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The effect of inclusion complexes of enrofloxacin (Enr) with cyclodextrins (CyDs): hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β -CYD) and beta-cyclodextrin (β -CyD) was studied. These complexes were prepared in a molar ratio (1:2). The ophthalmic gels [sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sod CMC), sodium alginate] and ointments (emulsion, absorption and water soluble bases) were prepared using 0. 5% of the drug or equivalent amounts of its complexes with HP- β -CyD or β -CyD. The ocular disposition of the drug in rabbit's eyes has been studied. The obtained results revealed that, all tested formulations provided the highest Cmax of the drug in conjunctiva followed by Cornea, iris-ciliary body, and then aqueous humor .The peak time of maximum drug concentration in rabbit's eye tissues and aqueous humor was two hours for various ophthalmic ointments and gels The total availability of enrofloxacin was improved when the drug was complexed with HP-β –CYD.

The effect of inoculum size of five clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the activity of six antibiotics was studied. Cefoperazone and cefotaxime exhibited a large inoculum size effect with the studied strains. Amikacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin exhibited a rapid bactericidal activity and a minimal inoculum size effect. The inoculum size markedly affected the antibacterial activity of all the studied antibiotics against the clinical isolates studied. This inoculum size effect was more pronounced towards Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus.

In a search for promising antibacterial and antifungal compounds, two new series of 2, 3-bis(5-alkyl-2-thiono-1, 3, 5-thiadiazin-3-yl)propionic acid 1 and their corresponding N, N-dimethylpropionamide 6 have been synthesized. The reaction of 2, 3-diaminopropionate 3, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, and the appropriate alkyl amines furnished the title compound 1. N, N-dimethylpropionamides 6 were obtained by the reaction of 1 with dimethyl amine in the presence of POCl(3). The newly prepared compounds were screened in vitro against certain strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and compared with nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the title compounds were tested for their antifungal activity in vitro against Candida albicans, phytopathogenic, Penicillum expansum and Trichoderma hazianum, and aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus. These compounds exhibit varied activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria and remarkable inhibitory effects on growth or sporulation of some of the tested fungal species.

In a search for promising antibacterial and antifungal compounds, two new series of 2, 3-bis(5-alkyl-2-thiono-1, 3, 5-thiadiazin-3-yl)propionic acid 1 and their corresponding N, N-dimethylpropionamide 6 have been synthesized. The reaction of 2, 3-diaminopropionate 3, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, and the appropriate alkyl amines furnished the title compound 1. N, N-dimethylpropionamides 6 were obtained by the reaction of 1 with dimethyl amine in the presence of POCl(3). The newly prepared compounds were screened in vitro against certain strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and compared with nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the title compounds were tested for their antifungal activity in vitro against Candida albicans, phytopathogenic, Penicillum expansum and Trichoderma hazianum, and aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus. These compounds exhibit varied activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria and remarkable inhibitory effects on growth or sporulation of some of the tested fungal species.