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Background: Nutritional anemia is a disorder that cause due to a lack of one or more vital nutrients, such as iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals. In this condition hemoglobin content in the blood is lower than usual. Nutritional anemia has been described as correlated with reduced childhood emotional, physical, and cognitive function and is a major risk factor for maternal mortality. Objective: 1. To assess the prevalence of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. 2. To assess the causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. 3. To associate the demographic variable with prevalence and causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. Methodology: This is a cross sectional observational study will be conducted among the adolescent girls where age is between 10-14 years, the sample size can be calculated statistically by using the prevalence of previous studies which done in India and the sample size is 220 adolescent girls selected in a particular rural community area of Wardha district. Non-probability convenience sampling will be using for sample collection. The standard haemoglobinometer (Accusure HB meter) for analyzing the haemoglobin according to WHO criteria and structure questionnaire scale is made upon the causes behind the nutritional anemia. According to some previous studies, the prevalence rate has been shown high in the adolescent age group so this study help to find the prevalence rate in a particular community and the causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. Expected Results: In this study the researcher evaluate the prevalence and its causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls, this study will show the rate of prevalence in the particular community area and also the causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results.

The provision of nutrition education for teenage girls is an alternative to increase protein and iron intake to prevent anemia. This study aims to determine nutrition education's effect using pocketbook media on protein and iron intake in teenage girls. The research design used was quasi-experimental with a control group pre and post-test design. Sampling was done by the purposive sampling method—statistical analysis using Paired Samples T-test, Wilcoxon, Independent Samples T-test, and Mann Whitney. This study indicates an influence of nutrition education using pocketbook media on protein intake (p = 0.000) and iron (p = 0.000) in the treatment group. There is no effect of nutrition education using PowerPoint on protein intake (p = 0.326) and substances iron (p = 0.52) in the control group. Statistically, there was a significant difference between protein intake (p = 0.000) and iron (p = 0.001) of the treatment and control groups. It is recommended that UKS and students work together to conduct nutrition education routinely so that the nutrition information delivered can be given to all students in the school to prevent nutritional anemia.

Background Micronutrient deficiency is a known cause of adverse neurodevelopment and growth. Poor adherence to oral regimes of micronutrient supplements is a known challenge during the implementation of supplementation programs. The present study evaluates the benefits of liposomal encapsulated micronutrient fortified body oils (LMF oil) that can be used for infant body massage in terms of neurodevelopment and prevention of deficiency. Study design Double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods A total of 444 healthy infants aged 4-7 weeks were randomized to receive either LMF oil (containing iron, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12) or placebo oil for gentle body massage till 12 months of age. Blood samples were collected at 6 and 12 months for transferrin saturation (TSAT), hemoglobin, and 25-hydroxy vitamin (25-OH-D) levels. Mental and motor development was assessed at 12 months using developmental assessment for Indian Infants (DASII). Results A total of 391 infants completed the study. There was no significant improvement in the hemoglobin in the intervention group at 12 months of age as compared to the placebo group [− 0.50 vs.-0.54 g%]. There was a marginally significant improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months in the LMF oil group [+ 1.46vs.-0.18 ng/ml, p = 0.049]. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age [adjusted mean change + 0.11vs.-0.51 g%, p = 0.043]. The mental or motor developmental quotients in the intervention group were not significantly different from those in the placebo group. Conclusion Use of LMF oil for prevention of nutritional deficiency did not offer significant protection against nutritional anemia but prevented vitamin D deficiency to some extent with improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age. The intervention did not result in significant improvement in mental or motor development. Further evaluation with increased doses needs to be undertaken. Trial registration CTRI no: CTRI/2017/11/010710; dated 30/11/2017.

In India Anemia is more prevalent and case rate is very high compared to world average. More than half of India’s children and women are anemic according to national family health survey 2019-20. There is a dire need to look into causes and prevention of anemia. With regular care and proper diet, we can reduce anemic cases easily. In this paper we are going to discuss causes of anemia, signs and symptoms, homeopathic management, treatment and simple prevention measures.

Objectives: Nutritional anemia is highly prevalent in lactating mothers. It is postulated that anemic pregnant women secrete less iron in their breast milk. This study was aimed to compare the iron levels in breast milk samples of anemic and non-anemic lactating pregnant women and to correlate breast milk iron levels with the hemoglobin (Hb) status of anemic and non-anemic mothers. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 120 pregnant women aged 20–30 years having a normal antenatal history. They were classified into non-anemic and anemic groups based on their Hb status; Group 1: Hb ≥11 g/dl and Group 2: Hb 7–10.9 g/dl, respectively. Results: Maternal blood Hb was significantly different between the groups (11.8 ± 0.6 vs. 10.2 ± 0.5 g/dL, P > 0.05). Breast milk iron levels did not vary significantly between the groups (938.8 ± 465.6 vs. 1084.8 ± 440.8 μg/dl). No correlation was observed between maternal Hb levels of anemic lactating mothers and breast milk iron status (r = 0.054, P = 0.424). Conclusion: Our research study validates the finding that maternal anemia did not affect breast milk iron concentration during the early post-natal period by showing the optimum iron levels in it. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants.

Background: Anemia is a highly prevalent condition developed in children belonging to all socioeconomic status and is mainly caused due to iron deficiency in nutrition. Aim: To identify the Prevalence of nutritional anemia in children of high socioeconomic status. Methods: Children between 6 months and 14 years of age belonging to high socioeconomic status, admitted in pediatric ward of Kauvery Hospital, a tertiary center at Trichy were included in the study. Children with hemolytic anemia, chronic illnesses, and those who received blood transfusion were excluded from the study. The World Health Organization classification was used for grading the severity of anemia as mild, moderate, and severe based on hemoglobin levels for the age. Modified Kuppuswamy scale 2016 was used to assess the socioeconomic status of the children. Children belonging to upper and upper middle socioeconomic status were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia among the study population was 44.5%. Out of 400 subjects, 178 participants were anemic. Of the 178 anemic children, 78.1% were in the age group of 6 months–5 years, 20.2% in 5–11 years, and 1.7% in 12–14 years. Among children between 6 and 23 months, 75 were anemic. Almost all patients showed microcytic hypochromic anemia. There were a significantly higher number of overweight and obese children among those anemic in all age groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that every other child is anemic even in families of high socioeconomic status, especially

Anaemia is a serious concern for the young children as it affects the cognitive performance, development (cognitive and behavioral), coordination, language development and scholastic achievement. Various interventions have been undertaken during last 50 years such as green revolution, PDS, ICDS, etc. Nutritional deficiencies remain with the same burden and nutritional anemia being one of the major concerns in India. Hence it becomes quite evident hat alternative strategies should be tried to improve the nutritional anemia and reduce the morbidity associated with it, such as use of locally available, traditional food to increase the bioavailability of iron and to improve the nutritional behavior through nutritional education. The present study was proposed with an aim to assess the role of Moringa Olifera powder in improving haemoglobin level among the anaemic children. A case control study was conducted at a village, Chikaballapur district of Karnataka. 312 school children were screened for Haemoglobin level; Out of 312 students 124 school children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 66 children were recruited to control group and interventional group respectively. The children in the interventional group were administered with 3gms per day (1/2 a tea spoon) of Moringa Olifera powder along with their food for 3 months and regular supplements provided at school. Control group was advised to continue with the regular meal and regular supplements provided at the school. Haemoglobin levels were estimated before and 3 months after the intervention. Out of 58 children in the interventional group 33 (56.9%) were females and 25 (43.1%) were males and out of 66 children in the control group 34 (51.55) were females and 32(48.5%) were males. The mean Haemoglobin level of the children in the interventional group before the intervention was 10.332 which increased to 10.967 after the intervention. Similarly the mean Haemoglobin level of children in the control group before the intervention was 9.950 which remained 9.873 after the intervention. The increase in the mean haemoglobin level in the interventional group was significant with the p value of 0.045. After the intervention the children with moderate anaemia decreased from 38(65.5%) to 23(39.7%) and 13 (22.4%) children turned normal in the experimental group and in the control group the children with moderate anaemia increased from 52(78.8%) to 55(81.8%). There a statistically significant marginal improvement in haemoglobin level in the interventional group after three months.

Anemia that occurs in some pregnant women is caused by an increase in the need for nutrients and changes in the blood during pregnancy. Anemia will have a bad effect on the health of the mother and the fetus, that is, this condition will increase the morbidity and mortality of mother and child. Maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Ambon city, in 2013 there were 4 maternal deaths or 28.6 per 100,000 live births. In 2014 there were 2 mothers or 59.9 per 100,000 live births and in 2015 there was an increase of 5 or 36.3 per 100,000 live births. The main cause of death is bleeding because anemia is not handled. Efforts to prevent and overcome iron nutritional anemia through the provision of iron supplements are prioritized for pregnant women. Therefore, to prevent nutritional anemia in pregnant women, iron supplementation with a daily dose of 1 tablet (60 mg elemental iron and 0.25 g folic acid) consecutively for at least 90 days during pregnancy.Keywords: anemia in pregnancy, prevention, and control of anemia.

Prevalence of anemia in India is almost 40% with no significant change since 1998–99, whereas globally this prevalence has been reduced to

Background: Nutritional anemia has its prevalence at a global level. Unfortunately, the developing countries are at more risk due to the unavailability of resources and poor socio-economic conditions. According to the WHO, India has >40% prevalence of anemia, which is a severe public health concern. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary pattern according to their haemoglobin levels. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence of anemia in Garhwal population, which contained total 520 individuals (344 females and 176 males). For this a food frequency questionnaire is administered to elicit information on dietary consumption pattern. The frequency of consumption was divided into three levels: ≥ 3 days/wk., 1-2 days/wk. & no or rare consumption. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the level of haemoglobin. Results: In the present study, an overall prevalence of anemia was found 34.23% (38.06% in females and 27.61% in males). Results were expressed as Chi-square test and considered significant at 5% level of significance (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The overall status of anaemic individuals in the Garhwal region is of vital concern and should be paid due attention for the improvement of nutritional requirements to reduce the prevalence of anemia in this region. The effective measures include awareness about the essential nutrients to be included in diet along with the knowledge of anemia.

Nutritional anemia generally occurs in women of reproductive age and children. This situation has the greatest overall effect in terms of health problems. Iron deficiency anemia is prone to occur in young women due to the increased need for iron during their infancy. The proportion of Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in pregnant women in Sukawati District in 2017 was 34 mothers and in 2018 increased to as many as 40 pregnant women experiencing KEK, while the proportion of KEK in adolescent girls was not yet available. Likewise with the Proportion of Anemia in young women there is no data yet. Therefore, the servants will carry out Hb examination and measurement of LILA (Upper Arm Circumference) on young women in Sukawati sub-district, Gianyar Regency. The purpose of the Community Service is to provide counseling on nutrition, especially in the prevention of Anemia and KEK as well as examining hemoglobin levels in young women in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The method used to achieve the objectives of community service is the method of lecture, discussion and examination of Hb levels and measurement of MUAC.Examination of hemoglobin levels was performed to determine the anemia status of the target. The average Hb level was 12.85 g / dl while the lowest value was 9.1 g / dl while the highest was 14.6 g / dl. Of the 50 targets examined found 14 targets (28%) anemia and 36 targets (72%) were not anemic. Determination of KEK status is done by measuring the target upper arm circumference (MUAC). Of the 50 targets measured there were 17 targets (34%) experienced KEK and 33 targets (66%) did not experience KEK. The conclusion of this community service counseling about Anemia and KEK in the prevention of anemia and KEK has succeeded in increasing good knowledge to be above 50%, Adolescent girls who have anemia by 28%, Adolescent girls who experience chronic Less Energy (KEK) by 34% in Sukawati District Gianyar RegencyKeywords: Anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Adolescent Girls

Background: Anemia is an important comorbidity in under-five children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The data on evaluation of SAM are limited. Aim: This study was done for analysis of incidence and types of anemia prevalent in SAM children. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective observational study conducted from July 2017 to December 2018. A total of 260 children of age

Objective This study aims to design and apply modules and flipchart about nutritional anemia and Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) for bride in the Bugienesse Culture “mappacci”. Method this study applied a qualitative method with a case study design. The informants were selected by purposive sampling. Steps of research: (1) Fostering Atmosphere for Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) Activist, (2) Explaining Module to community leader and flipchart to Cadres, (3) Testing media feasibility to adolescents, (4) Intervening contents of module to Master of Ceremony (MC) during Mappacci, and (5) Evaluating goals (bride). This study was analyzed by using content analysis. Results 2 modules were arranged with symbols and typical Bugienesse language for MC and community leader (Pacci giver), and 1 flipchart for PKK cadres. Teenagers understood the contents of the media and were interested in innovation of health education according to local wisdom. MC and community leader were able to explain nutritional anemia and CED information based on the module to bride. Most educated brides could identify the signs and risks of nutritional anemia and CED, as well as the importance of supplements for pregnant women. Conclusion educational innovation succeeded in giving early understanding about nutritional anemia and CED prevention to bride.

Background : Anemia is a nutritional problem in Indonesia which was characterized by a condition where the red blood cells or hemoglobin levels is lower than the normal value. Nutritional anemia is caused by deficiency nutrients that play a role in the formation of hemoglobin, due to inadequate consumption or absorption disorders. These nutrients are iron, protein, vitamin B12 which act as catalysts in hem synthesis in hemoglobin molecules, vitamin C, zinc which affect iron absorption and vitamin E which affect the stability of the red blood cell membrane. Most of these are iron nutrient anemia. Females adolescent are more susceptible to anemia compared than men. The minimum of hemoglobin levels in females adolescent to diagnose as anemia is when hemoglobin levels are less than 12 g / dl. Objective : To increase hemoglobin levels of females adolescents by providing tempeh flour-based snacks Method : In this study, an attempt had made to create tempe-based formula in the form of pizza which was high in iron and protein, the availability of tempe flour was great because the absorption disturbing agent was damaged by the fermentation process. The analysis was carried out to observe the difference in Hb levels in the treatment group (given tempe flour pizza) and control (given a regular pizza) and the relationship between BMI, nutrients-intake and consumption compliance with Hb levels. Result : The results showed there was an increase in Hb levels of 1.21 g% in the treatment group (61.54%). Nevertheless, the increase did not statistically significant. There was no relationship between BMI, nutrients intake and compliance with pizza consumption to increase Hb levels. Conclussion : Administration of tempeh fluor-based pizza for a month could increase Hb levels by 1.21 g/dl in most study participant, but it did not statistically significant.

Background: Due to lack of consumption of nutrients by cell the Nutritional anemia occurs. Iron, folic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C and protein are vital nutrients whose deficiency can lead to nutritional anemia. Aim: To study the magnitude of anaemia in young females and its association with diet pattern. Materials and Methods: Study was done as a cross-sectional study in young females of age 18 to 40. Demographic details like age, height, body weight, and the dietary patterns comprising food habits were recorded. Hematological parameters were obtained using automated haematology cell counter and peripheral blood smears by microscopy. Results: In this study 100 females were included, 62% of participants were anemic, the mean years of age in the study participants was 26.52±3.48 years. 44% of participants had mild anemia followed by 16% had moderate anemia and 2% had severe anemia. On further analysis of dietary habits, 47% of women not taking green leafy vegetables had mild to moderate anemia, 25% of women drinking tea or coffee after the meal had mild anemia and 14% of women eating junk foods and 5% of women eating less fruits had mild to moderate anemia. Conclusion: Improving women’s health education on the consumption of iron-rich foods and healthy diet habits is instrumental in preventing nutritional anemia could be the single most important intervention to reduce India’s anemia burden. Keywords: Anemia, Diet, Green leafy vegetables.

Introduction: Anemia is a major public health problem affecting both the developed(14%) as well as the developing(51%) countries. India became the first developing country to take up a National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program (NNAPP) to prevent anemia among pregnant women. Aims and objectives: 1.To find out the prevalence of anemia in ANC patients with low socioeconomic status2. To find out morphological types of anemia in this ANC patients 3.To study the various factors causing anemia in this group. Material and Methods: The type of this study is the Cross-Sectional Study, it was conducted on the ANC patients attending OPD and IPD of OBGY department at BhausahebSardesai Talegaon Rural Hospital, Maharashtra.The written consent of the pregnant women was obtained prior to the collection of the blood sample. Data was collected with the help of proforma.The blood sample was collected in the anticoagulant bulb. The diagnosis of anemia done by Hb estimation and estimation of blood indices. Morphological typing is done with the help of Peripheral blood smear stained with Leishman stain. Results: In the present study prevalence of anemia was found to be 72.58%. 15.32% of women found to be mildly anemic, 52.42% moderately anemic and 4.84% severely anemic followed by 27.42% not anemic. PBS examination of anemic women shows microcytic hypochromic anemia (74.44%), microcytic normochromic (3.33%), normocytic normochromic (20%), and normocytic hypochromic (2.22%). Conclusion: Microcytic hypochromic blood picture is predominant in the present study, it indicates there are deficient iron intake and lack of awareness about proper diet. Proper interaction, information, medication, proper diet containing all nutrients, cooking in iron utensils, fortification of food and salt with iron and birth control for proper spacing of pregnancies; such measures will go long way in improving maternal and fetal outcome.

Anemia is a condition where the level of red blood cells in a person's blood is lower than a normalperson. Anemia can occur if a person's red blood cells do not have enough amount ofhaemoglobin. [4] In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia by 57.1% is suffered by young women,27.9% is suffered by women of reproductive age (WUS) and 40.1% is suffered by pregnantwomen. The main cause of nutritional anemia in Indonesia is the low level in iron intake (Fe). Inadolescent women 26.50%, women of childbearing age (WUS) 26.9%, pregnant women 40.1%,and children under five 47.0%. [14] This study aims to determine the determinant factors ofanemia in female college students. This research design uses descriptive analytic method. Thesample in this study were all students of Study Program D III Midwifery of STIKES Brebes,amounting to 74 respondents. The data collection tool uses a portable HB check tool to determineHB levels and structured questionnaires. The results showed that as many as 31 respondents (41%)had anemia, most of which were 25 respondents (80.6%) knew well about anemia. A total of 11respondents (35.4%) with normal menstrual cycles have anemia and 14 respondents (45%) liveindependently or boarding. Efforts should be made to carry out activities related to healtheducation about the dangers of anemia and how to prevent it so that the incidence of anemia inyoung women students of the Midwifery Study Program of STIKES STIKES can be addressedproperly.

Introduction: Pre-conception women are potential mothers or vulnerable groups who need special attention. The less of nutrients Intake than necessary can lead to nutritional problems such as Chronic Energy Deficiencyand nutritional anemia that have an impact on the next phase of life such as the risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW), babies stunting, and growth disruption and development of the fetus / baby during pregnancy or after that. Objective : To analyze the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition status with anemia in the bride . Methods : A cross-sectional study with 70 subjects who were brides aged 16-30 years. Selection of subjects with consecutive sampling method. Dietary quality data was measured through the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) forms, SEZ status assessed from body mass index (BMI) and upper arm circumference (LiLA). Anemia status was measured from hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. To examine the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition , and anemia using a linear regression test. Results : The subject aged 16-30 years, and 41.4% are still

Poorly diversified and micronutrient-deficient dietary intakes during pregnancy remain one of the major causes of nutritional anemia in developing countries. However, data on diet and its relation to anemia in pregnant women in Cote d'Ivoire are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence and iron deficiency anemia associated factors in pregnant women in Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 pregnant women attending antenatal care services at public health hospitals in Abidjan. Sociodemographic, obstetrical, and dietary data were collected. Blood samples taken by venipuncture were analyzed for hemoglobin and iron biomarkers. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. 47.8% of the pregnant women tested were anemic, 25.8% and 30.4% had iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, respectively. Based on AORs, the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (6.04 v 4.18, respectively), multiparity (13.18), skipping meals (3.05), inadequate energy (5.369), protein (2.74), and vitamin C (2.43) intakes and low dietary diversity (8.35) are the independent and significant determinants of iron deficiency anemia. The high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Abidjan reveals a real public health problem. Iron deficiency anemia is due to multiparity, gestational age, inadequate intake, low dietary diversity, and skipping meals.

We report a case of 42-year-old male presented with acute onset breathlessness and blurring of vision in both eyes. Upon evaluation, the patient is found to have vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anemia; ophthalmoscopic examination revealed bilateral preretinal hemorrhages and Roth spots. This case documents the occurrence of retinopathy in nutritional dimorphic anemia causing blindness which is reversible after correction of anemia.

HbQ variants are rare alpha globin chain variants commonly found in Sindhi community. It results from a point mutation of α-1 globin gene at position 223 of the coding region of exon 64. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. HbQ-India is usually clinically silent in heterozygous state unless associated with other conditions like beta thalassemia, alpha thalassemia, HbE disease, or nutritional anemia. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identifies HbQ-India with a prominent peak present just after the Sickle window. We present five cases of HbQ-India from a retrospective analysis of 6034 cases over a period of 3 years, a rarity in a referral setting of South India. Awareness of this entity is important for appropriate recognition to prevent clinically symptomatic hemoglobinopathies. This study also highlights the retention time (RT) and characteristic chromatographic HPLC pattern seen in HbQ-India.

Background/objectives The elderly are reported to have a high prevalence of nutritional anemia when they have lower intakes of nutrients or chronic diseases. This study was conducted to compare nutritional status according to nutritional anemia and to determine associations between nutritional anemia and chronic diseases in Korean elderly. Materials/methods This study utilized data on 3,258 elderly aged ≥ 65 years gathered during the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. Subjects were divided into nutritional anemia (NA) group (n = 415) and non-NA group (n = 2,843) by hemoglobin concentration. Nutrient intakes were assessed using dietary intake data obtained using the 24-hour recall method. The odds ratios (ORs) for nutritional anemia by chronic diseases were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Ver. 23.0. Results Of 3,258 subjects, 12.7% had nutritional anemia. Intakes of potatoes, pulses, and mushrooms by males and potatoes, fruits, meats, eggs, and seafood by females were significantly lower in NA group than in non-NA group. The proportion of the subjects whose intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, and iron less than estimated average requirement (EAR) were significantly higher in NA group compared to non-NA group. After adjusting for age, the number of family members, energy intake, and alcohol drinking, ORs for nutritional anemia in the subjects with diabetes and myocardial infarction or angina pectoris were significantly higher by 1.74 times and 1.59 times as compared to the subjects without those diseases, respectively. However, ORs for nutritional anemia in the subjects with obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly lower by 0.64 times, 0.60 times, and 0.59 times as compared to the subjects without those diseases, respectively. Conclusions The results of this study suggested that nutritional management should be done to enable the Korean elderly to consume foods with high hematopoietic nutrients density to prevent nutritional anemia. Korean elderly need to make regular efforts to check for nutritional anemia.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status of school children using pooled data from three study populations in South Africa.MethodsData from 5- to 12-y-old children (N = 578) from three independent studies conducted in two provinces in South Africa were pooled. Data used in the analysis were dietary intake, hemoglobin, and plasma ferritin concentrations. Nutrient patterns were determined using factor analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine relationships of nutrient patterns with anemia and iron deficiency.ResultsIn the pooled group, 13.8% of the children were anemic and 27.7% were iron deficient (ID). More than half of children did not meet the Estimated Average Requirement for various nutrients, including vitamins A, C, B12, folate, and zinc, although only 17.7% of children had an iron intake below the requirements. Median intakes for vitamins A and C were lower for anemic than non-anemic children (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively) and for ID versus non-ID children (P = 0.03 and 0.046, respectively). Four nutrient patterns were identified: plant protein, carbohydrate, iron, and B vitamins; animal protein and saturated fat; vitamins A and B12; and calcium and fiber. The vitamin A and B12 nutrient pattern was associated with lower odds of being anemic (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.91; P = 0.035).ConclusionThe present results highlighted the potential role of the combination of dietary vitamin A and B12 in the etiology of nutritional anemia in school-age children in South Africa. Nutrient pattern analysis may improve the understanding of the synergistic role of nutrients related to anemia and may assist in planning intervention strategies.

In the stage of growth and development, adolescence is the stage where a person experiences a transition to adulthood. Nutritional needs in adolescents are higher than the age of the child. Increased nutritional requirements in adolescence were energy, protein, calcium, iron and zinc. Many problems faced by adolescents related to nutrition and health problems. As for the problems that were usually experienced in the teenage phase are Obesity and Anemia. Anemia is a condition when the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells was below normal. In women, normal hemoglobin is 12-16 gr percent and erythrocytes 3.5-4.5 million / mm3. Many things could be factors anemia, one of the causes was a lack of iron (Fe) so called iron deficiency anemia or iron nutritional anemia. This research was descriptive by using primary data obtained through the use of questionnaires where the sample used was total sampling from the entire population, namely 32 female students of SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan. In this research found the majority of respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge as many as 27 people (84.37%). For this reason, it was expected that the SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan students can expand their knowledge, especially about Iron Nutrition Anemia to find out the signs and symptoms of Iron Nutrition Anemia in order to prevent the occurrence of cases of Iron Nutrition Anemia in young women.

Consumption of folic acid intake, B12 and the pattern of menstruation are factors causing the occurrence of anemia, vitamin B12 and folic deficiency often occurs in young women. Deficiency of one or several nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin C, which is necessary for the formation of nutrients can cause nutritional anemia. The purpose of study was to know the intake of folic acid intake, Vitamin B12 and menstruation pattern with the incidence of Anemia in young women in Surabaya Junior High School. Research method was cross sectional approach. The study population of all female students who have menstruated in Surabaya Junior High School was taken by simple random sampling. The research instrument was questionnaire by 24-hour Food Recall and FFQ complement data that could not be obtained through 24-hour memory, menstrual pattern questionnaires and hemoglobin results by measuring hemoglobin (HB) by cyanmethemoglobin method. Data analysis was using logistic regression test. The result was 19.007 (p = 0.000; OR = 31.000-; 95 percent CI = 4.002- 240.150), this means there was a significant association between vitamin B12 intake and the incidence of anemia (p < 0.05), and the menstruation pattern was 10.340 (p = 0.001; OR = 4.846-; 95 percent CI = 1.897- 12.379), this means there was a significant relationship between the pattern of menstruation and the incidence of anemia (p < 0.05). Vitamin B12 intake and menstruation pattern significantly influenced the incidence of anemia (P =

Introduction Pancytopenia is a clinical entity encountered in pediatric practice as a feature of various benign and malignant disorders. It describes the simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Attempts to identify the correct etiology and gauging the severity of pancytopenia will help to determine the management and prognosis of the patients. Objectives To study etio-hematological profile, clinical correlates and outcome of pancytopenia in Indian children Methods This prospective observational study of children with pancytopenia was conducted at a tertiary care center from August 2015 to July 2016. Clinical, hematological and bone marrow studies were performed and patients were followed for one year. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results Out of 84 cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 70 (70.77±4.8) months. Bone marrows showed aplastic changes in 37% and hyperplasia in 14% of patients. In our study, most common causes were aplastic anemia, acute leukemia and nutritional anemia. During the first year of follow-up, 67% pancytopenics survived and 12% succumbed (rest discontinued treatment) with ~26% of aplastic anemia (7/27 cases) and 9% of acute leukemia (2/22 cases) not surviving. Anthropometric status of patients and severity in aplastic anemia were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with outcome. Conclusion The data gathered support a complex picture for pancytopenia in our study population since both benign nutritional deficiencies and malignant hematological neoplasms were common. Bone marrow studies seem to be of salient use in delineating etiology. As the outcome is multifactorial, factors like anthropometry, hematological parameters have a bearing on prognosis.

The prevalence of nutritional anemia is one of elementary shool-aged children’s nutritional problems andbrings an impact on students’ learning achievements. This study aimed to analyze the role of sharing peergroup intervention on nutritional anemia prevention to elementary school-aged children. The research designused was quasi-experiment with control group design. Population and samples of students from IV and Vclasses were 54 and the students were chosen through purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed withpaired test. Results showed that there were increment scores in cognitive aspect after sharing peer groupmethod was applied as research intervention (M=24.07; SD=11.851). The value was greater than cognitivescores increment after counseling method applied as research intervention (M=14.81; SD=8.931) with pvalue=0.002 less than significance value (p

Iron malnutrition anemia is a micronutrient problem that often occurs throughout the world. The prevalence of nutritional anemia in the teenagers age group nationally is 18.4%. The government has a program in an effort to prevent anemia in adolescents, which is to provide one grain of iron supplements every week throughout the year for female teenagers at school. The administration was carried out for 16 weeks with details of once a week and for 10 days of menstruation, so that the total given was 52 tablets. Examine the characteristics of the sample (age, family socioeconomic, pocket money, menstrual history, nutritional status and physical activity), knowledge about anemia, attitudes, compliance, family support and teacher support in interventions with Fe supplementation and IEC about anemia against hemoglobin levels for female teenagers in State Senior High School in the District of Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta, Indonesia. This research is a Quasi Experimental with a sample of 126 female teenagers. The difference in the mean hemoglobin level of the intervention group before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in the average hemoglobin level between the three groups at pretest. The result of the multi regression analysis shows that the dominant variable is knowledge.

Background: Adolescence is the period of rapid growth with physical & physiological development andprofound biological, emotional, social, and cognitive changes in human beings. Nutritional anemia is thecommon & worldwide public health problem among adolescent girls and overall prevalence of nutritionalanemia varies from 40-90%. It may produce adverse effects like increased risk of morbidity and mortalityand affects adolescent’s future health.Objective: This study aimed to assess the awareness on nutritional anemia and its prevention amongadolescent girls.Method: A non experimental descriptive design was adopted to assess awareness on nutritional anemia andits prevention among adolescent girls at Keezhakasakudi, Karaikal. A total of 60 adolescent girls between10-15 years of age were selected by convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using selfstructured interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysis the gathereddata.Results: The study results reported that the majority 63% (38) of adolescent girls had inadequate awareness,27% (16) had moderately adequate awareness and only 10% (6) had adequate awareness on nutritionalanemia and its prevention. The overall mean was 9.6 with standard deviation±2.49. The results of thepresent study also revealed that there was statistically significant association between level of awareness onnutritional anemia with age of the adolescent girls.Conclusion: Nutritional anemia as the major non communicable disease and contributing negative impacton health, it necessitates the need to organize counseling programs to adolescent girls in schools and collegeswith much emphasis on impact of nutritional anemia on future health.

Introduction: -Growth of all living organism depends on nutrition .In human being growth period is said tobe from conception to adolescence and after that nutrition is required for maintenance of body. Lot of workhas been done regarding role of nutrition during pregnancy, infancy and childhood but hardly any attentionis paid to the group called adolescence i.e. period between childhood and adulthood. The most prevalentnutritional condition is anaemia worldwide. Prevalence in India of anemia among young girls were 56 % andthis amount to an average 64 million girls at any point in time.Aim: To determine the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of nutritionalanemia among adolescence.Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental pre-test, post-test research design was used to conduct thisstudy. The setting was selected in the Kasturba Vidya Mandir Sewagram,Wardha (Maharashtra) after getting ethical permission. Purposive sampling was the sampling method used tocollect data from 9th standard students on the basis of structured knowledge questionnaire. After collectingpre-test data, planned teaching was given for intervention regarding prevention of nutritional anemia toadolescencents. Seven days were provided to the samples for utilizing planned teaching which was organizedfor 45-50 minutes. Post-test information was gathered after seven days from the day of intervention. Thedata were described by frequency, percentage and t-test was used to describe the difference between pre-testand post-test knowledge score. Chi-square test was also used to find out the association between knowledgeof 9th standard students regarding prevention of nutritional anaemia and selected demographic variables.Results: There was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores interpreted thatplanned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of nutritional anaemia among adolescencents wereeffective. Mean value of pretest was 10.10 and posttest was 19.08and standard deviation values of pretestwas ±2.27and posttest was ±2.21. The calculated t-value was 19.66and p-value was 0.000.Conclusion: - The study was effective because the post-test knowledge score improved than the pre-testknowledge score. So the planned teaching has proved to improve 9th standard students knowledge regardingprevention of nutritional anaemia.

Deep learning algorithms are an important part of disease prediction and diagnosis by analyzing health data. If not diagnosed and treated early, symptoms of nutritional anemia can be seen as a common laboratory finding of dyspnea, dizziness, lack of concentration, pale skin color, and life-threatening diseases. In the literature, several data mining techniques have been used for the prediction of nutritional anemia, especially, for the iron deficiency anemia. However, each algorithm does not perform well for every data, and therefore new techniques need to be developed. It is because the characteristics of each dataset are different and their dataset sizes, that is, the number of records and the number of parameters are different. In this study, we propose two hybrid models using genetic algorithm (GA) and deep learning algorithms of Stacked Autoencoder (SAE) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the prediction of HGB-anemia, nutritional anemia, (iron deficiency anemia, B12 deficiency anemia, and folate deficiency anemia), and patients without anemia. In the proposed GA-SAE and GA-CNN models, the hyperparameters of SAE and CNN algorithms are optimized using GA since it is not easy to determine suitable values of deep learning algorithms. Accuracy, F-score, precision, and sensitivity criteria were used to evaluate the prediction and classification performances of the proposed algorithms. As a result of the experimental evaluations using the dataset, the performance of the proposed GA-CNN algorithm whose layers trained separately and sequentially was found to be better than the performance of the studies proposed in the literature, by a 98.50% accuracy.

Objectives Diabetes is prevalent in the Indian population, to the extent that the diabetes burden matches that of nutritional anemia. We aimed to determine the effects of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations in individuals without diabetes. Material and methods The study comprises 100 patients with iron deficiency anemia, 100 with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and 100 healthy volunteers as a control group. Each of the first two groups was subdivided into two groups depending on the severity of anemia based on Hb levels. We treated with iron replenishment in the iron deficiency group and B12 replenishment in the B12 deficiency group for three months. We noted HbA1c levels before and after the therapy. Data were entered into the SPSS package. For comparing pre and post-therapy levels, we used the Paired 't' test. Results The mean HbA1c before treatment were 6.1% ± 0.23% and 5.5% ± 0.24%, and the values after treatment were 5.1% ± 0.14% and 4.6% ± 0.2% in severe iron deficiency anemia subgroup and mild to moderate subgroup, respectively. The mean HbA1c in the iron-deficiency anemia control group was 5.2% ± 0.2%. The mean HbA1c levels before treatment were 5.9% ± 0.3% and 5.6% ± 0.19%, and after treatment were 5.0% ± 0.15% and 4.9% ± 0.16% in severe and mild to moderate B12 deficiency anemia, respectively. The mean HbA1c in the vitamin B12 deficiency anemia control group was 5.1% ± 0.2%. Conclusion HbA1c in both types of anemia subjects showed a significant decrease with appropriate therapy. Physicians should consider rechecking patient haemoglobin values and correcting a patient's anemia before determining the patient's glycemic status using HbA1c to avoid misinterpretation of their diabetes status.

Background: Nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in India. The average diet in India is low in iron and mostly of vegetable origin. This can be improved by increasing awareness of foodstuffs that are rich in iron and ensuring their availability. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the quality of information available on iron-rich foods and to assess their production and consumption in India. Methods: This was a review of common textbooks for medical, nursing, and home science students; related policy and program documents; and government publications on production and consumption of various foodstuffs in India. Results: Details of specific foods that are rich in iron have not been provided. Instead, food groups such as pulses, cereals, nuts, and green leafy vegetables (GLVs) have been mentioned that are good sources of non-heme iron. This is in spite of the fact that all the foodstuffs in these groups are not uniformly iron rich. Among cereals and pulses, rice and red gram dal (arhar) are the most commonly produced and consumed, though they have the lowest iron content. Spinach and mustard leaves believed to be iron rich and commonly consumed are among those GLVs having lowest iron content. Conclusion: Details of 5–10 foodstuffs which have the highest iron content within each food group should be available in relevant books and documents meant for education, production, and consumption data.

Nutritional anemias in children are important for the clinician to be able to recognize, diagnosis, and treat. Iron deficiency is not only the most common nutritional anemia but also the most common cause of anemia in infancy and childhood. Iron deficiency anemia has important health ramifications including effects on neurodevelopment. Dietary modifications can prevent iron deficiency, and if iron deficiency develops, simple interventions help prevent cognitive detriments. Given the common prevalence of this disease and its impact on neurodevelopment, it is imperative that primary care physicians recognize the condition early and initiate treatment.

Background: Anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem across the globe. The prevalence of anemia is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 255 adolescent girls. After getting informed consent from the subjects, the information regarding age, sociodemographic status, menstrual history, and short clinical details were recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using automated hematology analyser. Results and Discussion: Overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.63% (n = 124). The majority of the anemic girls (55.64%, n = 69) were having mild degree of anemia. Among 255 girls, 188 (73.73%) were from the early adolescent age group (10–14 years). Prevalence of anemia (52.24%) was high among the late adolescents and those belonging to low socioeconomic class. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and socioeconomic status, dietary modification, nutritional supplementation, and helminth control; in addition, compliance with consumption of iron and folic acid tablets will prevent anemia to a great extent among adolescent girls.

Introduction: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries. According to the World Health Organization, the highest number of individuals affected by anemia is observed in nonpregnant women aged 15–49.99 years. Though nutritional anemia can affect any age group, female medical students form a vulnerable population due to their hectic schedules, erratic mealtimes, and long working hours while staying in hostel for majority of times. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence and awareness of anemia among the apparently healthy female students studying at a health institute. Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted among 300 female students studying at a health institute in western Maharashtra after their written informed consent. A structured questionnaire elicits their general information, the knowledge about signs and symptoms of anemia, and dietary habits. Basal metabolic index and hemoglobin using the spectroscopy method are estimated for each participant. Results: Anemia prevalence in our population is 86 (28.6%). Based upon the severity of anemia, about 54 (18%) has mild anemia and 32 (10.6%) has moderate anemia. No case of severe anemia is noted in our study sample. Conclusion: The findings of the study highlight that anemia can affect even medical female students who are a vulnerable group unexpectedly suffering from nutritional deficiencies. Thus, this study highlights the need for interventional programs at primary health-care systems and colleges for improvement in the nutritional status of anemic students to reduce its complications.

In the elderly with cytopenia, the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be missed. Cytokine levels contribute to the pathology of MDS. Hence, the objectives were to evaluate cytogenetic profile as a prognostic indicator in risk stratification and cytokine levels as a screening tool in patients with cytopenia for diagnosis. Over 2 years (2016–2018), 150 elderly patients were screened. MDS diagnosis was confirmed by morphology. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 levels were assessed in 50 patients, and karyotyping was performed in 20 confirmed cases of MDS. Age-matched healthy controls were used for comparison of cytokine levels. Among 150 patients, 88.6% had anemia, including nutritional anemia (51.2%). MDS diagnosis was confirmed in 35 patients. In 15 patients, unexplained cytopenia (UC) was present. Karyotyping in 20 MDS patients was normal in 15 (75%) patients and revealed a complex karyotype in four (20%) patients and double chromosomal abnormality in one (5%) patient. The Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) scored 91% in the low-risk group and 9% (n = 3) in the high-risk group; the latter three developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and two of them had a 7q deletion. Among the 15 cases of UC, one patient died from refractory anemia. No significant difference in levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were found between MDS and UC patients when compared with healthy controls, as well as between different risk groups and karyotypes. A significant difference in IL-2 levels was found in MDS patients with disease progression and with stable disease. On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that IL-2 levels will help in predicting disease progression.

Giriş: Anemi düşük kan hemoglobin konsantrasyonu olarak tanımlanır ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından küresel anemi prevalansı % 24.8 kadar yüksek bir oranda bildirilmektedir. Günümüzde ise sağlık sistemleri artan mülteci nüfusuyla ve bunların karşılaşacağı sağlık problemleri ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, göçmen ve mülteci nüfusa hizmet eden hastanemize başvuran çocuk hastalardaki anemi varlığını tesbit etmektir. Yöntem: Çalışma geriye dönük olarak 2012-2018 yıllarını kapsayacak şekilde herhangi bir nedenle Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Kliniklerine başvuran 0-18 yaş arası göçmen ve mülteci hastanın değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Herhangi bir nedenle hastaneye giriş yapan ve hematolojik parametreleri kodlanan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular: Toplam 2234 (%46.2) kız olmak üzere 4840 olguya ulaşıldı. Olguların 4793 (%99,0)’ü Suriyeli idi. Ortalama başvuru yaşları 47, 67 ± 57,79 (0-226) ay bulundu. Ortalama Hb değeri 10, 8 ± 1,5, ortalama Hct 32,8 ± 4,3, ortalama MCV 75,9 ± 9,6 ve ortalama RDW 14,9 ± 2,5 saptandı. Ortalama demir değeri 46,41 ± 36,6, demir bağlama kapasitesi (DBK) 379, 52 ± 75,98, transferrin satürasyonu 11,95 ± 9,7 ortalama ferritin değeri ise 94,5 ± 452 olarak hesaplandı. Hb değeri 10 ve altında olan toplam 331 (%6,8), 8 ve altında olan ise 83 ( %1,71) olgu vardı. MCV değeri yaşa göre alt sınırda olan olguların demir eksikliği parametrelerini değerlendirmek amaçlı Menzter, Shine& Lal ve England indeksleri hesaplandı. MCV alt sınırda olup Menzter indeksi >13 olan olgular toplam 1525 idi (714 (%46,8) kız). Bunlarda MCV ile DBK arasında (p= 0,033, korelasyon katsayısı -0,124) ve TS arasında (p= 0,000, korelasyon katsayısı 0,232) anlamlı ilişki vardı. MCV alt sınırda olup Shine > 1530 olan toplam 1934 (886 kız) vardı ve MCV ile hiçbir demir parametresi arasında ilişki bulunmadı. England > 0 olan olguların ise sayısı 1277 idi ve sadece MCV ile TS satürasyonu arasında ilişki bulundu (p= 0,001 ve korelasyon katsayısı 0,223)Tartışma: Her ne kadar çalışmamız geriye dönük olsa ve bir çok veri eksiği içerse de anemi oranını bu popuülasyonda saptamış olması açısından dikkat çekicidir.

Anemia and sttunting are health problems with multiple causes, namely nutriton (vitamin and mineral deficiency) and nutritional (infectious diseases). This problem not only occurs in pregnant women but also in infancy, toddiers, school children and even teenagers. one of the causes of problems occuring in efforts to improve nutritional status in jeneponto. regency is the high rate of nutritional anemia due to lack of iron. This study aims to analyze teh most influential factors on the incidence of anemia against stunitng events in young women aged 13-15 years. Design of case control research with the number of samples 186 people, sampling technique by way of totaling sampling. Bivariate analysis is used to determine what factors are related to the incidence of anemia. multivariate analysisis were used to look at the factors that most affected the incidence of anema. The results showed that the most determinant of the anemia was (1) menstrual cycle p - 0,032 OR 1,61 (CI 95% 1,069 - 2,433) and menstrual periode p=0,001 OR=2,24 (CI 95% 1,528-3,283), (2) intake nutrient p=0,03 OR=2,64 (CI 95% 0,904-7,701) and level of education mather p=0,002 OR= 4,08 (CI 95% 1,366-12,224). It is expected that eating behavior with a balanced nutrition pattern should be amphasized through school health education programs.

Iron nutritional anemia is anemia caused by iron deficiency in the blood, meaning the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is less than 11 gr / dl. According to WHO, the incidence of pregnancy anemia ranges between 20% and 89% by setting Hb 11 g% (g / dl). The pregnancy anemia rate occurred 3.8% in the first trimester, 13.6% trimester II, and 24.8% in the third trimester. To know the effectiveness of CAMIL media (iron anemia disc pregnant mother) to behavior of prevention of iron anemia in pregnant mother in work area of ​​Beringin Raya Public Health Center of Bengkulu City. This type of research uses Quasy Experimental Study with Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. The population in this study were pregnant women listed in the Register of Beringin Raya Public Health Center of Bengkulu Year 2018. total samples were 40 respondents.20 respondents of the intervention group and 20 control groups. Data analysis using T-test. The result of the research is the effect of CAMIL on knowledge, attitude and action where the sign value 0.000 0.05. For attitudes on the CAMIL group and the leaflet is the same where the sign value is 0.146> 0.05. Action on the CAMIL group and the same leaflet where the sign value is 0.064> 0.05. Conclusion From the results of this study it can be concluded that health education is important to improve knowledge, attitude, and action, using CAMIL media and leaflets, both media are equally efketif because it is written with the added pictures