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A research group of Animal Science Faculty of Brawijaya University introduced and implemented Frozen sexed semen Artificial Insemination to 120 beef cattle farmers in Palang Village, Tuban Regency, East Java, from 2017 to 2019. The result of the program reported that the success rate of the technology is quite high, with the birth rate of male claves up to 80%. However, farmers’ adoption rate of the technology was relatively low. This research aims to evaluate factors that affected the adoption rate including the technology, characteristics of respondents, and the extension agents. Primary data were collected through a census of 120 farmers involved in the program and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Secondary data were collected through related documents including reports of the programs, Statistics, and other related documents. This research utilized Quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data of the study indicated that respondents have neutral perceptions of the Frozen Semen Sexing Artificial Insemination. Although male calves relatively have a higher price, more than 50% of respondents did not expect specific sexing for the calves. In-depth interview data revealed that the success of the Artificial insemination technology is more valuable for the farmers rather than the sexing. Characteristics of respondents and the extension agents played significant roles in the adoption rate of the Frozen Sexed Semen Artificial Insemination technology adoption in Palang Village, Tuban Regency, East Java.

The quality of liquid semen with coconut water as diluent could be preserved up to 3 to 4 days during cold storage at 4 - 5oC. In this research, the successful insemination rate of coconut water-based diluent Boer goat liquid semen was observed to understand the application of coconut water as semen diluent. The materials used in this research were 5 to 7 months Viridis coconut water, liquid semen from 3 years old Boer buck, 30 does for acceptor, and Tris-aminomethane added with 10% egg yolk (EY) as a control diluent. The Boer semen was collected once a week by using artificial vagina, diluted and then stored before used for insemination. The insemination was done by using intra-cervical method at position 3, started with estrous synchronization by using 2 mL PGF2α. The research was conducted as experimental method under randomized group design with two treatments, that were Tris-aminomethane + 10% EY (P0) and coconut water + 10% EY (P1). All of the treatments were repeated for 15 times and the collected data were analyzed with Pearson’s chi square with Genstat 18 program. The observed variables include non-return rate and kidding rate. The results showed that the first non-return rate of P1 were 93.33% and in P0 were 73.33%, while the second non-return rate of P1 were 93.33% and in P0 were 80%. Furthermore, the kidding rate of P1 were 40% and P0 were 66.66%. The Pearson’s chi square analysis showed that there was no effect of coconut water as semen diluent to the kidding rate. The research concludes that the usage of coconut water as semen diluent did not affect the successful insemination rate of Boer goat.

Artificial Insemination (AI) in this study uses the results of sexing liquid semen, which aims to get the calf following the objective of the breeding institution that is producing Bali cows. The study was conducted at Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul and Hijauan Pakan Ternak located in Pangyangan, Pulukan Sub district, Jembrana Regency, Bali. The study was conducted on July 7, 2019 until November 7, 2019. The research material was 45 Bali heifers. Bali heifer was synchronized using Enzaprost@, after showing signs of estrus, double doses artificial insemination at 2 hours after estrus and 8 hours after estrus. The Bali heifer was inseminated with non-sexing and sexing liquid semen using andromed diluent, P0 = non-sexing liquid semen, P1 = liquid semen by the Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (PDGC) method in the lower layer and P2 = liquid semen by the Egg White Gradient Sedimentation (EWS) method in the upper layer. Pregnancy evaluation is calculated based on Non-Return Rate (NRR) and Conception Rate (CR). The results showed Non-Return Rate (NRR) P0, P1 and P2 = 86.67%, 60% and 53.33%. While the Conception Rate (CR) at P0, P1 and P2 is 53.33%, 13.33% and 26.67%.

The factors that influence the success of Artificial Insemination is affected by acceptors that will be used for AI which have a good Body Condition Score, because BCS has a relationship with animal reproduction, such as fertility and pregnancy. The purpose of this research was to evaluate and determine the relationship of Body Condition Score (BCS) on Service per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). The material used was 80 Brahman Cross (BX) cows, the sample was selected by Purposive Sampling with the criteria 2-3 years old with body weight ranged from 300-500 kg, gave birth, and BCS between 4-7 (scale 1-9). The method used in this study was the survey method. The variables observed were the relationship between Body Condition Score (BCS), Service per conception (S/C), and Conception Rate (CR). The data was obtained by using correlation analysis and also a simple regression with the SPSS 2.0 software program, then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the equation of relationship between BCS and S/C variables obtained r = 0.961% and the regression value equation y = -25.998 + 1.520x (R2) 23.9%. The relationship between BCS and CR variables obtained a value of r = 0.976% and BCS regression equation value with CR y = -39.727 + 1.109x (R 2 ) 29.5%. The research thus concludes that there is a positive relationship that is being between BCS on the S/C and CR of Brahman Cross cows.

Artificial insemination using liquid semen is beneficial for areas where liquid nitrogen is not available. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of artificial insemination using liquid semen with different diluents based on non-return rate (NRR) and conception rate (CR). Research location is at BPTU-HPT Denpasar Breeding Center Pulukan. The material used in this study is Bali cattle which have a Body Condition score (BCS) of 2.5-3 (scale 1-5), physically fit, not pregnant, no reproductive disorders. The method used in this study was experimental field 3 treatments and 20 replications. The number of cows used was 60, each of which was treated 20 cows: PO = AI using andromed diluent , P 1 = AI using Tris aminomethane diluent + 20% egg yolk, P2 = AI using CEP-3 + 20% egg yolk diluent . Before conducting AI cows in estrus synchronization using PGF2α (Enzaprost -T) then in AI using liquid semen that is stored 1-3 days with an average motility of each treatment P0, P1, P2: 57 ± 6,19; 60 ± 5,65; 57 ± 5,63 . AI uses a double dose at the second and eighth hour after estrus. The results of each treatment P0, P1 and P2 are NRR1: 80%, 60%, 50%; CR = 45%, 40%, 35%. The conclusion of this study is that diluted andromed (P0) has a higher success rate when compared to P1 and P2.

Bulls for artificial insemination must qualify as a superior bull that has good genetic quality and semen production. Therefore, the selection process for bulls must be carried out accurately. The study aims to determine the relationship between scrotal circumference with semen production in the Ongole crossbred, Bali, Madura and Brahman bulls. The research materials were four breeds of bull Ongole crossbred, Bali, Madura and Brahman, which are each breed consist of ten bulls. The research methods were measuring scrotal circumference volume, spermatozoa concentration and individual motility of spermatozoa, Total Spermatozoa per ejaculate (TS) and Total Motile Spermatozoa per ejaculate (TMS). The observations performed as much as ten replications for each bull. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with randomized group design. Furthermore, the relationship between scrotal circumferences with semen production was analyzed by using Pearson correlation and the effect of the scrotal circumference with semen production was calculated by linear regression. The results showed the breed of cattle influences the production of spermatozoa in Ongole crossbred, Bali, Madura and Brahman bulls. The largest scrotal circumference was the highest semen production in Brahman bull, 3.682 Cm with total spermatozoa 8.000,24+2.289 million/ml and total motile spermatozoa 4,667.60+2,289 million/ml. Ongole crossbred bull have a scrotum circumference of 34.50±4.80 cm with total spermatozoa 6,192.55±2,102.88 million/ejaculate and total motile spermatozoa 4,225.75±1,465.56 million/ejaculate. Bali bull scrotum circumference 32.50±2.65 cm, total spermatozoa 7,033.19±2,024.98 million/ejaculate and 4,908.36±1,494.30 total motile spermatozoa 4,908.36±1,494.30 million/ejaculate. Madura bull have a scrotum circumference of 33.88±2.17 cm, 5,349.24±2,183.97 million/ejaculate and the total motile spermatozoa are 3,460.48±1,414.20 million/ejaculate. In conclusion, scrotal circumferences of the bull have a contribution to the production of spermatozoa, where the bulls with the largest of scrotal circumferences have the highest semen production. Moreover, there is no correlation between scrotum circumferences with spermatozoa production.

Pregnancy is a condition when a fetus began to develop in the uterus of the cow. Early pregnancy detection becomes important as it would determine the success of breeding management as well as to achieve the best productivity. This study aimed to evaluate and observe the pregnancy rate and reproductive disorders of Brahman Cross (BX) cows and compare the results to the Ultrasonography (USG) observation. The materials of the study were 80 BX cows selected through a purposive sampling method with the following criteria: aged 2-3 years, weighed 300-500 kg, has at least calved once and had the body condition score (BCS) at 4-7 (in 1-9 scale). This study was conducted as experimental research, with 40 BX cows were artificially inseminated with Ongole crossbred (PO) semen at 0-2 h interval and the other 40 BX cows were at 8-10 h interval from the estrous detection. All of the BX cows were firstly synchronized with PGF2α (LUTALYSE) and then inseminated with PO semen (>40% motility) as according to the Indonesian standard. The pregnancy rate of the BX cows was observed through rectal palpation and 17β-estradiol hormone observation and further examined for the reproductive disorders by using USG. The obtained data were then analyzed descriptively and the results showed that 0-2 h insemination had a higher success of pregnancy (32.5%) compared to the 8-10 h interval (27.5%). Moreover, the highest 17β-estradiol in the inseminated BX cows was at 5,765 ng/ml, while the lowest was at is 0.41 ng/ml. The USG observation showed that 6 BX cows (7%) in this study had a follicular cyst, 2 BX cows (2.25%) had persistent corpus luteum and 1 BX cows (1.25%) had ovarian hypofunction.

The purpose of artificial insemination using sexing semen was to obtain the calf according to the expected sex. This study aimed to determine the success of artificial insemination in non-sexing and sexing of frozen semen. The materials used in this research were 77 non-sexing artificial insemination acceptor cows and 77 sexing artificial insemination acceptor cows with double dose treatment. The method used in this study was experimental field experiment with the research treatment: P0 = frozen non-sexing semen straw and P1 = frozen semen of spermatozoa Y by sexing method using Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (SGDP) produced by Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan (BBIB) Singosari. The variables of this study were Non Return Rate (NRR), Service Per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study in each non-sexing and sexing artificial insemination treatment were: the percentage of NRR 1 were 90.91% and 77.92%, followed by NRR 2 with 88.31% and 76.62%, the pregnancy percentage were 84.42% and 75.33%, and the CR values were 79.22% and 57.14%. The conclusion of this study was artificial insemination using frozen non-sexing semen had a higher success rate compared to artificial insemination using frozen sexing semen.

Artificial Insemination (AI) using sexed semen produce sex of calf as expected. There are various methods of sexed semen has been found. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of sexed semen methods using egg white sedimentation and percoll density gradient centrifugation toward motility and ratio of X and Y sperm Filial Ongole Cattle. Semen was collected using Artificial Vagina (AV) from Filial Ongole Cattle, evaluated and then separated using egg white sedimentation and percoll density gradient centrifugation technique. Only fresh semen with a minimum of 70% individual motile sperm and 2+ mass motility used in this study. Andromed as a based extender was diluted using aquabidest with 1:4 ratio. The obtained data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan test if there was significant or very significant different. The result showed that the sexing methods (non sexing sperm, upper and under fraction using percoll density gradient centrifugation, upper and under fraction using egg white sedimentation technique) had very significant effect (P

The aim of this research was to know the storage media with the best temperature to maintain the quality of Ongole crossbred bull liquid semen diluted with tris aminomethan without raffinose + 20% egg yolk. The material used in this research was semen obtained from Ongole crossbred bull located in Sumber Sekar Laboratory of Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Brawijaya Malang. The method was used in laboratory experimental research with experimental design used 5 treatments with 5 replications, there were M1 (thermos containing ice cubes with temperature 0 o C), M2 (refrigerator temperature 3-5 o C), M3 (thermos containing ice water with temperature 9 o C), M4 (thermos containing water with temperature 25 o C), and M5 (empty thermos with temperature 28 o C). The variables observed were motility, viability, abnormality, and total motile sperm. Data were analyzed using Randomized Block Design, total motile sperm tested using Pearson's Chi Square with expectation value of 40 million motile sperm/ml. The result of this research showed that the storage media had a significant effect on the quality of Ongole crossbred bull liquid semen of motility, viability, and abnormality. Total motile sperm at the 3 rd hour showed significantly different M3 and M4 (P

The purpose of this research was to investigate the successful difference of artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen and liquid semen with CEP-3 + egg yolk diluent of Ongole Crossbred cow indicated by Non Return Rate (NRR) and Conception Rate (CR). The materials used were 54 heads of cow which selected purposively using some criteria such as healthy, free from any reproduction disorder and having at least sexual desire criteria 3A (red, swollen and warm). This field experiment consisted of direct observation and interview to acquire primary and secondary data. The datas were analyzed descriptively and continued by Chi-square test. The results showed that the value of NRR was insignificant influenced between the two treatment. The Conception Rate for frozen semen and liquid semen was found 62.96% and 51.85% respectively. The conclusion of this experiment was the successful rate of artificial insemination (AI) using liquid semen with the CEP-3 + 20% egg yolk diluent was lower than artificial insemination using frozen semen. The value of Conception Rate of frozen semen treatment was 62.96% and the liquid semen treatment was 51.85%.

Objective: The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mammae Hand Massages (MHM) on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows.Methods: Twelve dairy cows with the following criterion: 5-yr-old, 1st to 9th month of lactation, and average body weight of 390 ± 5.55 kg were used. Cows were assigned in a randomized block design with 4 treatments, i.e T0 (without massage), T1 (MHM for 20 s), T2 (MHM for 50 s), and T3 (MHM for 80 s). Oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality were measured accordingly.Results: The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that MHM had a very significant effect on milk production (P .Conclusions: It can be concluded that MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 seconds increases the release of oxytocin, milk production, and milk quality in terms of the percentage of milk protein and fat content.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of PGF2α injection on onset oestrus and pregnancy rate of Brahman Cross (BX) heifer at Breeding Unit of PT. Pasir Tengah, Cianjur-West Java. Oestrus synchronization was carried out by intramuscular injection of 5 ml of the synthetic PGF2α in active corpus luteum phase. Oestrus observed 24 hours after PGF2α injection. Artificial insemination with frozen semen was conducted 8h after observed estrous. The material used in this research were 40 heifers given a PGF2α injection and 40 heifers without injection. The method used is experimental design, if there were a significant result, continued tested by Chi-square method. The variable observed were onset estrous (every 4 hours after PGF2α injection), characteristic of estrous (visual characteristic in estrous condition) and conception rate. The result showed that oestrus response or degree of synchronizing after PGF2α injection was good. 21 heifers were shown onset estrous mostly on days-30 until days-40 after 5 ml injection. The other hand, PGF2α has no effect on pregnancy rate. Pregnancy rate was found 53% for heifers with PGF2α injection and 63% for heifers without PGF2α injection, Determination Pregnancy rate was performed by using Non-Return Rate score.

The purpose of this research is to acknowledge the difference of AI time towards Brahman Cross Cow’s pregnancy rate determined by time and Non Return Rate (NRR). The subjects in this research are 75 female Brahman Cross. Methods that were used during this research are fiels testing. Selection method of the sample livestock used is Purpose Sampling with criterias : Female adult cow with weight >250kg, aged 1,5 – 2 years, healthy, and free from any disease, and at least have mating urge. Materials used during this research are frozen cow semen that acquired from Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB) Lembang, Bandung, West Java widh 35-40% motility. The variabels are Cow’s pregnancy and mating urge’s symptomps. Data acquired duringthis reserch are analyzed descriptively and chi-square tested. Supportive datas are food and valuefrom heat detector (HD). Research result shows that Brahman Cross species which AI within 0-4 hours interval have higher CR according to NRR1, which is 70%. Compared with the other breed that AI within 8-12 hour interval, which had 37,14% CR value. According to chi-square test, the difference of AI time of Brahman Cross are p

The purpose of this study was to measure the motility of Madura bull spermatozoa using three different diluents (tris aminomethane, CEP-2 and skim milk) duringcold storage. The research material used were 2 Madura bulls. Collecting semen method used artificial vagina, followed by fresh semen analysis and processing of liquid semen. Observation of liquid semen quality was carried out up to the 5th days of cold storage. Motility examination of semen liquid used Computerized Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), namely SCA v.5.2. The parameters measured were: progressive motility, motility, velocity straight linear (VSL), velocity curve linear (VCL), velocity average pathway (VAP), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB), hyperactivity (H), Beat cross frequency (BCF), amplitude lateral head (ALH). Data was analyzed by Minitab 17. Motility and progressive motility of spermatozoa in tris aminomethane and CEP-2 were higher than skim milk for 5 days of cold storage. The VCL value of tris aminomethane was higher than CEP-2 and skim milk. VSL scores barely show the difference among diluents. VAP values in tris aminomethaneand CEP-2 are higher than skim milk at the beginning of storage. The LIN, STR and WOB values of the CEP-2 and skim milk yield higher values than tris aminomethane. The percentage value of hyperactivity spermatozoa was same among diluents. The ALH value of trisaminomethane was higher than CEP-2 and skim milk. BCF values in CEP-2 was higher than skim milk and tris aminomethane. Tris aminomethane and CEP-2 can support the motility of Madura bull spermatozoa than skim milkfor 5 days of storage

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of characteristics of cervical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) as conception rate (CR). The study materials were 112 composite cattle in estrus. Fifty five composite heifers and 57 composite cows. Samples of cervical mucus were examined for amount and consistency. The amount of the cervical mucus was studied based on its much, little and nothing of secretion the cervical mucus while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The measurement of vaginal temperature was conducted by digital thermometer. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the 60 th days post insemination. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square. Findings showed that the conception rates of composite cattle with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 66.67%, 68.00%, 35.71% on composite cows and 37.03%, 50.00%, 37.50% on composite heifers. The vaginal temperature with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 38.7±1.0 o C, 38.9±0.7 o C, 38.6±0.5 o C. It was concluded that characteristics of servical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) gave effect to conception rate. It was suggested that optimum time to artificial insemination (AI) of composite cattle was on thick and thin secretion of servical mucus. Keywords : Cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, artificial insemination (AI), composite cattle, conception rate (CR).

Testing of spermatozoa fertility in vivo is needed to find out the extent of the ability of spermatozoa fertilization in the female reproductive tract. The fertility ability of spermatozoa in fertilizing the ovum is indicated by the number of fertile eggs from the number of eggs incubated resulting from the mating with Artificial Insemination (AI). The aim of this research is to know the percentage of fertility of eggs from AI using semen which has been stored cold for 8 hours on Ringe's diluent with the addition of antioxidant glutathione. Collection semen with teaser female method is done in Poultry Breeder Installation of Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian (STPP) Malang. The 30 female chickens were divided into 3 groups of treatment P0: AI using fresh semen with Ringer's diluent, P1: AI using cold cement with Ringer's Diluent (8 hours duration storage) and P2: AI using cold semen with 0.5 mM addition in Diluent Ringe's (8 hours duration storage). Experiment design using Complete Randomized Design (RAL) and nonparametric data analysis with chi-square. The observed variable was egg fertility calculated based on egg fertility percentage. The results showed that the dilution treatment had a significant effect (P

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of castration to Wagyu crossbreed cattle production performance based on age difference and know the appropriate age to do castration. The materials used in this research were 37 heads of 3-month old and 28 heads 4 months calf castration. The method was case studies with purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using unpaired t test. The results showed that the calf castration age of 3 months and 4 months showed significantly different (P

The purpose of this research was to know about the successfully artificial insemination (AI) using frozen and liquid semen of Ongole cross (PO) cattle indicated by Service per Conception (S/C), Days Open (DO) dan Conception Rate (CR). The materials used were 60 heads of Ongole crossbred cattle which were selected purposively using some criteria, such as having calving experience, healthy, and free from any reproduction disorder. This field experiment consisted of direct observation and interview to acquire primary and secondary data. Datas were analyzed descriptively and continued by a paired t-test. The results showed that the value of (S/C) was very significantly different (P0.05). CR for P1, P2, P3, and P4 was found 63.33% , 86.67%, 16.33%, 83.33% respectively. The conclusion of this research was AI using frozen and liquid semen with only 5 days preservation had a difference on the value of service per conception. The most successfull AI was found higher in the liquid semen which was stored for 1 and 5 days than that of frozen semen. Key words : semen, service per conception, days open, calving interval

This study aims to determine the effect of the substitution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with cattle blood serum and egg white in the diluent of Cauda epididymal Plasma 2 (CEP-2) on sperm quality of Limousin cattle during cooling at 3-5 C. The research material used was rejected Limousin bull sperm (motility of 50-60%) from Artificial Insemination Centre Singosari, Malang. This research was a laboratory experiment using a randomized block design which was composed of six treatments with 10 replications, those were T0 as controls ((90% CEP-2 with BSA + 10% egg yolk); T1 (83.84% CEP-2 + 6.16% cattle blood serum + 10% egg yolk); T2 (81.84% CEP-2 + 8.16% cattle blood serum + 10% egg yolk); dan T3 (90% CEP-2 + 0,4% egg white + 10% egg yolk); T4 (90% CEP-2 + 0.8% egg white + 10% egg yolk); and T5 (90% CEP-2 without BSA + 10% egg yolk). Parameters measured were the percentage of motility, viability, and abnormality of sperms. Results of research after 48 hours of storage showed that the percentage of sperm motility in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were 40.50±5.90, 36±36.16, 34.00±6.58, 40.50±3.69, 38.50±3.37, and 38.50±4.12, respectively, while the percentage of sperms viability were 75.16±4.30, 70.50±2.88, 73.80±2.80, 74.80±3.30, 75.13±3.13, and 74.03±4.13, respectively, and the percentage of sperms abnormality were 10.14±2.34, 10.62±1.34, 11.33±2.00, 10.94±2.82, 10.02±1.95, and 10.78±1.96, respectively. In conclusion, CEP-2 diluent with or without the addition of 19% egg yolk in BSA and the substitution of BSA with 0.4-0.8% egg white can maintain semen quality to hour of 48 in cold storage.This study aims to determine the effect of the substitution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with cattle blood serum and egg white in the diluent of Cauda epididymal Plasma 2 (CEP-2) on sperm quality of Limousin cattle during cooling at 3-5 C. The research material used was rejected Limousin bull sperm (motility of 50-60%) from Artificial Insemination Centre Singosari, Malang. This research was a laboratory experiment using a randomized block design which was composed of six treatments with 10 replications, those were T0 as controls ((90% CEP-2 with BSA + 10% egg yolk); T1 (83.84% CEP-2 + 6.16% cattle blood serum + 10% egg yolk); T2 (81.84% CEP-2 + 8.16% cattle blood serum + 10% egg yolk); dan T3 (90% CEP-2 + 0,4% egg white + 10% egg yolk); T4 (90% CEP-2 + 0.8% egg white + 10% egg yolk); and T5 (90% CEP-2 without BSA + 10% egg yolk). Parameters measured were the percentage of motility, viability, and abnormality of sperms. Results of research after 48 hours of storage showed that the percentage of sperm motility in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were 40.50±5.90, 36±36.16, 34.00±6.58, 40.50±3.69, 38.50±3.37, and 38.50±4.12, respectively, while the percentage of sperms viability were 75.16±4.30, 70.50±2.88, 73.80±2.80, 74.80±3.30, 75.13±3.13, and 74.03±4.13, respectively, and the percentage of sperms abnormality were 10.14±2.34, 10.62±1.34, 11.33±2.00, 10.94±2.82, 10.02±1.95, and 10.78±1.96, respectively. In conclusion, CEP-2 diluent with or without the addition of 19% egg yolk in BSA and the substitution of BSA with 0.4-0.8% egg white can maintain semen quality to hour of 48 in cold storage.

The purpose of this research was to analyse the quality and storability of native chicken semen at room temperature after diluted with physiological saline solution (NaCl) supplemented with noni fruit extract. Research methodology used was nested randomized design which variables observed covering the quality of chicken spermatozoa macroscopically and microscopically with the doses of noni fruit extract of 0 % (P0), 10 % (P1), 20 % (P2), and 30 % (P3). Rate of spermatozoa motility at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours on P0 were 83.70±4.74, 63.30±9.63, 32.90±8.52, and 15.00±6.20; P1 were 85.30±5.44, 72.70±10.06, 51.90±11.75, and 28.50±5.68; P2 were 84.60±6.40, 78.50±8.59, 57.90±10.73, and 33.70±9.06; and P3 were 81.80±7.30, 64.20±7.93, 40.30±11.66, and 19.80±7.47, respectively. Rate of spermatozoa viability at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours on P0 were 85.30±9.09, 65.10±6.15, 32.10±11.86, and 10.30±9.09; P1 wer 87.40±6.22, 72.70±5.33, 50.80±13.59, and 26.50±10.99; P2 were 68.58±5.30, 77.70±4.79, 56.30±13.76, and 32.70±13.79; P3 were 81.20±8.04, 68.70±10.40, 36.20±16.61, and 16.90±11.93, respectively. Rate of spermatozoa abnormality at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours on P0 were 8.70±3.40, 12.20±4.42, 17.80±5.67, and 20.30±6.38; P1 were 7.80±2.04, 9.80±2.69, 13.60±4.45, and 16.50±5.19; P2 wer 8.40±4.33, 10.00±2.45, 12.50±5.21, and 15.80±3.71; and P3 were 9.60±3.41, 10.90±2.64, 17.10±5.61, and 21.20±8.16, respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of noni fruit extract at the dose of 10 % and 20 % in physiological saline solutin maintain the native chicken spermatozoa quality up to 2 hours post storage at room temperature.

The purpose of this research was to determine duration effect of different glicerolitation time on the quality and frozen semen production of Simmental bulls in Ungaran Artificial Insemination Center. The materials of the research used four Simmental bulls. The method of the study used experimental laboratory. There were two treatments in the study (P0 = duration of glicerolitation for > 3 hours, P1 = duration of gliserolitation for 15 minutes) and four Simmental bulls. The research parameter included semen volume, pH, concentration of spermatozoa, frozen semen production and post thawing motility from 8 treatments. Data were analyzed using t-test. The quality of fresh semen had average percentage of motility 70% and 2+. The research showed that the frozen semen production during 15 minutes of glicerolitation was better than that of >3 hour duration. Moreover, the motile sperms produced during 15 minutes of glicerolitation was higher than those which produced during >3 hours of glicerolitation. Keywords: motility, glicerolitation, frozen semen

Artificial Insemination using liquid semen is needed for areas where there is no liquid nitrogen and the high price of liquid Nitrogen and equipment for storing frozen semen. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of Artificial Insemination using Frozen semen and liquid semen on different diluents in cattle Ongole crossbred. The research method used was Field experiment design. The material used was 81 Ongole Crossbred cows. Each treatment was 27 head. Control was T0 = 27 Cows in AI use frozen semen, T1 = 27 Cows in AI uses Liquid semen with CEP-3 + 10% egg Yok diluter and T2 = 27 Cows in AI use Liquid semen with Tris Amino methan + 20% egg Yok diluter. Cows were selected by purposive sampling which was normal reproduction and showing normal signs of estrus. AI methods was Recto vaginal method with 4+ semen deposition (Uterus Position). The parameter observed were Non Return Rate and Conception rate. The pregnancy determination using the per rectal palpation method. The results showed that the value of NRR-1, NRR-2 and NRR-3 in T0 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 81,48%; of T1 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 70,37% while T2 = 96,30%, 88,89% and 81,48%. Whereas the Conception rate was at T0,T1 and T2 = 62,96%, 51,85% dan 59,26%. In conclusion, the success rate of liquid semen AI using CEP-3 + 20% egg yolk diluent and Tris Aminomethan + 20% egg yolk gave the same effect compared to AI using frozen semen.

Improving the productivity and genetic quality of local cattle, especially Ongole Cross Bred (known as PO) is applied through Artificial Insemination (AI). The success of AI must be supported by semen quality. Semen processing at 5°C can cause sperm membrane damage resulting in decreased semen quality, especially the viability of sperm. This results in reduced sperm fertility at the time of fertilization with the ovum. Viability is an important indicator for cold semen processing. The use of semen diluents, Cauda Epididymal Plasma-2 (CEP-2), has been shown to be able to maintain semen quality during storage at 5°C. The addition of BSA as an extracellular cryoprotectant supported the function of egg yolk in CEP-2 to prevent cold shock during storage. This study used fresh ejaculate of PO bull with a minimum requirement of 80% viability. The ejaculate was diluted by CEP-2 with BSA level 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1%. The diluted ejaculate was stored for eight days at 5°C. The results showed that the viability of sperm fluctuated in line with the length of storage at each level of BSA. Significant influence of BSA on sperm viability occurred at storage day 4 (83.29±3.53)% at 1% level and day 8 (89.36±2.65)% at 0.2 % level (P

The purpose of this research was to determine semen quality and frozen semen production of beef cattle at different month collection in Lembang Artificial Insemination Center. Beef cattle strain that used for this research are Aceh, Angus, Brahman, Limousine, Madura, Ongole and Simmental. The research parameter included semen volume, pH, motility of spermatozoa, concentration of spermatozoa, number of spermatozoa, number of spermatozoa motil and number of frozen semen straw. The method of this research using factorial completely Randomized Design and each had 3 replication per treatment. The different of beef cattle have given a significant effect of semen volume (P0.05). Different month collection have a significant influence of semen volume (P

The purpose of this study was to determine the success of artificial insemination (AI) using liquid sperm Filial Ongole Bulls after sexed by the percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) and egg white sedimentation (EWS) sexed methods. The study materials were 135 cattle were inseminated using non sexed semen, PDGC and EWS sexed methods. Non-return rate (NRR) and the conception rate (CR) are observed. The research design used for the success of AI using chi square. The result of pregnancy examination at the age of 3 months found 21 head of pregnant cows from 45 cattle in AI with without sexed (control), 14 head of pregnant cattle from 45 cattle in the AI with EWS method, 18 head of pregnant cattle from 45 cattle in AI with PDGC method. The result showed that CR value using liquid sperm result of EWS, PDGC and without sexed were very significant (P

The aim of this study was to compared the success of artificial insemination (AI) between unsexed compared to sexed sperm in Ongole Crossbred cattle. Both types of sperm were frozen semen and produced by Artificial Insemination Center Singosari Malang Indonesia. In this study, Percol Density Gradient Centrifugation was applied as protocol to select Y sperm (sexing). In total, 154 heads of female cattle divided equally into two groups namely unsexed and sexed sperm. All females were received double dosage of frozen semen during AI time. The parameters observed were percentage of Non Return Rate (NRR), Conception Rate (CR) and Pregnancy Rate (PR). The results showed that unsexed and sexed group values at NRR-1 were 90.91 and 77.92%, NRR-2 were 88.31 and 76.62%, CR were 79.22 and 57.14% and PR were 84.42 and 75.33%, respectively. According to the result, it is concluded that AI using unsexed sperm shows better result compared to the sexed.

The technology of artificial insemination is very popular to increase the population of cattle in Indonesia. This technology could be more valuable with sexing sperms in order to get the offspring with expected sex. The aim of the research is to know the proportion of male calves that was born from crossbred Ongolecows which were inseminated using double dosesemen sexed for Y sperm. The materials were 43 calves from Artificial Insemination Center Singosari. Twenty four calves was born from cows inseminated with non-sexed semen and nineteen calves with sexed semen. The percentage of sperm carrying X and Y chromosomes was performed by measuring the size of the sperm’s head by using a microscope. The result showed that the proportion of Y sperm in sexed semen was 80.79 %, while the X sperms was 19.21%. Furthermore, the percentages of the male calves that born from double dose sexed Y sperm was 78.95 %, while from the non sexing-semen was 21.05%. It can be conluded that the artificial insemination using double dose sexed semen can result the male calves proportionate with the Y sperm proportion in the sexed semen.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the cryoprotectants that have been used in cell freezing. Cryoprotective agents are necessary to deal with damage in cells associated with slow freezing. Goat foetuses are obtained from local slaughterhouse in Sukun, Malang, East Java. Using various DMSO concentration that were 0% control, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The cell was free with slow freeze methods using Mr. Frosty in -20°C. After 24 days, the samples were analyzed for their viability, size, and abnormality. The result shows the cell size ranged from 3 µm until 5 µm in all samples, categorized as small cell. In viability is significantly influential on 10% DMSO concentration of 92%, while at 0% concentration is 0%, 5% concentration is 56%, and 15% concentration is 89.67%. The abnormality in DMSO 0% all cells are dead and the tissue isn’t developing, in DMSO 5% the abnormality is 3.17%, DMSO 10% is 2.5%, and DMSO 15% 5.67. From the results, we can conclude that the concentration of 10% of DMSO is the best concentration to be used as a freezing method for goat fetus cells.

Sperm can change physiology and structure during storage in refrigerator temperature or frozen temperature that caused by cold shock or free radical. The aim of this study to evaluate ultrastructure and fertilizing ability of Limousin bull sperm after storage in cauda epididymal plasma-based (CEP-2) extender with or without 20% egg yolk concentration at refrigerator temperature. Semen sample collected from three Limousin bull were diluted with CEP-2 with 20% egg yolk and CEP-2 without egg yolk, cooled and stored at 4-5 degrees C during eight days. Sperm ultrastructure were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fertilizing ability of Limousin bull sperm were assessed on cleavage rate of embryo using in vitro fertilization method. The percentage data were transformed into arcsine before being analysis with ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison test. The result of study showed morphologically normal sperm after storage in CEP-2 with 20% egg yolk, whereas in CEP-2 without egg yolk morphologically abnormal sperm especially neck was fractured and head was destroyed. Fertilizing ability of Limousin bull sperm were significantly higher in CEP-2 extender with egg yolk 20% (74.29 +/- 4.95%; p < 0.05) than without egg yolk (30.00 +/- 12.02%; p < 0.05). Egg yolk 20% in CEP-2 extender protected ultrastructure and fertilizing ability after storage during eight days.

The Artificial Insemination (AI) results in Beef cattle are expected to be male calf because they can increaseweight gain rapidly, so in this study AI was carried out by using sexing semen with Percoll density gradient centrifugation method containing Y sperm.This study was conducted to evaluate the success rate of AI using frozen sexing semen on Ongole Cross Breed. The study method used wasexperimental, comparing AI frozen sexing semen and frozen semen in 54 Ongole Cross Breed. The study variableswere Non Return Rate1 (NRR1), Non Return Rate2 (NRR2) and Conception Rate (CR).The study showed that the success rate of based on the value of NRR1 and NRR2AI using frozen sexing semen on Ongole Cross Breed is lower than un sexed frozen semen with the NRR1 value is 73,91%; 93,54% while the value of NRR2 was 69,56%; 83,87%. Based on CR value of frozen sexing semen higher than un sexed frozen semen showed CR valuewas 43,47%; 35,48%.

Artificial insemination (AI) in cattle using Ongole Cross Breed liquid semen with cauda epidydymal plasma-2 (CEP-2) diluent+0.6% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) aimed to improve the genetic quality of livestock with high sperm motility on beef cows. Addition of BSA as extracellular cryoprotectant to support egg yolk function to prevent membrane damage caused by cold shock during cold storage. This research was conducted in Tumpang, Pakis, and Singosari Sub-district, Malang Regency using 38 cows that inseminated using frozen semen of Limousine and Simmental breeds as control (19 cows) and liquid semen with CEP-2 + 0.6% BSA as a treatment (19 cows). The reproductive parameters were Non Return Rate (NRR), Service per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). Data were analyzed descriptively and continued by chi-square test. The results showed that insemination using frozen and liquid semen did not affect the success rate of AI in beef cows. The NRR43-63 value of frozen was 89.40% and liquid semen was 78.94%; the CR value of frozen semen was 84.21% and liquid semen was 57.89%; and the S/C value of frozen semen was 1.21 and liquid semen was 1.42. The conclusions of the study were the values of NRR43-63, CR and S/C of frozen higher than liquidsemen.

Artificial Insemination (AI) is a technique that is widely used by farmers to improve the genetic quality of livestock. This method can be increased in value by using sexing semen that can regulate and produce the sex of the offspring as expected. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of AI by using frozen sexing semen on Ongole Crossbred cows in Malang Regency. The materials used were 98 Ongole crossbred cows in traditional farm of Malang Regency especially in Pakis, Tumpang, Jabung and Singosari Districts. The method used was a field experiment with two treatments: 49 cows were inseminated by using frozen sexing semen (P1) and 49 cows were inseminated by using non sexing semen (P0). The variables observed were the Non-Return Rate (NRR) value observedin 3 estrous cycle after AI and CR value based on pregnancy observation at 8 months of pregnancy. Data were analyzed descriptively and continued with a one-proportion z-test. The datashowed that the CR value on P1; P0 were 55.10% and 65, 31% respectively.furthemore, the NRR value on P1 from NRR1 to NRR3 were 87,76%, 73,47% and 67,35%, while on P0 95,92%, 83,67% and 75,51% respectively.It can be conclude thatCR and NRR value of sexing semenwas lower than non sexing semen, however sexing semen can be applied for certain purposes such as producing offspring as expected

Artificial Insemination using liquid semen is technology reproduction can improve goat productivity without liquid nitrogen. The Purpose of this research was to determine differences of old coconut water varieties of red (Cocos rubescens) and green (Cocos viridis) as diluent Boer goat semen, based on motility, viability and spermabnormalities during storage at 3-50C. The materials used for this research was Boer goat fresh semen as much as 3 heads were collected 2 times a week. Experimental Design. The treatment were devided into three Treatmen, there were: P0 (Tris+ 20% egg yolk); P1 (old coconut water varieties red + 20% egg yolk); P2 (old coconut water varieties green + 20% egg yolk). The data were analyzed by randomized block design, if the result are different or significantly different then continued to be tested with Duncan's multiple range test. The result showed that during storage until days 4, P0 has the best result on motility (40,5 + 1,1 %), viability (45,18+ 1,56 %), and abnormality (1,89+ 0,59 %). While on the diluent using old coconut water green variety better then red variety. On day of 2 P1 and P2 have motility (61 + 1,3%) and (51+ 7,5%); Viability (67,14+17,99%) and (55,37+10,66%), abnormality (1,23 + 1,02%) dan (1,70+ 0,99%).