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People using mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs) have been exposed to the musculoskeletal disorder because of physical risk factors. As being lightweight; the latest generations of MTSDs are preferred for personal and work purposes as they are comfortable to operate and easy to carry. Furthermore, they have many advantageous facilities compared to conventional devices. This study aims to survey previous researches on the effects of MTSDs use on the musculoskeletal disorder. In this scope; published researches on musculoskeletal disorders, postural problems, and kinematic activities at upper extremities among people who use mobile phones or tablets for daily use are investigated. The articles reviewed were cited based on the research made from Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Elsevier Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The method selected in this study was to review published studies from January 2010 to December 2019 on occurrence of discomfort symptoms in different positions of the body parts and muscular activities in upper extremities among people who use MTSDs.

The number of people who use computers for business and personal purposes increases as technology grows. The application of ergonomic practices on computer workstations reduces the musculoskeletal discomfort experienced and increases the overall satisfaction of the users. Keyboards are available in various systems, from computers to mobile devices, and have difference shapes and sizes. The keyboard size and shape is known to influence the user’s upper extremities. Alternative keyboard designs help diminish the pain in the arms that occurs due to awkward arm postures. Most previous studies tried to optimize the keyboard layout based on ergonomic typing and the frequency of letters’ co-occurrence. This research considers the frequency of the appearance of the most used 3,000 words in the English language. First, the frequency of each letter pair is calculated by the Text Analyzer. Then, a genetic algorithm is applied to design an ergonomically optimized keyboard to minimize the total distance of finger travel among the selected alphanumeric characters. The results showed that the distance travelled obtained by the proposed keyboard layout is less than that for the QWERTY keyboard in all different types of texts, in which an average of 6.04% improvement was achieved. Therefore, the proposed design can be used for keyboards to reduce time and fatigue.

Background. Heavy truck drivers are exposed to various psychological, psychosocial and physiological factors, some of which can cause musculoskeletal discomfort in different body regions. Purpose. ...

The risk of development of musculoskeletal discomfort problems among children and adolescents is high as the development of their musculoskeletal system is still continuing. Therefore, it is very important to learn the habits and attitudes of children and adolescents, the location and duration of the use of these technologies, and the relationship between musculoskeletal discomforts. This study aims to investigate the relationship between duration of daily exposure of children and adolescents to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices and the musculoskeletal discomfort experienced. A two-part questionnaire, which are adopted by Dutch Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (DMQ) and the Student Specific Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (SS-CMDQ), was used to gather data from children and adolescents in public and private secondary and high schools in Northern Cyprus. The survey findings showed that the participants experienced discomfort mostly in the neck, upper back, lower back, and shoulders. The correlation analysis indicated that there is a relationship between prolonged use of ICT devices for many hours and musculoskeletal discomfort. Also, it was found that there is a significant relationship between daily use of desktop, laptop, or tablet computers for different purposes (activities) and musculoskeletal discomfort. The musculoskeletal discomfort was observed to occur mostly due to the use of ICT devices for communication, surfing the Internet, reading, and writing. The results of the analysis showed that shoulder, upper back, upper arm, forearm, and hand muscles are affected by the use of ICT devices.

Numerous office employees who work with computer workstations endure various musculoskeletal discomforts every day. This study intends to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort caused by desktop compute...

Amaç: Diş hekimliğimesleği, uzun süreli statik kas yüklemesi, yüksek oranda tekrarlanan ve monotonçalışma, dokuların kuvvetle zorlanması veya mekanik olarak sıkıştırılması vetitreşimli araçların kullanılmasını içerir. Bu nedenle diş hekimlerinin, maruzkaldıkları mesleki kas-iskelet rahatsızlıkları (MKİSR) yüzünden maliyetlisağlık sorunları yaşayarak erken emekli olmaları söz konusudur. Bu çalışmanınamacı dişhekimlerinin yaşamakta olduğu kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarınınrisk faktörlerini tanımlamak ve bölgesel olarak tespit edip, etki dereceleriniincelemektir. Gereçler: Buçalışma kapsamında bir anket hazırlanmış olup, çeşitli üniversitelerin,hastahanelerin ve diş kliniklerinde görev yapan 67 dişhekimi tarafındandoldurulmuştur. Diş hekimlerinin altı vücut bölgesine en yaygın tedaviyöntemleri esnasında EMG ölçümleri yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı veMKİSR’nın oluşmasına sebep olan faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla DiskriminantAnaliz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. EMG deneyinden elde edilen sonuçları ise ANOVAkullanılarak belirlenen MKİSR faktörleri teyit edilmiştir.Bulgular: Diş hekimlerinintedavi esnasında en sık rastlanan pozisyon statik ve uzun süreli oturma / durmapozisyonda oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Son 12 ayda yaşanan kas iskelet sistemirahatsızlıklarının en çok görülmekte olduğu bölgeler boyun, el/bilek, üst sırt,ve omuzlar olarak saptanmıştır. Son 7 günde ise en çok dirsek, ayaklar, kalça,ve bilek/el bölgelerinde rahatsızlık yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Dişhekimlerinin uygulamakta olduğu endodonti, dolgu, diş çekimi, muayene, veçıkarılabilir protez tedavilerinin, vücut bölgeleriyle etkileşerek kas-iskeletsistemi rahatsızlıklarına yol açtığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak, vücut bölgesi dişçekimi, endodonti ve diş muayenesi esneasında oluşabilecek tek anlamlı riskfaktörü olarak bulunmuştur., Objectives: Dentistryprofession involves in prolonged static muscle loads, highly repetitive andmonotonous work, high force exertion or mechanical compression of tissues, andusing vibrated tools. Therefore dentists are exposed to work-relatedmusculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), which results in costly health problems andearly retirements. This research aims to determine the risk factors ofmusculoskeletal discomforts among dentists, and to identify the impact of thedental tasks on the body regions during particular treatments.Materialsand Methods: Aquestionnaire is created and fulfilled by 67 dentists from universities,hospitals, and dental offices. Electromyography studies were applied on sixbody regions of randomly selected three dentists during most common dentaltreatments. Discriminant Analysis was applied to determine whether a set ofvariables is effective in predicting category membership, and to identifystatistically significant factor(s) which contribute(s) formation of theWRMSDs. ANOVA was utilized to analyze the results which were obtained from sEMGexperiment and to determine the risk factors of work related musculoskeletaldisorders. Results: The most common positionof the dentists while performing their profession was static and prolongedsitting / standing position. Musculoskeletal discomforts were experiencedduring the past 12 months in neck, hand / wrist, upper back, and shoulderregions; and during the past 7 days in elbows, feet, hip, and wrist / handregions.Conclusions: There is no significantfactor on dental filling therapy, tooth cleaning, fixed prosthodontics, andremovable prosthodontics treatments. However, body region is the onlysignificant factor on tooth extraction, endodontic and dental examinationtreatments.

Occupational injuries pose a major problem in workplaces where computers are widely used. Intensive, repetitive and long period computer use results in costly health problems (direct cost), and lost productivity (indirect cost). Yet, the effect of musculoskeletal discomfort and their frequencies associated with the use of computers have not received considerable attention. This paper presents the findings of a risk assessment model through a scientific research to determine the effect of discomfort factors that contribute to musculoskeletal disorders resulting from intensive use of computers in the workplaces. In this context a questionnaire was given to 130 intensive computer users working in the university sector. A list of significant predictor variables for musculoskeletal disorders was developed to assess and analyze workplace ergonomics, worker attitudes and experiences on computer keyboard and mouse. The main focus of the current research is to seek and provide evidence that symptoms of musculoskeletal discomfort and the frequency of these symptoms are significant in the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). This study provides the evidence that, ache and pain are the most common types of discomforts in all body regions. The discomforts were more pronounced at neck, shoulder, upper back, hand/wrist, and lower back regions. The risk factors determined by the risk assessment model were validated through ANOVA of the sEMG records for the control and test groups. The findings indicated that for each test group respondent, the mean musculoskeletal strain experienced differs in time, but the same is not true for the control group. Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1997) in the USA defines Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) as a disorder that affects a part of the body’s musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, blood vessels and spinal discs. These are the injuries that result from repeated motions, vibrations and forces placed on human bodies while performing various job actions. The individual factors that can contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms include heredity, physical condition, previous injury, pregnancy, poor diet, and lifestyle. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders occur when there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the human body (Korhan, 2010). Musculoskeletal disorders are work-related when the work activities and work conditions significantly contribute to their occurrence, but not necessarily the sole or significant determinant of causation. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) describe a wide range of inflammatory and degenerative conditions affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint, peripheral nerves, and supporting blood vessels. These conditions result in pain and functional impairment and may affect especially the shoulder (Westgaard, 2000). The file in this item is the publisher version (published version) of the article.