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Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most common treatments, despite their side effects including toxicity, metastasis and multidrug resistance, thus evoking the need to develop safer treatment. Moringa oleifera (Mo) acts as anticancer agent but has poor bioavailability then incorporated with folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as drug carriers may enhance the action of Mo in OSCC treatment. Purpose:To describe the potential of Mo extract incorporated with folic acid-conjugated AuNPs as an OSCC therapy by modulating intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Review:Mo-AuNPs was injected to the body and reached the target cell. Folic acid in AuNPs bound to folic acid receptors in the cell membrane thus promoting endocytosis and encapsulation of Mo. AuNPs along with irradiation using near infrared light converted light into heat thus promoting pro-apoptotic protein release. This condition was also supported by Mo's ability to downregulate Akt thus upregulating Bad. Bad induces translocation of Bax into the outer mitochondrial membrane then induces the opening of mitochondrial pores. This condition manifests in formation of apoptosomes thus activating caspase-3 and inducing formation of apoptotic bodies. Conclusion:Mo extract-incorporated with folic acid-conjugated AuNPs may potential as an OSCC therapy by modulating intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

Background:Orthodontic treatment success does not only depend on proper diagnosis and treatment, but also on patient’s compliance. Patient’s progress and compliance can be monitored through in-office visits at certain time intervals. However, this interval is not necessarily ideal for every patient. Purpose:To overcome this limitation, Dental Monitoring® (DM) is introduced as artificial intelligence (AI) driven remote monitoring, which analyzes tooth movement, oral hygiene, and the condition of orthodontic appliances. This study aimed to describe the clinical application of DM based on the number of in-office visits, duration of treatment, number of refinements, stability of retention phase, tooth movement, patient's oral hygiene, and patient’s subjective perception regarding DM. Review:Based on five articles included, the use of DM during orthodontic treatment had several advantages including the increase of patient’s compliance on maintaining oral hygiene and significant reduction of in-office visits, thus increasing the treatment’s effectiveness and comfort for patients. Duration of treatment and number of refinements that do not differ significantly between DM and non-DM users are considered as DM’s other advantages as it could reduce in-office visits without compromising treatment’s effectiveness. Orthodontic relapse can also be identified hence severe relapse can be prevented. Conclusion:The clinical application of DM can reduce in-office visits, improve oral hygiene and retention stability. However, the use of DM must be carefully considered to prevent decline in doctor-patient relationships

This study was aims to explore, describe, and analyze parent support for the speech delay early childhood. This study used to the qualitative method of the research subject is both parents of children who experience speech delay in Kalisari village. This study was used to three methods of data collection, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analyze used to descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of the discussion that has been described it can be concluded that parent support that has been given to children who experience speech delay is informational support, assessment support, instrumental support, emotional social support, and real support. Of the five supports, the researchers concluded that the support often used by subjects was informational support, namely parents provided support through the provision of good advice and advice, giving instructions by installing pictures in the refrigerator so that the twins could understand the food taken and want to say food they took, and provided information by taking the twins for a walk to get a new vocabulary.

Background. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is infection caused by Dengue Virus. Failure of vascularization is a main symptom of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever inducing mediator secretion by an immune cell. Fc g RIIA and CCL2 have a significant role in dengue pathogenesis and possibility in having a chance to cause dengue with a worse manifestation. Objective. A nalysis of bio-informatic structure, function and expression of Fc g RIIA gene . Methods. Insilico analysis used NCBI database to find position and sequences. Analysis mutant use SNO and OMIM. Protein prediction withUniprot. Result. Fc g RIIA human with access number of NM_001136219 by a length of 2429 bp has its full name as Fc Fragment of IgG receptor IIa, located in 1q23.3 chromosom. analyzed mutation was rs1801274 with type of missense protein residue function experiencing a change from Histidin (H) turning into Arginin (R) with allele of wild-type A and becoming G amino acid position of 166 . there was structural difference of Fc g RIIA gene in wild type and mutant . Conclusion. Gene Fc g RIIA is a play a role of pathogenesis of dengue infection. Mutation in Fc g RIIA have polymorfisme at Dengue Hemorrage Fever

Indonesia is a country with a very high rate of moving to work. A survey by Tower and Watson in 2013 shows that the level of voluntary attrition rate in Indonesia is 20.35%. Comparing to developing countries, however, it is fast in the Asia Pacific which is only 12.39%, and globally it is only 8.24%. The core research aims to determine the Analysis of the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Stress and Turnover Intention of Nurses at Type B Private Hospital in Medan City in 2020. This papers described is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The cross-sectional research design is where all influencing variables (independent variables) and affected variables (dependent variables) are measured and observed at the same time. Statistically, it shows that the value of 0.176 df = 1 with a significance value of 0.05 where X2 counts X2 table means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a relationship between job stress and the desire to move jobs (Turnover Intention). It is hoped that the hospital will form a special meeting for nurses as a forum to accommodate nurses' aspirations to increase the sense of involvement of nurse employees which has an impact on decreasing the desire to move jobs. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Desire to Move (Turnover Intention).

The effective communication that occurs between doctors and patients will create a sense of comfort for the patient with medical therapy given by the doctor when examining the inpatient room of the Royal Prima Hospital, Medan. This paper analyzes the influence of interpersonal communication of specialist doctors on patient satisfaction at Royal Prima Medan Hospital. This type of research is quantitative with a study-descriptive research design. The population in this study were all inpatients at the Royal Prima Medan Hospital. The research sample was 80 hospitalized patients. The analysis of research data was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The results of the study with the Fisher Exact test explained that there was a relationship between interpersonal communication of specialist doctors and patient satisfaction with a value of p = 0.002. In this study, it can be concluded that there is an influence between the doctor's interpersonal communication on patient satisfaction in the inpatient room of Royal Prima Medan Hospital. It is recommended for the hospital to improve the quality of health services, especially in terms of interpersonal communication between doctors and patients in the inpatient room. Keywords: interpersonal communication, patient satisfaction, hospital, doctor.

Pharmacy staff is a health service that needs to improve the quality of its service to answering customer expectations and demands. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Rating Scale are powerful instruments as evaluation tools in management because they can assess the performance of the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. This study aims to analyze the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method and the Rating Scale at Bhayangkara Hospital Medan in 2020. This type of research is quantitative research. The research design uses a correlation study with a retrospective approach equipped with a sheet. Observations are in the form of a table list. The sample in this research is all officers involved in the distribution of drugs in the inpatient room of the Bhayangkara Hospital Medan who receive drug distribution from the pharmacy. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique, namely taking a sample of the entire population in the study. Based on the sampling technique, the total sample was 57 people. The results of the cross table between the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the Rating Scale method in the Bhayangkara Hospital Installation in Medan in 2020, which shows the p-value for each variable, namely the quality p-value = 0.000, the quantity value p = 0.006, the use time value p = 0.000, the cooperation value p = 0.000. This study concludes that there is an influence between the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the AHP method and the Rating Scale at the Bhayangkara Hospital Installation in Medan in 2020. It is recommended that pharmaceutical officers further improve health services, especially paying attention to drug distribution for each installation in the hospital. Keywords: Performance, AHP, Rating Scale, Pharmacy Officers.

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 is a type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. Currently, the right and effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19 has not been found. Artocarpin in the breadfruit plant (Artocarpus altilis), which was tested, has been shown to have antiviral activity. However, artocarpin has a hydroxyl group that can undergo oxidation within a certain time, thereby reducing the stability of the compound and non-specific antiviral activity. Methods: In this study, the structural modification of artocarpin was carried out to obtain compounds with anticoronavirus activity with good physicochemical properties. This research was conducted in silico, including molecular docking simulation, bioavailability prediction, and preADMET. Results: The top 20 modified compounds were selected from each target's top 3 compounds, which had better bond energies compared to the positive control. These 3 compounds have the potential to inhibit ACE2 and Mpro receptors and 1 compound are better at i nhibiting both. Conclusion: From the results of the research conducted, we conclude that the 3 best compounds can be potential candidates that can be dev eloped as COVID-19 therapy. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.

Background Tanzania is one of the Sub-Saharan African country with nearly 12 out of 60 million people being adolescent. The prevalence of child marriage is higher with one out of every three girls being married before reaching their 18th birthday, 5 % being married by the age of 15, and 31% by the age of 18 years. Literature shows early pregnancy is associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stunting among children under 5 years. This paper explores variation and factors associated with low birth weight and stunting among children born by adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. Methods Data from 13,266 women with children under 5 years collected as part of the 2015/2016 TDHS was re-analyzed using STATA version 14 software while accounting for survey design. A total of 6385 women (of which 7.2% were adolescent) and 8852 women (of which 6.7% were adolescent) were involved in the analysis of child birth weight and stunting respectively. Descriptive statistics stratified by maternal age was conducted with LBW and stunting as outcome variables followed by logistic regressions models controlling for confounding variables. Results The proportion of obese or overweight adolescent and non-adolescent mothers was 11.8 and 36.5% respectively. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance, areas of residence and social economic status were very similar in the two maternal age groups. Non- adolescent mothers had reduced odds of giving birth to LBW babies compared to adolescent mothers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22–0.50). Maternal undernutrition (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.43–3.67), being divorced, separated or widowed (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.24–2.50) and having at least four ANC visits (AOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49–0.83) were significantly associated with reduced odds of having a LBW. Child stunting was not associated with maternal age. Maternal high socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) and maternal obesity or overweight (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64–0.92) were negatively associated with stunting. Child birth weight, sex, and age were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion Maternal age was a predictor of LBW but not stunting. ANC attendance and not living with a spouse increase the risk of LBW babies. Stunting was associated with low maternal body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, child birth weight, gender, and age. A multi-sectoral approach is needed to address child nutrition problems with teenagers ‘specific intervention that offer emotional support, and health education during pregnancies for improving immediate and later life child birth outcomes.

Background and aim With the recognition of health as a subjective state, self-reported oral health has been applied in many epidemiological studies. However, the validity of self-reports may vary across different age groups and socio-cultural backgrounds and by using different tools. This study aimed to assess the validity of self-reported oral health of 15-year-old Indonesian adolescents. Materials and methods This study used data from the Indonesian National Oral Health Survey, a part of the Indonesian Basic Health Survey 2018. The study included 572 15-year-old Indonesian adolescents. We compared the presence of clinically assessed dental caries, tooth loss, and fillings following the World Health Organization Basic Health Survey method and questionnaire-based self-reported oral conditions using McNemar test. The sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and likelihood ratios (LRs) of self-reports were calculated using clinical assessment as the reference standard. The overall accuracy of self-reports in identifying the clinical condition was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Self-reports significantly underestimated the clinical presence of caries (39.3% and 67.1%) and overestimated the clinical presence of tooth loss (9.3% and 4.2%) and filling (4.7% and 2.4%, p Conclusions Self-reporting oral health in Indonesian adolescents had low accuracy. Further studies of other methods of self-reporting are needed before they can be used to assess adolescents’ oral health in epidemiological surveys.

The gingival medicinal signaling cells conditioned medium (GMSCs-CM) is a biocompatible material which possessed beneficial cytokine, anti-microbial peptide, growth factor that can be collected after culture. GMSCs- CM may inhibit bone resorption in order to improve the patient’s quality of life. In this study, the potential effect of GMSCs-CM on the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced calvaria bone resorption in wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) has been analyzed. Twenty-eight male and healthy wistar rats (R. novergicus) at the age of 1-2 months old with 250-300 grams body weight were divided into 4 groups, namely PBS group: 100μg PBS day 1-7; LPS group: 100μg LPS day 1-7; LPS and GMSCs group: 100μg LPS + 100μg GMSCS-CM day 1 1-7, GMSCs group: 100μg M-GMSCs day 1-7. Escherichia Coli LPS was used to induce the bone resorption on the calvaria with subcutaneous injection. GMSCs-CM was collected after passage 4-5 then injected subcutaneously on the calvaria. All samples were examined on the. 8th day through cervical dislocation. The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in calvaria was then observed under 400x magnification. One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were conducted to analyze differences between groups (p

Wound dressings act as wound protectors as well as drug delivery for wound healing. This article develops a PVA/alginate-based wound dressing material added with pepper extract to obtain its antibacterial properties. The sample preparation process consisted of several stages: the preparation of pepper extract by maceration method with ethanol solvent, preparation of PVA/Alginate hydrogel and addition of pepper extract, and testing. Antibacterial test using the paper disc method with the pathogen Staphyloccocus aureus showed that the extract had powerful antibacterial properties with an inhibition zone of about 22 m. Based on the FTIR analysis, it is known that the FTIR transmittance pattern of the PVA/alginate composite added with pepper is related to its constituent functional groups. The highest degree of swelling of the hydrogels prepared in this study was 188%.

Indonesia is one of the highest confirmed countries in ASEAN and South Kalimantan is still in the 13th order category in Covid-19 cases. One of the measures to prevent its spread is to increase the immune system by consuming health supplements or herbal medicines. Knowledge influences in shaping one's behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and behavior in the use of supplements and herbal medicines in preventing the spread of Covid-19 in South Banjarbaru. This research is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional design, data collection by proportional random sampling technique with an instrument in the form of google form with a sample of 398 respondents. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate using chi square. The conclusion shows that the level of public knowledge about supplements and herbal medicines in the South Banjarbaru sub-district is mostly knowledgeable enough by 43.5% with the majority of the behavior of using supplements and herbal medicines being inappropriate at 68.3%. The results of the chi square statistical test showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and behavior in the use of supplements and herbal medicines with a value of 0.000 (sig.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus belongs to the group of viruses that infect the respiratory system. Furthermore, the rapid rate of spread has made several countries implement a policy of implementing a lockdown to prevent the spread of this virus. In Indonesia, the government implemented the policy of "Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM)" to suppress the spread of this virus. Based on data from the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling COVID-19 of the Republic of Indonesia, the number of confirmed positive cases as of August 6, 2021 is 3,568,331 people with a death toll of 102,375. The existence of the COVID-19 vaccine is currently under threat, this is due to the emergence of new variants of the COVID-19 virus. The RT-PCR method as the main standard used throughout the world in detecting this virus has a fairly high specificity, which is around 95 percent, which is a manual process that can only be done by health workers. In addition, this test takes a long time and the number of testing facilities is limited. The presence of X-ray scanning machines in hospitals can be used to increase the availability of COVID-19 testing facilities. The thoracic x-ray image generated by the scanner can be used to detect the virus easily, quickly and precisely. In this study, a website-based system was designed to detect the COVID-19 virus in thoracic x-ray images using a convolutional neural network algorithm. The results obtained show that this system is able to classify chest x-ray images into three classes, namely COVID-19, Viral Pneumonia, and normal. The accuracy value obtained is 89.6% and the F1 value is 87.9%., COVID-19 adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Virus ini merupakan kelompok virus yang menginfeksi sistem pernapasan, Penyebarannya yang cepat membuat beberapa negara menerapkan kebijakan pemberlakuan lockdown untuk mencegah penyebaran virus Corona. Di Indonesia sendiri, pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) untuk menekan penyebaran virus ini. Berdasarkan data dari Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan COVID-19 Republik Indonesia, jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi positif hingga 06 Agustus 2021 adalah sebanyak 3.568.331 orang dengan jumlah kematian 102.375 orang Melihat kondisi seperti ini, tentunya diperlukan perhatian lebih dalam penanganan COVID-19 ini. Keberadaan vaksin COVID-19 saat ini menjadi terancam, hal ini dikarenakan munculnya varian-varian baru dari virus COVID-19. Metode RT-PCR sebagai standar utama yang digunakan diseluruh dunia dalam mendeteksi virus ini memiliki spesifitas cukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 95 persen merupakan sebuah proses manual yang hanya dapat dilakukan oleh para tenaga kesehatan. Selain itu pengujian ini membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama serta jumlah fasilitas pengujian yang terbatas. Keberadaan mesin pemindai sinar-X di rumah sakit dapat digunakan untuk menambah ketersediaan fasilitas pengujian COVID-19. Citra x-ray toraks yang dihasilkan mesin pemindai tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi virus tersebut dengan mudah, cepat dan tepat. Pada penelitian ini, dirancang sebuah sistem berbasis website untuk mendeteksi virus COVID-19 pada citra x-ray toraks menggunakan algoritma convolutional neural network. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan sistem ini mampu mengklasifikasikan citra x-rays toraks menjadi tiga kelas yaitu COVID-19, Pneumonia Viral, dan normal. Nilai akurasi yang diperoleh mencapai 89.6% dan dengan nilai F1 sebesar 87.9%. &nbsp

Patients with sleep apnea (sleep apnea) are increasing, almost more than 80% of people with this disorder are undiagnosed. Symptoms of sleep apnea are stopping breathing for more than 10 seconds. The purpose of this study was to design an apnea monitor device in order to detect symptoms of sleep apnea. The contribution in this study is a monitoring system or remote monitoring so that other people can monitor the patient's condition even though they are not accompanying him. In order to facilitate the process of monitoring and diagnosing patients, a Apnea Monitor Based on Bluetooth with Signal Display in Android with a delivery system via a bluetooth network that displays respiratory signals on Android so that patients can be treated quickly when breathing stops (apnea) . The design of this device uses a piezoelectric sensor to detect breathing which is placed on the patient's abdomen. The sensor output in the form of voltage is then conditioned on the PSA circuit. Using the ESP32 microcontroller as a signal processing which is formed by the PSA circuit and processed into a signal and respiration value. The respiration signal and value are then sent to the android device using the Bluetooth network. When a respiratory arrest is detected for more than 10 seconds, the device will turn on the indicator and buzzeer on the device and also send a warning to the Android or Roboremo application in the form of a notification "Apnea!" and a beep sound as a reminder when there is apnea in the patient so that the user can immediately take action on the patient. The test in this study there are 5 respondents who have been tested on this module by comparing the respiration rate per minute with the Patient Monitor, and the test results in this study obtained the measurement and calculation results, the lowest error value was 1.58% and the highest error value was 2.9%, the module can also transmit data well and without data loss with a distance of 10 meters in the room and 5 meters in different rooms. This module can be implemented in the patient monitoring process so that it can reduce sufferers of sleep apnea disorders. the module can also transmit data well and without data loss with a distance of 10 meters in the room and 5 meters in different rooms. This module can be implemented in the patient monitoring process so that it can reduce sufferers of sleep apnea disorders. the module can also transmit data well and without data loss with a distance of 10 meters in the room and 5 meters in different rooms. This module can be implemented in the patient monitoring process so that it can reduce sufferers of sleep apnea disorders.

Background:Tooth extraction is surgical treatment with clinical manifestation is alveolar bone resorption of 11-63% which potentially fails dental implant treatment. Socket preservation is bone regeneration treatment to minimize bone morphological changes in post-extraction using bone graft. Anti-inflammatory biomaterial is needed to modulate inflammatory cascade in the lesion. Anthocyanin ternatin is a flavonoid derived from butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agent. Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate coralline (HA/β-TCP coralline) is a combination of bioceramic material from calcium carbonate heating of Porites spp. coral which has potential to induce osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. Combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and HA/β-TCP coralline applied to the defect area in dried powder form to induce hard tissue regeneration. Purpose:To describe the potential of combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and HA/β-TCP coralline as a socket preservation biomaterial in dental implant. Review:Combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and dried powder HA/β-TCP coraline is applied in dental socket. Anthocyanin ternatin suppresses ROS and iNOS then inhibit NF-kB signaling pathway. Downregulation of the pathway decreases TNF-α and IL-1β/6 expression so the expression of RANKL is inhibited. Lowering of ROS followed by upregulated Ca2+ level from HA/β-TCP coralline causes the increase in DKK1 and PTEN expression so Akt and Wnt expression is induced. Upregulation of the proteins induces the BMP2/TGF-β/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway activation manifest in the increase of Runx2, OCN, and Osx then the preosteoblast differentiation to osteoblast is increased. Conclusion:Combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and HA/β-TCP coralline is potential as socket preservation biomaterial in dental implant.

The COVID-19 pandemic shocked the world when a mysterious pneumonia case was discovered from Wuhan City, China on December 31, 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the new virus Severa Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) and the name of the disease. as Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Indonesia is ranked 19th with the most Covid-19 cases in the world (Worldometers, 2020). Health workers, including nurses, are at the forefront of dealing with the Covid-19 outbreak. Health care providers, especially nurses, are not only experiencing an increase in workload but also psychological changes that have an impact on the mental health of nurses around the world in the form of burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear of stigma and community discrimination (International Council of Nurses, 2020).

Air pollution kills about seven million people worldwide every year. In Indonesia itself, especially the city of Jakarta, Jakarta's air quality has been ranked as the tenth worst in the world. The purpose of the research is to design an air pollution monitoring system that can help the community to know the level of pollution in their area. The system development method uses a system development life cycle, namely the waterfall. The evaluation method uses blackbox testing for the system and eight golden rules for the user interface. The result achieved is a system that can monitor IoT-based air pollution with the cloud. This system uses several technologies such as Google cloud platform which consists of IoT Core, Pub Sub, Firestore Database, and Google Cloud Function. The MQ 135 temperature sensor and ESP 32 module are also used to be able to read air pollution conditions and send it to the cloud. The conclusion of this study is that the system created can be easily accessed by users to be able to determine IoT-based air quality.

Background: Professional nurse job, long term rhythm of life that is irregular, and pressure of many aspects of live cause multiple role conflicts, sleep problem, affect the efficiency and quality of nurses performance. 12 hours shift rotation are very common in the world, but there is worries that develop about the effect of quality and safety of nurses and patient. Aim : To find out the direct and indirect effect of work family conflict, shift work, nutrition status, sleep quality on nurse performance through work stress as an intervening variable on female nurses at Hospital of Dr Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. Methods : The type of this research used observational analytic with cross-sectional design to see the effect of work family conflict, shift work, nutrition status, and quality of sleep on nurse performance through work stress as an intervening variable on female nurses in the Hospital of Dr MTadjuddin Chalid Makassar. This research was conducted in February – June 2021 at Dr. Hospital. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. The sample of this research was female nurses who were married as many as 73 respondents, Data collection used questionnare, scale, microtoice, and secondary data. Data analysis used univariate analysis with SPSS program version 24 and multivariate analysis to find out the effect of two or more variables and to see the direct and indirect effect with handle the anther variable with used Path Analysis that was conducted with used SmartPLS program. Results : There is no direct effect of work family conflict on performance with a score p (0,462)>0,05 There is an indirect effect of work family conflict on performance through work stress with a score p (0,001) < 0,05. There is direct effect of work stress on performance with p-value (0,003) < 0,05. There is no direct and indirect effect of shift work on performance although it through work stress as intervening variable on nurse with p-value > 0,05. There is no direct and indirect effect of nutrition status on performance athought it through work stress as an intervening variable on nurse with p-value > 0,05. There is direct effect of sleep quality on performance with p-value (0,007) < 0,05. However, there is no indirect offect of sleep quality on performance through work stress as intervening variable on female nurses in the Hospital of Dr Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar with p-value (0,983) > 0,05. Conclusion:There is no direct effect of work family conflict on performance, but there is an indirect effect of work family conflict on performance through work stress as variable intervening. There is no direct and indirect effect of nutrition status on performance athought it through work stress as intervening variable and there is direct effect of quality of life on performance but there is no indirect effect of quality of sleep on performance through work stress as intervenig variable on nurses in Hoospital of Dr Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. Suggested on female nurses could manage their quality of sleep with rest first before doing the activity, so that when they work, they can work as optimal

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by insulin resistance and is associated with oxidative stress. In Indonesia, the mean prevalence of diabetes ranges from 1.4% to 1.6%; however, some areas have a much higher diabetes prevalence such as Pekajangan (2.3%) and in Manado (6%). The 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (IBHR) stated that the number of people with DM in Indonesia has reached an alarming rate. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic effect of Polyscias scutellaria on alloxan-induced male Wistar. This was an experimental study conducted in July 2020 in the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University. This study used 25 rats that were grouped into 5 treatment groups: control group (Na-CMC), standard (Metformin), and 3 extract groups with different doses (125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW). Mangkokan leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method. All ratswere induced intraperitoneally using alloxan monohydrate 10% at a dose of 175 mg/kg BW. The parameters used in this study were fasting blood glucose level before induction, after induction, and after treatment and body weight before treatment. It was observed that there was a significant change in blood glucose level between the extract groups. The blood sugar level in the 125 mg/kg BW group was 495.00 mg/dl while in the 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, the blood glucose levels were 317.00 mg/dl and 126.00 mg/dl, respectively, with the 500 mg/Kg BW dose as the most effective dose (P-value = 0.001). Thus, mangkokan leaves have the potential to reduce blood glucose level but are not as good as the standard group.

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit ketiga terbesar di Kecamatan Aek Kuasan. Tingginya kejadian hipertensi ini bisa disebabkan banyak faktor seperti halnya sosio-demografi dan pola konsumsi beresiko. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui determinan kejadian hipertensi berdasarkan faktor sosio-demografi dan pola konsumsi beresiko. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analik dengan desain studi Cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada Juli-Agustus 2021 di Desa Aek Loba Afdeling 1. Didapatkan Total responden sebanyak 184 orang dengan rentang umur 18-80 tahun, yang diambil dengan cara random sampling. Hasil menunjukan bahwa besar kejadian hipertensi pada responden penelitian adalah sebesar 37%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara berusia ?60 tahun (P

Background: Panoramic and cephalometric radiography is very important for diagnosis, treatment plan, and evaluation of orthodontic treatment results. Panoramic and cephalometric radiography are frequently performed at the same time, causing DNA damage and chromosome aberration. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the effect of X-ray exposure in panoramic and cephalometric radiography on micronuclei cell numbers. Methods: Laboratory-based analytical study with 60 healthy-male Wistar rats weighing 200–300 grams divided into 6 treatment groups (n=10). The control group: without radiographic exposure, the treatment group 2: using panoramic radiographic exposure followed by cephalometric, and the treatment group 3: using panoramic radiographic exposure and 24 hours later performed cephalometric radiographic. The unit of analysis was the polychromatic erythrocytes of mice cell, were examined 24 hours and 48 hours after irradiation had been finished. The polychromatic erythrocytes were examined using May-Gruenwald-Giemsa staining and 100x magnification under a microscope with 2000 cells per view. Data obtained were analysed using the SPSS 20 version software. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for each clinical parameter, and a one‐way ANOVA statistical test of significance was used. Statistical significance was set at p

Background and Aim: Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and blood biochemistry to assess liver and kidney function in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of GB by gavage. Animals in Group 4 were administered 187.2 mg/kg BW of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate as a positive control (POS Group). Mice in fifth group were administered sterile water as negative (NEG) controls. Further, 30 uninfected mice were divided into groups 6-8 and administered GB as were mice in the first three groups. Group 9 included 10 uninfected and untreated animals as healthy controls. Treatments were administered in a 4-day suppressive test followed by daily observation of Giemsa-stained blood smears. On day 7, mice were sacrificed to measure the length and weight of spleens and livers, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Results: GB suppressed parasitemia but did not affect the size and weight of spleens or livers or plasma levels of AST and ALT compared to uninfected GB-treated and healthy control animals. Conversely, plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were suppressed and remained in the normal range in all groups of mice. Conclusion: GB suppresses parasitemia with no significant impact on hepatic enzymes in GB-treated infected mice. Liver dysfunction in GB-treated infected mice was due to P. berghei rather than GB treatment.

Hyperglycemia, a primary symptom in diabetes mellitus, is associated with difficulties in wound healing and regeneration. This condition is due to the length of the inflammatory phase and free radi...

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic and recurring skin disorder with clinical manifestations as erythematous macules or plaques with a scale associated with pruritus. The most common predilection is the face area. Treatments for seborrheic dermatitis should address the normalization process of skin function and structure, not only relieving the symptoms and clinical symptoms of the disease. Thus, leading to long-term remission. Objective: The narrative review was conducted by reviewing the articles that discussed about the treatment effectiveness on facial seborrheic dermatitis. Methods: Articles search was carried out through databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar with determined keywords and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In total, six articles were reviewed with 184 cases of facial dermatitis seborrheic. All studies showed significant improvement. This review included additional literatures to support the results of the main literatures. Conclusion: The treatments commonly used for seborrheic dermatitis these days are pharmacological treatments in the form of topical and systemic drugs as well as non-pharmacological treatments. Topical drugs were able to repair the clinical manifestation on mild to moderate seborrheic dermatitis whereas systemic drugs were indicated for cases with wide lesions and more severe condition. Non-pharmacological treatment can be used as an adjuvant to accelerate the clinical condition.

During the current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, regular handwashing and other hand hygiene practices as the primary infection prevention program are highly encouraged. Notwithstanding the noticeable benefits in combating viral infection, hand hygiene practice potentially promotes dysbiosis of the skin microbiome. This review aimed to summarize the possible impacts of hand hygiene practices using soap products and alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) on the homeostasis of human skin microbiota. We discuss recent findings to provide evidence of the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices in viral infection control, the role of the skin microbiome in human health and the effects of hand hygiene practice on the homeostasis of the skin microbiome. Finally, this review also suggests improving research and practice of hand hygiene in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.

Background: The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to improve efficient function, tissue balance, and obtain harmonious facial aesthetic results so the successfulness of orthodontic treatment should be comprehensive because maloclusion can occur in dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue tissues. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the successfulness of orthodontic treatment using fixed orthodontic appliances in Orthodontic Clinic Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga by means of ABO system. Methods: Descriptive analytic by comparing the data before and after treatment, then the sample was divided into 3 based on the skeletal malocclusion group. Dental efficacy was measured using the ABO system and the Bolton anterior ratio. Skeletal success by looking at ANB, FHI, and proportion of anterior facial height (UAFH: LAFH). Meanwhile, the success of the soft tissue was by seeing the changes in the aesthetic lines of the upper and lower lips. The statistics used in this study were Kruskal-Whallis for the ABO DI and OGS difference test, Spearman to determine the relationship between ABO DI and OGS measurement components and McNemar and Wilcoxon to determine the difference before and after treatment on all measurements. Results: Treatment of class I skeletal malocclusion had the best mean ABO OGS score. Class II and III treatments had significant treatment advancements. In other measurements, there are significant differences after treatment at FHI in class I, (UAFH: LAFH) in class II and lower lip esthetic line in class II. Conclusion: Generally, the successfulness of orthodontic treatment in Orthodontic Clinic Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga was adequate. In addition, the assessment of the successful orthodontic treatment needs to be adjusted to the standard values that can be accepted by a certain population, especially the Javanese population.

Purpose: Our previous study indicated that sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a strong inhibitor of p53, effectively suppressed the lethality from the hematopoietic (HP) and gastrointestinal (GI) syndromes after 12 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) in mice. This conclusion, however, was inconsistent with the fact that p53 plays a radioprotective role in the intestinal epithelium. The death after TBI of around 12 Gy was attributed to a combined effect of HP and GI syndromes. To verify the effect from prophylactic administration of p53 inhibitor on protection of HP and GI syndromes, in this study, the radioprotective effects from vanadate were investigated in TBI and lower half-body irradiation (partial-body irradiation: PBI) mouse models. Methods: Female ICR mice were given a single injection of vanadate or vehicle, followed by a lethal dose of TBI or PBI. Radioprotective effects of vanadate against the irradiations were evaluated by analyzing survival rate, body weight, hematopoietic parameters, and histological changes in the bone marrow and intestinal epithelium. Results: TBI-induced HP syndrome was effectively suppressed by vanadate treatment. After TBI, the vanadate-treated mice retained better bone marrow cellularity and showed markedly higher survival rate compared to the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, vanadate did not relieve loss of intestinal crypts and failed to rescue mice from GI death after PBI. Conclusion: Vanadate is a p53 inhibitor that has been shown to be beneficial as a radiation protective agent against HP but was not effective in protecting against acute GI radiation injury.

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by chronic liver inflammation and hepatocellular damage caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), leading to fatal liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver damage causes elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Previous studies have shown that IL-10 gene polymorphism (-819 C/T) is linked to several diseases, including inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between IL-10 gene polymorphisms (-819 C/T) and liver damages in chronic hepatitis B patients at Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital, Riau Province. Method: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. Liver damages were examined by measuring ALT levels, and IL-10 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using Amplification-Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). Results: There were 74 subjects included in this study, aged 45.47±13.42 years old, consisting of 43 males (58.1%) and 31 females (41.9%). Of 74 subjects, 35 CHB patients were presented without complication, 26 CHB patients were complicated with cirrhosis, and 13 CHB patients were complicated with hepatoma. The genotype of the IL-10 (-819) gene polymorphism in this study was found as follows: CT genotype in 34 subjects (45.9%), TT genotype in 30 subjects (40.5%), and CC genotype in 10 subjects (13.5%). There was no significant relationship between IL-10 gene polymorphisms (- 819) and liver damage in chronic hepatitis B patients (p> 0.05). Conclusion: IL-10 gene polymorphism (-819) may not contribute to liver damages among CHB patients.

Bungli (Oroxylum indicum) has been used for generations in Asia as traditional medicine. The seeds of the bungli are commonly used as traditional medicine to treat typhoid, cough, hypertension, internal fever, fever and diarrhea. The active compounds in this plant are known to have anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Our research on methanol extract of bungli fruit seeds showed its potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria that causes diarrhea. Bungli seed extract samples with a concentration of 25% showed an inhibition zone with a diameter of 9.22 mm, while at a concentration of 50% the diameter was 11.16 mm and 75% had a diameter of 12.88 mm. This size is indeed smaller than chloramphenicol (26 mm), but this potential can be greater if the extraction is carried out more intensively to extract the active compound, the sample concentration is increased, and the part or age of the plant with the highest content of the active compound is used; so that the Bungli plant is expected to be an alternative in overcoming Escherichia coli infection.

Objectives Estrogen deficiency causes various health problems in postmenopausal women, including osteoporosis. Phytoestrogen emerged as a potential alternative of estrogen with minimum side effects. The aims of this study were to analyze the metabolite profiling results of various extract of Chyrsophyllum cainito L. leaves, which contain phytoestrogen, through in silico study against 3OLS protein, an X-ray protein of ERβ, so it can predict the types of the phytoestrogen contents which have antiosteoporosis property. Methods In silico analysis was carried out for the compounds from the metabolite profiling data of C. cainito leaves from our previous study. The structure compounds from metabolite profiling results of various extract of C. cainito leaves were prepared with Avogadro 1.0.1 software, molecular docking was done using PyRx 0.8 software, and Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016 software was used to visualize the structure of compounds against 3OLS protein. The physicochemical characteristics of the compounds were analyzed using the SwissADME web tool. Results From in silico studies, it was known that there were total 11 compounds in C. cainito leaves that predicted as phytoestrogens which have ERβ agonist properties against 3OLS protein. The ERβ agonist was a compound that has parameters similar to 17β-estradiol in its interaction with 3OLS protein, which has a pharmacophore distance of 10.862 Å, and binding to amino acids His 475 and Glu 305 or Arg 346 at receptor-ligand docking simulation. Conclusions C. cainito leaves contain 11 compounds that are predicted to be phytoestrogens with ERβ agonist properties, which is responsible for antiosteoporosis activity.

Understanding the interactions between cellular proteins and compounds from agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii) could lead to effective approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify the interaction between lauric acid, a compound derived from agarwood (G. versteegii) and its target proteins using String database analysis. String analysis showed that lauric acid affects cellular proliferation through interactions with the Androgen Receptor (AR) and binds to Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR1C3). Lauric acid also interacted with mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and other proteins such as matrix metalloprotein (MMP2), chemokine (CXCL8), B-cell lymphoma protein (BCL2). Retinoid Acid Receptor (RARG) and Androgen Receptor (AR) sub network are bridging system of regulation in breast cancer molecular process. These results show that lauric acid may interact with many proteins by AR sub network to increase apoptosis and reduce cancer cell proliferation. These results show that lauric acid may interact with many proteins to increase apoptosis and reduce cancer cell proliferation.

Background Maternal micronutrient status is critical for child growth and nutrition. It is unclear whether maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) during pregnancy and lactation improves child growth and prevents child morbidity. Methods This study aimed to determine the effects of prenatal and postnatal maternal MMS on child growth and morbidity. In this double-blind, randomized–controlled trial, 8428 HIV-negative pregnant women were enrolled from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between 2001 and 2004. From pregnancy (12–27 weeks of gestation) through to 6 weeks postpartum, participants were randomized to receive daily oral MMS or placebo. All women received daily iron and folic acid during pregnancy. From 6 weeks postpartum through to 18 months postpartum, 3100 women were re-randomized to MMS or placebo. Child-growth measures, haemoglobin concentrations and infectious morbidities were assessed longitudinally from birth to ≤18 months. Results Prenatal MMS led to modest increases in weight-for-age z-scores (mean difference: 0.050; 95% confidence interval: 0.002, 0.099; p = 0.04) and length-for-age z-score (mean difference: 0.062; 95% confidence interval: 0.013, 0.111; p = 0.01) during the first 6 months of life but not thereafter. Prenatal or postnatal MMS did not have benefits for other child outcomes. Conclusions Whereas maternal MMS is a proven strategy to prevent adverse birth outcomes, other approaches may also need to be considered to curb the high burdens of child morbidity and growth faltering.