Search

Highlights • Calciphylaxis may cause severe soft tissue complications after total joint arthroplasty. • Caliphylaxis is a potential differential diagnosis to surgical site infection in patients with chronic kidney disease. • Skin biopsy should be taken in case of suspected calciphylaxis to confirm the diagnosis., Background context Calciphylaxis is a rare complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by calcifications of small blood vessels in the skin and soft tissue. The disease occurs almost exclusively in patients with chronic kidney disease and has an incidence of approximately 50 cases per year in Germany [1]. Purpose We present a case of a 61-year-old woman with calciphylaxis in connection with a primary knee endoprosthesis implantation. Study design Case report. Methods A review of the medical records since the time of initial hospital admission throughout the entire hospitalization until the death of the patient was performed. Results Calciphylaxis caused severe soft tissue complications after total joint arthroplasty. Despite interdisciplinary therapy, including revision and plastic surgery as well as intensive care, the patient died 4 months after primary total knee arthroplasty due to septic multi-organ failure. Conclusion Calciphylaxis may cause severe soft tissue complications after total joint arthroplasty and should be considered as potential differential diagnosis to surgical site infection. This is the first case report on calciphylaxis as direct complication of total joint replacement surgery.

Aktualisierung der 2010 publizierten evidenzbasierten S3-Leitlinie zu Epidemiologie, Diagnostik, Therapie und Management unkomplizierter, bakterieller, ambulant erworbener Harnwegsinfektionen (HWI) bei erwachsenen Patienten. Die aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie behandelt jetzt auch die Prophylaxe rezidivierender unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektionen. Die Leitlinie beinhaltet die aktuelle Evidenz zum rationalen Einsatz antimikrobieller Substanzen zur Reduktion eines unangemessenen Einsatzes bestimmter Antibiotikaklassen und zur Vermeidung der Entwicklung von Resistenzen. Die Aktualisierung der S3-Leitlinie erfolgte unter Federfuhrung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Urologie (DGU). Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde fur den Zeitraum 01.01.2008–31.12.2015 durchgefuhrt. Internationale Leitlinien wurden mitberucksichtigt. Evidenzgrad und Biasrisiko wurden zur Qualitatsprufung herangezogen. Aktualisierte Informationen zu Erregerempfindlichkeit, Erfolgsraten, Kollateralschaden und Sicherheit von Antibiotika der ersten und zweiten Wahl wurden neu gelistet. Fur die Therapie der unkomplizierten Zystitis sind in erster Linie Fosfomycin-Trometamol, Nitrofurantoin, Nitroxolin, Pivmecillinam oder Trimethoprim (unter Beachtung der ortlichen Resistenzsituation) zu empfehlen. Fluorchinolone und Cephalosporine sollen hier nicht als Antibiotika der ersten Wahl eingesetzt werden. Bei einer unkomplizierten Pyelonephritis mit leichten bis moderaten Verlaufsformen sollen vorzugsweise Cefpodoxim, Ceftibuten, Ciprofloxacin oder Levofloxacin als orale Antibiotika eingesetzt werden. Die aktualisierte deutsche S3-Leitlinie stellt eine umfassende Sammlung evidenz- und konsensbasierter Empfehlungen zur Epidemiologie, Diagnostik, Therapie, Pravention und Management unkomplizierter, bakterieller, ambulant erworbener Harnwegsinfektionen bei erwachsenen Patienten dar. Antibiotic Stewardship-Aspekte haben wesentlich die therapeutischen Empfehlungen gepragt. Eine breite Implementierung in alle behandelnden Fachgruppen ist notwendig, um eine vorausschauende Antibiotikapolitik zu gewahrleisten und damit eine Versorgungsverbesserung zu erzielen.

Candiduria is common in hospitalised patients, but the clinical relevance is still unclear. This study was done to further our knowledge on detection of and host responses to candiduria. Urines and clinical data from 136 patients in whom presence of yeast was diagnosed by microscopic urinalysis were collected. Diagnosis by standard urine culture methods on blood and MacConkey agar as well as on fungal culture medium (Sabouraud dextrose agar) was compared. Inflammatory parameters (IL-6 and IL-17, Ig) were quantified in the urine and compared with levels in control patients without candiduria. Standard urine culture methods detected only 37% of Candida spp. in urine. Sensitivity was especially low (23%) for C. glabrata and was independent of fungal burden. Candida specific IgG but not IgA was significantly elevated when compared with control patients (P < 0.0001 and 0.07 respectively). In addition, urine levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were significantly higher in candiduric patients when compared with control patients (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis documented an independent association between an increased IgG (odds ratio (OR) 136.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 25.7-719.2; P < 0.0001), an increased IL-17 (OR 17.4, 95% CI 5.3-57.0; P < 0.0001) and an increased IL-6 level (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.9-12.4; P = 0.001) and candiduria. In summary, our data indicate that clinical studies on candiduria should include fungal urine culture and that inflammatory parameters may be helpful to identify patients with clinically relevant candiduria.

The use of conventional CT- or MRI-based navigation systems for head and neck surgery is unsatisfactory due to tissue shift. Moreover, changes occurring during surgical procedures cannot be visualized. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a novel ultrasound-guided navigation system for head and neck surgery. A comprehensive error analysis was undertaken to determine the accuracy of this new system.The evaluation of the system accuracy was essentially based on the method of error definition for well-established fiducial marker registration methods (point-pair matching) as used in, for example, CT- or MRI-based navigation. This method was modified in accordance with the specific requirements of ultrasound-guided navigation. The Fiducial Localization Error (FLE), Fiducial Registration Error (FRE) and Target Registration Error (TRE) were determined.In our navigation system, the real error (the TRE actually measured) did not exceed a volume of 1.58 mm(3) with a probability of 0.9. A mean value of 0.8 mm (standard deviation: 0.25 mm) was found for the FRE. The quality of the coordinate tracking system (Polaris localizer) could be defined with an FLE of 0.4 +/- 0.11 mm (mean +/- standard deviation). The quality of the coordinates of the crosshairs of the phantom was determined with a deviation of 0.5 mm (standard deviation: 0.07 mm).The results demonstrate that our newly developed ultrasound-guided navigation system shows only very small system deviations and therefore provides very accurate data for practical applications.

Background Recent studies demonstrated the potential involvement of nerve fibres in the chronic inflammatory process of endometriosis. We aimed to characterize nerve fibres in the proximal and distal areas of the peritoneal endometriotic lesions in order to understand the chronic inflammatory process in endometriosis. Methods Peritoneal endometriotic lesions (proximal area) (n = 17), the matching unaffected peritoneum (distal area) and healthy peritoneum of patients without endometriosis (n = 15) were analysed with the neuronal markers PGP 9.5, calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin. Peritoneal fluids of women with and without endometriosis were used for Western blot analysis and for the neuronal growth assay. The protein expression of neuronal PC-12 cells incubated with peritoneal fluids was analysed. Results The overall nerve fibre density was significantly reduced in the distal area of the lesion when compared with the proximal area or with healthy peritoneum. The density of calbindin-, calretinin- and parvalbumin-positive nerve fibres was significantly increased in the endometriosis group. Calretinin expression was elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with symptomatic endometriosis when compared with women with asymptomatic endometriosis. Furthermore, PC-12 cells incubated with peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis showed a higher proliferation rate and a stronger neurite outgrowth than the control group. PC-12 cells incubated in peritoneal fluids of women with endometriosis expressed less calretinin but more calbindin than the control group. Conclusions Calcium-binding proteins seem to be increased in endometriosis-associated nerve fibres and might play an important role in the chronic inflammatory condition and the pain pathogenesis of endometriosis.