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The most important nitrogen containing heterocycles of pyridine containing substituted phenyl azetidine-2-ones have found pharmacological application such as antibiotics and these compounds also have practical importance. The structure of the new derivatives was confirmed by the spectral data and elemental analyses. Out of five new derivatives, three were revealed mild to moderate activity compared with Streptomycin & Fluconazole as a reference standard. Among this new series, 3-chloro-1-(4-fluoro phenyl)/(4-chloro phe-nyl)-4-(pyridine-3-yl) azetidine-2-one (4a & b) were found most activity.

A new class of pyrimido pyrimidine derivatives that exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity was synthesized. The protection of amino group in the compound 1 with acetic anhydride, followed by the reaction with POCl3, gave 3. The reaction of 3 with different substituted phenyl methanediamine in dry TEA under inert atmosphere led to the formation of 4. Deprotection of 4 followed by refluxion with different acid chlorides yielded title compounds 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k, 6l, 6m in good yields. The identities of these compounds were confirmed following elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectral studies. All the title compounds exhibited pronounced in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.

A novel, selective and sensitive reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the validated estimation of imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid in zoledronic acid formulations. The separation was achieved on a 5 μ C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase that consists of the buffer (4.5 g of di-potassium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous and 2.0 g of tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate (TBAHS) in 1000 mL of water) and methanol in the ratio of 900:100 v/v. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL min −1 . The detection of the constituents was done at 215 nm using a UV detector. The retention times of imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid and zoledronic acid were 7.2 and 10.2 min respectively. Recovery studies were satisfactory and the correlation coefficient, 0.999 indicates linearity of the method within the limits. The developed method can be applicable for regular qualitative analysis.

A chromatographic method was established for the determination of lenalidomide and related substances in 10 mg and 5 mg capsules using Sunfire C-18(250×4.6 mm ID, 5 μm) HPCL column with 85:15 v/v ratio of mobile phases A (mixture of phosphoric acid buffer and 1-octane sulphonic acid sodium salt) and B(55: 45 v/v ratio of methanol and acetonitrile) at 40°C and 210 nm wave length. The degradation studies were performed using 0.1N HCl, 0.1 N NaOH, 1% v/v hydrogen peroxide, humidity, UV at 254 nm, Sun light, and heat to 60°C. No significant degradation of lenalidomide was observed. However, the slight degradation was observed in presence of NaOH. The developed HPLC method gave the peaks purity angle was less their threshold angle, indicating it to be suitable for stability studies. It was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness.

A simple, sensitive, and selective second-order-derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of palladium(II) and ruthenium(III) using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) as a chromophoric reagent. The reagent (HMBATSC) reacts with Pd(II) and Ru(III) at pH 3.0, forming soluble yellowish green and dark brown species, respectively. Palladium and ruthenium present in the mixture were simultaneously determined without solving the simultaneous equations by measuring the second derivative amplitudes at 445 nm and 385 nm, respectively. Further, the Beer's law was obeyed in the range 0.21–12.78 µg mL−1 and 0.25–13.42 µg mL−1 for Pd(II) and Ru(III), respectively. A large number of foreign ions did not interfere in the present method. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of palladium in hydrogenation catalysts and ruthenium in water samples.

A simple, sensitive, and selective second order derivative spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of microgram quantities of gallium(III) especially in presence of large excess of indium(III). Ga(III) reacts with 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy benzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (HMBAINH) chromogene forming an intense greenish yellow coloured soluble complex in acidic buffers and in presence of 0.2% of triton X‐100. The complex showed maximum absorption at 405 nm and at pH 5.0, where the reagent has negligible absorbance. A second order derivative spectrum of the complex solution showed maximum derivative amplitude at 415 nm and again at 460 nm with a zero cross at 442 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.036–1.533 µg/ml and 0.070–1.533 µg/ml of Ga(III) at 415 nm and 460 nm, respectively. However, at 404 nm In(III)‐HMBAINH complex showed zero amplitude in the second order derivative spectrum where Ga(III)‐HMBAINH obeyed Beer's law in the range of 0.070–1.394 µg/ml. Thi...

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of cobalt(II) using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) as a analytical reagent. The metal ion in aqueous medium forms a brown coloured complex with HMBATSC at pH 6.0. The complex has two absorption maxima at 375 nm and 390 nm. At 375 nm, the reagent shows considerable absorbance, while at 390 nm the reagent does not shows appreciable absorbance. Hence, analytical studies were carried out at 390 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.059-2.357 μg ml -1 of Co(II). The molar absorptivity and Sandall's sensitivity of the method are 2.74×10 4 mol -1 cm -1 and 0.0024 μg cm -2 respectively. The interference of various diverse ions has been studied. The complex has 1:2 [Co(II)-HMBATSC] stoichiometry. A method for the determination of cobalt(II) by second order derivative spectrophotometry has also been proposed. The proposed methods were applied for the determination of cobalt(II) in alloy steels, vitamin B 12 and in some biological samples.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of zinc in aqueous solutions. The metal ion forms a greenish-yellow colored complex with 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (2,4-DHBINH) in the pH range of 4–10. The complex shows maximum absorbance at 390 nm and in the pH range of 6–8. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.10–1.50 µg/mL of Zn(II). The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are 3.55 × 104 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0016 µg/cm2, respectively. The composition of the complex is 1 : 1. The effect of interfering ions has been studied, and the method was applied to the determination of zinc(II) in potable water and pharmaceutical samples. A fast derivative spectrophotometry method is also proposed for the determination of zinc in the range 0.06–1.60 µg/mL, which is more sensitive than the zero order method.

Two simple accurate, rapid and sensitive methods have been developed for the estimation of Atazanavir in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. The Method-A is based on reaction of Atazanavir with Mordant Black III to form an ion-association colored complex at pH-2.4. The method B is based on the reaction of Atazanavir with Solochrome black-T to form an ion-association colored complex in the presence of Potassium Phthalate buffer system. These Methods exhibits maximum absorption at 537nm and 491nm respectively and obeys the Beer's law in the concentration range of 10–90μg/mL, 1–12 μg/mL respectively. The Methods have been statistically evaluated and were found to be precise and accurate. The proposed Methods are economical and sensitive for the estimation of Atazanavir in the bulk drug and in its formulations.

The members of the new class of pyrimido pyrimidine derivatives (I) display pronounced in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.