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BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Resource-based severity of injury (SOI) measures, such as the International Classification of Disease (ICD) Critical Care Severity Score (ICASS), may characterize traumatic burden better than standard mortality-based measures. The purpose of this study was to validate the ICASS in a representative national-level trauma cohort and compare SOI measures between children and adults. METHODS The National Trauma Databank was used to derive (2008-12) and validate (2013-15) ICASS and ICD Injury Severity Scores (ICISS, standard mortality-based SOI measure). SOI metrics and outcomes were compared between pediatric, adult, and elderly age groups. Logistic regression modeling evaluated predictors of critical care resource utilization. RESULTS Derivation and validation cohorts consisted of 3.90 and 1.97 million patients, respectively. ICASS strongly predicted actual critical care utilization (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04-1.04, p

BACKGROUND Mortality-based metrics like the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Injury Severity Score (ICISS) may underestimate burden of pediatric traumatic disease due to lower mortality rates in children. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate two resource-based severity of injury (SOI) measures, then compare these measures and the ICISS across a broad age spectrum of injured patients. METHODS The ICISS and two novel SOI measures, termed ICD Critical Care Severity Score (ICASS) and ICD General Anesthesia Severity Score (IGASS), were derived from Florida state administrative 2012 to 2016 data and validated with 2017 data. The ICASS and IGASS predicted the need for critical care services and anesthesia services, respectively. Logistic regression was used to validate each SOI measure. Distributions of ICISS, ICASS, and IGASS were compared across pediatric (0-15 years), adult (16-64 years), and elderly (65-84 years) age groups. RESULTS The derivation and validation cohorts consisted of 668,346 and 24,070 emergency admissions, respectively. On logistic regression, ICISS, ICASS, and IGASS were strongly predictive of observed mortality, critical care utilization, and anesthesia utilization, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean ICISS was 10.6 for pediatric and 19.0 for adult patients (ratio, 0.56), indicating that the predicted mortality risk in pediatric patients was slightly over half that of adults. In contrast, the mean ICASS for pediatric and adult patients was 50.2 and 53.2, respectively (ratio, 0.94); indicating predicted critical care utilization in pediatric patients was nearly the same as that of adults. The IGASS comparisons followed comparable patterns. CONCLUSION When a mortality-based SOI measure is used, the severity of pediatric injury appears much lower than that of adults, but when resource-based measures are used, pediatric and adult burden of injury appear very similar. The ICASS and IGASS are novel and valid resource-based SOI measures that are easily calculated with administrative data. They may complement mortality-based measures in pediatric trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic and epidemiological study.

Purpose:To examine the effect of body mass (BM) on eccentric knee-flexor strength using the Nordbord and offer simple guidelines to control for the effect of BM on knee-flexor strength.Methods:Data from 81 soccer players (U17, U19, U21, senior 4th French division, and professionals) and 41 Australian Football League (AFL) players were used for analysis. They all performed 1 set of 3 maximal repetitions of the bilateral Nordic hamstring exercise, with the greatest strength measure used for analysis. The main regression equation obtained from the overall sample was used to predict eccentric knee-flexor strength from a given BM (moderate TEE, 22%). Individual deviations from the BM-predicted score were used as a BM-free index of eccentric knee- flexor strength.Results:There was a large (r = .55, 90% confidence limits .42;.64) correlation between eccentric knee-flexor strength and BM. Heavier and older players (professionals, 4th French division, and AFL) outperformed their lighter and younger (U17–U21) counterparts, with the soccer professionals presenting the highest absolute strength. Professional soccer players were the only ones to show strength values likely slightly greater than those expected for their BM.Conclusions:Eccentric knee-flexor strength, as assessed with the Nordbord, is largely BM-dependent. To control for this effect, practitioners may compare actual test performances with the expected strength for a given BM, using the following predictive equation: Eccentric strength (N) = 4 × BM (kg) + 26.1. Professional soccer players with specific knee-flexor-training history and enhanced neuromuscular performance may show higher than expected values.

To estimate the prevalence, location, and type of cerebral aneurysms in patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) and identify associated risk factors.Ninety-three patients with PCKD were screened for aneurysms with spin-echo parenchymal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. Prevalence was estimated with the calculated proportions of patients who had aneurysms, adjusted for reported sensitivity and specificity of MR angiography.Thirteen aneurysms, found in 10 patients, were 7 mm or smaller in largest dimension; 11 of these aneurysms were saccular. Intra- and interobserver variabilities were 96%-98%. Conventional arteriograms, obtained in six patients, helped confirm the MR angiographic findings. The best estimates of prevalence of aneurysms were 11.7% in the study group (n = 93) and 25.8% in patients with a family history of aneurysms (n = 6).The prevalence of aneurysms in the study group was greater than in the general population. MR angiography is useful in screening for cerebral aneurysms.