Since then, disease transmission remains restricted to dogs inhabiting two geographically contiguous condominiums within the EPA. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a cross-sectional study of the VL focus to investigate Leishmania spp. infection in domestic dogs, wild mammals and sand flies using molecular tools and recommended serological techniques. Canine seroprevalences of 1.5% and 1.2% were observed in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Six insect species, confirmed or suspected vectors or potential transmitters of Leishmania, were identified. Two specimens of the main L. (L.) infantum vector in Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis, were captured in the EPA. Natural infection by L. (L.) infantum was recorded in one Expapillata firmatoi specimen and two Pintomyia monticola. Natural infection by L. (L.) infantum and Leishmania subgenus Viannia was also detected in two white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris), a known reservoir of VL. Geographical coordinates of each sampling of infected animals were plotted on a map of the EPA, demonstrating proximity between these animals, human residences, including the dogs positive for VL, and forest areas. Conclusions/Significance The EPA, which is inhabited by humans, has an active VL focus. The risk of establishing and maintaining disease transmission foci in similar scenarios, i.e. wild areas that undergo environmental modifications, is evident. Moreover, different epidemiological profiles of VL must be included to elaborate prevention and control measures that consider the particularities of each transmission area., Author summary Leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that represent a major public health problem in the world. New outbreaks have been recorded in the outskirts of some cities and phlebotomine vectors show geographic expansion, potentially associated with environmental and climate changes. We investigated a recent focus of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in dogs from two residential condominiums located in an environmentally protected area in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The purpose of the study was to investigate Leishmania (L.) infantum infection, the etiological agent of the disease, in vector insects (phlebotominae), domestic (dog) and wild hosts. Antibody prevalence was determined in 1.5% and 1.2% of dogs examined in 2013 and 2015, respectively. In addition, natural infection by the VL agent was confirmed in two species of sand flies and two white-eared opossums. All positive animals were captured near human residences and in forest areas. Scenarios like these, with changes in ecosystems and the proximity of wild and domestic animals and humans, can promote the occurrence of zoonoses. The participation of wildlife in the transmission cycle of zoonoses has assumed greater importance in recent years as a result of the consolidation of the One Health concept.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:10:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-06Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:24:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000335792300002.pdf: 230343 bytes, checksum: 990b70d175a4215dea8bca546583875d (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Regional Laboratory of Sorocaba - Adolfo Lutz Institute Background: With the aim of studying Leptospira spp. infection in sheep herds, blood samples and respective kidney and liver fragments were collected from 100 animals from twenty different properties during slaughter at a meat company in the Sorocaba region, Sao Paulo state, southeast Brazil. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed with 29 strains of Leptospira spp. To identify the agent in the liver and kidney, 100 samples of each tissue were submitted to culture in Fletcher medium and analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Leptospira spp.Results: MAT detected 23 samples serologically positive for one or more Leptospira spp. serovars and significantly more for Autumnalis. Eight (4%) samples were positive in culture (four kidneys and four livers), corresponding to five animals with positive serology (one animal simultaneously positive for both kidney and liver) and two negatives. PCR detected Leptospira spp. in 14 samples (seven kidneys and seven livers) corresponding to 12 positive animals (two animals simultaneously positive for kidney and liver), of which ten were serologically positive and two negative.Conclusions: PCR was faster, more practical and more sensitive than culture for detecting leptospires. The results reinforce the importance of sheep in the epidemiological context of leptospirosis. Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Husb,Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Adolfo Lutz Inst, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil Adolfo Lutz Inst CLR II, Bauru, SP, Brazil Paulista Agcy Agribusiness Technol APTA SAA, BR-17030000 Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Husb,Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 08/52537-0 FAPESP: 08/53714-2

Toxoplasmosis, caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is an worldwide parasitic disease, with significant importance for animal production and considerable impact to the public health. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic of the distribution of T. gondii in tissues of female Wistar rats and their puppies tissues, after the immunization by oral rote with irradiated tachyzoites. One week after pregnancy confirmation, rats was challenged by gavage with T. gondii bradyzoites, oocysts or tachyzoites of T. gondii. Forty-eight pregnant rats were grouped as follow: immunized and challenged with bradyzoites (BZ∗); non-immunized and challenged with bradyzoites (BZ); immunized and challenged with oocysts (OC∗); non-immunized and challenged with oocysts (OC); immunized and challenged with tachyzoites (TZ∗); non-immunized and challenged with tachyzoites (TZ); only immunized (I); control group (C). After parturition the rats were sacrificed and the tissues were researched for the DNA of T. gondii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the parasite load determined by the quantitative PCR (qPCR). It was verified that the immunization with irradiated tachyzoites of T. gondii induced the reduction of parasitic load in most organs analyzed, although not prevent the establishment of infection with the parasite. And also, the immunization showed a favorable effect on the birth rate and litter size.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T17:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:57Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-01 INTRODUÇÃO: Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum são parasitas Apicomplexa responsáveis por doenças sistêmicas em muitas espécies de animais, incluindo cães, o que representa grande importância em animais de estimação. MÉTODOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência da infecção de T. gondii e N. caninum em 50 cães com sinais neurológicos internados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) na Cidade de Botucatu, Brasil. Todos os animais foram examinados para detecção de anticorpos por IFAT para ambos os parasitas. Tecidos de animais positivos foram analisados por bioensaio em camundongos (T. gondii) e gerbilos (N. caninum) e o DNA foi pesquisado por PCR. Amostras positivas para T. gondii por PCR foram analisadas por meio de análise de restrição de fragmentos polimórficos (restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction - RFLP-PCR), utilizando-se 11 marcadores: SAG1, SAG2 (5'-3'SAG2 e, alt.SAG2), SAG3, Btub, GRA6, L358, c22 -8, C29-6, PK1 e Apico e o marcador CS3 para análise de virulência. RESULTADOS: Os anticorpos específicos foram detectados em 11/50 animais (22%; IC95% 12,8-35,3%) para T. gondii, e 7/50 (14%; IC95% 7,0-26,3%) para N. caninum. No bioensaio e PCR, 7/11 (63,6%; IC95% 34,9-84,8%) das amostras foram positivas para T. gondii, e 3/7 (42,9%; IC95% 15,7-75,5%) para N. caninum. Três diferentes genótipos foram identificados. Apenas um foi único. CONCLUSÕES: Estes dados confirmam a presença de T. gondii e N. caninum em cães do Brasil, e demonstra a importância do T. gondii como sentinela para a infecção e a variação genotípica deste parasita no Brasil. Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are related Apicomplexa parasites responsible for systemic diseases in many species of animals, including dogs. Methods: This study aimed to determine the occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in 50 dogs with neurological signs that were admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Estadual Paulista, City of Botucatu, Brazil. All animals were screened for antibodies using an immunofluorescent antibody test for both parasites. Tissues of positive animals were bioassayed in mice (T. gondii) and gerbils (N. caninum), and DNA was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples for T. gondii by PCR were typed using restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR for 11 markers: SAG1, SAG2 (5'-3'-SAG2 and alt.SAG2), SAG3, Btub, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1 and Apico, and CS3 marker for virulence analysis. Results: Specific antibodies were detected in 11/50 (22%; 95% confidence interval (CI95%), 12.8-35.3%) animals for T. gondii and 7/50 (14%; CI95%, 7.02-26.3%) for N. caninum. In the bioassay and PCR, 7/11 (63.6%; CI95%, 34.9-84.8%) samples were positive for T. gondii and 3/7 (42.9%; CI95% I, 15.7-75.5%) samples were positive for N. caninum. Three different genotypes were identified, but only 1 was unique. Conclusions: These data confirm the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum in dogs from Brazil, indicating the importance of this host as a sentinel of T. gondii for human beings, and the genotypic variation of this parasite in Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Higiene Vet & Saúde Publica, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Higiene Vet & Saúde Publica, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:50:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf: 404254 bytes, checksum: 2edccb943a2eaccb056108b713b26984 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf: 404254 bytes, checksum: 2edccb943a2eaccb056108b713b26984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf: 404254 bytes, checksum: 2edccb943a2eaccb056108b713b26984 (MD5) S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf.txt: 28684 bytes, checksum: 8d2739f60e8bc75d6a08f28eab8bcdfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf: 404254 bytes, checksum: 2edccb943a2eaccb056108b713b26984 (MD5) S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf.txt: 28684 bytes, checksum: 8d2739f60e8bc75d6a08f28eab8bcdfe (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf: 404254 bytes, checksum: 2edccb943a2eaccb056108b713b26984 (MD5) S0100-736X2011000900013.pdf.txt: 28684 bytes, checksum: 8d2739f60e8bc75d6a08f28eab8bcdfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A detecção de Leptospira pela técnica de PCR não havia sido descrita em serpentes. Este estudo investigou pelo teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT) e PCR, a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. e Leptospira spp., respectivamente, em serpentes peçonhentas e não peçonhentas de vida livre e de cativeiro. As serpentes foram divididas em três grupos para comparação: Grupo 1 (serpentes recém-chegadas da natureza - WS); Grupo 2 (serpentes em regime de cativeiro intensivo -IC) e Grupo 3 (serpentes em regime de cativeiro coletivo semi-extensivo - CC). do total de 147 serpentes estudadas, 52 (35,4%) foram positivas para leptospirose pelo MAT, as quais 8 (15,4%) pertenciam ao Grupo 1 (WS), 34 (65,4%) ao Grupo 2 (IC) e 10 (19,2%) ao Grupo 3 (CC). Das espécies estudadas, a jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) apresentou maior soropositividade (66,7%, N=22/33). O sorovar mais prevalente foi o Hardjo prajtino (88,5%, N=46/52) e os títulos variaram de 100 a 3200. Leptospira interrogans foi revelada por PCR nos rins e no fígado de caiçaca (Bothrops moojeni) e de jararaca-pintada (Bothrops pauloensis), mostrando 100% e 93% de identidade, respectivamente. Futuros estudos devem ser realizados para melhor compreensão do papel das serpentes como reservatório de leptospiras na natureza. Detection of Leptospira by PCR had not yet been described in snakes. This study investigated, by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and PCR, the presence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. and Leptospira spp., respectively, in venomous and non-venomous wildlife and captivity snakes. All snakes were divided into three groups to be compared: Group 1 (wildlife snakes - WS); Group 2 (snakes in intensive captivity - IC), and Group 3 (collective semi-extensive captivity -CC). of the 147 snakes studied, 52 (35.4%) were positive for leptospirosis by MAT, 8 (15.4%) belonging to Group 1 (WS), 34 (65.4%) to Group 2 (IC) and 10 (19.2%) to Group 3 (CC). Jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) presented the highest average titer (66.7%, N=22/33) among the three group studied, and Hardjo prajtino was the most prevalent serovar (88.5%, N=46/52), with titers varying from 100 to 3200. Leptospira interrogans was revealed by PCR in kidney and liver of caiçaca (Bothrops moojeni) and jararaca-pintada (Bothrops pauloensis), showing 100% and 93% identity respectively. Future studies should be carried out for better understanding of the role of snakes as a reservoir of Leptospira in nature. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos Universidade Estadual Paulista Escola de Medicina Unesp Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos Universidade Estadual Paulista Escola de Medicina Unesp Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses FAPESP: 08/51364-4

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612010000400013.pdf: 246150 bytes, checksum: 32423ac229af4fa3459ac8e95324d569 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612010000400013.pdf: 246150 bytes, checksum: 32423ac229af4fa3459ac8e95324d569 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612010000400013.pdf: 246150 bytes, checksum: 32423ac229af4fa3459ac8e95324d569 (MD5) S1984-29612010000400013.pdf.txt: 11039 bytes, checksum: 30209624c3291ee387b4aa567eb0303f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:38:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612010000400013.pdf: 246150 bytes, checksum: 32423ac229af4fa3459ac8e95324d569 (MD5) S1984-29612010000400013.pdf.txt: 11039 bytes, checksum: 30209624c3291ee387b4aa567eb0303f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612010000400013.pdf: 246150 bytes, checksum: 32423ac229af4fa3459ac8e95324d569 (MD5) S1984-29612010000400013.pdf.txt: 11039 bytes, checksum: 30209624c3291ee387b4aa567eb0303f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Neste trabalho, é relatada a infecção natural por Leishmania em um gato doméstico no qual, formas amastigotas do parasito foram observadas em imprint de linfonodo poplíteo. Reações sorológicas positivas e negativas foram observadas pelo teste de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA) e reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), respectivamente. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) revelou que a sequência de nucleotídeos foi idêntica à Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Este é o primeiro relato da doença em felino da cidade de Andradina, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, área considerada endêmica para leishmaniose visceral canina e humana. This work describes natural infection by Leishmania in a domestic cat where amastigote forms of the parasite were observed in the popliteal lymph node imprint. Positive and negative serological reactions were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the sample was identical to Leishmania (L.) chagasi. This is the first report of the disease in felines of the city of Andradina, SP, an area considered endemic for canine and human visceral leishmaniasis. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Parasitologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Fundação Educacional de Andradina Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Parasitologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal

The aim of this work was to molecularly detect Leishmania species in 52 cats from Andradina Municipality, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The direct parasitological test was performed by using imprints of poplited lymph node, bone marrow and spleen to verify amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. The samples that were positive parasitological tests were subjected to molecular analysis (PCR) and sequencing. Infection was detected for 5.76% (3/52) of the examined cats and two had presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. in lymph nodes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of kinetoplast minicircle DNA, indicated positive amplification for samples of spleen and lymph nodes and the sequencing resulted in 97% similarity with Leishmania (L.) chagasi. This study proved the occurrence of infection with Leishmania (L.) chagasi in felines from Andradina municipality, Sao Paulo State.

Toxoplasmosis is the major parasitic disease affecting sheep. It is important for veterinary medicine, animal science and public health since it causes reproductive and economic losses in the herd, as well as damaging human health due to consumption of contaminated meat and milk, which can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in ovine milk and lack of data in the literature describing differentiation between acute and chronic disease for this species stimulated the elaboration of the present research project. To achieve the aim of this study, the animals were allocated to two groups of 20 ewes each, of which group 1 was composed of animals with positive serology and group 2 with negative serology. Acute and chronic stages of the disease were differentiated by modified direct agglutination test (MAT), in which antigens were fixed with formalin (MAT-AF) and methanol (MAT-AM). The parasite was detected in milk by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the molecular identity of the amplified products was confirmed by sequencing. The serological results indicated that sheep had a chronic infection profile. T. gondii DNA was detected in seven milk samples from five seropositive sheep, and twice in milk of two sheep. Sequences of species shared 97-100% identity with T. gondii. These findings allowed the hypothesis that the peripartum period may also lead to the resurgence of tissue T. gondii tachyzoites cysts which can circulate again and be excreted in the milk. This study used sheep naturally infected with T. gondii as a prerequisite for further investigations on the possible participation of this species in toxoplasmosis epidemiology and as a potential transmission route related to consumption of milk from infected sheep.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:24:04Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:30:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-77149162717.pdf: 439691 bytes, checksum: e74b50b8b8294d58e9c5fdaa18df1967 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Background. Several pathogens that cause important zoonotic diseases have been frequently associated with armadillos and other xenarthrans. This mammal group typically has evolved on the South American continent and many of its extant species are seriously threatened with extinction. Natural infection of armadillos with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in hyperendemic areas has provided a valuable opportunity for understanding the role of this mammal in the eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America. Findings. This study aimed to detect P. brasiliensis in different xenarthran species (Dasypus novemcinctus, Cabassous spp., Euphractus sexcinctus, Tamandua tetradactyla and Myrmecophaga tridactyla), by molecular and mycological approaches, in samples obtained by one of the following strategies: i) from road-killed animals (n = 6); ii) from naturally dead animals (n = 8); iii) from animals that died in captivity (n = 9); and iv) from living animals captured from the wild (n = 2). Specific P. brasiliensis DNA was detected in several organs among 7/20 nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus) and in 2/2 anteaters (M. tridactyla). The fungus was also cultured in tissue samples from one of two armadillos captured from the wild. Conclusion. Members of the Xenarthra Order, especially armadillos, have some characteristics, including a weak cellular immune response and low body temperature, which make them suitable models for studying host-pathogen interaction. P. brasiliensis infection in wild animals, from PCM endemic areas, may be more common than initially postulated and reinforces the use of these animals as sentinels for the pathogen in the environment. © 2009 Bagagli et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biocincias de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP Departamento de Geografia Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Cincias Humanas Universidade de so Paulo, So Paulo, SP Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biocincias de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:02:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0365-05962012000500023.pdf: 178659 bytes, checksum: 92f44eef0c1f427cbad46207333a199e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:02:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0365-05962012000500023.pdf: 178659 bytes, checksum: 92f44eef0c1f427cbad46207333a199e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0365-05962012000500023.pdf: 178659 bytes, checksum: 92f44eef0c1f427cbad46207333a199e (MD5) S0365-05962012000500023.pdf.txt: 5779 bytes, checksum: d0dd10972b34cb286bf432de9c66f1ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:16:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0365-05962012000500023.pdf: 178659 bytes, checksum: 92f44eef0c1f427cbad46207333a199e (MD5) S0365-05962012000500023.pdf.txt: 5779 bytes, checksum: d0dd10972b34cb286bf432de9c66f1ac (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0365-05962012000500023.pdf: 178659 bytes, checksum: 92f44eef0c1f427cbad46207333a199e (MD5) S0365-05962012000500023.pdf.txt: 5779 bytes, checksum: d0dd10972b34cb286bf432de9c66f1ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Piedra branca é micose superficial causada pelo gênero Trichosporon e caracterizada por nódulos aderidos à haste do pelo. Pediculose capitis é causada pelo Pediculus humanus var. capitis pertencente à subordem Anoplura. Enquanto que a pediculose é enfermidade comum, relatos clínicos de piedra branca são raros. Técnicas de biologia molecular identificaram o agente de piedra branca do presente relato como T.inkin. Os autores apresentam associação de ambas as infestações no mesmo paciente para salientar seus aspectos clínicos distintos. White piedra is a superficial mycosis caused by the genus Trichosporon. It is characterized by nodules on the hair shaft. Pediculosis capitis is caused by Pediculus humanus var. capitis of the suborder Anoplura. Whereas pediculosis is a common infestation, clinical reports of white piedra are rare. Molecular biology procedures identified T. inkin as the agent of white piedra in this case report. The authors present associations between the two diseases in the same patient in order to highlight their clinical differences. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Road-killed wild animals have been for years used for surveillance of vectors of zoonotic pathogens and may offer new opportunities for eco-epidemiological studies. In the current study, fungal infection was evaluated by PCR and nested-PCR in tissue samples collected from 19 road-killed wild animals. The necropsies were carried out and samples were collected for DNA extraction. Results, using PCR with a panfungal primer and nested PCR with specific primers, indicated that some animals are naturally infected with Amauroascus aureus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Emmonsia parva, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis or Pichia stipitis. The approach employed herein proved useful for detecting the environmental occurrence of several fungi, as well as determining natural reservoirs in wild animals and facilitating the understanding of host-pathogen relationships. São Paulo State Univ UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Vet Med & Anim Husb, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Botucatu, SP, Brazil São Paulo State Univ UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Biosci Inst, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Sch Philosophy Literature & Human Sci, Dept Geog, São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo State Univ UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Vet Med & Anim Husb, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Botucatu, SP, Brazil São Paulo State Univ UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Biosci Inst, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 05/56771-9 FAPESP: 06/03597-4

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:11:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0037-86822012000300025.pdf: 1617439 bytes, checksum: afbe2161598f0317cdad6ca02ea6764a (MD5) S0037-86822012000300025.pdf.txt: 11377 bytes, checksum: 1db85df606da7eb472a0cdc60ceda956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 INTRODUÇÃO: Piedra branca é micose superficial causada por fungos do gênero Trichosporon e caracterizado por nódulos firmemente aderidos à haste do pêlo. MÉTODOS: Os autores relatam casos familiares encaminhados como pediculose. Foram utilizados cultura em ágar Mycosel® e identificação molecular. RESULTADOS: Exame micológico revelou a infecção por Trichosporon spp. A identificação molecular demonstrou se tratar do Trichosporon inkin. CONCLUSÕES: Piedra branca e infecção pelo T. inkin são raramente relatados na região sudeste do Brasil. A identificação molecular é essencial para correta determinação de espécies no gênero Trichosporon. INTRODUCTION: White piedra is a superficial mycosis caused by the genus Trichosporon and characterized by nodules on hair shaft. METHODS: The authors report a family referred to as pediculosis. Mycological culture on Mycosel® plus molecular identification was performed to precisely identify the etiology. RESULTS: A Trichosporon spp. infection was revealed. The molecular procedure identified the agent as Trichosporon inkin. CONCLUSIONS: White piedra and infection caused by T. inkin are rarely reported in Southern Brazil. The molecular tools are essentials on identifying the Trichosporon species. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada às Zoonoses Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada às Zoonoses Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia