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Purpose The purpose of this prospective randomized clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that narrow-diameter titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy implants with a chemically modified hydrophilic surface are not inferior in regard to crestal bone level change compared with standard-diameter implants with the same implant surface and material (control). Materials and methods This multicenter study included 50 patients in need of a single tooth replacement in the anterior (canine to canine) or premolar region of the mandible or maxilla. Patients were included if the site could accommodate a 4.1-mm-diameter implant. Implants were temporarily restored at 3 to 4 weeks after placement. Definitive restorations were delivered 4 to 6 months after placement. Patients returned 1 year after implant loading for clinical measurements and radiographic examination. The primary outcome was mean crestal bone level changes measured between implant loading and 12 months postloading. Secondary outcomes included implant success, survival, gingival recession, and patient satisfaction. Results Fifty patients were enrolled; 47 completed the study. Twenty-three patients were in the narrow-diameter implant group (test), and 24 patients were in the standard-diameter implant group (control). The success and survival rates at 12 months postloading were 100% for both groups. The change in the mean crestal bone level from implant loading to 12 months postloading around narrow-diameter implants was -0.27 ± 0.34 mm. For the standard-diameter implants, the change was significantly higher at -0.48 ± 0.67 mm (P = .02). No significant difference was found in gingival recession and patient satisfaction. Conclusion The results of this prospective randomized clinical trial suggest noninferiority of the narrow- vs standard-diameter Ti-Zr implant. In addition, bone remodeling was less pronounced for the narrow-diameter implants.

Summary Background A case control study to better characterize the clinical features, laboratory, and radiological abnormalities associated with MERS-CoV infection in order to help with early identification of this syndrome from other respiratory infections. Methods Eighty patients admitted to a hospital in Riyadh, diagnosed with MERS-CoV infection based on RT-PCR were matched on age, sex, and the presence of a co-morbid condition on a basis of 1:2 to other patients admitted with respiratory symptoms and tested negative for MERS-CoV on RT-PCR. Results None of the reported MERS-CoV presenting symptoms was significantly associated with being infected with MERS-CoV. On the other hand, WBC count was significantly lower in patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection (median 5.7 vs 9.3, P: 0.0004). Neutrophil count was as well significantly lower in MERS-CoV patients (median 3.7 vs 6.7, P: 0.0001). Both AST, and ALT values were significantly higher in MERS-CoV infected group (AST median 42 vs 36, P: 0.03, and ALT median 33 vs 28, P: 0.003). Overall our MERS-CoV mortality rate was (10%) below the national figure of (40%). Conclusions None of the presenting symptoms are specific for MERS-CoV infection. And out of all the investigations WBC, neutrophil counts, AST and ALT values have some predictive utility.

Medeiros, Eduardo A/0000-0002-6205-259X; Garcell, Humberto Guanche/0000-0001-7279-0062; Leblebicioglu, Hakan/0000-0002-6033-8543; Dikmen, Yalim/0000-0002-3122-5099; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Kendirli, Tanil/0000-0001-9458-2803; Tsioutis, Constantinos/0000-0002-7865-8529; Yalcin, Ata Nevzat/0000-0002-7243-7354; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Acar, Ali/0000-0003-2008-5112; alvarez Moreno, carlos Arturo/0000-0001-5419-4494; Ozdemir, Halil/0000-0002-7318-1688; Satti, Asim/0000-0001-8432-6101; Barahona G., Nayide/0000-0003-3559-6900; Gikas, Achilleas/0000-0002-8455-9631; Mitrev, Zan/0000-0001-7859-8821; Jayatilleke, Kushlani/0000-0002-3931-6630; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Kanj, Souha/0000-0001-6413-3396; Gonzalez Martinez, Marisela del Rocio/0000-0003-1474-736X; Rodriguez Ferrer, Marena Luz/0000-0002-8053-8454 WOS: 000304378300003 PubMed: 21908073 The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright (C) 2011 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.