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Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Endometriosis is characterized by unwanted growth of endometrial tissue in different locations of the female reproductive tract. It may lead to recurrent pregnancy loss, which is one of the worst curses for the reproductive age group of human populations around the world. Thus, there is an urgent need for unveiling any common source of origin of both these diseases and con-nections, if any. Herein, we aimed to identify common potential biomarker genes of these two diseases via in silico approach using meta‐analysis of microarray data. Datasets were selected for the study based on certain exclusion criteria. Those datasets were subjected to comparative meta‐anal-yses for the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), that are common to both diag-noses. The DEGs were then subjected to protein‐protein networking and subsequent functional enrichment analyses for unveiling their role/function in connecting two diseases. From the analyses, 120 DEGs are reported to be significant out of which four genes have been found to be prominent. These include the CTNNB1, HNRNPAB, SNRPF and TWIST2 genes. The significantly enriched pathways based on the above‐mentioned genes are mainly centered on signaling and developmental events. These findings could significantly elucidate the underlying molecular events in endometri-osis‐based recurrent miscarriages.

Among Asian populations, including that of the Indian subcontinent, herbal remedies have been practiced since ancient times for the management of many complex diseases, including andrological problems. The efficacy of herbal medicines has largely been attributed to the synergistic interactions of the individual components because they are used mostly as whole extracts. In recent times, investigative studies have been taken up to validate the clinical efficacy and safety of individual herbal extracts, discrete chemical ingredients as well as their active principles apart from elucidating their mechanism of action in the management of such disorders. In this chapter, we discuss various pharmacological effects of three such herbs Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa, and Camellia sinensis that may be useful in the management of a wide array of andrological disorders such as male infertility, hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. We have also attempted to provide their potential molecular mechanisms of action, to have a better understanding of how these herbal medicines exert their effects. Supplementation of G. biloba, C. longa, and C. sinensis has the potential to reduce oxidative stress levels and may uplift the health of reproductively compromised men posing as low-cost alternatives. By combining these herbs with lifestyle modification and standard medical treatment, the clinician may be able to maximize the chances of restoring normal reproductive functioning in such men. We have summarized the outcomes of already published reports on G. biloba, C. longa, and C. sinensis; however, not carried out any dose-response relationship or toxicological study. As such, more clinical intervention trials are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of these herbs in humans. Carefully designed dose-response human studies may be able to incorporate G. biloba, C. longa, and C. sinensis as potential alternatives in the clinical management of andrological problems.

Various serological factors like CRP, anti-CCP, rheumatic factor (RF) are produced during the onset of the disease and are....

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the joints causing swelling, stiffness and pain which finally leads to substantial loss of functioning and mobility in its advanced stages. In the present study we have monitored important serological parameters of fifty RA patients and also have discussed the justification of using rat as a model for human RA researches by comparing their respective serological parameters. We have also evaluated the anti-arthritic roles of raw Aloe vera gel and its effects in rat model where arthritis was induced by using Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Three essential conclusive statements were derived from the study. Firstly, the six clinical parameters that we have selected for the study namely, RA factor, CRP, ASO, ESR, ceruloplasmin and serum creatinine were all essential for the differential diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis during its early and later stages, RA factor being the most sensitive of all parameters (92% sensitivity). Secondly, this study has supported the use of the rat as a model for designing therapeutic strategies against RA. Lastly, as evident from our study, Aloe vera extracts can be beneficial for the reduction of inflammatory edema and also for the reduction of ceruloplasmin in RA condition in rat model. However, further investigations are necessary for more refined therapeutic usage of Aloe vera for the treatment of RA in human.