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Penetrating and blunt trauma to the plantar aspect of the foot are common. Both penetrating and blunt trauma may be associated with an injury to the blood vessels, which may go undetected clinically. A minor puncture, blunt trauma and repeated blunt trauma can injure small arteries leading to an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The arterial rupture leads to a system of veins creating a small AVF and appearing clinically as a blue colored, painful lesion. A case of such an injury is presented where the clinical examination, magnetic resonance arteriogram and point of service ultrasound with duplex imaging was used to diagnose the AVF. The AVF was treated in the clinic with a percutaneous ultrasound-guided laser procedure. The laser procedure was effective and there was minimal post procedural morbidity.

OBJECTIVES: Nationwide COVID-19 vaccination was initiated in India on January 16, 2021, in a phased manner with vaccines including Covishield. This vaccine was indigenously prepared by Serum Institute of India in line with the Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 vaccine developed at the University of Oxford. This is the first multicenter study to assess the safety of the indigenously prepared Covishield vaccine in India. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter observational descriptive study. METHODS: This was a multicenter study carried out in northern and eastern India. Individuals who received the first dose of the Covishield vaccine were followed up for 7 days to check for any adverse effects or systemic effects post vaccination. The data were collected by the authors with a participant-administered questionnaire. The primary end point was the incidence of adverse or systemic effects within 7 days post vaccination. RESULTS: No serious adverse or systemic effects were noted in 7 days of follow-up. Nonserious systemic effects were seen in 42.0% of individuals post vaccination. Myalgia and/or fatigue was the most common effect of vaccination in 25.7%, followed by fever in 22.0% of individuals. In most individuals, the systemic effects started 6 to 12 hours post vaccination. There were no reports of fresh onset of systemic effects of any kind beyond 48 hours of vaccination. Women and older adults tolerated the vaccination better. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of serious adverse effects in our study will help allay fears around vaccine acceptance and give a boost to the vaccination campaign worldwide.

Ophthalmic timolol solution is increasingly being repurposed as a topical therapeutic for a variety of dermatologic diseases, including pyogenic granulomas, infantile hemangiomas, and chronic wounds. There are no published guidelines or protocols for use in these indications in adults, and the dermatologic community may not be familiar with adverse events that have been extensively documented relating to its ophthalmic use. We review the evidence available relating to adverse events to topical timolol use to evaluate its safety in dermatologic applications and to alert clinicians to screening and monitoring that is needed when repurposing this drug for dermatologic use. The majority of serious adverse events associated with ophthalmic timolol were reported in the first 7 years of use, between 1978 and 1985, of which most common were cardiovascular and respiratory events, but also included 32 deaths. The available evidence suggests that ophthalmic timolol safety profiling may have been incomplete prior to widespread use. Recent clinical trials for dermatologic indications have focused on documenting efficacy and have not had rigorous monitoring for potential adverse events. Topical timolol may be safe and effective for the treatment of various dermatologic conditions in patients whose medical histories have been carefully reviewed for evidence of pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary disease and are monitored for potential adverse events. Despite the wide use of timolol in ophthalmologic practice, safe dermatologic repurposing requires recognition of the potential for facilitated systemic absorption though the skin and appreciation of its history of adverse events.

Background: Chronic wounds remain a challenge for the clinician and healthcare system. It is therefore vital for additional therapies that target steps involved in wound recalcitrance. Recently, topical timolol has shown promising results for use in wound healing. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess timolol’s effectiveness in healing wounds of varying etiologies. Methods: This multi-center series took place from 2016¬–2019 at the wound healing centers at the University of Miami Health System and the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare. We identified all wound patients who received treatment with topical timolol maleate 0.5% for at least 4 weeks after failing previous treatments. Timolol drops at a dose of 1 drop per cm2 of wound area were instilled with dressing changes twice a day, once a day, every other day, or continuous application. Once they began the study, they stopped all concurrent therapies aside from standard of care. Healing outcomes were classified into 3 categories: healed, defined as complete re-epithelialization of the wound and closure, improved, defined as decreasing wound size area (WSA), and worsening, defined as increasing WSA. Results: We identified 39 patients, 32 males and 7 females that had a total of 55 chronic wounds of varying etiologies. Thirty-four of the wounds had completely healed, 15 wounds improved in WSA, 4 wounds were unchanged in WSA, and 2 wounds worsened in WSA. Conclusions: In line with our previous experience, we found topical timolol to be a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious treatment for recalcitrant wounds of varying etiologies.

Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the most common cause of leg amputations and their management is extremely challenging. Despite many advances and expensive therapies, there has been little success in improving outcomes of DFUs. In prior work our laboratory has examined the effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists (βAAs) on skin and skin-derived cells. We have shown that βAAs enhance the rate of keratinocyte migration, promote angiogenesis, and hasten wound healing in scratch wounds in vitro, in animal wound models, and in anecdotally reported cases of chronic wounds that healed successfully after topical application of the βAA timolol. Thus, we propose to test timolol directly on DFUs to determine if it improves healing above the current standard of care (SOC). This study will examine the efficacy and safety of topically applied beta-antagonist Timoptic-XE® (timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution) in subjects with DFUs. Methods/design This is a phase two, randomized, double-blinded, controlled, and parallel-group clinical trial with two treatment arms, SOC plus topical Timoptic-XE® and SOC plus a non-biologically active gel (hydrogel, as placebo drug). Study subjects with a DFU will be selected from the Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System (VANCHCS). Study duration is up to 31 weeks, with three phases (screening phase for two weeks, active phase for up to 12 weeks, with an additional second consecutive confirmatory visit after 2 weeks, and follow-up phase comprising monthly visits for 4 months). Subjects will apply daily either the topical study drug or the placebo on the foot ulcer for 12 weeks or until healed, whichever comes first. Measurements of wound size and other data will be collected at baseline, followed by weekly visits for 12 weeks, and then a monthly follow-up period. Discussion This is a clinical translation study, moving the investigators’ pre-clinical laboratory research into a translational study in which we will analyze clinical outcomes to assess for safety and estimate the efficacy of a topical beta-antagonist in healing of DFUs. The results from this trial may establish new treatment paradigms and safety profile for DFU treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03282981. Registered on June 14th, 2018.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic applications of light emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) are expanding, yet data on its clinical effects are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety of high fluence LED-RL (≥160 J/cm(2)). METHODS: In two phase I, single-blind, dose escalation, randomized controlled trials, healthy subjects received LED-RL or mock irradiation to the forearm thrice weekly for three weeks at fluences of 160 to 640 J/cm(2) for all skin types (STARS 1, n=60) and at 480 to 640 J/cm(2) for non-Hispanic Caucasians (STARS 2, n=55). The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). The maximum tolerated dose was the highest fluence that did not elicit predefined AEs. RESULTS: Dose-limiting AEs, including blistering and prolonged erythema, occurred at 480 J/cm(2) in STARS 1 (n=1) and 640 J/cm(2) in STARS 2 (n=2). AEs of transient erythema and hyperpigmentation were mild. No serious AEs occurred. CONCLUSIONS: LED-RL is safe up to 320 J/cm(2) for skin of color and 480 J/cm(2) for non-Hispanic Caucasian individuals. LED-RL may exert differential cutaneous effects depending on race and ethnicity, with darker skin being more photosensitive. These findings may guide future studies to evaluate the efficacy of LED-RL for the treatment of various diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02630303 and NCT03433222

Background Visible light (400 to 700 nm) is common in our environment, comprising 44% of total solar radiation and a large component of environmental light exposure. The effects of visible light on skin remain undefined. The red light portion of the visible spectrum (600 to 700 nm) may be used to treat skin diseases as a monotherapeutic modality or in combination with other agents. Light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) phototherapy may represent an important advance in light-based treatment modalities because it is non-invasive, inexpensive, portable, and easily combinable with other therapies. We previously determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of high-fluence LED-RL (HF-LED-RL) in skin of color individuals to be 320 J/cm2. To the best of our knowledge, no clinical trials have been performed to determine the safety of higher doses of HF-LED-RL in Caucasian non-Hispanic individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of HF-LED-RL at doses of 480 and 640 J/cm2 in healthy Caucasian non-Hispanic individuals. Methods This is a single-blind, dose-escalation, randomized, controlled, phase I trial titled Safety Trial Assessing Red-light on Skin (STARS) 2. Healthy subjects will be randomly assigned to groups of five (three subjects randomly assigned to HF-LED-RL phototherapy and two subjects randomly assigned to mock therapy). Subjects in group 1 will receive HF-LED-RL or mock irradiation at the starting dose of 480 J/cm2, and the dose will be escalated in the subsequent group (group 2) to 640 J/cm2. The MTD is defined as the dose level below the dose at which two or more subjects (>20% of the cohort) experience a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). After either the MTD is established or the study endpoint of 640 J/cm2 is achieved, additional HF-LED-RL phototherapy subjects and mock therapy subjects will be enrolled at that fluence (group 3) for a total number of up to 60 subjects. Each subject will receive a total of nine irradiation sessions, three times per week for three consecutive weeks. Discussion This follow-up study aims to provide important knowledge about safety and cutaneous effects of HF-LED-RL phototherapy of 480 and 640 J/cm2 in Caucasian non-Hispanic subjects. The importance of this clinical trial is that it may establish new treatment paradigms and a safety profile for LED-RL based on race and ethnicity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03433222. Registered on February 1, 2018 - Retrospectively registered. Protocol date and version: January 12, 2018; version 1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3278-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: With the sudden outbreak of coronavirus pandemic in 2020, there is a paucity of data on the clinical and epidemiological profile of COVID positive paediatric patients. Objective of the study was a retrospective analysis of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases admitted to a district Hospital of Northern India.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Government Multi-speciality Hospital, Chandigarh from 22 March 2020 till 30 November 2020.Results: A total of 842 children were enrolled. Among neonates, 33% had sepsis as the major admitting diagnosis and SARI in children less than 1 year (excluding neonates) (33.5%) and in the 1-5 years age group (37.3%). In children more than 5 years, acute febrile illnesses were the main admitting diagnosis (50.4%). 204 patients (24.2%) were tested for COVID-19. 62 children (30.4%) were found to be positive. Asymptomatic children (74.2%) dominated the COVID-19 positive group. The most common symptom included fever (87.5%) with no reported mortality. Atypical symptoms (56.1%) were more common than respiratory symptoms. The majority of children had mild COVID-19 symptoms (62.6%). The unusual presentation of COVID-19 was in the form of acute appendicitis (6.2%) and renal vein thrombosis (6.2%) in the symptomatic group.Conclusions: For children with COVID-19, most of them were infected via family clustering, were asymptomatic, and had mild symptoms with an overall good prognosis. However, for atypical cases, a high suspicion of COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome should be kept in mind for early diagnosis.

In the present time, a phenomenal increase in the demand for herbal medicine has been observed and a need has been felt for insuring the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal drug preparations. Standardisation is one of the tools for the assessment of quality, purity and efficacy which includes preliminary phytochemical screening, fingerprint profile using biomarkers corroborated with modern analytical techniques. HPTLC has established itself as an important tool for handling the qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of herbal drugs and formulations due to its simplicity, flexibility, reliability and cost efficient separation. Four ayurvedic formulations Nimbadi Churna (Vyas Pharmaceuticals), Pushyanug Churna (Baidyanath Ayurved Bhavan), Khadirarishta (Sandu Pharmaceuticals Ltd.), Trifla Ghrita (AVS Kottakkal) have been selected in the present study. The use of these formulations varies from blood purification, bleeding disorders to eye related diseases. These also act as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anthelmintic agents. Berberine is one of the major constituents in all the selected formulations. The major therapeutic activity of berberine is for the treatment of infection and inflammation, however, the antidiabetic potential of berberine is also under scrutiny. In the present study, quantitative determination of berberine was carried out in all the formulations by TLC densitometric analysis. Further, the anti-diabetic activity of these formulations was evaluated by streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats using glimepiride and berberine as a standard drug. All the formulations at a dose level of 45 mg/kg showed significant hypoglycemic activity and formulation-III, showed better activity as compared to the standard drug. Hence these formulations can be used in the treatment of diabetes beyond their usual activities.

Manipulations of the sensory environment typically induce greater changes to the developing nervous system than they do in adulthood. The relevance of these neural changes can be evaluated by examining the age-dependent effects of sensory experience on quantitative measures of perception. Here, we measured frequency modulation (FM) detection thresholds in adult gerbils and investigated whether diminished auditory experience during development or in adulthood influenced perceptual performance. Bilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL) of ≈30 dB was induced either at postnatal day 10 or after sexual maturation. All animals were then trained as adults to detect a 5 Hz FM embedded in a continuous 4 kHz tone. FM detection thresholds were defined as the minimum deviation from the carrier frequency that the animal could reliably detect. Normal-hearing animals displayed FM thresholds of 25 Hz. Inducing CHL, either in juvenile or adult animals, led to a deficit in FM detection. However, this deficit was greater for juvenile onset hearing loss (89 Hz) relative to adult onset hearing loss (64 Hz). The effects could not be attributed to sensation level, nor were they correlated with proxies for attention. The thresholds displayed by CHL animals were correlated with shallower psychometric function slopes, suggesting that hearing loss was associated with greater variance of the decision variable, consistent with increased internal noise. The results show that decreased auditory experience has a greater impact on perceptual skills when initiated at an early age and raises the possibility that altered development of CNS synapses may play a causative role.

A 40-year-old female patient presented to ears, nose and throat complaining of cacosmia and discharge from the left maxillary sinus. Her CT scan revealed an ectopic supplemental nasal tooth which could not be removed by nasoendoscopy. Therefore, a conventional intraoral surgical approach was taken. In this case, we discuss the indications for conventional surgical removal of teeth from the nasal cavity when a nasoendoscopic approach is not possible. We highlight the potential pitfalls of both conventional and nasoendoscopic approaches, including some essential considerations when treatment planning these cases.

Estrogens are essential for normal brain functions. The effects of estrogens on seizures are contradictory. More studies are necessary to determine under which conditions the estrogens have proconvulsant effects and when the estrogens may have beneficial action in patients with epilepsy.

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is one of the most potential bicyclic 5-6 heterocyclic rings that is recognized as a "drug prejudice" scaffold due to its broad range of applications in medicinal chemistry such as anticancer, antimycobacterial, antileishmanial, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, proton pump inhibitor, insecticidal activities. This scaffold has also been represented in various marketed preparations such as zolimidine, zolpidem, alpidem. Therefore, several attempts were made to carry out the structural modifications of this scaffold to discover and develop novel therapeutic agents. This review provides a valuable insight into the research findings of wide range of derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffold leading to promising heterocyclic compounds which could be explored further for the synthesis of new derivatives as well as construction of potential drug-like chemical libraries for biological screening in search of new therapeutic agents.

Sensory experience during early development can shape the central nervous system and this is thought to influence adult perceptual skills. In the auditory system, early induction of conductive hearing loss (CHL) leads to deficits in central auditory coding properties in adult animals, and this is accompanied by diminished perceptual thresholds. In contrast, a brief regimen of auditory training during development can enhance the perceptual skills of animals when tested in adulthood. Here, we asked whether a brief period of training during development could compensate for the perceptual deficits displayed by adult animals reared with CHL. Juvenile gerbils with CHL, and age-matched controls, were trained on a frequency modulation (FM) detection task for 4 or 10 days. The performance of each group was subsequently assessed in adulthood, and compared to adults with normal hearing or adults raised with CHL that did not receive juvenile training. We show that as juveniles, both CHL and NH animals display similar FM detection thresholds that are not immediately impacted by the perceptual training. However, as adults, detection thresholds and psychometric function slopes of these animals were significantly improved. Importantly, CHL adults with juvenile training displayed thresholds that approached normal hearing adults. Additionally, we found that hearing impaired animals trained for 10 days displayed adult thresholds closer to untrained adults than those trained for 4 days. Thus, a relatively brief period of auditory training may compensate for the deleterious impact of hearing deprivation on auditory perception on the trained task.

Introduction: Fetal-NeonatalAlloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is the result of an incompatibility between maternal and fetal human platelet alloantigens (HPA). Affecting 1 in 1000 births, it is one of the most common causes of thrombocytopenia in the neonate. Prospective studies reveal that only 5-10% of pregnancies with HPA-1a incompatibilities result in maternalalloimmunization. The association of HPA-1a incompatibility andalloimmunization is largely based on an immune response gene: the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class II DRB3*0101 haplotype. Clinical studies have shown that >90% of women that produce HPA-1a antibodies express HLA-DRB3*0101. The HLA-DRB3*0101 haplotype is found on the HLA-DR3 locus of HLA-A1-B8-DR3 - amultigene haplotype which has been implicated in the development of a number of autoimmune diseases. The presence of HLA-A1-B8-DR3 has been shown to impact susceptibility to, the age of onset, and severity of autoimmune diseases. In this study we seek to investigate whether the HPA-1aalloimmunization that results in FNAIT, which is linked to the autoimmune haplotype, is also associated with an increased incidence of maternal autoimmune diseases following pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients with HPA-1a cases of FNAIT associated pregnancies. Patients with serologically confirmed anti-HPA-1a FNAIT completed a general health status survey developed by our laboratory in 2013 (n = 51; mean age = 30.6 years). In addition to questions about their health, patients described the course of their pregnancy, complications, and any health problems that followed their pregnancy. A follow-up survey was conducted in 2015 (n = 49, mean age = 33.4 years) with additional questions focusing on the development of autoimmune diseases. The incidence of autoimmune disease in our sample population was compared with that in the general population controlled for age and gender (Centers for Disease Control; Table 1). Results: Analysis revealed that of the 49 patients contacted in 2015, 25 patients (51%) had a confirmed diagnosis of an autoimmune disease. Patients reported Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (34.6%), Systemic LupusErythematosus (SLE)(10.2%),Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) (4%), and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (2%). When compared with the general population, controlled for age and gender, there was an increased incidence of both RA and SLE in the study population. Conclusions: Our results reveal that patients with HPA-1aalloimmunization have indeed developed autoimmune diseases or symptoms that may suggest an autoimmune disease since initial contact in 2013. Specifically, of the 49 patients that were contacted in 2015 and completed the autoimmune disease questionnaire, 25 had confirmed diagnoses of an autoimmune disease. Given the role of the HLA-DR3*0101 haplotype in HLA-1aalloimmunization and that of HLA-A1-B8-DR3 in the development of autoimmune disease, this data suggests that women who do not encode for HPA-1a (i.e., those that express HPA-1b1b) and develop HPA-1aalloimmunization may be susceptible to the development of autoimmune disease(s) later in life. These findings will be compared with women who do not encode for HPA-1a (i.e., those that express HPA-1b1b) but do not make anti-HPA-1a antibodies.Future studies can be aimed at investigating not only the frequency with which autoimmune diseases occur followingalloimmunization but also if they can be prevented. Disclosures Bussel: Protalex: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Immunomedics: Research Funding; Symphogen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; BiologicTx: Research Funding; Rigel Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; UpToDate: Patents & Royalties; Prophylix Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Physicians Education Resource: Speakers Bureau; Eisai: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Momenta Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding; Ligand: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Cangene: Research Funding; Shionogi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sysmex: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

Introduction: Alloimmune neutropenia (AIN) is a rare condition resulting from transplacental passage of maternal alloantibodies against paternal human neutrophil antigens (HNA). The resulting neutropenia may persist for months and predisposes neonates to bacterial and fungal infections, in particular sepsis. Despite the danger posed to neonates, little is known about the clinical features of AIN; no reviews incorporating more than 10 cases have comprehensive clinical information. The aim of this summary is to assess clinical data describing cases of AIN. Methods: A Pubmed search was performed for cases of AIN. In addition, a search was performed from the reference lists of all identified articles. Only English language articles describing serologically confirmed cases of AIN were included in our review. Analysis was primarily descriptive. By including case reports, a bias is incorporated to more severe and unusual cases but this was the only approach to obtaining information on AIN cases. Twenty-seven studies were identified - two case series[Tomicic Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014 (15 cases) and van den Tooren-de-Groot Acta Paediatr. 2014. (35 cases)] and 25 case reports that described 39 cases of AIN, a total of 89 cases (Table 1). The two case series relied on antibody testing to identify confirmed cases of AIN whereas the 25 articles described neutropenic neonates that were eventually diagnosed with AIN. Results: Analysis revealed that AIN was first suspected due to an infection or as a part of routine blood work completed for preterm infants. Neonates either presented with no infection (29%), omphalitis (25%) or other infections; sepsis was identified in 14% (only 1 death). The mean gestational age was 35.6-36 weeks and mean birth weight was 2500-2700 grams. The HNA antibodies most commonly identified in AIN were anti-HNA-1b (25%), anti-HNA-1a (16%), and anti-HNA-1c (16%) with anti-HNA-2 (18%) and anti-FcgammaRIII (11%) next. Differences in course between different anti-HNA antibodies were not identified. Antibiotics were most commonly used in treatment (>65%), most of the time (52%) on their own; G-CSF was used in 11% of cases. Neutropenia resolved within 6 months. In very few cases was information provided on subsequent pregnancies. Conclusions: Together, the studies provided information on why neonates were tested for AIN, HNA-antibody target, treatment of infections, weight and age of neonates and the average duration of neutropenia. In comparison to fetal and neonatal disorders hemolytic disease and alloimmune thrombocytopenia, there is still much to be learned about AIN. Analysis of the 89 cases suggests that AIN should be thought of earlier in infected neutropenic neonates, especially those with omphalitis and more consideration given to G-CSF and/or IVIG. The low incidence rate, self-limiting course, and current practice not to routinely obtain CBCs with differentials in neonates all contribute to the low rate of identifying AIN. Furthermore, serologic testing is not rapidly available in most clinical settings. To obtain a better understanding of the clinical features of AIN, a comprehensive prospective study evaluating full clinical data in real time of neonates serologically tested and found to have AIN should be conducted. Table 1. Comparison of Cases of Alloimmune Neutropenia (AIN) van den Tooren-de Groot et al. 2014(n = 35) Tomicic et al. 2014 (n = 15) Case Reports (n = 39) Total (n = 89) Average Birth Weight (g) 2776 - 2556.6 Average Gestational Age (Weeks) 35.6 - 36.0 Average Absolute Neutrophil Count (/mm3) 430 631 197 HNA Antibodies anti-HNA-1a 7 1 4 12 (16%) anti-HNA-1b 12 - 7 19 (25%) anti-HNA-1c 2 1 9 12 (16%) anti-HNA-2 8 3 3 14 (18%) anti-HNA-3a 1 - - 1 (1%) anti-HNA-5a 1 - 2 3 (4%) anti-FcgammaRIIIb 4 2 3 9 (11%) anti-HLA - 4 2 6 (8%) Treatment No Treatment - 6 3 9 (12%) Antibiotics 25 7 7 39 (52%) Antibiotics and IVIG - 1 - 1 (1%) Antibiotics and G-CSF - 1 8 9 (12%) G-CSF 1 - - 1 (1%) Other - - 16 16 (21%) Clinical Data No Infection 14 - 9 23 (29%) UTI 1 - - 1 (1%) Omphalitis 6 7 7 20 (25%) Candida Mucositis 1 - - 1 (1%) FUO 6 - 1 7 (8%) Sepsis 7 2 5 14 (18%) Other - - 12 12 (15%) Death 0 0 1 1 (1%) Average Time for Neutropenia to Resolve (Weeks) - 7.7 9.8 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.