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A random sample of 40 goats was used to study the partitioning, yield and composition of milk: 8 of Saanen breed (S), 8 of Damascus breed (D), 8 crossbreds Saanen × Local Greek goat (S × L), 8 backcrosses Saanen × Local Greek goat {(S × L) × S} and 8 crossbreds Saanen × Alpine (S × A). Four dams of each genotype were of the first and four of the second parity. Goats were milked twice daily (8:00, 18:00 h) in a 1 × 12 side by side milking parlour with 6 milking units. Milk yield and milk fractions (machine milk, machine stripped milk and hand stripped milk) were recorded twice daily each 14 days (from 7 th -8 th to 29 th week of lactation). Milk composition was examined once a month separately for morning and afternoon samples. The ponderable mean was used for the calculation of milk fat, protein and lactose percentage. The results of the experiment showed that milk partitioning in purebred and crossbred goats ranged on satisfactory levels (machine milk - MM: morning 69.8-81.6%, afternoon 66.2-77.4%; machine stripping milk - MSM: morning 12.2-19.3%, afternoon 19.2-23.4%; hand stripping milk - HSM: morning 6.1-10.9%, afternoon 5.4-11.9%; total machine milk - TMM: morning 89-94.6%, afternoon 88-94.6%). The effect of breed (crossbred) was found to be significant for all milk fractions (ml and %, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The effect of parity was significant except for MSM (%) and HSM (%). The effect of lactation stage (control day) and the animals was also found to be significant ( P < 0.001). The fat percentage of S, D, S × L, S × A and (S × L) × L was 3.82, 5.1, 4.8, 3.88 and 3.95%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Protein percentage ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% in the different genotypes ( P < 0.001) while lactose percentage was from 4.51 to 4.66%. In conclusion it may be said that imported dairy goat breeds and different crosses with local Greek breed are characterized by good milkability. So the best technique of machine milking is the "routine" milk - ing without applying hand stripping.

Purpose of the study : Monitoring of primary resistance in HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia and FSU countries is the important task of HIV infection molecular epidemiology. The data of HIV molecular epidemiology are absent or limited in many FSU countries. IDU-A variant of HIV-1 subtype A has been dominating in Russia (>90%) and other FSU countries since 1996. Additionally, the Central Asian region (e.g. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) is characterized by relatively wide spread of CRF02_AG recombinant.The aim of our study was the analysis of HIV primary drug resistance in HIV-1 variants from Kazakhstan. Methods: Blood collection from the HIV-infected naive patients was carried out by local specialists. The study was performed with the informed consent of patients. All sequences of pol gene were analyzed by COMETv0.1 and HIVdb on-line programs. The phylogenetic analysis and tropism testing were carried out by MEGA4.0 and geno2pheno. Summary of results : 51 PBMC samples were analyzed. According to pol gene phylogenetic analysis and genotyping 24 (47.0%) samples belonged to recombinant CRF02_AG; 25 (49.0%) - to subtype A1; 2 (3.9%) - to CRF03_AB circulating in Russia and some FSU countries. Only one subtype A1 sample had D30N mutation in Pro-region that cause high-level resistance to NFV. All AG-samples had K20I substitution which is characteristic for HIV-1 subtype A and G and is believed to be associated with resistance to LPV and NFV. In addition, we found that 2 AG-samples had L10V and L76I substitutions, accordingly. Two A1-subtype samples studied had L10I and K43T, accordingly. A62V characteristic mutation in RT-region was found in 12 (48%) subtype A1-samples. One of them had M184I mutation as well. Besides, we found 3 A1-samples harboring NNRTIs resistance mutations - K103N, G190S, K238N, accordingly. Further we analyzed IN region of pol -gene in 16 and env -gene in 23 samples studied. We found only one E157Q mutation (in CRF03_AB sample) in IN region. As to tropism, only two subtype A1 and 1 CRF03_AB samples belonged to X4/X4R5 variant, all these A1-subtype samples harbored A62V and one of them - G190S in RT region of pol -gene; the other samples were treated as R5 variants. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated the low level of HIV primary drug resistance in Kazakhstan. HIV-1 subtype A variant dominates on this territory, but CRF02_AG recombinant is rather widespread as well. CRF02_AG variant studied has characteristic features in Pro region compared with IDU-A. (Published: 11 November 2012) Citation: Abstracts of the Eleventh International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Lapovok I et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012, 15 (Suppl 4):18209 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/18209 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.15.6.18209