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Together with the urbanization, industrial activities are increasing and transportation system is being rapidly developing. In 2017, the population of Ho Chi Min city (HCMC) is over 8.6 million. The city has 8 million vehicles including 637,323 automobiles and more than 7,339,522 motorcycles. Up to now, the city has a total of 2708 factories generating air emissions (including 3 processing zones (EPZs) and 16 industrial parks (IPs), with thousands of factories outside the IPs / EPZs), resulting in an increase in emissions from these activities and affecting the air quality of the city. Therefore, in this study (i) collect air emission data, evaluate and calculate of air emissions by applying EMISENS emission calculation models and survey and traffic counting methods; (ii) Develop clean air action plan and climate change mitigation for Ho Chi Minh City. The results showed that on-road activities are the major contributor, accounting for 88% of NOx, 99% of CO, 79% of SO2, 99% of NMVOC, 88% of PM in total emissions from transportation activities. Key finding in this study is that harbour activities contribute up to 20% of total SOx and 10% of total PM. Other sources (airport, harbour, bus station, rail way) only accounting for negligible amount of emissions. Emission maps showed that emissions in harbours and in central areas of the city as District 1, district 10, district 3 and district 5 are higher than the other districts. This study has also developed 13 measures to effectively manage air quality and reduce GHG in Ho Chi Minh City.

A comprehensive emission inventory (EI) was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city of Vietnam rapid urbanization rate. In 2017, HCMC had 8.6 million inhabitants with a total of nine millions of private vehicles, 19 manufacturing and industrial zones, 30 industrial clusters, and numerous other factories and enterprises. All those sources could contribute to the high levels of emissions which caused the potentially negative impact on human health and environment. The aims of this study were (i) application bottom-up and top-down approaches to conduct a complete air emission inventory, (ii) development of spatial distribution of air emission, and (iii) estimation of emission forecast for HCMC by 2025 and 2030. A combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches was employed to conduct air pollution EI, in which EMISENS model was utilized to generate the EI for road traffic sources. The results showed that the motorcycles were the main reasons of emission in HCMC, contributing 90% of CO, 68% of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), 63% of CH4, 41% of SO2, 29% of NOx, and 18% of patriculate matter (PM2.5). The emission forecasts for HCMC by 2025 and 2030 also were calculated based on the data of strategies and plans for socioeconomic development of HCMC. The results showed that the emissions of pollutants will increase around 30 to 50% by the year 2025 and from 40 to 65% by the year 2030. If the local government does not have any plan for the reduction of emissions (scenario of socioeconomic development as usual), the emissions will increase significantly.

Background: Non-communicable diseases seriously affect public health and socio-economic development of the country due to the high number of people suffering from diseases, being disabled and mortal. However, the proportion of people who recognized themselves a suffering from non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia is not high. For cases that their disease situations have been identified, there are not appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors. Objectives: 1) To determine the proportion of 25 - 84 years old peoplewho identified themselves as suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. 2) To learn treatment and preventive behaviors in the group of people who identified themselves as suffering from diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 1600 residents in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: The proportion of people knowing that they are suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 29.4%; 3.2% and 7.8% respectively. Among them, the proportion of people who did not treat and treated irregularly accounted for 42.7%; 13.7% and 75.2% respectively; the proportion of people who did not change their lifestyles and dietary habits accounted for 50.1%; 5.9% and 56.8% respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of people who identified themselves as suffering from some non-communicable diseases without appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors is alarming. Interventions are needed to help people realize the importance of treatment and prevention effectively. Key words: Non-communicable diseases, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia

Along with its rapid urban development, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in recent years has suffered a high concentration of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matters or PM2.5. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate the air quality conditions and their health impact in this city. Given the lack of adequate air quality monitoring data over a large area of the size of HCMC, an air quality modeling methodology is adopted to address the requirement. Here, by utilizing a corresponding emission inventory in combination with The Air Pollution Model-Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), the predicted concentration of air pollutants is first obtained for PM2.5, NOx, and SO2. Then by associating the pollutants exposed with the mortality rate from three causes, namely Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer, the impact of air pollution on human health is obtained for this purpose. Spatial distribution has shown a high amount of pollutants concentrated in the central city with a high density of combustion vehicles (motorcycles and automobiles). In addition, a significant amount of emissions can be observed from stevedoring and harbor activities, including ferries and cargo handling equipment located along the river. Other sources such as household activities also contribute to an even distribution of emission across the city. The results of air quality modeling showed that the annual average concentrations of NO2 were higher than the standard of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05: 2013 40 &micro, g/m3) and World Health Organization (WHO) (40 &micro, g/m3). The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 23 &micro, g/m3 and were also much higher than the WHO (10 &micro, g/m3) standard by about 2.3 times. In terms of public health impacts, PM2.5 was found to be responsible for about 1136 deaths, while the number of mortalities from exposure to NO2 and SO2 was 172 and 89 deaths, respectively. These figures demand some stringent measures from the authorities to potentially remedy the alarming situation of air pollution in HCM City.

Objective: To determine pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by echocardiography - Doppler and to find correlation between pulmonary vascular resistance with left ventricular EF, PAPs, TAPSE, tissue S-wave of the tricuspid valve in patients with ischemic heart disease. Subjects and Methods: We studied on 82 patients with ischemic heart disease and EF

Coconut shell activated carbon loaded with cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) composites (CAC/CoFe2O4) was synthesized via the single-step refluxing router method to manufacture adsorbents. The adsorbents were then applied to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous environments via adsorption. The properties of coconut shell activated carbon (CAC) and CAC/CoFe2O4 were investigated through the usage of electron microscopic methods (SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDS: Energy Dispersive X-ray), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A series of batch experiments were implemented to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters (initial pH, RhB concentration, contact time, and dosage of CAC/CoFe2O4) on the adsorption process. It was found that CoFe2O4 was successfully attached to activated carbon particles and had the suitable adsorption capacity for RhB at a molar ratio of 1 : 2:200 corresponding to the Co : Fe:CAC order. The removal efficiency and adsorption of RhB were optimal at a pH level of 4. The maximum adsorption capacity was 94.08 mg/g at an initial concentration of 350 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/25 mL. Freundlich and Langmuir's models fitted well with the results obtained from the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order model also suited the most for RhB adsorption with the most remarkable correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.934). The adsorption process was controlled by a chemisorption mechanism through electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding interactions, and π-π interactions.

Background: The Ho-Chi-Minh-city Heart Institute in Vietnam took part in the Optimize Heart Failure (OHF) Care Program, designed to improve outcomes following heart failure (HF) hospitalization by increasing patient awareness and optimizing HF treatment. Methods: HF patients hospitalized with left ventricular ejection-fraction (LVEF)

Background: The literature has recorded changes in ECG, cardiac morphology in male alcoholics is known by the term "Holiday heart syndrome" with normal heart function. Tei Chuwa devised and published in1995 an index of myocardial performance (the Tei index) that evaluates the LV systolic and diastolic function in combination. To assess cardiac morphology and function through Tei index in male alcoholics, we conducted this study with the following objectives: identify of cardiac morphology and Tei index in male alcoholics, compared with a control group and find out the correlation between left ventricular morphology, Tei index with duration and lifetime intake amount of alcohol. Material and Methods: This study was carried on 100 male subject, 50 alcoholics, mean age 45.50 ± 7.78 and 50 healthy male non-alcoholics with similar age. They are all under echocardiography to measure left ventricular morphology, conventional Doppler Tei index and tissue Doppler Tei indexes. Results: Morphological parameters were significantly greater in alcoholics than in controls: VLTd (9.56 ± 1.64 vs 8.52 ± 0.83), TSTTd (9.29 ± 1.64 vs 8.75 ± 1.10), LVMI (89.82 ± 29.29 vs 77.42 ± 12.67). There were significant differences between the groups of alcoholics and the control subjects with respect to conventional Doppler Tei index and tissue Doppler Tei indexes. The left ventricular mass index correlated with lifetime intake amount of alcohol. conventional Tei index had correlation with duration and lifetime intake amount of alcohol. Conclusions: The alcoholics had left ventricular structural changes, compared to controls. Heart function was evalued by Tei index showed abnormal in alcoholics. Keywords: Alcoholic’s heart, Doppler echocardiography, Tei index.

Background: Many studies has reported that chronic smoking affects arterial stiffness. Smoking causes changes in both peripheral and central blood vessel function, even in young or middle-aged smokers. Echocardiography is a noninvasive and simple test, simply, to help evaluate the elastic properties of ascending aorta through the indices such as aortic strain, aortic stiffness, aortic distensibility. Aim: To determine the association between smoking status and elastic indexes of the ascending aortia measured by echocardiography. Material and Methods: this study was carried on 180 male subject, 90 smokers, mean age 37.56 ± 7.31 years and 90 healthy male non-smokers with similar age. Echocardiography was done with the following indexes: systolic and diastolic aortic diameter, aortic strain, aortic stiffness, aortic distensibility and blood pressure. Relationship between these indexes and duration of smoking was determined. Results: In group of smoking 0,05. In group of smoking ≥ 17 pack year, strain index and aortic distensibility are significantly lower than the control group, whereas stiffness index is higher than the control group with p

Background and purpose: Chest X ray is the first choice for all chest abnormal, especially in evaluation the affection of cardiac diseases on the pulmonary vascularity distribution. This study are realised in the order to answer the question: How well the chest X ray reflect the cardiac dysfunction? Material and methods

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in dialysis patients, as well as in kidney transplant patients. Assessment of cardiovascular risks of renal transplant candidates to prevent or slow the progression of cardiovascular abệnh nhânormalities. Aim: 1) Evaluating cardiovascular risk factors, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in renal transplant candidates. 2) Identifying the correlation between cardiac morphological parameters with a number of factors involved. Subjects and Methods: We assessed 57 patients (73.7% male, mean age 32.4±8.8) with end-stage renal disease waiting for renal transplantation at Cho Ray Hospital between Jan 2012 and Jan 2013. All patients received a physical examination, blood pressure measurement, Hb, blood glucose test, lipid profile, ECG, echocardiography. Results: The percentage of hypertension was 98.2%, smoking (69.2%), dyslipidemia 40.4% and diabetes 12.3%. All patients had sinus rhythm, left ventricular hypertrophy 61.4% in ECG. Pericardial effusion 5.3%, mitral valve insufficiency 56.1%, aortic valve insufficiency 12.3%, left ventricular hypertrophy 94.7% in echocardiography. IVSd, LVPWd, LVMI positively correlated with kidney failure time (p

Background: Cigarette smoking is known as a menace and contagious problem. The World health organization reported that tobacco smoking killed 6 million people worldwide in 2011 and warned that it could kill one billion people around the world in 21st century also. Tobacco smoking is the leading known risk factor for the development of lung cancer, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is the primary cause of airway obstruction, chronic expectoration and decline in lung function. Spirometry is the best method to detect borderline to mild airway obstruction, which occurs early without appearance of any symptoms or signs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function parameters and ventilatory disorders in men smokers. Material and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. There are 180 male subjects, 90 smokers (age 39.1±8.1, height 163.5±6.9) and 90 non-smokers (age 39.0±9.4, height 164±5.6) were included using convenience sampling. The pulmonary function test was measured by HI-801 spirometer. The following variables were measured: FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, PEF. Results: The results showed that most value measured in smokers were significantly lower than those of non-smokers (p

Background: Cigarette smoking causes endothelial cell injury, loss of smoothness, elasticity, it would be easy to form plaques in the endothelium. Etude of elasticity of ascending aorta by echocardiography in male smokers contribute to the assessment of vascular changes through indices such as aortic strain, aortic stiffness, aortic distensibility. Aim: was to estimate the effects of chronic smoking on the elastic properties of the ascending aorta. Material and Methods: this study was carried on 180 male subject, 90 smokers, mean age 37.56 ± 7.31 and 90 healthy male non-smokers with similar age. They are all under echocardiography to measure systolic aortic diameter and diastolic aortic diameter, determine the indexes such as: aortic strain, aortic stiffness, aortic distensibility and blood pressure simultaneously. Results: strain index and aortic distensibility is significantly lower in smokers than the control group, whereas stiffness index in smokers is higher than the control group with p

Background: The literature has recorded ECG changes, cardiac morphology in athletes is known by the term “athlete heart syndrome” with normal heart function. Tei Chuwa devised and published in1995 an index of myocardial performance (the Tei index) that evaluates the LV systolic and diastolic function in combination. To contribute to the assessment of cardiac function athletes in Vietnam, besides conventional Tei index, we further evaluated left ventricular tissue Doppler Tei indexes with the following objectives: identify conventional Doppler Tei index and tissue Doppler Tei indexes in professional athletes, compared with a control group and find the correlation between the Tei index with left ventricular morphology among athletes. Material and Methods: Left ventricular morphology, conventional Doppler Tei index and tissue Doppler Tei indexes in 90 athletes and 90 non-athlete controls were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography. Results: there were no significant differences between the athletes and the control subjects with respect to conventional Doppler Tei index and tissue Doppler Tei indexes (lateral, septal). Morphological parameters were significantly greater in athletes than in controls: left atrial diameter (28.57 ± 4.05 vs 26.94 ± 4.84), LVDd (46.44 ± 4.20 vs 44.01 ± 4.86), IVSd (9.34 ± 1.31 vs 24.94 ± 3.76), LVPWd (8.31 ± 1.54 vs 7.93 ± 1.49), LVMI (85.12 ± 15.86 vs 70.59 ± 14.52), p

Objective: Prehypertensive individuals are at increased risk for developing hypertension and their complication. Many studies show that 2/3 prehypertensive individuals develop hypertension after 4 years. ECG and echocardiography are the routine tests used to assess LV mass. The objective of the research to determine the percentage of change in left ventricular morphology in the ECG, echocardiography, which explore the characteristics of left ventricular structural changes by echocardiography in pre-hypertensive subjects. Materials and method: We studied a total of 50 prehypertensive, 30 males (60%) and 20 females (40%), mean age 48.20±8.47years. 50 normotensive volunteers as control participants. These subjects were examined for ECG and echocardiography. Results: In prehypertensive group, with 18% of left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram, 12% of left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography; in the control group, we did not find any subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the group with left ventricular hypertrophy, mostly eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (83.33%), concentric left ventricular hypertrophy is 16.67%. Restructuring of left ventricular concentric for 15.9% of subjects without left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography. Conclusion: There have been changed in left ventricular morphology even in prehypertensive

Purposes: Describe the morphological and diastolic function of left ventricular changes in the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on US, X-ray findings, and Evaluate the correlation between morphology and diastolic function of left ventricular. Materials and method: Cross sectional study from Dec 2009 to Aug 2010, on 39 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were evaluated at the University Hospital of Hue College of Medical and Pharmaceutical. Results: 1. X-ray and US findings characteristics of DCM is significantly increased in diameter of L, H and mG; LVM, LVMI, LVDd and LAD. 2. The pression of pulmonary artery has been significantly increased with redistribution pulmonary arteries in 61.5% cases and 23.1% have reversed pulmonary artery distribution. 3. DCM have diastolic dysfunction in 100% patients, including severe disorders to 61.5%; the restrictive dysfunction has ratio E/A>2 and E/Em average was 23.89± 17.23. 4.The correlation between the morphology and function in DCM: the diameter of H and L on the X-ray, LAD and ratio LA/AO on US correlated with the level of diastolic dysfunction (p< 0.05). All three radiographic parameters on the radio standard (H, L, the index Cardio/Thoracic) and LVDd on US have negative correlated with EF and FS with p