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Abstract Due to the overlapping aetiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Periodontal disease (PD), which are prevalent metabolic disorder and chronic inflammatory disorder in pregnant women respectively, they are often at risk of developing both diseases simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the association of periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus among post-partum women who delivered within 24 h at private tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Analytical cross sectional study with sample size of 178 by non- probability purposive sampling, a total of 101 postpartum women (57%) were diagnosed with periodontal disease and 50 (28%) were GDM positive. Of those who had PD, 35% (n = 35/101) were GDM positive. An insignificant association of the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with periodontal disease was found. [PR = 1.7; 95% CI: 0.2–3.2; p-value 0.07] A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with obesity. It was 2.6 times compared to women who were not obese (p value

Abstract The prevalence of edentulism is pandemic and people resort to complete dentures for the restoration of missing teeth and esthetics. However, the determination of the correct occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD) constitutes to play an important role in overall patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to apply anthropometric methods to correlate the length of index finger (2D) to measure the OVD from base of the nose to the base of the chin (Sn–Me) and to assess satisfaction by comparing both the methods. A total of 80 edentulous patients were randomized and controlled for this trial into experimental and control groups. A correlation was found between Sn–Me and finger measurements, dentures’ satisfaction was assessed after a 1-week follow-up and marked according to the Visual Analog Scale. Our findings established that finger measurements are greater among males, and in both genders, positive, and statistically significant correlations exist between the facial and finger length measurements. Moreover, 97.0% patients from experimental group were satisfied with the use of complete dentures through the new anthropometric method. Hence measuring the length of index finger can be an adjunct method for the restoration of OVD and is a relatively time-effective and simple method with a satisfactory follow-up. Trial registration: ID: NCT05153213 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05153213 ).

Objective: To determine the frequency and extent of artefacts in magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography scans of head caused by fixed dental prosthesis. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital from July to December 2021, and comprised magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography scans from January 2015 to December 2020 of the head of individuals with existing fixed dental prosthetic work at the time of exposure. They were analysed for the presence of artefacts. The association between artefacts and the presence of fixed dental prosthesis was explored. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 297 images evaluated, 173 (58%) were magnetic resonance imaging scans, and 124(42%) were computed tomography scans. The most common artefacts was grade I 148(49.8%), followed by grade II 140(47.1%) and grade III 9(3%). There was no significant association between fixed dental prosthesis and the artefacts (p>0.05). Conclusion: There should be no reservations in placing fixed metal prosthesis in individuals on account of future brain scans. Key Words: Fixed dental prosthesis, Imaging, CT scan, MRI, OPG, Artefacts.

dental implants: a bibliometric analysis of 20 top cited articles. J Pak Med Assoc. PMID: 37427629.”1was published in June 2023. We believe that the reader has mixed up this paper with an earlier paper of ours, titled “A bibliometric analysis of the studies on dental implant failure. J Pak Med Assoc. PMID: 35202375.2 Dental implants have two types of failures: surgical (related to implant fixture, its placement techniques and bone biology etc.) and prosthetic (related to implant prosthesis, crown, abutment, other components, or technical issues arising from laboratory made implant prosthesis). The former paper was about identifying the top-cited publications on the surgical failures of implants whereas the latter bibliometrics related to the implant prosthetic complications. Regarding methodology of bibliometrics, the search terms we adopted for the first paper was “dental implant failure” whereas for the second paper, we employed “Prosthetic complication in dental implant” without using any Boolean operator. These key terms were searched in the abstracts using Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other electronic sources published in English language upto June 2021. We employed the option of “cited reference search” for ascertaining the number of citations. To review and synthesise the data, multiple parameters were explored. These included authors, journal, citation count, citation density, keywords and study design, and geographic and institutional affiliation of the first or corresponding authors. The country of literature emergence was determined by the address of the corresponding author. The details of methodology are already shared in the above-mentioned papers. Another important observation made by the reader was that the table 2 and table 3 displayed the same information that has already been shared in table 1. So why was it done? And that too in both the papers. The answer to this question is that although table 1 in both the papers displayed the primary bibliometric data but to stratify the data, based on author, institution, and the journal, table 2 was composed and to emphasize the study designs table 3 was made. That helped us to identify that there is just one clinical trial among top 30 cited papers on dental implant failures and more alarmingly, no randomized controlled trials in the list of top 20 cited papers on the implant prosthetic failures. Thus, table 2 and table 3 represented the subset of the data.

Objectives: To compare the number of aerosol-generating procedures performed and the number of coronavirus disease-2019-positive workers in dental practice. Method: The audit study was conducted in May 2021 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data from April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, which was retrieved from dental clinics at the main hospital and its Clifton branch as well as in three secondary care hospitals in Garden, Kharadar, Karimabad areas of Karachi, and one in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Data of individuals who followed mandatory pre-procedural polymerase chain reaction testing in addition to using personal protective equipment in the main hospital and Clifton branch was placed in group A, and of those using personal protective equipment only at the 4 satellite clinics with no testing was placed in group B. Dental charts of patients who underwent dental aerosol-generating procedures were analysed. Number of dental clinics affected by coronavirus disease-2019 and number of dental patients who were reported positive on pre-procedural polymerase chain reaction testing were evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 63 dental healthcare workers, 44(69.8%) were in group A and 19(30.2%) were in group B. In group A, 19(43.2%) were affected by coronavirus disease-2019 compared to 2(11%) in group B (p=0.01). Among 782(67.8%) patients who underwent polymerase chain reaction testing, 26(3.3%) turned out positive for coronavirus disease-2019. Due to the mandatory testing imposed on patients, 371/1153(32.2%) refused to get the desired dental treatment. Conclusion: The benefit of pre-procedural testing in dentistry remained uncertain.

The purpose of this review was to explore the 20 most cited articles on prosthetic complications with dental implants. Identification of such articles could be helpful in prosthodontics residency programmes in devising the curriculum of essential reading material in implantology. The Institute for Scientific Information, Web of Science Database, and Google Scholar were used to identify the 20 top-cited articles published in journals from 1980 till June 2021. These articles were then evaluated according to the number of citations, authors, study design, publication year, and publishing journal. Descriptive statistics were computed for bibliometrics. It was observed that the citation count ranged from 6,391 to 315 (in descending order). The Toronto study is the most cited study on dental implant prosthetic complications. Prospective studies and systematic and narrative reviews were the predominant study designs used in the articles; however, alarmingly no randomised controlled trials were included in the list.

Objective: To identify top 30 studies related to dental implant failures based on bibliometric analysis. Methods: The bibliometric study was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi from April 2021 to June 2021 and comprised database search on Google Scholar used key words "dental implant failures" for studies published between 1990 and 2020. The selected studies were reviewed based on citation count for which the cut-off date was June 1, 2021. Results: The top 30 papers on dental implant failures had median citation count of 153 (range: 41-1583. Most of the studies were retrospective 11(36.7%), followed by literature reviews 6(20%). The top three contributing journals were the 'International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Implants' 6(20%), the 'Clinical Oral Implants Research' 5(16.7%) and 'Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research' 3(10%). Goteborg University, Sweden, contributed the maximum number of most cited papers 8(26.7%). Continuous...

Maxillofacial Prosthodontics (MFP) is a super-specialty of prosthodontics that involves around rehabilitation of patients presenting with congenital maxillofacial defects or craniofacial disabilities acquired due to disease such as cancer or trauma. (1) There are several types of prostheses that can be designed and fabricated by a maxillofacial prosthesis to improve the quality of life of patients. A simple classification is shown in figure 1. Continuous...

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the parallelism of natural maxillary occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line and ala-tragus line among dentate subjects. To evaluate anatomic relationship of natural mandibular occlusal plane with retromolar pad among dentate subjects Methodology: Front and profile photographs of 109 students of Fatima Jinnah Dental College with age ranging from 20 to 28 years were taken while holding the camper’s plane against the maxillary occlusal plane. The study was completed in six months. Photographs were imported in software AutoCAD(2017). An interpupillary line was drawn and angle with Camper’s plane was measured. On both profile pictures, line were drawn from base of the ala to the three different points on tragus (superior, middle and inferior). The angle between ala-tragus line and camper’s plane were measured. Intra-orally, height of the mandibular occlusal plane in relation to the retromolar pad was evaluated using a stainless steel scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 23. Student’s paired sample t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied. Results: Horizontal parallelism of occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line was observed (mean angle 1.17 ±1.27). The angle between the occlusal plane and the inferior ala-tragus line was 4.25 and 4.50 degrees on right and left side, respectively. Intraorally, mandibular occlusal plane coincided with inferior (44%) and middle third (44%) of the retromolar pad. Conclusions: Inter-pupillary line and retromolar pad area (middle & inferior third) should be used as a guide in determination of plane of occlusion. Continuous...

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of fresh dental graduates of Karachi regarding pursuing research. Study type, settings & duration: A cross sectional study conducted at six randomly selected dental colleges from 10 dental Colleges (4 Government and 6 Private) in the city during three months. Methodology: After taking informed written consent 150 participants were enrolled. A predesigned questionnaire was filled. Questionnaire comprised of three parts; first part composed of demographic details, second part comprised of questions to assess the knowledge about research while the third part comprised of questions to evaluate the practices of dental students regarding research. Results: Out of 150 study participants 112 (74.7%) expressed a desire to conduct research in future, 22 (14.7%) were not interested, whereas, 16 (10.7%) were uncertain about carrying out research work in future. Females were found more motivated to conduct research in their future as compared to male study participants. One hundred and three (68.7%) participants did not know how to write a research proposal, whereas, 47 (31.3%) claimed to know about writing a research proposal. A large majority i.e. 69 (46%) participants reported both institutional and personal obstacles preventing them from pursuing research, 43 (28.7%) respondents reported institutional barriers, whereas, 38 (25.3%) participants reported personal reasons to be the major obstacles in conducting research. Conclusion: Although, a high percentage of the participants expressed their desire for carrying out research but due to inadequate knowledge regarding research methodology and lack of supervision, desired results could not be achieved. Significant efforts need to be made to improve the research culture in the institutions so as to facilitate students and fresh graduates in conducting research.

This article is aimed at modifying conventional window’s impression technique for making impression of edentulous flabby maxillary ridges. Vinyl Polysiloxane (VPS) impression material was preferred over conventionally used metallic oxide, due to ease of use and dimensional accuracy. The authors used VPS putty consistency on the periphery and regular body for the whole impression. This combination of material consistency gives selective pressure impression. More over the window over the flabby area give the very mucostatic impression of the displaceable area. The authors found the proposed technique superior over Watson’s technique in regards of convenience, time consumption, comfort of the operator and patient.