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Objective To identify differences related to sex and define autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comorbidities female-enriched through a comprehensive multi-PheWAS intersection approach on big, real-world data. Although sex difference is a consistent and recognized feature of ASD, additional clinical correlates could help to identify potential disease subgroups, based on sex and age. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic comorbidity analysis on 1860 groups of comorbidities exploring all spectrum of known disease, in 59 140 individuals (11 440 females) with ASD from 4 age groups. We explored ASD sex differences in 2 independent real-world datasets, across all potential comorbidities by comparing (1) females with ASD vs males with ASD and (2) females with ASD vs females without ASD. Results We identified 27 different comorbidities that appeared significantly more frequently in females with ASD. The comorbidities were mostly neurological (eg, epilepsy, odds ratio [OR] > 1.8, 3-18 years of age), congenital (eg, chromosomal anomalies, OR > 2, 3-18 years of age), and mental disorders (eg, intellectual disability, OR > 1.7, 6-18 years of age). Novel comorbidities included endocrine metabolic diseases (eg, failure to thrive, OR = 2.5, ages 0-2), digestive disorders (gastroesophageal reflux disease: OR = 1.7, 6-11 years of age; and constipation: OR > 1.6, 3-11 years of age), and sense organs (strabismus: OR > 1.8, 3-18 years of age). Discussion A multi-PheWAS intersection approach on real-world data as presented in this study uniquely contributes to the growing body of research regarding sex-based comorbidity analysis in ASD population. Conclusions Our findings provide insights into female-enriched ASD comorbidities that are potentially important in diagnosis, as well as the identification of distinct comorbidity patterns influencing anticipatory treatment or referrals. The code is publicly available (https://github.com/hms-dbmi/sexDifferenceInASD).

Introduction: Burns are medicolegally importance as they are commonest cause of unnatural death in India. Burn is an important factor in suicide and homicide all over world. Burns remain a significant public health problem in low/middle-income countries, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality Aims &Objectives: To find out how thermal burn affect incidence, age, habitat, marital status, manner of death and its medico legal consequence. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital during 2014 to 2018 to assess the pattern of burn deaths amongst females brought for Medico-legal Autopsy from various police stations of Patna district under F.M.T department of N.M.C, Patna in the State of Bihar. Total 540 female burn cases brought for autopsy were included in study. Results: The highest numbers of victims were in the age group of 21 to 30 years (42.23%). Majority of the cases were from rural areas 75.19% and 81.85% of the victims were married. Mostly manner of death is accidental 57.40%. Majority of the burn victims death of the studied case were Hindu. Conclusion: Married females of productive age group belonging to rural areas are worst affected in burn injuries. Awareness campaigns targeting safety precautions, opportunities for basic health education and a change in mindset of society towards females are necessary to curb this menace of burn injuries. Keywords: Burn, Female, Nature of Death, Bihar.

Both in malignant and non-malignant disorders stem cell based therapies are increasingly being utilized with promising results. hematopoietic reconstitution comprises mainly of 3 types of cells bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB), and umbilical cord blood (UCB). The readily available and abundant resource of stem cell is umbilical cord blood. However, the typical single UCB unit could fetch relatively low numbers of hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and the associated delay in procuring them restrict its routine applicability. In the past decade, the clinical applications of UCBbased cell therapies have broadened with a growing number of diseases treated with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. The assessment of UCB unit hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), such as CD34+ cells or CFUs (Colony forming units), may provide a more direct estimate of the hematopoietic potential of the unit than the TNC count. As interlaboratory standardization of these assays has been achieved, the selection of UCB units for banking based on quantitation of hematopoietic progenitors is currently not feasible. However, CFU assays provide the only reliable assessment of the viability of the CB unit, although great efforts have been made to develop flow cytometry methods for viability staining. Despite of extreme efforts to find strategies that would enable the ex vivo amplification of stem cells for transplantation globally, it has been proven difficult to culture the HSCs in the labs. Therefore, it is imperative to have clear understanding regarding integration of HSC self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, molecules participating in their regulation and clinical benefit after their modification. Attempts have been made to improve the quality of UCB units through e.g. standardization of bank procedures, of stem cell enumeration, and of the assessment of HPCs viability. Over 4000000 UCB units are currently available in international registries. However, a significant proportion of patients is still left without a suitable donor, necessitating further development of UCB banking process.

Background: Obtaining accurate, precise, and reliable platelet counts as a reference for the calibration of hematology analyzers has been a continuing problem due to varying results. We proposed the relativity of platelet count by Automated Cell Counter and Manual Haemocytometer with Peripheral smear for focusing the accuracy and & cost effectiveness, without compromising the accuracy of test results. Methods: Seventy-Five blood samples in EDTA-anticoagulant vacutainer tubes were obtained and randomly divided into 3 group; Group I-normal control (n = 25), Group II-mild thrombocytopenia (n = 25) and Group III-severe thrombocytopenia (n = 25). Each blood sample had two peripheral blood smears made and stained on an automatic slide stainer. Peripheral blood smears were analyzed for platelet count by manual microscopy, an automated hematology analyzer Beckman Counter Diff 2 in all groups. The agreement between the two methodologies was assessed using the paired t-test and correlation coefficient analyses. Results: The coefficient of variation values significantly differed in Group C and was high for automated cell counter. High positive correlation was also observed between Automated cell counter values and manual method (r=0.82, p