78 results on '"Manjinder Singh"'
Search Results
2. Effect of Occupational Exposure to Pollutants on Peak Expiratory flow Rate of Healthy Non-smoking Bus Drivers in the Age Group of 20-55 Years
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Aditya Jain and Manjinder Singh
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pefr ,lung functions ,bus drivers ,peak expiratory flow ,mini wright’s peak flow meter ,respiratory airways ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective: The present study was undertaken to establish the effect of pollutants in the form of auto-exhaust, gases, etc. on the respiratory airways of healthy, non-smoking bus drivers in the age group of 20-55 years, by measuring the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy, non-smoking bus drivers in the age group of 20 years to 55 years. were selected randomly from a bus stand of the PRTC (Punjab Roadways Transport Corporation) in the Patiala district and their PEFR values were compared with those of one hundred healthy, non-smoking persons in the age group of 20 years to 55 years, who were engaged in professions other than bus driving. Subjects with a prior history of reactive airways or bronchodilator intake were excluded. The influence of age, height, weight, body surface area and the duration of exposure on PEFR were studied. The PEFR test was performed by using Mini Wright’s Peak Flow Meter. Results: The mean PEFR of the bus drivers was found to be less than that of the control subjects in each group and the results were found to be statistically highly significant (p
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- 2012
3. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Opportunities for Drug Development
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Tanveer Singh, Varinder Singh, Shiveena Bhatia, Pratibha Sharma, Manjinder Singh, and Rishi Rawal
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Programmed cell death ,Hyperphosphorylation ,Plaque, Amyloid ,Disease ,Hippocampal formation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Drug Development ,Alzheimer Disease ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Pharmacology ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,business.industry ,Neurodegeneration ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Mitochondria ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Mitochondrial biogenesis ,Increased inflammatory response ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major reasons for 60-80% cases of senile dementia occurring as a result of the accumulation of plaques and tangles in the hippocampal and cortical neurons of the brain leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. The other pathological features of AD comprise abnormal microvasculature, network abnormalities, interneuronal dysfunction, increased β-amyloid production and reduced clearance, increased inflammatory response, elevated production of reactive oxygen species, impaired brain metabolism, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and disruption of acetylcholine signaling. Among all these pathologies, Mitochondrial Dysfunction (MD), regardless of it being an inciting insult or a consequence of the alterations, is related to all the associated AD pathologies. Observed altered mitochondrial morphology, distribution and movement, increased oxidative stress, dysregulation of enzymes involved in mitochondrial functioning, impaired brain metabolism, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in AD subjects suggest the involvement of mitochondrial malfunction in the progression of AD. Here, various pre-clinical and clinical evidence establishing MD as a key mediator in the progression of neurodegeneration in AD are reviewed and discussed with an aim to foster future MD based drug development research for the management of AD.
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- 2022
4. Insights into the Mechanism of the Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Neurological Diseases
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Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Amarjot Kaur, Varinder Singh, Manjinder Singh, Ashi Mannan, and Nikhil Garg
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Pharmacology ,Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ,Parkinson's disease ,business.industry ,Mechanism (biology) ,Monoamine oxidase ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Parkinson Disease ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,Drug development ,Alzheimer Disease ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Medicine ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,business ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of monoamines and other proteins. MAO’s hyperactivation results in the massive generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and depression-like disorders. Although synthetic MAO inhibitors are clinically available, they are associated with side effects such as hepatotoxicity, cheese reaction, hypertensive crisis, and so on, necessitating the investigation of alternative MAO inhibitors from a natural source with a safe profile. Herbal medications have a significant impact on the prevention of many diseases; additionally, they have fewer side effects and serve as a precursor for drug development. This review discusses the potential of herbal MAO inhibitors as well as their associated mechanism of action, with an aim to foster future research on herbal MAO inhibitors as a potential treatment for neurological diseases.
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- 2022
5. PROTACs in Treatment of Cancer: A Review
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Poonam Arora, Varinder Singh, Shiveena Bhatia, Manjinder Singh, and Sandeep Arora
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Pharmacology ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,Drug discovery ,business.industry ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,Cancer treatment ,Enzyme system ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Neoplasms ,Proteolysis ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,business - Abstract
Cancer treatment has become a major challenge amidst the resistance and relapse caused by the various treatments available. The PROteolysis TAargeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology involves the degradation of target protein against the inhibition by small drug molecules. The PROTACs with high potency and activity have been frequently reported; however, no PROTAC acting against cancer has reached the clinical trials. The concept of PROTACs involves the reduction in the disease-causing protein by its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasomal enzyme system. This concept has attracted a lot of attention from both industry and academia due to its potential in drug discovery (in the form of PROTACs), which can conquer the resistance associated with current treatments of cancer. Thus, it is the need of the hour to identify and synthesize more PROTACs for a viable treatment of cancer. This article reviews the design, activity and effects produced in cancer by some recently developed PROTACs.
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- 2021
6. Impact of Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Course and Severity of Dengue in Children: A Prospective Observational Study from North India
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Gursimran Kaur Mohi, Mahendra Kumar, Muralidharan Jayashree, Suresh Kumar Angurana, Radha Kanta Ratho, Manjinder Singh Randhawa, Karthi Nallasamy, and Namita Ravikumar
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Abdominal pain ,Severity of Illness Index ,Dengue fever ,Dengue ,Interquartile range ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical significance ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Pediatric intensive care unit ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,COVID-19 ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Vomiting ,Female ,Parasitology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
In 2020, a considerable overlap occurred between the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal dengue transmission in India. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute or recent infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the course and outcomes of dengue fever in children. We prospectively enrolled 44 children with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue fever. Assessment of acute and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection was done using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and IgG antibody through ELISA. Children were grouped based on evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and clinical severity, and outcomes were compared. The median age of the study cohort was 96 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 69–129 months). Fever (98%), vomiting (78%), abdominal pain (68%), hepatomegaly (68%), and edema (32%) were the common features. About two-thirds (N = 30) had severe dengue; 20 (45%) had dengue shock. Liver dysfunction (58%) and acute kidney injury (25%) were other major organ dysfunctions. Nineteen (43%) children stayed in the pediatric intensive care unit for a median duration of 5 days (IQR: 2–11 days). None had acute SARS-CoV2 infection; however, IgG against SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15 (34%) cases. Children with recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 showed a trend toward a lower incidence of acute kidney injury, fewer organ dysfunctions, and a lower frequency of invasive ventilation. Four children (9%) died; none of the deaths were in the SARS-CoV-2–exposed group. The present study exposes preliminary evidence that dengue fever might follow a less severe course in children with recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is pertinent to understand the antigenic similarity and cross-protective antibody response between the two viruses and their clinical relevance.
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- 2021
7. AHA Pediatric Advanced Life Support Update 2020 — 'More Breaths, Less Fluids, and a Focus on Recovery'
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Vishwa Chenniganahosahalli Revaiah, Muralidharan Jayashree, and Manjinder Singh Randhawa
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Resuscitation ,Epinephrine ,Maternal and child health ,business.industry ,Septic shock ,Pediatric advanced life support ,medicine.disease ,Shock, Septic ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Extracorporeal ,Feces ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Pediatric surgery ,Humans ,Chain of survival ,Medicine ,Child ,business ,Intensive care medicine - Abstract
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines are updated every five years and the new 2020 guidelines were issued recently. We briefly review the important changes in terms of rates of rescue breaths, timing of epinephrine, resuscitation in septic shock, use of extracorporeal therapies, and the new component in the chain of survival - recovery.
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- 2021
8. Development and Characterization of LBG-PVA Interpenetrating Networks Incorporating Gliclazide for Sustained Release
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Gitika Arora Dhingra, Manjinder Singh, Ashish Katoch, Malkiet Kaur, Manju Nagpal, and Geeta Aggarwal
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Materials science ,Chemical engineering ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Gliclazide ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Controlled oral dosage forms have always been preferred for drugs with variable absorption, and short biological half life and frequent dosing. The prime goal with sustained release systems is to maintain uniform therapeutic blood levels for more extended periods of time. Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) have been evidenced as uniform sustained release systems. In the current study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and locust bean gum (LBG) based IPNs were developed for the oral sustained release drug delivery of gliclazide (shows variable absorption). Methods: The IPNs were synthesized by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross linking agent. Gliclazide is a potential second generation, and short-acting sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent having a short biological half-life (2-4 h), variable absorption and poor oral bioavailability. Various batches of IPNs were formulated by varying LBG: PVA ratio and evaluated for percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), swelling properties and in vitro drug release studies. Further characterizations were done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), C13 Solid state NMR, X-Ray diffraction study (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Differential scanning microscopy (DSC) studies. Results: The percentage yield, drug entrapment and equilibrium swelling were observed to be dependent on PVA-LBG ratio and GA amount. Sustained release of drug was observed in all IPN formulations (approx 59 - 86% in 8 h in various batches) with variable release kinetics. SEM studies revealed the regular structures of IPNs. FTIR, XRD, C13 Solid state NMR and DSC studies proposed that drug was successfully incorporated into the formed IPNs. Conclusion: IPNs of LBG and PVA can be used as a promising carrier with uniform sustained release characteristics.
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- 2021
9. Antiviral Essential Oils Incorporated in Nanocarriers: Strategy for Prevention from COVID-19 and Future Infectious Pandemics
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Malkiet Kaur, Geeta Aggarwal, Manju Nagpal, Manjinder Singh, Gayatri Devi, and Gitika Arora Dhingra
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Databases, Pharmaceutical ,Drug Compounding ,Herbal Medicine ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antiviral Agents ,law.invention ,Alkaloids ,Nanocapsules ,law ,Biological property ,Pandemic ,Oils, Volatile ,medicine ,Siddha ,Humans ,Essential oil ,Coronavirus ,Traditional medicine ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Terpenes ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Antimicrobial ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,Nanocarriers ,business - Abstract
Background: Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. Methods: Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. Conclusion: Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.
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- 2020
10. COVID-19: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENICITY AND GLOBAL UPDATES
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Varinder Singh, Paramjot Maman, Vivek Puri, Manjinder Singh, Manju Nagpal, Ameya Sharma, and Gitika Arora Dhingra
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Current time ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pathogenicity ,Clinical trial ,Pandemic ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,Effective treatment ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a highly contagious virus that originated from China and has become a major threat in the current time Presently, finding an effective treatment strategy for COVID-19 is in infancy Worldwide, numerous clinical trials employing different treatment strategies (antiviral drugs and vaccines) are in progress to develop an effective therapeutic regimen against COVID-19 Literature related to the epidemiology, mortality, pathogenicity, treatment strategies and clinical data was studied and database was collected using various search engines such as j-gate, google scholar, scihub, pubmed, sciencedirect etc The present review systematically summarises the published information about epidemiology, various stages of pandemic, mortality, pathogenicity, modes of transmission, clinical characteristics, methods of prevention, ongoing treatment strategies and drugs under clinical trials associated with COVID-19 with a hope to avoid possible threatening of the lives of millions of human beings and provide directions for future studies © 2020 The Authors
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- 2020
11. Medicinal Potential of Heterocyclic Compounds from Diverse Natural Sources for the Management of Cancer
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Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Manjinder Singh, Balraj Saini, and Pratibha Sharma
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Biology ,Bleomycin ,Natural (archaeology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heterocyclic Compounds ,Neoplasms ,Biological property ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,Biological Products ,0303 health sciences ,Molecular Structure ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Paclitaxel ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Topotecan ,Camptothecin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Natural products form a significant portion of medicinal agents that are currently used for the management of cancer. All these natural products have unique structures along with diverse action mechanisms with the capacity to interact with different therapeutic targets of several complex disorders. Although plants contribute as a major source of natural products with anti-cancer potential, the marine environment and microbes have also bestowed some substantial chemotherapeutic agents. A few examples of anti-cancer agents of natural origin include vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin and topotecan obtained from plants, bryostatins, sarcodictyin and cytarabine from marine organisms and bleomycin and doxorubicin from micro-organisms (dactinomycin, bleomycin and doxorubicin). The incredible diversity in the chemical structures and biological properties of compounds obtained from million species of plants, marine organisms and microorganisms present in nature has commenced a new era of potential therapeutic anti-cancer agents.
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- 2020
12. Treatment of Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review of Entire Therapies
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Geeta Aggarwal, Manjinder Singh, Manju Nagpal, Harman Bakshi, and Gitika Arora Dhingra
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Administration, Topical ,Drug Compounding ,Population ,02 engineering and technology ,Parenteral therapy ,Toxicology ,Patient acceptance ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psoriasis ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Adverse effect ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,Pharmacology ,education.field_of_study ,Mechanism (biology) ,business.industry ,Phototherapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Biological Therapy ,Patient Compliance ,Dermatologic Agents ,Psychological aspects ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Psoriasis treatment - Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that ingeminates itself with the repeated proliferation of keratinocytes. It globally strikes a 2-5 % population on an average. Management of psoriasis remains a daunting task with various challenges influencing treatment, such as patient conformity and adherence to therapy, delicate patient profiles, psychological aspects, and skin as a barrier to topical delivery. The first part reviewed pathophysiology, triggering factors, and clinical classification. The second part reviewed all the therapies, such as topical, oral, biological, parenteral therapy, phototherapy, and the phyto-pharmaceuticals. Methods: The research data related to the existing and upcoming therapies for psoriasis treatment, several nanocarriers, existing marketed formulations, and detailed description of phytopharmaceuticals with their mechanism. Results: Topical therapy is the mainstay treatment option with limited adverse effects. Biological therapy has reformed conventional psoriasis treatment by being more efficacious and has increased patient acceptance due to decreased adverse events. Nanoformulations present an edge over conventional therapy due to improved anti-psoriatic effect and decreased side effects. Phyto-pharmaceuticals act as a complementary and alternative therapy for diminishing psoriasis symptoms. Conclusion: A rationalized cost-effective patient compliant therapy is required for effective management and complete cure of psoriasis.
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- 2020
13. Anticonvulsive Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate on Pilocarpine and Pentylenetetrazole Induced Epileptogenesis in Mice
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Rafa Almeer, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Shareen Singh, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Manjinder Singh, Mohamed Kamel, Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak, and Agnieszka Najda
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Male ,caspase-3 ,extracellular matrix ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Status epilepticus ,pro-inflammatory mediators ,Pharmacology ,Epileptogenesis ,Neuroprotection ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Extracellular matrix ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,QD241-441 ,Status Epilepticus ,Seizures ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Chondroitin sulfate ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,chondroitin sulfate ,biology ,Chemistry ,Valproic Acid ,Organic Chemistry ,Chondroitin Sulfates ,Pilocarpine ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,intracellular ionic concentration ,Oxidative Stress ,Neuroprotective Agents ,nervous system ,Proteoglycan ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Pentylenetetrazole ,Anticonvulsants ,medicine.symptom ,Intracellular ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate is a proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports neuronal and non-neuronal cell activity, provides a negative domain to the extracellular matrix, regulates the intracellular positive ion concentration, and maintains the hypersynchronous epileptiform activity. Therefore, the present study hypothesized an antiepileptic potential of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindled epilepsy and pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice. Levels of various oxidative stress markers and inflammatory mediators were estimated in the brain tissue homogenate of mice, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Treatment with valproate (110 mg/kg, i.p.) as a standard drug and chondroitin sulfate (100 &, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p <, 0.01) and dose-dependently prevented the severity of kindled and spontaneous recurrent seizures in mice. Additionally, chondroitin sulfate showed its antioxidant potential by restoring the various biochemical levels and anti-inflammatory properties by reducing NF-kB levels and pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-alpha, IL-1β, and IL-6, indicating the neuroprotective effect as well as the suppressed levels of caspase-3, which indicated a neuroprotective treatment strategy in epilepsy. The proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate restores the normal physiology and configuration of the neuronal tissue. Further, the molecular docking of chondroitin sulfate at the active pockets of TNF-alpha, IL-1β, and IL-6 showed excellent interactions with critical amino acid residues. In conclusion, the present work provides preclinical evidence of chondroitin sulfate as a new therapeutic approach in attenuating and preventing seizures with a better understanding of the mechanism of alteration in ECM changes influencing abnormal neuronal activities.
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- 2021
14. Ulnar nerve conduction study in healthy young adults from Punjab, India: Normative data
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Shomi Anand, Manjinder Singh, and Amit Kumar
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Normative ,Young adult ,Audiology ,business ,Ulnar nerve - Published
- 2021
15. Intensive Care Needs and Short-Term Outcome of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): Experience from North India
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Karthi Nallasamy, Muralidharan Jayashree, Arun Bansal, Arnab Ghosh, Manjinder Singh Randhawa, Kapil Goyal, Sanjeev Naganur, Manoj Rohit Kumar, Puspraj Awasthi, Ajay Thakur, Suresh Kumar Angurana, and Mahendra Kumar
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,PICU ,Mechanical Ventilation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Critically ill children ,Mucocutaneous zone ,India ,MIS-C ,Hyperinflammation ,Interquartile range ,Internal medicine ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Pediatric intensive care unit ,Mechanical ventilation ,Aspirin ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,Myocarditis ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Intravenous Immunoglobulin ,Steroids ,business ,AcademicSubjects/MED00670 ,PIMS-TS ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objectives To describe the intensive care needs and outcome of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methodology This retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric emergency, pediatric intensive care unit (PICUs) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) hospital of a tertiary teaching and referral hospital in North India over a period of 5 months (September 2020 to January 2021). Clinical details, laboratory investigations, intensive care needs, treatment and short-term outcome were recorded. Results Forty children with median interquartile range age of 7 (5–10) years were enrolled. The common clinical features were fever (97.5%), mucocutaneous involvement (80%), abdominal (72.5%) and respiratory (50%) symptoms. Shock was noted in 80% children. Most cases (85%) required PICU admission where they received nasal prong oxygen (40%), non-invasive (22.5%) and invasive (22.5%) ventilation and vasoactive drug support (72.5%). The confirmation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure was in the form of positive serology (66.7%), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (10%), and contact with SARS-CoV-2 positive case (12.5%). The common echocardiographic findings included myocardial dysfunction (ejection fraction Conclusion Cardiovascular involvement and shock are predominant features in severe disease. Early diagnosis can be challenging given the overlapping features with other diagnoses. A high index of suspicion is warranted in children with constellation of fever, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular involvement alongwith evidence of systemic inflammation and recent or concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The short-term outcome is good with appropriate organ support therapies and immunomodulation.
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- 2021
16. Relation of lipoprotein(a) levels to incident type 2 diabetes and modification by alirocumab treatment
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J. Wouter Jukema, Josip Lukenda, Zuzana Motovska, Gregory Ducrocq, Victor Gurevich, Jacek Kubica, Miguel Urina, Peter Olexa, Andrzej Lubiński, Stefano Romeo, Francisco Marin, Siniša Car, Manjinder Singh Sandhu, Nattawut Wongpraparut, Yaroslav Malynovsky, Morten Bøttcher, Philippe Gabriel STEG, Andreas Zirlik, Konstantin Nikolaev, Anton Povzun, Dedrick Jordan, Gunnar Gislason, José Ramón González Juanatey, Michael Szarek, Anthony MAthur, Philip Aylward, Adrian Wlodarczak, and Andrzej Budaj
- Subjects
Acute coronary syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Alirocumab ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,biology ,business.industry ,PCSK9 ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Hazard ratio ,Lipoprotein(a) ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,biology.protein ,Proprotein Convertase 9 ,business ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized Anticholesteremic Agents* Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology Double-Blind Method Humans Lipoprotein(a) Proprotein Convertase 9 Treatment Outcome ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
OBJECTIVE In observational data, lower levels of lipoprotein(a) have been associated with greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Whether pharmacologic lowering of lipoprotein(a) influences incident type 2 diabetes is unknown. We determined the relationship of lipoprotein(a) concentration with incident type 2 diabetes and effects of treatment with alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial alirocumab was compared with placebo in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Incident diabetes was determined from laboratory, medication, and adverse event data. RESULTS Among 13,480 patients without diabetes at baseline, 1,324 developed type 2 diabetes over a median 2.7 years. Median baseline lipoprotein(a) was 21.9 mg/dL. With placebo, 10 mg/dL lower baseline lipoprotein(a) was associated with hazard ratio 1.04 (95% CI 1.02−1.06, P < 0.001) for incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) by a median 23.2% with greater absolute reductions from higher baseline levels and no overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.85–1.05). At low baseline lipoprotein(a) levels, alirocumab tended to reduce incident type 2 diabetes, while at high baseline lipoprotein(a) alirocumab tended to increase incident type 2 diabetes compared with placebo (treatment–baseline lipoprotein(a) interaction P = 0.006). In the alirocumab group, a 10 mg/dL decrease in lipoprotein(a) from baseline was associated with hazard ratio 1.07 (95% CI 1.03−1.12; P = 0.0002) for incident type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute coronary syndrome, baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration associated inversely with incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab had neutral overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes. However, treatment-related reductions in lipoprotein(a), more pronounced from high baseline levels, were associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Whether these findings pertain to other therapies that reduce lipoprotein(a) is undetermined.
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- 2021
17. Neurenteric Cyst Masquerading as Acute Flaccid Paralysis in a 2-Month-Old Infant
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Manjinder Singh Randhawa, John Vimal Vincent, Sushanta K. Sahoo, Pravin Salunke, Pragna Hc, and Debajyoti Chatterjee
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Acute flaccid paralysis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Foramen magnum ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Cervicomedullary Junction ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Cyst ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurenteric cyst ,business ,Meningitis ,Upper limb weakness ,Intradural extramedullary ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Neurenteric cysts rarely present in infancy. Compressive myelopathy or meningitis are the usual presenting features of these cysts in infants. Case Description We discuss a case of intradural extramedullary neurenteric cyst at the cervicomedullary junction in a 2-month-old infant who presented with features of acute onset flaccid upper limb weakness. The cyst was excised completely and the child improved. Conclusions Although rare, compressive lesions such as neurenteric cysts may present with acute flaccid paralysis in very young children. Differentiating from other causes and timely intervention bears an excellent outcome.
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- 2020
18. Twelve-month comparative analysis of clinical outcomes using biodegradable polymer–coated everolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer–coated everolimus-eluting stents in all-comer patients
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Raghava Sarma Polavarapu, Atul Abhyankar, and Manjinder Singh Sandhu
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,RD1-811 ,Polymers ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Retrospective ,Coronary Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Prosthesis Design ,Biodegradable polymers ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,0302 clinical medicine ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Diabetes mellitus ,Absorbable Implants ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Humans ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Everolimus ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,Stent ,Drug-Eluting Stents ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,RC666-701 ,Conventional PCI ,Original Article ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,Mace ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine whether clinical differences exist between the biodegradable polymer (BDP)–coated Tetrilimus everolimus-eluting stent (EES) and the durable polymer (DP)–coated Xience EES by comparing the major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate at 12 months in all-comer patients. Methods: This study was designed as a multicentre, observational, retrospective, investigator-initiated study between January 2016 and October 2016. Two hundred thirteen patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the BDP-EES were compared with 204 patients who underwent PCI with the DP-EES, irrespective of lesion complexity, comorbidities and acute presentation. The primary end point was MACE defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization. Results: Baseline clinical and lesion characteristics of both the groups were similar, although the BDP-EES group had a significantly higher number of patients with diabetes mellitus (39.9% vs. 30.4%; p = 0.042) and type C lesion (67.4% vs. 48.1%; p
- Published
- 2019
19. Reviving mitochondrial bioenergetics: A relevant approach in epilepsy
- Author
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Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Shareen Singh, Vivek Kumar Sharma, Manjinder Singh, Ashish K. Rehni, and Rupinder Kaur
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Excitotoxicity ,Biology ,Mitochondrion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Epileptogenesis ,Calcium in biology ,Neuronal action potential ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Premovement neuronal activity ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Epilepsy ,Ion Transport ,Neurodegeneration ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Mitochondria ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Molecular Medicine ,Calcium ,Energy Metabolism ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Epileptogenesis is most commonly associated with neurodegeneration and a bioenergetic defect attributing to the fact that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key precursor for neuronal death. Mitochondria are the essential organelle of neuronal cells necessary for certain neurophysiological processes like neuronal action potential activity and synaptic transmission. The mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts calcium homeostasis leading to inhibitory interneuron dysfunction and increasing the excitatory postsynaptic potential. In epilepsy, the prolonged repetitive neuronal activity increases the excessive demand for energy and acidosis in the brain further increasing the intracellular calcium causing neuronal death. Similarly, the mitochondrial damage also leads to the decline of energy by dysfunction of the electron transport chain and abnormal production of the ROS triggering the apoptotic neuronal death. Thus, the elevated level of cytosolic calcium causes the mitochondria DNA damage coinciding with mtROS and releasing the cytochrome c binding to Apaf protein further initiating the apoptosis resulting in epileptic encephalopathies. The various genetic and mRNA studies of epilepsy have explored the various pathogenic mutations of genes affecting the mitochondria functioning further initiating the neuronal excitotoxicity. Based on the results of previous studies, the recent therapeutic approaches are targeting basic mitochondrial processes, such as energy metabolism or free-radical generation, or specific interactions of disease-related proteins with mitochondria and hold great promise to attenuate epileptogenesis. Therefore, the current review emphasizes the emerging insights to uncover the relation between mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation contributing to mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures.
- Published
- 2020
20. RELATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
- Author
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Amit Kumar and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Serum uric acid ,medicine ,Essential hypertension ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Hypertension is due to increased oxidative stress.As urate is natural anti-oxidant,increase in level of hypertension is a case or effect of raised uric acid level.Aim:Aim of the present study was to evaluate serum uric acid levels in cases of Essential Hypertension and comparison with normal controls in different grades of hypertension. Material and Methods: 100 subjects were taken out of which 50 were normal healthy control groups and 50 were of Essential Hypertension. Hypertensive subjects were further subdivided into 2 groups based on the level of Blood Pressure(JNC7). Results: Mean serum Uric Acid levels is found to be 4.8 mg/dl in 50 controls and 5.7 mg/dl in 50 cases of Essential Hypertension, 5.5 mg/dl in stage 1 hypertension(BP=140-159mmHg) and 5.8759 in stage 2 hypertension (BP>160mmHg).Conclusion:It is seen that hypertension is related to rise in mean serum uric acid levels and this rise is directly related to severity of hypertension.Randomized control trials need to be done to see whether lowering serum uric acid level will ameliorate the level of blood pressure.
- Published
- 2021
21. Nanotechnology Enabled Solutions to Combat Covid-19: Prevention, Treatment, and Diagnosis
- Author
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Pankaj Musyuni, Ramesh K. Goyal, Geeta Aggarwal, Manjinder Singh, and Manju Nagpal
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Nanotechnology ,Disease ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,010608 biotechnology ,Pandemic ,Vaccine Development ,Medicine ,Humans ,Personal protective equipment ,Pandemics ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Multiple applications ,COVID-19 ,Effective management ,Clinical trial ,Drug repositioning ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Changes in human lifestyles and environmental deterioration globally causes emergence of new viruses posing research challenges. Recent outburst of disease COVID-19 (nCoV19) is a recent example wherein effective management of virus using conventional medication or adopting preventive and effective diagnostic measures is a challenge. While many ongoing strategies from vaccine development to drug repurposing, are currently being investigated, a targeted approach with nanotechnology can be helpful to meet the demand for preventive and diagnostic measures. The significant results of nanotechnology in resolving better efficacy in pharmaceutical drugs is expected to be helpful in combating nCoV19 by using nanotechnology-based solutions preventive, treatment, and diagnosis. As vaccine development involves long clinical trial procedures, preventive measures such as masks, disinfectants, sanitizers, and personal protective equipment's are gaining popularity for effective management. The present write-up addresses the dire need of the nanotechnology-based solutions in present pandemic and studies of the ongoing innovation and existing patents for developing better solutions. Multiple applications of nanotechnology is expected to be helpful in preventive and diagnostic measures, immune response modulation and immunity boosters along with projecting a pathway for industry and academic researchers for addressing such pandemic.
- Published
- 2020
22. Association between ECG Abnormalities and Severity of Intracranial Lesions - Hospital based Study
- Author
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Varinder Kumar, Gurpreet Singh, and Manjinder Singh Maan
- Subjects
Hospital based study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Intracranial lesions ,Medicine ,Association (psychology) ,business - Published
- 2020
23. Estradiol Benzoate Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Male Rats: Biochemical and Morphological Observations
- Author
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Harpal S. Buttar, Sarvpreet Singh Ghuman, Amrit Pal Singh, Manjinder Singh, Tajpreet Kaur, and Devendra Pathak
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Kidney ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Thiobarbituric acid ,Renal function ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydroxyproline ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Estradiol benzoate ,medicine ,Uric acid ,business ,Lipid profile ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Obesity-induced renal dysfunction is a potential risk factor for causing cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of estradiol benzoate in high fat diet (HFD)-induced renal dysfunction in male rats. Six groups of rats (7 animals/group) were randomly assigned to different treatment groups. Adult male and female rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) containing 30% fat for 12 consecutive weeks. One group of male rats simultaneously received daily injections of estradiol benzoate (50 and 100 µg/kg/day, i.p.) over 12 weeks. HFD-induced obesity was assessed by calculating obesity index, adiposity index, and serum lipid profile. Renal function was determined by measuring creatinine clearance, serum urea, uric acid, electrolytes, and microproteinuria. Serum estradiol level and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured using standardized techniques. Hydroxyproline content was quantified in the kidneys to estimate collagen deposition. Renal oxidative stress was measured through quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation and reduced glutathione levels. Hematoxylin and Eosin and special Picrosirius red staining of the isolated kidney tissues was done to observe changes in gross morphology, glomerular volume and collagen content, respectively. As opposed to the control group, HFD-fed rats demonstrated significant increase in obesity and adiposity indices, lipid profile, SBP and renal dysfunction along with increased hydroxyproline content and oxidative stress in the renal tissues. HFD also caused marked increase in SBP in both sexes. Biochemical and histological studies revealed that the males exposed to HFD were more susceptible to renal dysfunction than females. However, estradiol benzoate administration to male rats showed protection against HFD-induced renal dysfunction accompanied by significant reductions of SBP, renal oxidative stress and fibrosis. It is concluded that estradiol protects against HFD-induced hypertension and renal dysfunction in male rats. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first ones to report the renal protective action of estradiol in male rats exposed to chronically fed HFD. While the findings of this study cannot be directly extrapolated to humans, nevertheless, the renoprotective effects of estradiol warrant verification in obese men suffering from acute renal malfunction.
- Published
- 2020
24. Gold Nanoparticles- Boon in Cancer Theranostics
- Author
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Mehak Jindal, Manju Nagpal, Geeta Aggarwal, Gitika Arora Dhingra, and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
Metal Nanoparticles ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Nanocages ,In vivo ,Neoplasms ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Precision Medicine ,Cytotoxicity ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Nanoshells ,Cancer ,Photothermal therapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,0104 chemical sciences ,Review article ,Colloidal gold ,Drug delivery ,Cancer research ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Background: Cancer is the world’s second-largest cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million fatalities in 2018. Malignant tumour (cancer) is caused by a mixture of genetic modifications due to the environmental variables that tend to activate or inactivate different genes, ultimately resulting in neoplastic transformations. Cancer is a multi-stage process that results from the conversion of the ordinary cells to tumour cells and progresses from a pre-cancer lesion to abnormal growth. Methods: Chemotherapy inhibits the ability of the cells to divide rapidly in an abnormal manner, but this treatment simultaneously affects the entire cellular network in the human body leading to cytotoxic effects. In this review article, the same issue has been addressed by discussing various aspects of the newer class of drugs in cancer therapeutics, i.e., Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) from metal nanoparticle (NP) class. Results: Metal NPs are advantageous over conventional chemotherapy as the adverse drug reactions are lesser. Additionally, ease of drug delivery, targeting and gene silencing are salient features of this treatment. Functionalized ligand-targeting metal NPs provide better energy deposition control in tumour. AuNPs are promising agents in the field of cancer treatment and are comprehensively studied as contrast agents, carriers of medicinal products, radiosensitizers and photothermal agents. For the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, AuNPs are used and also tend to enhance tumour imaging in vivo for a variety of cancer types and diseased organs. Conclusion: The first part of the review focuses on various nano-carriers that are used for cancer therapy and deals with the progression of metal NPs in cancer therapy. The second part emphasizes the use of nanotechnology by considering the latest studies for diagnostic and therapeutic properties of AuNPs. AuNPs present the latest studies in the field of nanotechnology, which leads to the development of early-stage clinical trials. The next part of the review discusses the major features of five principal types of AuNPs: gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, gold nanospheres, gold nanocages, and gold nanostars that have their application in photothermal therapy (PTT).
- Published
- 2019
25. Acute effects of diets rich in almonds and walnuts on endothelial function
- Author
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Manjinder Singh Sandhu, Harvinder S. Dod, Abnash C. Jain, R. K. Bedi, Navin C. Nanda, Rakesh Sharma, Gregory W. Konat, H K Chopra, Ravindra Bhardwaj, and Sachin Dod
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Acute effects ,Almonds ,RD1-811 ,sVCAM ,Juglans ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Nuts ,Plant Oils ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,MUFA ,Food science ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Flow mediated dilation (FMD) ,Biochemical markers ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cross-Over Studies ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Walnuts ,business.industry ,Vascular inflammation ,Significant difference ,food and beverages ,medicine.disease ,Prunus dulcis ,Intervention studies ,Diet ,Vasodilation ,Endothelial Function ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,RC666-701 ,Female ,Surgery ,Clinical and Preventive Cardiology ,Endothelium, Vascular ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,PUFA ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Objective: Omega-3 fatty acids, especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which are present in nuts may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, by changing vascular inflammation and improving endothelial dysfunction. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acute effects of two different diets, one containing walnuts and the other almonds on endothelial function. Methods: Twenty-seven overweight volunteers underwent a randomized 2-period, crossover, controlled intervention study. The subjects were given either walnut or almond diets which varied in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. The walnut diet provided 23.1% energy from PUFA and the almond diet provided 7.6% energy from PUFA. Endothelial function was assessed physiologically by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and biochemically by sVCAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules). Results: The walnut diet significantly improved FMD (p = 0.004) and decreased sVCAM (p = 0.009) whereas the almond diet tended to improve FMD (p = 0.06) and significantly decreased sVCAM (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Both walnut and almond diets improved FMD and sVCAM and there was no significant difference in physiological and biochemical markers between the two diets. Keywords: Almonds, Walnuts, Endothelial Function, sVCAM, Flow mediated dilation (FMD), MUFA, PUFA
- Published
- 2018
26. Assessment of Clinical Effectiveness of Various Drugs in the Patients of Allergic Rhinitis visiting Tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab, India
- Author
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Manjinder Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, and Rachna Dhingra
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Otorhinolaryngology ,business.industry ,Clinical effectiveness ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,Tertiary care hospital ,business - Published
- 2017
27. B-PO02-053 REDUCTION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON LONG TERM OUTCOMES
- Author
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Ramsey Kalil, Bruce B. Lerman, Manjinder Singh Kandola, Jiwon Kim, Jim W. Cheung, Guillaume Bassil, Nishi Patel, Kevin K. Manocha, and Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal strain ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pacemaker implantation ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Long term outcomes ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,In patient ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Reduction (orthopedic surgery) - Published
- 2021
28. B-PO01-021 RARE GENETIC VARIANTS AND ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH NONISCHEMIC AND ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: AN EXOME-WIDE POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS
- Author
-
Jim W. Cheung, Scott Kulm, Manjinder Singh Kandola, Bruce B. Lerman, and Olivier Elemento
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ischemic cardiomyopathy ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Genetic variants ,Cardiology ,In patient ,Population based ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Exome - Published
- 2021
29. Femoral arterial catheters for hemodynamic monitoring in infants: Is it time to look more peripheral?
- Author
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Manjinder Singh Randhawa and Karthi Nallasamy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,Medicine ,Hemodynamics ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,Arterial catheter ,business ,Peripheral - Published
- 2021
30. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-Phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives as polyfunctional compounds against Alzheimer’s disease
- Author
-
Manjinder Singh, Maninder Kaur, Bhawna Vyas, and Om Silakari
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Aché ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Organic Chemistry ,Pharmacology toxicology ,Disease ,01 natural sciences ,language.human_language ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Design synthesis ,Biochemistry ,Glycation ,medicine ,language ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Biological evaluation - Abstract
Polyfunctional compounds comprise a novel class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases. A series of 2-Phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one and its derivatives (5a–n) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their poly-functionality against acetylcholinestrase (AChE) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The screening results showed that most of them exhibited a significant ability to inhibit AChE AGEs formation with additional radical scavenging activity. Especially, 5m, 5b, and 5j displayed the greatest ability to inhibit AChE (IC50 = 8.0, 8.2, and 11.8 nM, respectively) and AGEs formation (IC50 = 55, 79, and 54 µM, respectively) with good antioxidant activity. Molecular docking studies explored the detailed interaction pattern with active, peripheral, and mid-gorge sites of AChE. These compounds, exhibiting such multiple pharmacological activities, can be further taken a lead for the development of potent drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Published
- 2017
31. Evaluation of surgical fixation of paediatric diaphyseal long bone fractures in lower limb with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (Esin)
- Author
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Manjinder Singh, Kamal Kumar Arora, Rajan Sharma, Simranjit Singh, Priti Chaudhary, and Rajesh Kapila
- Subjects
Femur fracture ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Long bone ,Lower limb ,law.invention ,Surgery ,Intramedullary rod ,Fixation (surgical) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,law ,Orthopedic surgery ,medicine ,Tibial fracture ,Major complication ,business - Abstract
Femoral shaft fractures account for 1.6% of all paediatric injuries. The best treatment for children between five to sixteen years of age is still questioned. patients in this transitional age group have high risk of shortening and mal union when conservative measures are used Fixation with flexible intramedullary nails have become a trendy technique, for stabilizing femoral fractures in school aged children. The present study consisted of 25 cases with diaphyseal lower limb fractures of either gender within age group 5-16 years, admitted in Orthopaedics Department of a tertiary care hospital of Punjab and were treated with elastic stable intramedullary nail. RTA accounted for 92% cases. Isolated femur fracture was seen in 40% cases. 8% cases also had ipsilateral tibial fracture with it & 52% had only tibial shaft fractures. Transverse fracture was observed in 56% cases. All cases were fixed with elastic titanium nail. Minor complications, as per Flynn’s criteria were seen in 12% cases. No case developed any major complication. Excellent results were obtained in 76% cases and satisfactory results were obtained in the remaining 24% cases.
- Published
- 2017
32. Comparative Study to Assess Clinical Efficacy of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist and Antihistamines in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
- Author
-
Manjinder Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, and Rachna Dhingra
- Subjects
Histamine Antagonists ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Nasal congestion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Levocetirizine ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Montelukast ,Chlorpheniramine Maleate ,Desloratadine ,Fexofenadine ,business.industry ,Leukotriene receptor ,lcsh:R ,General Engineering ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology ,lcsh:RF1-547 ,Anesthesia ,Leukotriene Antagonists ,medicine.symptom ,Irritation ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction Pharmacologic treatment options for allergic rhinitis include intranasal corticosteroids, oral and topical antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal cromolyn, intranasal anticholinergics and leukotriene receptor antagonists. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonist and antihistamines in relieving nasal congestion/ obstruction symptom and itching /irritation in eyes. Material and Methods The study was conducted among 125 patients clinically diagnosed suffering from allergic rhinitis Patients were divided into 5 groups and were given oral treatment with oral antihistamines (chlorpheniramine maleate, levocetrizine, fexofenadine, desloratadine) and leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) for a period of 6 weeks. The results were tabulated and analyzed by Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test with p value
- Published
- 2017
33. An Efficient and Practical Process for the Synthesis of Glimepiride
- Author
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Dinesh Kumar Tanwar, Manjinder Singh Gill, and Vaghela Ravikumar Surendrabhai
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Carbamate ,010405 organic chemistry ,medicine.drug_class ,Aryl ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Organic Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Sulfonylurea ,0104 chemical sciences ,Sulfonamide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glimepiride ,chemistry ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Phosgene ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A novel and simple approach to the synthesis of glimepiride is reported. It involves the preparation of a carbamate of 3-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one, followed by its reaction with 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamide to produce the intermediate sulfonamide. This sulfonamide, upon reaction with phenyl (trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)carbamate, gave glimepiride. This process avoids the use of phosgene, isocyanates, or chloroformates. Furthermore, sulfonation of the aryl group was eliminated, rendering the product free of the impurities reported in earlier processes.
- Published
- 2017
34. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted Hydantoins from Carbamates
- Author
-
Manjinder Singh Gill, Dinesh Kumar Tanwar, and Anjali Ratan
- Subjects
Ethotoin ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Reagent ,Yield (chemistry) ,Organic Chemistry ,One-pot synthesis ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A novel and simple approach for the preparation of 3-substituted, 5-substituted, or 3,5-disubstituted hydantoins is reported. It involves the reaction of α-amino methyl ester hydrochlorides with carbamates to yield the corresponding ureido derivatives, which subsequently cyclize under basic conditions to produce substituted hydantoins in good yields. By applying this method, the bioactive anticonvulsant drug ethotoin was synthesized in good yield. The process avoids conventional multistep protocols and does not use the hazardous, irritant, toxic, or moisture-sensitive reagents, such as isocyanates or chloroformates, that are commonly used for the synthesis of these important compounds.
- Published
- 2017
35. Oxindole-based SYK and JAK3 dual inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: designing, synthesis and biological evaluation
- Author
-
Maninder Kaur, Om Silakari, and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
Male ,Models, Molecular ,0301 basic medicine ,Indoles ,Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ,Syk ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Pharmacology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Syk Kinase ,Oxindole ,Rats, Wistar ,Kinase ,business.industry ,Janus Kinase 3 ,Stereoisomerism ,medicine.disease ,Arthritis, Experimental ,In vitro ,Oxindoles ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Docking (molecular) ,Antirheumatic Agents ,Drug Design ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Pharmacophore ,business - Abstract
Aim: Autoimmune disorders have complex pathophysiology and focus is laid on the development of multitargeted agents. Two well-established kinases: SYK and JAK3, were considered to design dual inhibitors as potential therapeutics using various molecular-modeling approaches. Mehodology: Pharmacophore models for SYK and JAK3 were generated using oxindole-based inhibitors. Furthermore, an in-house database was designed that was screened against the best selected models. The obtained hits were employed for docking analysis and subjected to MM-GBSA analysis and molecular dynamic simulation. Results: Top five oxindole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro SYK and JAK3 activity. The most active compound 4a was evaluated for in vivo antiarthritic activity. It showed significant anti-arthritic activity. Conclusion: Thus, the designed inhibitors resulted in potential therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Published
- 2017
36. Transient Erythroblastopenia
- Author
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Shano Naseem, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Deepti Suri, Manjinder Singh Randhawa, and Surjit Singh
- Subjects
business.industry ,Macrophage Activation Syndrome ,Infant ,Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ,Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital ,medicine.disease ,Transient erythroblastopenia ,Rheumatology ,Macrophage activation syndrome ,Immunology ,medicine ,Humans ,Kawasaki disease ,business - Published
- 2020
37. Lock Stock and Barrel of Wound Healing
- Author
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Manjinder Singh, Gitika Arora Dhingra, Geeta Aggarwal, Manju Nagpal, and Malkiet Kaur
- Subjects
Chronic wound ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Polymers ,Population ,02 engineering and technology ,World health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Wound care ,Individual health ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Drug Discovery ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Wound Healing ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bandages ,Review article ,Nanostructures ,Wounds and Injuries ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Wound healing - Abstract
Any kind of injury may lead to wound formation. As per World Health Organization Report, “more than 5 million people die each year due to injuries. This accounts for 9% of the world’s population death, nearly 1.7 times the number of fatalities that result from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. In addition, ten million people suffer from non-fatal injuries which require treatment”. This scenario leads to increased health and economic burden worldwide. Rapid wound healing is exigent subject-field in the health care system. It is imperative to be updated on wound care strategies as impaired wound healing may lead to chronic, non-healing wounds and thus further contributes to the national burden. This article is a comprehensive review of wound care strategies. The first and second part of this review article focuses on the understanding of wound, its types and human body’s healing mechanism. Wound healing is natural, highly coordinated process that starts on its own, immediately after the injury. However, individual health condition influences the healing process. Discussion of factors affecting wound healing has also been included. Next part includes the detailed review of diverse wound healing strategies that have already been developed for different types of wound. A detailed description of various polymers that may be used has been discussed. Amongst drug delivery systems, oligomers, dendrimers, films, gels, different nano-formulations, like nanocomposites, nanofibers, nanoemulsions and nanoparticles are discussed. Emphasis on bandages has been made in this article.
- Published
- 2019
38. Corrigendum and Editorial Warning Regarding Use of the MMAS-8 Scale (A Remote Medication Monitoring System for Chronic Heart Failure Patients to Reduce Readmissions: A Two-Arm Randomized Pilot Study)
- Author
-
Manjinder Singh Kandola, Fidencio Saldana, Kamal Jethwani, Timothy M. Hale, and Joseph C. Kvedar
- Subjects
Male ,self-management ,Scale (ratio) ,telehealth ,medication management ,Health Status ,Medication adherence ,Health Informatics ,Pilot Projects ,Telehealth ,Patient Readmission ,Medication Adherence ,complex medication regimens ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,self-care ,ED visits ,medicine ,Humans ,Medication monitoring ,Aged ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Heart Failure ,Original Paper ,Self-management ,business.industry ,hospitalization length of stay ,telemonitoring ,medicine.disease ,Corrigenda and Addenda ,Telemedicine ,Hospitalization ,Self Care ,Research Design ,Heart failure ,Chronic Disease ,Self care ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Medical emergency ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital - Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition affecting nearly 5.7 million Americans and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. With an aging population, the cost associated with managing HF is expected to more than double from US $31 billion in 2012 to US $70 billion by 2030. Readmission rates for HF patients are high—25% are readmitted at 30 days and nearly 50% at 6 months. Low medication adherence contributes to poor HF management and higher readmission rates. Remote telehealth monitoring programs aimed at improved medication management and adherence may improve HF management and reduce readmissions. Objective The primary goal of this randomized controlled pilot study is to compare the MedSentry remote medication monitoring system versus usual care in older HF adult patients who recently completed a HF telemonitoring program. We hypothesized that remote medication monitoring would be associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, increased medication adherence, and improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to usual care. Methods Participants were randomized to usual care or use of the remote medication monitoring system for 90 days. Twenty-nine participants were enrolled and the final analytic sample consisted of 25 participants. Participants completed questionnaires at enrollment and closeout to gather data on medication adherence, health status, and HRQoL. Electronic medical records were reviewed for data on baseline classification of heart function and the number of unplanned hospitalizations and ED visits during the study period. Results Use of the medication monitoring system was associated with an 80% reduction in the risk of all-cause hospitalization and a significant decrease in the number of all-cause hospitalization length of stay in the intervention arm compared to usual care. Objective device data indicated high adherence rates (95%-99%) among intervention group participants despite finding no significant difference in self-reported adherence between study arms. The intervention group had poorer heart function and HRQoL at baseline, and HRQoL declined significantly in the intervention group compared to controls. Conclusions The MedSentry medication monitoring system is a promising technology that merits continued development and evaluation. The MedSentry medication monitoring system may be useful both as a standalone system for patients with complex medication regimens or used to complement existing HF telemonitoring interventions. We found significant reductions in risk of all-cause hospitalization and the number of all-cause length of stay in the intervention group compared to controls. Although HRQoL deteriorated significantly in the intervention group, this may have been due to the poorer HF-functioning at baseline in the intervention group compared to controls. Telehealth medication adherence technologies, such as the MedSentry medication monitoring system, are a promising method to improve patient self-management,the quality of patient care, and reduce health care utilization and expenditure for patients with HF and other chronic diseases that require complex medication regimens. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01814696; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01814696 (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/6giqAVhno)
- Published
- 2019
39. A perspective on medicinal chemistry approaches towards adenomatous polyposis coli and Wnt signal based colorectal cancer inhibitors
- Author
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Rambabu Gundla, Manjinder Singh Phull, Prathama S. Mainkar, and Surender Singh Jadav
- Subjects
Adenomatous polyposis coli ,Colorectal cancer ,Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Context (language use) ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Cell adhesion ,Wnt Signaling Pathway ,Colorectal Region ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,0303 health sciences ,Molecular Structure ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Wnt signaling pathway ,General Medicine ,TCF4 ,medicine.disease ,0104 chemical sciences ,Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Guanine nucleotide exchange factor ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of carcinogenic mortality in numbers only after lung and breast cancers. The mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene leads to formation of colorectal polyps in the colonic region and which develop as a malignant tumour upon coalition with patient related risk factors. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) of APC with Asef (A Rac specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor) overwhelms the patient's conditions by rapidly spreading in the entire colorectal region. Most mutations in APC gene occur in mutated cluster region (MCR), where it specifically binds with the cytosolic β-catenin to regulate the Wnt signalling pathway required for CRC cell adhesion, invasion, progression, differentiation and stemness in initial cell cycle phages. The current broad spectrum perspective is attempted to elaborate the sources of identification, development of selective APC inhibitors by targeting emopamil-binding protein (EBP) & dehydrocholesterol reductase-7 & 24 (DHCR-7 & 24); APC-Asef, β-catenin/APC, Wnt/β-catenin, β-catenin/TCF4 PPI inhibitors with other vital Wnt signal cellular proteins and APC/Pol-β interface of colorectal cancer. In this context, this perspective would serve as a platform for design of new medicinal agents by targeting cellular essential components which could accelerate anti-colorectal potential candidates.
- Published
- 2021
40. Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Following Single versus Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Biodegradable Polymer Coated Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in an All-comers Patient Population
- Author
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Ashok N. Bhupali, Atul Abhyankar, Nikhil Parikh, Jayesh Prajapati, Puneet Verma, Prakash Chandwani, Sharad R. Jain, Manjinder Singh Sandhu, Sudheer Saxena, and Padma K. Ramachandran
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Revascularization ,Coronary artery disease ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Cumulative incidence ,cardiovascular diseases ,Myocardial infarction ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Sirolimus ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Stent ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,Drug-Eluting Stents ,Thrombosis ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Conventional PCI ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Mace - Abstract
Background: Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to reduce the rate of acute complications and the need for subsequent revascularization in cases where single-vessels are treated. The performance of DES in patients with multivessel disease and complex lesions, however, remains controversial. This study assessed and compared clinical outcomes following single vs. multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), using the Supraflex sirolimus-eluting stent (SES), in an all-comers patient population. Methods: We conducted retrospective, multicenter, all-comers, observational study of 995 patients, who underwent either single-vessel PCI (n=769 patients; group-I) or multivessel PCI (n=226 patients; group-II), treated with the biodegradable polymer coated Supraflex SES, between July-2013 and May-2014 at nine different centers in India. Pre-specified primary endpoint, rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [defined as composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and non-target lesion target vessel revascularization (non-TL TVR)], was analyzed during 12 months after the post-index procedure. We also analyzed the incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) as a safety endpoint during the follow-up period, as defined by the Academic Research Consortium (ARC). Results: Of the whole study group, 1,242 lesions were treated in 995 patients (mean age 61.6±10.8 years; 80.0% male) with average stent length of 26.8±9.3 mm. Multivessel PCI patients were older, had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, were smoker, had a family history of coronary artery disease, previous stroke and previous PCI compared to single-vessel PCI patients. Follow-up was available in 99.0% (761/769) of patients with single-vessel intervention and 96.9% (219/226) of patients with multivessel intervention at the end of 12 months. In-hospital MACE was similar for both the groups [group-I, 3 (0.4%) vs. group-II, 1 (0.4%); p=1.000]. The observed MACE for group-I and group-II, at 30 days, 6 and 12 months follow-up were 9 (1.2%) vs. 2 (0.9%); p=1.000, 15 (2.0%) vs. 7 (3.2%); p=0.302 and 24 (3.2%) vs. 12 (5.5%); p=0.109, respectively. The cumulative incidence curves for MACE showed no significant differences between the two groups, at the end of 12 months (p=0.109). Conclusion: Our study shows that use of the Supraflex SES in single and multivessel coronary artery disease produces good clinical outcomes during 12 months of follow-up with a low rate of revascularization, despite complex lesion morphology.
- Published
- 2016
41. Mast cell stabilizers obviate high fat diet-induced renal dysfunction in rats
- Author
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Anudeep Kaur, Tajpreet Kaur, Devendra Pathak, Harpal S. Buttar, Amrit Pal Singh, Manjinder Singh, and Reena
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Ketotifen ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renal function ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Diet, High-Fat ,Kidney ,Histamine Release ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Mast Cells ,Rats, Wistar ,Blood urea nitrogen ,Pharmacology ,Acute kidney injury ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Lipid Metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Mast cell ,Rats ,Hydroxyproline ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Renal pathology ,Histamine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The present study investigated the infiltration of mast cells into the kidney tissue and the preventive role of mast cell stabilizers against high fat diet (HFD)-induced renal injury in rats. The animals were fed on HFD (30% fat) for 12 consecutive weeks to induce renal injury. The HFD-induced obesity was assessed by calculating obesity index, adiposity index, and estimation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoproteins in plasma. The renal dysfunction was evaluated by measuring creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, electrolytes and microproteinuria. The oxidative stress in renal tissues was determined by myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation and reduced glutathione level. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored using non-invasive blood pressure measuring apparatus. Histamine and hydroxyproline contents were quantified in renal tissues. Gross histopathological changes, mast cell density and collagen deposition in the renal tissue was determined by means of histopathology. The mast cell stabilizers, sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen were administered daily for 12 weeks. The HFD fed rats demonstrated significant increase in lipid profile, kidney injury with marked increase in renal oxidative stress, SBP, mast cell density, histamine content and hydroxyproline content that was attenuated by sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen treatment. Hence, the novel findings of this investigation suggest that HFD induced mast cells infiltration into kidney tissue seems to play an important role in renal pathology, and treatment with mast cell stabilizers serves as potential therapy in management of HFD induced renal dysfunction in rats.
- Published
- 2016
42. Sildenafil obviates ischemia-reperfusion injury–induced acute kidney injury through peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonism in rats
- Author
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Vinita Mohey, Nikkita Puri, Devendra Pathak, Tajpreet Kaur, Amrit Pal Singh, and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sildenafil ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Renal function ,Pharmacology ,Kidney ,Kidney Function Tests ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Sildenafil Citrate ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Rats, Wistar ,Blood urea nitrogen ,Renal ischemia ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,PPAR gamma ,Oxidative Stress ,Proteinuria ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Reperfusion Injury ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,cardiovascular system ,Epoxy Compounds ,Surgery ,business ,Reperfusion injury ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Background Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used clinically for treating erectile dysfunction. Few studies suggest sildenafil to be a renoprotective agent. The present study investigated the involvement of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in sildenafil-mediated protection against ischemia-reperfusion–induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Materials and methods The rats were subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) with 40 min of bilateral renal ischemia followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The renal damage was assessed by measuring creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, plasma uric acid, electrolytes, and microproteinuria in rats. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione levels were measured to assess oxidative stress in renal tissues. The hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out to demonstrate histopathologic changes in renal tissues. Sildenafil (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered 1 h before subjecting the rats to renal IRI. In a separate group, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), a PPAR-γ receptor antagonist, was given before sildenafil administration followed by IRI. Results The ischemia–reperfusion demonstrated marked AKI with significant changes in serum and urinary parameters, enhanced oxidative stress, and histopathologic changes in renal tissues. The administration of sildenafil demonstrated significant protection against ischemia-reperfusion–induced AKI. The prior treatment with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether abolished sildenafil-mediated renal protection, thereby confirming involvement of PPAR-γ agonism in the sildenafil-mediated renoprotective effect. Conclusions It is concluded that sildenafil protects against ischemia-reperfusion–induced AKI through PPAR-γ agonism in rats.
- Published
- 2016
43. Folic acid functionalized long-circulating co-encapsulated docetaxel and curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles: In vitro evaluation, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution in rats
- Author
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Rohani Prasad Burman, Harish Pawar, Charan Singh, Sunil Kumar Surapaneni, Kulbhushan Tikoo, Sarasija Suresh, and Manjinder Singh Gill
- Subjects
Biodistribution ,Curcumin ,Materials science ,Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Breast Neoplasms ,Docetaxel ,02 engineering and technology ,Pharmacology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Folic Acid ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacokinetics ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Solid lipid nanoparticle ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Tissue Distribution ,Rats, Wistar ,Drug Carriers ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Lipids ,Rats ,Drug Liberation ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,MCF-7 Cells ,Nanoparticles ,Female ,Taxoids ,0210 nano-technology ,Drug carrier ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop folic acid functionalized long-circulating co-encapsulated docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CRM) solid lipid nanoparticles (F-DC-SLN) to improve the pharmacokinetic and efficacy of DTX therapy. F-DC-SLN was prepared by hot melt-emulsification method and optimized by face centered-central composite design (FC-CCD). The SLN was characterized in terms of size and size distribution, drug entrapment efficiency and release profile. The cytotoxicity and cell uptake of the SLN formulations were evaluated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution were studied in Wistar rats. F-DC-SLN exhibited 247.5 ± 3.40 nm particle size with 73.88 ± 1.08% entrapment efficiency and zeta potential of 14.53 ± 3.6 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical morphology of the SLN. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the targeting efficacy of F-DC-SLN in MCF-7 cells. F-DC-SLN exhibited a significant increase in area under the curve (594.21 ± 64.34 versus 39.05 ± 7.41 μg/mL h) and mean residence time (31.14 ± 19.94 versus 7.24 ± 4.51 h) in comparison to Taxotere®. In addition, decreased DTX accumulation from F-DC-SLN in the heart and kidney in comparison to Taxotere may avoid to toxicity these vital organs. In conclusion, the F-DC-SLN improved the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of DTX exhibiting enhanced potential in optimizing breast cancer therapy.
- Published
- 2016
44. Preliminary Clinical Outcomes after Implantation of Newer-Generation Biodegradable Polymer-Coated Everolimus-Eluting Stent in 'Real-World' Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
- Author
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Harish Sanadhya, Vineet Malik, Manjinder Singh Sandhu, Paramu Mangalanandan, Asif Raheem, Rashmit Pandya, Bharat Chanana, and Shailendra Trivedi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Everolimus ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stent ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Coronary artery disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Restenosis ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,business ,Mace ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background and Objective: In the contemporary practice, the use of drug-eluting stents is still associated with low mortality benefits, restenosis and stent thrombosis. To address these issues, newer generation, thin-strut, biodegradable polymer coated stents has been designed. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess the safety and clinical performance of the Everoflex (Sahajanand Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Surat, India), a newer generation biodegradable polymer coated everolimus-eluting stent, in unselected “real-world” patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: It is a multicentre, retrospective, non-randomized, single-arm study enrolling all the consecutive patients who underwent implantation with the Everoflex for coronary artery disease from April 2014 to March 2016. The primary end-point of the study is 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rate, which consists of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization and target vessel revascularization. Stent thrombosis was also analyzed and reported. Results: A total of 340 patients were intervened successfully with 395 everolimus eluting stents (1.3 ± 0.6 stents per patient). Out of total patients (58.7 ± 10.5 years), 77.9% were male and comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension were observed in 31.2% and 35.3% patients, respectively. According to ACC/AHA classification, there were 34.4% type B lesions and 53.2% type C lesions, indicating a higher proportion of complexity involved. Moreover, 57.9% patients had multivessel disease and there were 15.4% total occlusions. At 30 days, follow-up was completed in 100% patients. The MACE was found to be 1.5%, which is a composite of 1.2% cardiac death and 0.3% target lesion revascularization. Stent thrombosis at 30 days was found to be 0.3%. Conclusion: The low incidence of MACE and stent thrombosis clearly depicts excellent safety and clinical performance of the Everoflex in unselected real world patients with coronary artery disease.
- Published
- 2016
45. Benign calcinosis cutis
- Author
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Tandra Harish Varma, Manjinder Singh Randhawa, and Devi Dayal
- Subjects
Calcinosis cutis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,MEDLINE ,medicine.disease ,business ,Dermatology ,Letter to the Editor - Published
- 2018
46. An echocardiographic study of cardiac functions in patients of severe anemia
- Author
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Manjinder Singh Sandhu and Saakshi Sarin
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,RD1-811 ,business.industry ,RC666-701 ,medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,In patient ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Severe anemia - Published
- 2017
47. Extent of resection and overall survival for patients with atypical and malignant meningioma
- Author
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Manjinder Singh Kandola, Mikael L. Rinne, Ossama Al-Mefty, Nils D. Arvold, Lakshmi Nayak, Patrick Y. Wen, Andrew D. Norden, Eudocia Q. Lee, David A. Reardon, Brian M. Alexander, Wenya Linda Bi, Ian F. Dunn, Ayal A. Aizer, and Rameen Beroukhim
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Malignant meningioma ,business.industry ,Population ,Hazard ratio ,Confounding ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Meningioma ,Oncology ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,education ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for patients with atypical and malignant meningioma is guarded; whether the extent of resection is associated with survival-based outcomes in this population remains poorly defined. This study investigated the association between gross total resection (GTR) and all-cause mortality in patients with atypical and malignant meningioma. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to identify 575 and 64 patients betweens the ages of 18 and 70 years who were diagnosed with atypical and malignant meningioma, respectively, between 2004 and 2009. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the adjusted impact of GTR versus subtotal resection on all-cause mortality. RESULTS Baseline patient characteristics were similar for patients who did undergo GTR and patients who did not undergo GTR. The 5-year overall survival rates were 91.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.2%-94.5%) and 78.2% (95% CI, 70.0%-84.3%) for patients with atypical meningioma who did and did not undergo GTR, respectively, and 64.5% (95% CI, 45.9%-78.1%) and 41.1% (95% CI, 17.9%-63.1%) for patients with malignant meningioma who did and did not undergo GTR, respectively. After adjustments for available, pertinent confounding variables, GTR was associated with lower all-cause mortality in patients with atypical (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23-0.67; P
- Published
- 2015
48. Normative Data for Median Nerve Conduction in Healthy Young Adults from Punjab, India
- Author
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Avnish Kumar, Sharat Gupta, Kamal Singh, and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,neuropathies ,peripheral neuropathy ,Population ,Motor nerve ,distal latency ,Nerve conduction velocity ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Young adult ,education ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Distal latency ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.disease ,Median nerve ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral neuropathy ,Anesthesia ,nerve conduction velocity ,median nerve ,Original Article ,Neurology (clinical) ,neurophysiology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Sensory nerve - Abstract
Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are essential for diagnosing various kinds of focal and diffuse neuropathies. Due to the paucity of local NCS data, electrodiagnostic laboratories in Punjab rely on values from Western and other Indian studies. Aim: This study was conducted to provide normative data for median nerve conduction parameters (motor and sensory) in Punjabi populace. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 290 participants (150 males and 140 females), aged 17–21 years, as per standardized protocol. The data were analyzed separately for both genders using SPSS version 20. It consisted of distal latencies and conduction velocities of motor and sensory divisions of median nerve. Student's unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no effect of gender on any of the median nerve conduction parameters. Height and weight had nonsignificant negative and positive correlation, respectively (P > 0.05), with conduction velocity in both motor and sensory median nerves. For median motor nerve, the values of distal latency and conduction velocity in males were 2.9 ± 0.16 ms and 60.25 ± 2.99 m/s, respectively, whereas, in females, they were 2.6 ± 0.43 ms and 59.83 ± 2.82 m/s. Similarly, for median sensory nerve, the latency and velocity values in males were 2.8 ± 0.56 ms and 54.81 ± 3.70 m/s, whereas, in females, they were 2.4 ± 0.33 ms and 54.56 ± 3.65 m/s, respectively. Conclusion: The data in this study compared favorably with already existing data. It would help the local electrodiagnostic laboratories in assessing the median nerve abnormalities with greater accuracy in this population subset.
- Published
- 2017
49. Study on Prevalence and It’s Contributing Factors of Psychoactive Substance Abuse among Homeless Children
- Author
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Prabhjot Saini, Jasbir Kaur, Pankaj Kumar, Kanika Thapar, and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Alternative medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease ,Substance abuse ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Snowball sampling ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Peer pressure ,education ,Psychiatry ,business ,Functional illiteracy ,Psychoactive substance abuse ,Male gender - Abstract
Homeless children are those who live alone on the street. UNICEF estimated that India has 18 million homeless children which is the largest population in the world. Use of psychoactive substance is particularly high in street children as seen in 40-70% of street children across various Indian cities are substance abusers. The study was conducted at District Ludhiana, Punjab. 60 Homeless children of age group 6-18 years were selected by snowball sampling. WHO Assist V 3.0 and a structured questionnaire were used to collect data. Findings reveals that 55 (91.7%) of the homeless children were psychoactive substance abusers with 14.95 ± 02.50 years as mean age of initiation of the substance abuse. Major factors to initiate substance abuse were enjoyment and peer pressure. Age (p=0.02), Male gender (p=0.43), Illiteracy (p=43) were associated with substance abuse among homeless children.
- Published
- 2017
50. Flavones: An important scaffold for medicinal chemistry
- Author
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Maninder Kaur, Om Silakari, and Manjinder Singh
- Subjects
Cell signaling ,Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Medicinal chemistry ,Flavones ,Antioxidants ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Neoplasms ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Flavone derivatives ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,Organic Chemistry ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,General Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Acetyl cholinesterase ,Protein Kinases ,Cell signaling pathways ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Flavones have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Also, flavonoids are found to have an effect on several mammalian enzymes like protein kinases that regulate multiple cell signaling pathways and alterations in multiple cellular signaling pathways are frequently found in many diseases. Flavones have been an indispensable anchor for the development of new therapeutic agents. The majority of metabolic diseases are speculated to originate from oxidative stress, and it is therefore significant that recent studies have shown the positive effect of flavones on diseases related to oxidative stress. Due to the wide range of biological activities of flavones, their structure-activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists. The outstanding development of flavones derivatives in diverse diseases in very short span of time proves its magnitude for medicinal chemistry research. The present review gives detail about the structural requirement of flavone derivatives for various pharmacological activities. This information may provide an opportunity to scientists of medicinal chemistry discipline to design selective, optimize as well as poly-functional flavone derivatives for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases.
- Published
- 2014
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