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Objectives: Art is being increasingly appreciated for its healing capacity in pediatric medicine. However, while mediums like music and painting have already been widely integrated into children's health institutions across the nation, photography is an artform that is greatly understudied in its application to medicine. As a non-profit organization with a 17-year history of providing free in-hospital/in-hospice photography sessions to the families of children with life-impacting illnesses, we set out to evaluate the therapeutic capacity of this intervention. Methods: Individuals having received Moment by Moment Photography's services from June 2022 to January 2023 were invited to complete a five-question survey assessing the nature and quality of their photography session and the resulting photographs they received. Results: All but one of the 177 participants found the photographs impactful, and the overwhelming majority (95.5%) of participants rated the value of the photographs as high as possible (5/5 on a Likert scale). Further, a dozen themes, including love, share, connect, and fight, among others, were identified that articulate the diversity of ways that "impact" manifested in families. Conclusion: Together, these results clearly support the benefit of photography as a legacy making and therapeutic medium., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This article addresses how photography was part of the argumentative and expository strategies of medical professionals and its role in the production of experimental knowledge between 1890 and 1915. To investigate these issues, representative medical journals of the period were surveyed, always considering the advances in image reproduction techniques. The analysis carried out allows us to observe how the photographs were part of the explanations presented to the scientific community to persuade the efficacy of experimental treatments and novel surgical procedures, in the context of the professionalization of medicine and the need to legitimize a "culture of the laboratory."

Heath advocacy (HA) remains a difficult competency to train and assess, in part because practicing physicians and learners carry uncertainty about what HA means and we are missing patients' perspectives about the role HA plays in their care. Visual methods are useful tools for exploring nebulous topics in health professions education; using these participatory approaches with physicians and patients might counteract the identified training challenges around HA and more importantly, remedy the exclusion of patient perspectives. In this paper we share the verbal and visual reflections of patients and physicians regarding their conceptualizations of, and engagement in 'everyday' advocacy. In doing so, we reveal some of HA's hidden dimensions and what their images uncovered about the role of advocacy in patient care. Constructivist grounded theory guided data collection and analysis. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and photo-elicitation, a visual research method that uses participant generated photographs to elicit participants knowledge and experiences around a particular topic. We invited patients living with chronic health conditions (n = 10) and physicians from diverse medical and surgical specialties (n = 14) to self-select photographs representing their experiences navigating HA in their personal and professional lives. Both groups found taking photographs useful for revealing the nuanced and circumstantial factors that either enabled or challenged their engagement in HA. While patients' photos highlighted their embodiment of HA, physicians' photos depicted HA as something quite elusive or as a complicated and daunting task. Photo-elicitation was a powerful tool in eliciting a diversity of perspectives that exist around the HA role and the work advocates perform; training programs might consider using visuals to augment teaching for this challenging competency.

Purpose: An analysis of data from the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) has found eyes reported to have partial optic disc rim notching (not to the edge) at baseline to have less risk of subsequent visual field loss than eyes with no notching. Because this is counterintuitive and because classification of notching had not been defined in the AGIS protocol, we have assessed AGIS ophthalmologists interobserver and intraobserver agreement on notching., Methods: Fourteen glaucoma subspecialists classified notching in 26 pairs of stereoscopic disc photographs of eyes with mild to severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy. They classified images as showing either no notching, notching not to the edge, or notching to the edge. Several hours later, 10 of them classified the same images a second time., Results: In an analysis of interobserver agreement, of 26 stereoscopic images, a plurality of ophthalmologists classified notching as absent in 9 (35%), as present but not to the edge in 7 (27%), and as present and not to the edge in 10 (38%). All 14 ophthalmologists (100%) agreed on the classification of 7 (27%) of the images, and 13 of the 14 ophthalmologists (93%) agreed on the classification of 4 additional images (15%). Of these 11 images with at least 93% agreement, notching was reported as absent in 3 (27%) and to the edge in 8 (73%). In the remaining 15 images, there was substantial disagreement about whether notching was present and, if so, whether it was to the edge. In an analysis of intraobserver agreement, none of the 10 ophthalmologists who completed the viewing a second time classified all eyes exactly the same as the first time, though 5 ophthalmologists made 4 or fewer reclassifications. Overall, 80% of the original classifications were reproduced on second reading. Of the initial classifications that were not reproduced, slightly more than half were first classified as having notching not to the edge., Conclusion: Without definitions or examples of optic disc rim notching, the glaucoma subspecialists had relatively high intraobserver agreement but were likely to disagree with each other in characterizing the degree of disc rim notching. We recommend development of a standard photographic classification of disc rim notching. The classification should be tested for inter- and intra-observer agreement.

The use of educational games as a tool for providing learners with a playful and educational aspect is widespread. In this paper, we present an educational game that we developed to teach a chemistry lesson, namely drawing a Lewis diagram. Our game is a 3D environment known as LewiSpace and aims at balancing between playful and educational contents in order to increase engagement and motivation while learning. The game contains mainly five different missions aim at constructing Lewis diagram molecules which are organized in an ascending order of difficulty. We also conducted an experiment to gather data about learners' cognitive and emotional states as well as their behaviours through our game by using three types of sensors (electroencephalography, eye tracking, and facial expression recognition with an optical camera) and a self report personality questionnaire (the Big Five). Primary results show that a machine learning model namely logistic regression, can predict with some success whether the learner will success or fail in each mission of our game, and paves the way for an adaptive version of the game. This latter will challenge or assist learners based on some features extracted from our data. Feature extraction integrated into a machine learning model aims mainly at providing learners' with a real-time adaptation according to their performance and skills while progressing in our game.

The overlap between the visual and textual in practice research provides an opportunity to explore ways of presenting knowledge through "performance writin". The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a performance writing practice can be incorporated into and shape research writing. This text uses descriptions of Jean-Martin Charcot's photographic documentation, medical--historical documents and the deconstruction thereof to create a piece that demonstrates performance writing as a means to bridging practice research and research writing.

Concept mapping is a technique used to provide a visual representation of an individual's ideas about a concept or set of related concepts. This paper describes a concept mapping tool using a photograph association technique (CoMPAT) that is considered to be a novel way of eliciting children's ideas. What children at 11 years of age know about particular concepts related to microbial activity is presented and discussed in relation to the effectiveness of CoMPAT as a tool to draw out their ideas. It is proposed that this tool could be used to explore ideas about this and other science concepts from children in other age groups, and where language may be a barrier to participation. (Contains 4 tables and 6 figures.)

Clinicians routinely report fewer features in a case than they subsequently agree are present. The authors report studies that assess the effect of considering a more comprehensive description than physicians usually offer. These comprehensive descriptions were generated from photographs of dermatology and internal medicine and were complete and accurate. Groups of clinicians of varying expertise were asked to offer a diagnosis based solely on the comprehensive verbal description. This initial exercise decreased the subsequent diagnostic acumen of experienced participants with the photographs relative to a group that initially diagnosed from the photographs. Reasons that the initial consideration of a list of features, all of which are present in the photograph, would decrease diagnostic accuracy are discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate lateral cephalometric and facial photographic measurements for orthodontic diagnosis in patients with mandibular deficiency. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Orthodontics, Dental College HITEC-IMS Taxila, Pakistan from Feb 2022 to July 2022. Total 60 patients were selected with the age range of 15-30 years. All selected patients underwent lateral cephalometric radiography in natural head position. These radiographs were manually traced to measure SNB (sella, nasion, B point) and MCL (Mandibular Corpus Length). Facial photographs were taken for Ḿ-Mé (Distance between soft tissue menton and point M’) and TŃ B́ (Angular measurement showing anteroposterior position of mandible) measurements. Using SPSS 20.0, Pearson Correlation ‘r’ assessed the correlation between lateral cephalogram and facial photographs, with a significant P value of ≤ 0.05 considered. RESULTS: In this study involving 60 patients (26 males, 34 females) with an average age of 21±5.37 years, a statistically significant correlation was observed between facial photographic and lateral cephalometric measurements for orthodontic diagnosis in patients with mandibular deficiency. The Pearson correlation coefficient of SNB and TŃ B́ was 0.788, indicating a high positive correlation. Additionally, the Pearson correlation coefficient of MCL and Ḿ-Mé was 0.571, demonstrating a substantial positive correlation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a significant correlation between facial photographic and lateral cephalometric measurements in diagnosing mandibular deficiency, suggesting facial photographs' reliability as an alternative to lateral cephalograms in evaluating craniofacial morphology in patients with mandibular deficiency.

Examination of photographs in 100 years of communication from the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) illuminates the evolving role of women in professional medical regulation, a little-studied aspect of the history of women in medicine. Over the past century, the FSMB has communicated with professional stakeholders and the public through a variety of publications. Our review of photographic evidence from these sources reveals that women played important supportive roles as staff members and spouses from the beginning of the century. In the mid-to late 1980s, women moved into key governance and executive roles on a relatively consistent basis. Changing social norms, sponsorship from male leaders and early women leaders, and increasing visibility of women from other medical organizations were likely enablers of this change. Future work should explore the implications of women's involvement in the medical regulatory boards--a question with heightened relevance today, given increasing attention to the boards' oversight of medical practice, including reproductive healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The image has been used by medical professionals for centuries to illustrate both usual and unusual processes of the body and mind. Images can expose or conceal medical truths, and in many cases are the only connection that exists between the historian and the frequently silent or silenced patient. In this paper, a group of historians each present and explore various methods of applying 'ways of seeing' or the 'clinical gaze' to a historical image from the medical world. Some images have been used to strategically serve the purposes of authority figures and silence the ill subject. Others reveal previously obscured patient's voices. All present a perspective on the possibilities for analysing and assessing medical imagery from the past that moves beyond traditional understandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]