1. Memantine hydrochloride: a drug to be repurposed against Chikungunya virus?
- Author
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Washington W da Silva, Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim, Pedro P. Corbi, Flávia Aparecida Resende Nogueira, Fernando R.G. Bergamini, Igor Andrade Santos, and Anna Karla dos Santos Pereira
- Subjects
Drug ,Salmonella ,medicine.drug_class ,Cell Survival ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Short Communication ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,Memantine hydrochloride ,Ames test ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Memantine ,medicine ,Humans ,Chikungunya ,Viability assay ,Antiviral ,EC50 ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Virology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Chikungunya Fever ,Antiviral drug ,business ,Chikungunya virus ,Repurposing ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Chikungunya fever is an endemic disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to which there is no vaccine or effective antiviral drug treatment so far. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-CHIKV activity of memantine hydrochloride (mtnH), a drug from the class of the aminoadamantanes approved for the treatment of Alzheimer´s disease, as a possible drug to be repurposed to the treatment of Chikungunya fever. Methods MtnH antiviral activity against CHIKV was determined by infecting BHK-21 cells with CHIKV-nanoluc, a virus carrying the marker nanoluciferase reporter, in the presence or absence of mtnH at concentrations ranging from 500 to 1.45 µM. The effective concentration of 50% inhibition (EC50) was calculated. Cell viability assay (determination of CC50) was also performed employing BHK-21 cells. Mutagenic assays were performed by the Salmonella Typhimurium/microsome assay (Ames test). Results MtnH presented a CC50 of 248.4 ± 31.9 µM and an EC50 of 32.4 ± 4 µM against CHIKV in vitro. The calculated selectivity index (SI) was 7.67. MtnH did not induce genetic mutation in Salmonella strains with or without an external metabolizing system. Conclusion With the data herein presented, it is possible to hypothesize mtnH as a viable candidate to be repurposed as an anti-CHIKV drug. Clinical assays are, therefore, encouraged due to the promising in vitro results. Graphic abstract The drug memantine hydrochloride is herein personified with a doubt: as a prior regulated drug against Alzheimer, could it follow the path against Chikungunya virus too?
- Published
- 2021