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摘要 目的：通过对西班牙研究的系统综述和荟萃分析评估母体25-羟基维生素D [25（OH）D]水平与围产期结局的关系。 方法：使用术语“维生素D”, “妊娠”和“西班牙”在PubMed, Cochrane图书馆, Embase, Scielo, Scopus和Web of Science研究数据库检索2017年12月30日后的文献。系统提取了在妊娠期前半期或后半期正常25（OH）D循环水平（≥30.0ng/ mL）与不足（20.0-29.9ng / mL）或缺乏（20.0ng / mL）对围产期妊娠结局影响的研究。数据表示为合并比值比, 其分类变量的95％置信区间（CI）或连续变量的均值差异和置信区间。使用Newcastle–Ottawa量表评估偏倚风险。 结果：五项队列研究均符合纳入标准。妊娠期糖尿病, 先兆子痫, 早产, 小于胎龄儿和出生体重的风险不受产妇妊娠前半期25（OH）D水平的影响。 此外, 妊娠后半期25（OH）水平不影响出生体重。 结论：妊娠期母体25（OH）D水平不影响围产期结局和出生体重。.

Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effect of programmed exercise on depressive symptoms (DSs) in midlife and older women. Methods We carried out a structured search of PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scielo, from database inception through June 29, 2017, without language restriction. The search included the following terms: “depression”, “depressive symptoms”, “exercise”, “physical activity”, “menopause”, and “randomized controlled trial” (RCTs) in midlife and older women. The US, UK and Australian Clinical Trials databases were also searched. We assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of exercise for at least 6 weeks versus no intervention on DSs as the outcome (as defined by trial authors). Exercise was classified according to duration as “mid-term exercise intervention” (MTEI; lasting for 12 weeks to 4 months), and “long-term exercise intervention” (LTEI; lasting for 6–12 months). Mean changes (±standard deviations) in DSs, as assessed with different questionnaires, were extracted to calculate Hedges’ g and then used as the effect size for meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of DSs after intervention were pooled using a random-effects model. Results Eleven publications were included for analysis related to 1943 midlife and older women (age range 44–55 years minimum to 65.5 ± 4.0 maximum), none of whom was using a hormone therapy. Seven MTEIs were associated with a significant reduction in DSs (SMD = −0.44; 95% CI −0.69, −0.18; p = 0.0008) compared with controls. The reduction in DSs was also significant in six LTEIs (SMD = − 0.29; 95% CI −0.49; −0.09; p = 0.005). Heterogeneity of effects among studies was moderate to high. Less perceived stress and insomnia (after exercise) were also found as secondary outcomes. Conclusion Exercise of low to moderate intensity reduces depressive symptoms in midlife and older women.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding endometriosis and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).We carried out a search of the following databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Scielo, Clinicaltrials.gov, the UK Clinical Trials Gateway, and the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, from inception through April 28 2017, without language restrictions, in order to evaluate the effect of endometriosis over GDM risk, in women with and without endometriosis. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or mean differences (MDs) were calculated as effects. Methodological quality of evidence was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity among studies with the IWe identified 12 studies (10 cohort and two case control studies) with a total of 48,762 pregnancies, including 3,461 with endometriosis. Endometriosis had no significant effect on GDM risk (OR =1.14; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.51; p = .35, IBetter-designed studies are needed to confirm our results.

The menopausal transition and postmenopausal years are associated with body composition/endocrine adjustments, increase of some co-morbid conditions, and changes in social environment. During this phase, several symptoms and co-morbid complications are frequent and may vary in intensity and duration. Physical activity and exercise have been recommended although there are controversies from observational studies regarding their benefits. The present review analyzes different outcomes giving preference to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses that assess the real impact of various conditions prevalent during the second half of female life. Body composition, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic endpoints can be improved by programmed exercise. On the contrary, vasomotor symptoms and perceived stress are not improved by exercise. Depressive and anxiety symptoms may be improved by programmed exercise. Future RCTs should specifically define intensity and duration of weekly exercise in order to achieve the appropriate recommendations.

To assess the efficacy of cervical pessary application for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) in singleton pregnancies with a sonographically measured short cervix. Searches were conducted in PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in all languages from inception through 28 July 2018. Inclusion criteria were registered RCTs of singleton pregnants with a short cervix (≤ 25 mm) measured at 22–24 weeks comparing the use of a cervical pessary versus controls over the risk of SPB. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane tool. Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We identified three RCTs meeting defined inclusion criteria, including a total of 1612 pregnancies (805 used a cervical pessary). SPB risk at < 37 was lower for participants using the pessary (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.28–0.77). Pessary application was associated with a higher risk of presenting vaginal discharge (RR 2.05; 95% CI 1.82–2.31). There were no significant differences between pessary users and controls in terms of SPB at < 28 and < 34 weeks, and for any type of preterm birth < 34 weeks; mean gestational age and infant weight at delivery; and the risks of chorioamnionitis, cesarean delivery, and perinatal or neonatal outcomes. Sub-analysis by risk of bias showed that there was a lower risk of SPB < 34 weeks (RR 0.33; 95% CI 0.16–0.66) in two RCTs with low risk of bias. Cervical pessary application was associated with a reduced risk of SPB at < 37 weeks and a higher risk of vaginal discharge.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of uterine or paracervical lidocaine application on pain control during IUD insertion. Methods: PubMed and five other electronic research databases were searched through 15 November 2017 for RCTs comparing lidocaine treatment vs. a control (placebo or no-intervention) to prevent pain during IUD insertion. Searched terms included ‘IUD insertion’, ‘lidocaine’ and ‘randomised controlled trial’. RCTs evaluating lidocaine treatment before IUD insertion without restriction of language, age and IUD type. Pain measured by visual pain scales at tenaculum placement, IUD insertion and immediate post-IUD insertion. Results of random effects meta-analyses were reported as mean differences (MDs) of visual pain scale (VPS) scores and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Eleven RCTs (n = 1458 women) reporting paracervical lidocaine block or uterine mucosa lidocaine application before IUD insertion. Lidocaine produced lower VPS scores during tenaculum placement (MD −0.99, 95% CI: −1.73 to −0.26), IUD insertion (MD −1.26, 95% CI: −2.23 to −0.29) and immediate post-IUD insertion period (MD −1.25, 95% CI: −2.17 to −0.33). Conclusion: Lidocaine treatment was associated with modest reduction of pain during tenaculum placement and after IUD insertion. Revisión por pares

Objective To clarify the effect of programmed exercise (PE), performed for at least six weeks, on perceived stress (PS) in middle aged and old women. Methods A structured search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Web of Science and Scopus, from database inception through January 10, 2018, without language restriction. The US, UK, and Australian clinical trials databases were also searched. The search included a combination of the terms “programmed exercise”, “perceived stress”, “menopausal women” and “randomized controlled trial” (RCTs). PE was classified according to duration as “mid-term exercise intervention” (MTEI; mean duration 6 months), and “long-term exercise intervention” (LTEI; mean duration 12 months). Mean ± standard deviations of changes in PS scores, as assessed with different questionnaires, were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and used as effect size for meta-analysis. SMDs of PS after intervention were pooled using a random-effects model. Study quality and bias risk were assessed with the Cochrane tool. Results Five RCTs that studied midlife and older women (mean age 47.0 ± 1.7 years minimum to 71.8 ± 5.6 maximum) were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant effect of PE on PS score (SMD: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.43 to 0.11). In subgroup analyses, there was no significant effect of PE on PS with mid-term interventions (SMD: − 0.17; 95% CI: −0.59 to 0.25) nor with long-term interventions (SMD: −0.02; 95% CI: −0.42 to 0.38) as compared with controls. Conclusion PE of low to moderate intensity does not improve PS in midlife and older women.

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to clarify the effect of programmed exercise over mild-to-moderate anxiety symptoms (ASs) in midlife and older women. A structured search of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scielo, and the US, UK and Australian Clinical Trials databases (from inception through July 27, 2017) was performed, with no language restriction using the following terms: 'anxiety', 'anxiety symptoms', 'exercise', 'physical activity', 'menopause', and 'randomized controlled trial' (RCTs) in mid-aged and older women. We assessed RCTs that compared the effect of exercise for at least 6 weeks versus no intervention over ASs as outcome (as defined by trial authors). Exercise was classified according to duration as 'mid-term exercise intervention' (MTEI; for 12 weeks to 4 months), and 'long-term exercise intervention' (LTEI; for 6-14 months). Mean ± standard deviations of changes for ASs, as assessed with different questionnaires, were extracted to calculate Hedges' g and then used as effect size for meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of ASs after intervention were pooled using a random-effects model. Ten publications were included for analysis related to 1463 midlife and older women (minimum age 54.2 ± 3.5 and maximum age 77.6 ± 5.4 years). Eight MTEIs were associated with a significant reduction of ASs (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI -0.81 to -0.02) as compared to controls. There was no reduction of ASs in seven LTEIs (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.13). It can be concluded that MTEIs of low-to-moderate intensity seem to improve mild-moderate ASs in midlife and older women.

To compare the efficacy of single- versus double-balloon catheter (SBC vs. DBC) for cervical ripening and labor induction with an unfavorable cervix. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs (qRCT) regarding the use of SBC or DBC for labor induction of live singleton cephalic pregnancies (≥ 35 weeks) of any parity with an unripe cervix (Bishop score ≤ 6). Nine research databases were searched for original articles published in all languages up to November 2017 comparing both devices for labor induction. Five RCTs and one qRCT were included. Primary outcome measures were time from intervention (device placement) to birth time, vaginal delivery and cesarean section rates, and maternal satisfaction with the procedure. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane tool. Random effects models were used to combine data for meta-analyses. Summary measures were reported as mean differences and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Regardless of parity, pooled analyses of the six trials (n = 1060 women) found that mean intervention to birth time, vaginal delivery and cesarean section rates, and maternal satisfaction to the procedure were similar for both studied groups (SBC vs. DBC). Measured primary outcome measures were similar regardless of the type of device used for labor induction of singleton pregnancies.

Objective To investigate the association between endometriosis and preeclampsia and/or its severe forms (eclampsia and/or the hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count [HELLP] syndrome) in pregnancies conceived either spontaneously or by assisted reproductive technology (ART). Design and Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Search in PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, the UK Clinical Trials Gateway, and the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry was conducted from inception through 21 June 2017, without language restrictions. Primary outcome was preeclampsia and/or its severe forms (eclampsia and/or HELLP syndrome) in pregnant women. Random-effects models were used for meta-analyses. Endometriosis effect was estimated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 9 cohort and 4 case-control studies were eligible for data analysis, including 39,816 pregnancies with endometriosis and 2,831,065 without. Women with endometriosis diagnosed through biopsy did not have a higher preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome risk as compared to those without (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.56–1.82); this was found the same even if endometriosis was diagnosed using other procedures (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.94–1.40). Preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome risk was also not increased in women with endometriosis conceiving spontaneously (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.94–1.56) or through ART (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.41–1.35). Conclusion This meta-analysis evidences that endometriosis was not associated to a higher risk of preeclampsia and/or its severe forms in pregnancies either conceived spontaneously or through ART.