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Aim: Functional food and their bioactive compounds have been considered as a new approach for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. According to this approach current study was carried out as an elucidation of antidiabetic properties of Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius varieties of jute leaf (ethanolic extract) on nSTZ-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Methodology: The type-2 diabetic model rat was developed by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ (90 mg/kg/10 ml) in sterile citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) to rat pups (48 hour old). After three months, OGTT was performed to select diabetic (FSG > 6.5mmol/L and after 90 min of glucose load > 14 mmol/L) experimental rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups [DWC, GT, Ext-1 and Ext-2 represent, diabetic water control, glybenclamide treated (20 mg/5 ml/kg body weight), C. capsularis treated and C. olitorius treated group (1.25 g/10 ml/kg body weight) respectively]. One group was kept with normal rats [normal water control, NWC]. The treatment was given once daily or 28 consecutive days. Fasting serum glucose, liver glycogen and lipid profile were estimated by using standard methods. Results: The results showed that Ext-1 and Ext-2 treated groups gradually decreased serum glucose level (7.15 ±0.67 to 5.94 ± 1.19 and 7.20 ± 0.93 to 5.28 ±1.03 respectively) and reducing effect by Ext-2 was significant (p=0.001). Both extract showed lower liver glycogen level compared with GT group [5.0±2.5 Vs 17.7±6.5 (Ext-1 vs GT) and 7.5±6.4 Vs 17.7±6.5 (Ext-2 vs GT)] and even Ext-1 manifested significant effect (p=0.05). Additionally, lipid profile estimation revealed no significant improvement by the consumption of both the extracts. Conclusion: On the basis of current investigations, it may be concluded that both variety of jute’s leaf demonstrated hypoglycemic properties in Type 2 diabetic model rats; further in-depth studies are recommended to explore the exact mechanism(s) of hypoglycemic effect.

The benefits of using nano fertilizers in agriculture have previously been demonstrated. However, the comparative study on the effectiveness of different nano fertilizers and their application methods are very limited. Therefore, our study was to investigate the effects of soil-applied nano zeolite (NZS), foliar and soil-applied hybrid nanocomposite (HNCSF), and combined application of foliar-applied HNC and soil-applied NZ, together [HNCF + NZS] on the growth, proximate composition, and antioxidant properties of strawberries. Our current study revealed that the growth parameters were significantly improved with the NZS treatment except for chlorophyll contents as compared to HNCSF and [HNCF + NZS]. However, the proximate composition was significantly (P

Visible and infrared spectroelectrochemistry of Fe(OEPone)(NO) (H2OEPone = octaethylporphinone) were examined in methylene chloride and THF. The visible spectra of Fe(OEPone)(NO) were similar in both solvents. Unlike other ferrous porphyrin nitrosyls, a six-coordinate complex was formed with THF as a ligand. This led to two nitrosyl bands in the infrared spectrum. The absorbance of these bands depended on the concentration of THF in the solution. Solvation and coordination effects on the carbonyl and nitrosyl bands were observed for both the nitrosyl and reduced-nitrosyl complexes. DFT calculations were carried out to interpret the spectral changes. Marquette University, Raynor Memorial Libraries, Chemistry Research Data: https://epublications.marquette.edu/chem_data/1/

This study was carried out to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography method for short-time analysis of the main cannabinoids in the inflorescence of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). We also performed decarboxylation of the raw material using our advanced analysis technique. In this study, the UV spectrum was considered to analyze each of the four common cannabinoids, solvents, and samples, where the uniform elution of acidic cannabinoids without peak tailing and acids was tested. Optimal results were obtained when readings were taken at a wavelength of 220 nm using water and methanol containing trifluoroacetic acid as mobile phases in a solvent gradient system. The established conditions were further validated by system suitability, linearity, precision, detection limit, and quantitation limit tests. The decarboxylation index (DT50) confirmed that Δ9-THCA decarboxylated faster than CBDA, and both maintained a linear relationship with time and temperature. In addition, the loss of cannabidiol was better prevented during the decarboxylation process in the natural state than in the extracted state.

This study aimed to examine the total viable bacteria (TVBC), total coliform (TCC), fecal coliform (TFC), pathogenic Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and total fungi (TF), and the effect of different low-cost disinfectants (sterile water, salt water, blanched, and vinegar) in decontamination of 12 types of fruit and 10 types of vegetables. In fruit samples, the lowest TVBC was enumerated at 3.18 ± 0.27 log CFU/g in Indian gooseberry and the highest at 6.47 ± 0.68 log CFU/g in guava. Staphylococci (2.04 ± 0.53–5.10 ± 0.02 log CFU/g), Pseudomonas (1.88 ± 0.03–5.38 ± 0.08 log CFU/g), and total fungi (2.60 ± 0.18–7.50 ± 0.15 log CFU/g) were found in all fruit samples, however, no Salmonella was detected in fruit samples. Similarly, the lowest TVBC recorded 5.67± 0.49 log CFU/g in cucumber and the highest 7.37 ± 0.06 log CFU/g in yard long bean. The Staphylococci (3.48 ± 0.13–4.81 ± 0.16 log CFU/g), Pseudomonas (3.57± 0.21– 4.75 ± 0.23 log CFU/g), TCC (1.85 ± 1.11–56.50 ± 37.14 MPN/g), TFC (1.76 ± 0.87– 3.78 ± 3.76 MPN/g), and TF (3.79 ± 0.18–4.40 ± 0.38 log CFU/g) were recorded in all vegetables samples, but no Salmonella was detected in yard long bean, pointed gourd, carrot, tomato, cucumber, or brinjal. However, vinegar showed the highest microbial load reduction of selected fruit and vegetables among the different treatments. With vinegar treatment, the highest reduction of TVBC (1.61-log) and TF (2.54-log) was observed for fruits, and TVBC (2.31-log) and TF (2.41-log) for vegetables. All the disinfectant treatments resulted in significant (p &lt, 0.01) bacterial load reduction compared to control for the studied fruits and vegetable samples.

Milk is an incredibly healthy food world-wide. However, the ‘lactase deficient’ individuals cannot digest milk’s carbohydrate lactose. A large part of the world population is depriving of highly beneficial milk proteins like casein, lactoalbumin, lactoglobulin, etc. due to lactose intolerance. Production of functional foods and bioactive peptides from milk with natural antioxidants and the addition of probiotics could be the best alternative to extend the use of milk functionalities. Among different probiotics, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) like Lactobacillus delbrueckii sub sp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and some species of Bifidobacteria and their metabolites (paraprobiotics and postbiotics) have been given more preference to add in milk-derived functional foods. These species are generally considered as heat-tolerant, highly proteolytic, and peptidolytic towards milk proteins and they liberate smaller molecules of bioactive peptides during fermentation and other processes that stimulate the enzyme lactase to help people in digestion of milk carbohydrate lactose. Moreover, the incorporation of natural antioxidants in yoghurt and other dairy products prevents the rancidity of milk fat. The level of bioactive peptides produced in milk-derived functional foods can be determined by capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fractionation, and other modern assessment techniques. Commercial production of functional probiotic products with bioactive peptides could significantly contribute to reduce milk spoilage, enhance health benefits as well as the growth of the agro-processing industry.

Eye state recognition plays an important role in biomedical informatics e.g., smart home devices controlling, drowsy driving detection, etc. The change in cognitive states is reflected by the changing in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. There are some works for eye state recognition using traditional shallow neural networks and manually extracted features. The useful features extraction from EEG and the selection of appropriate classifiers are challenging tasks due to the variable nature of EEG signals. The deep learning algorithms automatically extracts features and often reported better performance than traditional classifiers in some recognition and recognition tasks. In this paper, we have proposed three architectures of a deep learning model using ensemble technique: convolution neural network, gated recurrent unit, and long short term memory for eye state recognition (open or close) from EEG directly. The study has been performed on a freely available public EEG eye state dataset of 14980 samples. The individual performance of each classifier has been observed, and also performance of recognition performance of the ensemble networks has also been compared with the existing prominent methods. The average accuracy 99.86% was obtained by the proposed method, and it is the highest performance ever reported in the literature.

To preserve the quality of fresh pear fruit after harvest and deliver quality fruit year-round a controlled supply chain and long-term storage are applied. During storage, however, internal disorders can develop due to suboptimal storage conditions that may not cause externally visible symptoms. This makes them impossible to be detected by current commercial quality grading systems in a reliable and non-destructive way. A combination of a Support Vector Machine coupled with a feature extraction algorithm and X-ray Computed Tomography is proposed to successfully detect internal disorders in ‘Conference’ and ‘Cepuna’ pear fruit nondestructively. Classifiers were able to distinguish defective from sound fruit with classification accuracies ranging between 90.2 and 95.1% depending on the cultivar and number of used features. Moreover, low false positive and negative rates were obtained, respectively ranging between 0.0 and 6.7%, and 5.7 and 13.3%. Classifiers trained on ‘Conference’ data were transferred effectively to the ‘Cepuna’ cultivar, suggesting generalizability to other cultivars as well. With continuing developments in both hardware and software to increase inspection speed and reduce equipment costs, the method can be implemented in industrial applications, e.g., inline translational X-ray CT.

Obesity is a cluster of non-transmissible diseases creating a massive socioeconomic and civil health burden in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of obesity is increased in an alarming rate and one-third of the world’s population carrying obesity. Phenolic compounds from plant sources play a great role on obesity. Green tea or herbal tea that contains four types of catechins reduced cholesterol level through the modulation of bile acid absorption and metabolism. Objectives: the aim of this study was to monitor the effects of green tea and nutritional education about dietary habit on obese persons. Methods: A randomized control trial (n=20) of obese persons were selected as baseline study and a sliming herbal tea (green tea) with nutritional counseling was prescribed for 12 weeks to take regularly for twice in a day. Results: This study showed a positive impact on obese individuals. After 12 weeks intervention, BMI was decreased from 30.94 to 30.57, body weight, body fat and body fat mass were reduced from 72.50 to 71.36 kg, 32.06 to 30.18% and 27.38 to 25.52 kg respectively. Moreover, a dietary practice of high protein diet with low calorie and low fat diet was developed through nutrition counseling at the baseline study. Conclusion: Obesity management is a combined process. So, green tea with planned diet might be a fruitful effort to reduce body weight, body fat and overall BMI of an obese person.

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows at Baghabari milk shed area of Sirajganj and Pabna districts in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 300 milk samples were collected from crossbred dairy cows, and the milk samples were subjected for using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Besides, data related to farm management were taken from 60 farmers through direct interviews. The CMT was compared with White Slide Test (WST) and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). The samples showing strong positive reaction to mastitis by CMT were used for the isolation of associated bacteria using conventional bacteriological examinations and biochemical properties. The isolated bacteria were subjected for antibiogram studies by disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 300 samples, 153 (51%) revealed positive reactions denoting that the cows were suffering from subclinical mastitis. Of the 153 samples, 39(13%) were trace-positive, 56(18.56%) were weak-positive, 33(11%) were distinct-positive, and the rest 25(8.3%) samples were strongly positive. In comparison economically among CMT, WST and SFMT, SFMT was found to be the cheapest and easiest. In this study, the cows were mostly infected with mixed infection with Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and some cows had single bacterial infection. It was observed that most of the microorganisms were sensitive to Gentamycin, Amoxicillin and Ceftriaxone, and were resistant to Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Colistin sulphate. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the crossbred dairy cows at Sirajganj and Pabna district is 51%. It indicates that subclinical mastitis is a major threat for dairy industry in the studied areas. Early detection and appropriate preventive measures are suggestive to successful control of the disease. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(3.000): 295-300]

Wastes of leather industries are substantially polluting the environment; therefore, to ameliorate the situation using environment-friendly dehairing process, an extracellular protease producing bacterium highly capable of dehairing cattle hide was isolated from soil. The bacterium was capable of producing extracellular protease which could dehair cattle hide within 8–10 h only. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of the dehaired hide obtained from enzymatic process showed that hair pores were free of any hair residues and grain surface was found to be smoother than conventional dehairing process. The optimum temperature for bacterial growth and enzyme production was found to be around 37 °C and crude enzyme was found to have optimum activity at pH 8.5. Complete inhibition of the enzyme activity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) indicated that the enzyme could be serine protease. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 1430 nt 16S rRNA gene sequence by MEGA 6.0 placed the isolated bacterium in the same clad with Bacillus subtilis. Phylogenetic analysis of full length 16S-23S Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and partial sequence of 23S rRNA gene also showed that the bacterium could be a member of Bacillus subtilis family. This potential bacterium can be used in the leather industries as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical dehairing.

Aims: It is a base line survey to find the reason behind the misuse of antibiotic in Bangladesh. Study Design: Questionnaires were supplied to corresponded persons to collect information from patient, doctors & pharmacy shop from seven region of Bangladesh. The data was analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics to generate frequencies, percentage & proportions. Place and Duration of Study: The survey was carried out throughout Bangladesh from May 2016 to August 2016. Methodology: Information of 2250 patients, 760 doctors & 1450 chemist shop form 7 regions of Bangladesh were collected from May 2016 to August 2016 using questionnaires consisting descriptive question, true false, multiple choice and a comment part by direct interview method. Wherever it was relevant, the Chi-square test was used to determine any significance difference. Results: We found majority of people (70%) are not so concern about the antibiotic resistance and it’s after effect due to lack of proper knowledge. we found majority of people (70%) are not so concern about the antibiotic resistance and its after effect due to lack of proper knowledge. 18% people are known with the term antimicrobial resistance but do not have proper knowledge about resistance and the rest of the people (12%) has proper knowledge about antibiotic dosage and antimicrobial resistance. Majority of people are known with the some antibiotics like Azythromycin & Ciprofloxacin which are taken by them without prescription for reducing fever, severe pain and wound without considering the dosage completion. Conclusion: Antibiotics should only be used when needed as prescribed by health professionals. The prescriber should closely adhere to the five rights of drug administration: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route, and the right time.

Background & purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of HRCT scan of chest in comparison to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi that included 150 patients over a period of eight months from April, 2020 to December, 2020. Using RT-PCR as the reference standard, the performance of HRCT scan of chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 was assessed. In addition, the common HRCT findings, CT severity, demographic distribution of the disease were also analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 51.8±14.5 years, age range was from 24 to 82 years. There was a male predominance with 1.58:1. Cough (86.7%) &dyspnoea (74.7%) were the predominant clinical symptoms. Commonest CT features were GGO (97.1%) & GGO with consolidation (49.0%) followed by fibrosis (48%). Majority of the patients had all five lobes involved (51%) & CT severity showed majority with 25-50% involvement (28%) followed by 50-75% involvement in 22.3% patients. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy & reliability were 97%, 43.7%, 93.5%, 63.6%, 91.3% & 0.88 respectively. Conclusion: HRCT chest has a very high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19. HRCT chest should be considered as complementary to RT-PCR & a primary tool for detection of COVID-19 in this pandemic situation.

Natural fibers are becoming a competitive option as reinforcement of polymeric composite materials due to their bio-based character, good specific mechanical properties, low cost and inexhaustible supply. The aim of this study was to make the Bamboo fiber and high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite and to measure the wet loss of the composite due to removal of moisture content at 105 0C, 125 0C and 135 0C temperature. Bamboo fiber were extracted from bamboo culm and treated with 0.5 M NaOH. Bamboo fiber-reinforced HDPE composites were prepared employing melt blending technique followed by heat press molding with various weight fractions (5, 10, 30 and 40 wt. %) of the treated bamboo fiber with HDPE. A systematic investigation of the thermal behavior on the moisture content of the composites was carried out. It was observed that at 135 0C temperature more moisture removed from the composite compared to 105 0C and 125 0C temperature. It also revealed that the weight loss of the composite increased with the increase in the Bamboo fiber loading (5% to 40%).

Background: When a method is unusual, the intention is very strong and then prevention becomes a big challenge; although, suicide is a preventable public health problem. Objectives: The author aimed to look into unusual methods of suicidal attempts so that they can be considered in the formulation of prevention strategies. Methods: A search was done in PubMed, PubMed Central, Google, Google Scholar, and BanglaJOL with specific searching key words between 2000 and 2017. Eventually, 23 articles were selected purposively for review. Results: Nine suicide cases were reported as unusual poisoning, eight attempts were by violent methods, four by stabbing, and another four by unusual asphyxia. The mean age of the victims was 39.96 years, ranging from 17 to 80 years old, 68% being male. A total of 18 (72%) respondents died by the act, while 28% were saved from fatal attempts. Of the victims, 36% were found to have mental disorders, i.e. 28% had depression, 4% had schizophrenia, and 4% had bipolar 1 disorder. Seven cases had notable risk factors and two had a history of previous attempts. Conclusions: Adult males are more prone to use unusual methods. Males used violent methods more than females, whereas females used more unusual poisoning methods. Asian and south Asians used more poisoning methods than those from other parts of the world.

The present study was aimed to investigate the gynaeco-pathological disorders by post-mortem and histopathological examination, and to identify the associated bacteria. A total of 310 genital tracts of cows were collected from slaughter house of Dinajpur Sadar Upazilla during April 2009 to March 2010. Among the 310 samples, 31.29% (n=97/310) were affected with endrometritis. Similarly, 8.37% (n=26/310) cystic ovary, 6.77% (n=21/310) ovary hyperplasia, 4.84% (n=15/310) pyometra, 4.84% (n=15/310) parovarian cyst, 4.52% (n=14/310) hydrometra, 4.84% (n=15/310) ovary hypoplasia, 3.55%(n=11/310) ovaro-bursal adhesion, 1.29% (n=4/310) vaginal cyst and 0.66% (n=2/310)) hemorrhagic uterine horn were detected by post-mortem examination, the cases were reconfirmed by histopathological studies. Uterine fluid (n=50) samples were collected, and were subjected for conventional bacteriological culture and biochemical analysis. Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. could be identified from 30% (n=15/50) and 8% (n=4/50) samples, respectively. In conclusion, various pathological disorders in the female reproductive system of cows are prevalent, that may cause reduction of calf production.

Introduction: Adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) has been reported in the psychiatric literature with lifetime prevalence of 6.6%, which is associated with different comorbidities. Here, we report an adult Bangladeshi female presented with ASAD for her pets with superimposed superstitious beliefs. Case Presentation: A 27 year- old- female presented with excessive unusual preferences and preoccupation with her 2 cats for the last 4 years. She also presented with severe anxiety, fear, and sleep disturbances with bad dreamsrelated to her pets. She had persistent fear of losing her pets and suspected that people including her family members might harm them. She was increasingly unwilling to keep herself away from the cats, resulting in her social isolation and limitation in other activities. She married 2 years ago after long period of affairs, but refused to stay in her in-laws residence without her pets and she even avoided her husband. She behaves with pets as if they are her children and does not want to have children anymore. Conclusions: Extreme pet preference with avoidance of usual family life contrasting the cultural belief encouraged the authors to draw the attention of scientific community.

The present study investigates the effect of consumption of coconut oil (CO) mixed with erucic acid rich rapeseeds which induced a significant change of blood serum lipids in rats. After 6 weeks of feeding to Wistar rats, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio (FER) and serum lipid profile such as Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined. Rapeseed reduced the body weight and FER whereas TC, TG, and LDL were increased. But coconut oil causes significant increase in body weight gain, FER and decreased serum TC, TG and LDL activities. In addition, the mixture of both oil supplements decreased body weight gain, FER and serum TC, TG and LDL activities, the results demonstrated the effects of coconut oil in lowering lipids levels in serum and it also protects the toxic effect of rapeseed.

Background Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a distressful disorder in children and adolescents. However, it has been poorly studied in Bangladesh. Objectives This study was conducted to look into the phenomenology of OCD in children and adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods This descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted in a child mental health consultation center in Bangladesh from January 2014 to December 2014. A total of 106 OCD cases were included purposively. Assessment was done using standardized Bangla version of Development and well-being assessment and children’s Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale. Results Of the obsessions, miscellaneous obsession was found to be the most prevalent among the participants, followed by contamination; and of the compulsions, washing/cleaning was the most prevalent, followed by checking, miscellaneous obsessions, repeating, and ordering rituals. About half of the participants had severe OCD, and comorbidity was present in 45.3%. Hyperkinetic disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and tic disorder were more prevalent. Conclusions Miscellaneous and contamination obsessions are prominent as obsessions, whereas checking and miscellaneous obsessions are prominent as compulsions in Bangladesh. Further larger scale, multi- centered, or community-based studies would help generalize the results.

Background: Depression is a common recurrent disorder linked to reduced quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Bangladesh is a densely populated developing country and literacy on depression of this huge population is a must need to cope with the depressive disorder burden. Objective: It was aimed to adapt and validate Bangla version of Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D - Lit Bangla) for the assessment of the status of knowledge regarding depression. Method: The validation study was conducted at the department of public health, ASA University Bangladesh. Data were collected from May 2016 to July 2016 from 194 students by self-reporting final Bangla version of D-Lit questionnaire obtained by standard adaptation procedure. Samples were selected by convenient sampling and data were analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 16.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010 version software. Result: The Cronbach’s α was 0.77 which reflects the internal consistency of the reliability. After varimax rotation form of factor analysis- only one factor was extracted and factor analysis revealed significant commonalities between the items. Conclusion: 20 items D-Lit Bangla is psychometrically valid and can be used for further researches as well as clinical settings.

The study was conducted to know the cyclic changes in gonadal maturation and to investigate the developmental stages of oocytes and testicular germ cells of an air-breathing fish, Channa striata. Fish were sampled monthly from lentic and lotic environments of three geographical locations of Bangladesh from December to November and the histological analysis of their gonad was done to evaluate the objectives. The highest mean GSI was 5.95 ± 0.20 for female in July and 0.14 ± 0.01 for male also in July showing that the gonadal development reached its peak during this month. The highest mean oocyte diameter was 1257.50 ± 24.17 μm observed in July implying that the oocyte reached maturity in this month. Histological study of ovary revealed the evidence of early yolk granule stage and late yolk granule stage from April to July. In case of male four stages of spermatogenesis were distinguished and spermatozoa were highly abundant in June and July. So the monthly pooled values of GSI and the analysis of gonadal histology indicated that the peak breeding season of C. striata occurred in July in the lentic and lotic environments. Samples collected from lentic and lotic habitats are suggestive of no difference in the development of the gonad. The results of the present study will be useful for selective breeding programme, conservation and sustainable fishery management of C. striata in its natural habitat.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder characterised by persistent and unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and urges and repetitive behaviours or mental acts and can cause pervasive impairments. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of OCD among children is 2% which is higher than in previous reporting. This study was aimed at looking into the type, frequency, and severity of symptoms of OCD and comorbidity among children and adolescents. A consecutive 60 OCD cases from a child mental health service with age range of 5–18 years were recruited and divided into below and above 12 years of age group. The assessment was carried out using standardized Bangla version of Development and Wellbeing Assessment and Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered. Of the obsession, contamination was the highest followed by doubt, and of the compulsion, washing/cleaning was the highest followed by checking, repeating, and ordering rituals. More than half of the subjects had severe OCD and comorbidity was present in 58% subjects. Specific phobia, social phobia, major depressive disorder, and tic disorder were more prevalent. These symptoms and comorbidity profile can serve the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale study would better generalize the study results.

Emergency Medical Service (EMS) is an important option in health care delivery system which can reduce morbidity and mortality. Though emergency medical service (EMS) service available for physical illness, still absent for mental illness in government sector. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries in Asia which just transformed from low income status to lower middle income. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adult is 6.5 to 31% but the government expenses 0.06% of the total budget in mental health sector and the mental health act is yet to be approved. This cross sectional study intended to observe the demography and distribution of diagnosis of patients of two private hospitals who were hospitalized involuntarily via EMS. Two psychiatric hospitals were selected purposively and reviewed the EMS request forms and hospital discharge certificates of the respective patients. Among the patients, the common diagnoses were Schizophrenia (34.7%), Substance Related Disorders (18.8%), Bipolar Disorders (15.8%) and Personality Disorders (12.9%). Very few patients were admitted from rural background. There is lack of integrated national EMS system and some private initiatives provided for medical and psychiatric patients. It is an urgent need of further research in this field to identify limits and strength of the emergency medical service system as well as the integration and expansion of the service in government and private hospitals can be an effective option for addressing the mental health emergencies across the areas.

In the present study we formulated a low cost complementary baby food and investigated its role to improve the nutritional status of the malnourished baby. One hundred gm of complementary baby food was prepared by blending of 40 gm cereal powder, 16 gm green gram powder, 14 gm sesame powder, 14 gm banana powder, 10 gm pumpkin powder and 6 gm sugar powder according to the proportion of balanced diet. The formulated complementary baby food contained 336.5 Kcal energy and 6.56% moisture, 1.76% crude fiber, 17.5% protein, 13.7% fat, 31.31% carbohydrate, 30.93% ash, 27.7 mg of vitamin C, 210 µg of vitamin E, 30.15 mg of iron, 45.32 mg of zinc, 470.3 mg of calcium, 73.6 mg of magnesium and 1100 µg β-carotene. Impact of formulated complementary food to improve nutritional status was observed by conducting a cross-sectional study on 27 suspected malnourished children living in low socioeconomic status. According to the anthropometric data 18 children were found to be malnourished. From the 18 children, 13 children were taken as Feeding Group and remaining 5 children taken as Control Group. We found that 30.76% children were severe malnourished, 46.15% children were moderate malnourished and 23.07% children were mild malnourished according to Gomez classification. Nutritional status of the feeding and control group was investigated during the three months study period. It was found that control group gradually lost their weight (wasting) during the study periods due to faulty feeding practices and lack of calorie intake. Percent weight loss (wasting) at the end of the study period for Control-1, Control-2, Control-3, Control-4 and Control-5 were 8.60%, 7.14%, 8.33%, 10.0%, and 9.25% respectively. While the newly formulated complementary baby food was provided 120gm/day for the severe malnourished children and 80gm/day for the mild to moderate malnourished children during the study period. It was found that the formulated complementary baby food can reverse muscle wasting and improving nutritional status of the malnourished children during the study period. Thus newly formulated complementary baby food was efficiently providing both calorie and other dietary essentials to the malnourished children.

This comparative study represents the dietary fiber awareness among the two selected areas of Bangladesh, especially urban & rural areas to detect the situation about knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of dietary fiber. This study is conducted among 100 people of two areas and shows that knowledge about dietary fiber is higher among the respondents of urban (96%) than the respondents of rural (74%). This study also represents that the attitude to prefer drugs, using laxative is higher among the respondents of urban area. But the curiosity of more intake of dietary fiber is higher among the rural people. This study also shows that among the rural people, the tendency of buying dietary fiber containing foods and intake of fresh dietary fiber foods is higher than urban. But practice of habiting of dietary fiber in fiber content foods stuffs is very much conscious among the respondents of both areas.