1. The Role of Endothelium in COVID-19
- Author
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Ana Maria Dascalu, Mihaela Ionescu, Laura Mazilu, Irinel Parepa, Dragos Serban, Manfredi Rizzo, Andra Iulia Suceveanu, Anca Pantea Stoian, Domenico Nuzzo, Ionescu M., Stoian A.P., Rizzo M., Serban D., Nuzzo D., Mazilu L., Suceveanu A.I., Dascalu A.M., and Parepa I.R.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Complications, Endothelium, Pathogenesis, COVID-19, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Endothelial Cells, Heart Failure, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Renin-Angiotensin System, SARS-CoV-2, Thrombosis ,Endothelium ,endothelium ,complications ,QH301-705.5 ,Inflammation ,Review ,Catalysis ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Coronary artery disease ,Pathogenesis ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Humans ,Medicine ,Renal Insufficiency ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Endothelial dysfunction ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Heart Failure ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,pathogenesis ,Organic Chemistry ,Endothelial Cells ,COVID-19 ,Thrombosis ,General Medicine ,Hypoxia (medical) ,medicine.disease ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Heart failure ,Cardiology ,medicine.symptom ,Cytokine Release Syndrome ,business - Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is causing a global pandemic. The virus primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and raises the risk of a variety of non-pulmonary consequences, the most severe and possibly fatal of which are cardiovascular problems. Data show that almost one-third of the patients with a moderate or severe form of COVID-19 had preexisting cardiovascular comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, heart failure, or coronary artery disease. SARS-CoV2 causes hyper inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, and a renin–angiotensin system imbalance in a variety of cell types, primarily endothelial cells. Profound endothelial dysfunction associated with COVID-19 can be the cause of impaired organ perfusion that may generate acute myocardial injury, renal failure, and a procoagulant state resulting in thromboembolic events. We discuss the most recent results on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in patients with cardiometabolic diseases in this review. We also provide insights on treatments that may reduce the severity of this viral infection.
- Published
- 2021