Search

The aim of this study is to assess the duration of levelling and aligning for different malocclusions in patients reporting for orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine the duration of levelling and aligning during the orthodontic treatment of class I, class II and class III malocclusion. A hospital based cross- sectional study was conducted. 2100 patients who reported to the orthodontic department of the institution from June 2019 to April 2020 were screened. The inclusion criteria was patients with orthodontic treatment in the levelling aligning stage, young adults, no previous history of orthodontic treatment and only conventional metal brackets with 0.022 MBT prescription. 100 patients with Class I malocclusion, 100 patients with Class II malocclusion and 100 patients with Class III malocclusion were included in the study. The duration of levelling and aligning for each patient was retrieved retrospectively from the stored logs of the digital archives of our institution. Individual tooth abnormalities were also recorded for each patient.One way analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the total sample had a mean duration of 3.55±1.668 months for levelling and aligning which was longer in patients with Class II and class III malocclusion compared to Class I malocclusion. Within the limits of the study, patients with Class I malocclusions usually complete their treatments faster than Class II and Class III patients with Class III and class II div 1 subdivision patients taking the longest time to complete their treatment.

The objective of this study was to assess pre-treatment quality of life and the relevant clinical variables in adult patients with malocclusion in order to improve orthodontic treatment strategies.The study was conducted in 240 consecutive adult patients with malocclusions divided into two groups: patients for whom an orthodontic treatment plan was considered, and patients for whom an orthognathic treatment plan was selected. Patients were examined between December 2015 and February 2017, at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. Malocclusion severity was recorded using the Peer Assessment Rating index pre-treatment score. Skeletal malocclusion parameters were measured using lateral cephalometric radiographs. Quality of life was assessed by means of a generic questionnaire (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36)), and the disease-specific Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ).There were significant differences in the mean values of the OQLQ domain scores between orthodontic and orthognathic patients. Patients for whom orthodontic treatment was planned had statistically significantly lower scores in comparison to those for whom orthognathic treatment was planned. This was the case in all OQLQ domains except for "Awareness of facial deformity". Statistically significant correlations (p0.05) were presented between OQLQ scores and following demographic and clinical variables: gender, age, malocclusion severity, maxillary and mandibular sagittal, maxillary vertical, and lower incisor positions, intermaxillary angle, and the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory levels. The independent predictors for the planning of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment in patients with malocclusion were two OQLQ domains, "Facial aesthetics" and "Awareness of facial deformity", as well as total OQLQ score, after adjustment for demographic characteristics, skeletal parameters, anxiety and depression.Our findings suggest that patients for whom orthodontic treatment was planned demonstrated better quality of life according to the OQLQ scores in comparison to those for whom orthognathic therapy was planned.Cilj te študije je bil oceniti kakovost življenja pred zdravljenjem in zadevne klinične spremenljivke pri odraslih pacientih z malokluzijo, da bi lahko izboljšali strategije zdravljenja.V študijo smo vključili 240 zaporednih odraslih pacientov z malokluzijo, ki smo jih razdelili na dve skupini: v prvi so bili pacienti, pri katerih je bil predviden načrt ortodontskega zdravljenja, pri drugi pa je bil izbran načrt ortognatskega zdravljenja. Bolnike smo pregledovali med decembrom 2015 in februarjem 2017 na Stomatološki fakulteti Univerze v Beogradu. Resnost malokluzije smo evidentirali z rezultatom pred zdravljenjem po indeksu PAR (Peer Assessment Rating). Parametre skeletne malokluzije smo izmerili na lateralnih cefalometričnih radiogramih. Kakovost življenja smo ocenili s splošnim vprašalnikom v kratki obliki s 36 izjavami glede medicinskih izidov (SF-36), in za bolezen specifičnim vprašalnikom o ortognatski kakovosti življenja (OQLQ).Pri povprečnih vrednostih rezultatov vprašalnika OQLQ je med ortodontskimi in ortognatskimi pacienti prišlo do pomembnih razlik. Pacienti, predvideni za ortodonsko zdravljenje, so imeli v primerjavi s pacienti, predvidenimi za ortognatsko zdravljenje, statistično pomembno nižje rezultate pri vseh elementih vprašalnika OQLQ, razen pri zavedanju obrazne deformacije. Pokazale so se statistično pomembne korelacije (p0,05) med rezultati OQLQ ter naslednjimi demografskimi in kliničnimi spremenljivkami: spol, starost, resnost malokluzije, sagitalni položaj maksile in mandibule, vertikalni položaj maksile, položaj spodnjih sekalcev, intermaksilarni kot, rezultati po Beckovi lestvici depresivnosti in Beckovi lestvici tesnobe. Neodvisni prediktorji za načrtovanje ortodontskega in ortognatskega zdravljenja pri pacientih z malokluzijo so bili dva elementa vprašalnika OQLQ – obrazna estetika in zavedanje obrazne deformacije, ter skupni rezultat OQLQ, in sicer po prilagoditvi glede na demografske značilnosti, skeletne parametre, tesnobo in depresijo.Naše ugotovitve kažejo, da je bila kakovost življenja pri pacientih, predvidenih za ortodontsko zdravljenje, glede na rezultate OQLQ boljša kot pri pacientih, predvidenih za ortognatsko zdravljenje.

Introduction: The article deals with the current problems of modern orthodontics, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of treatment of sagittal anomalies of bite, which are complicated by speech disorders, patients in the period of bite. The effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment is investigated, and their complex approach to the correction of this pathology is evaluated. Materials and methods: We were taken on the treatment of 47 children with temporary bite, aged 3 to 5 years old, who experienced dental anomalies in combination with organic dyslallia. Depending on the pathology of bite, patients were divided into subgroups A and B. Subgroup A included children with distal bite, to subgroup B - with mesial. According to the chosen method of orthodontic treatment, patients of experimental groups were additionally divided into 2 subgroups. In 1 subgroup included children, the treatment of which was carried out according to the proposed method, to 2 subgroups - according to the standard. The control group included 11 children with physiological bites of similar age without speech disorders. Results: The effectiveness of proposed schemes of orthodontic and logopedic rehabilitation was proved by clinical, anthropometric and functional indicators, which were determined prior to and at different times after starting treatment. Clinical efficacy of performed orthodontic treatment is established on the term of treatment, normalization of articulation motility, normalization of anthropometric indices, normalization of palatogram characteristics, indexes of functional activity of the tooth-jaw system, normalization of occlusal ratios of dentitions. Conclusion: Using the proposed method of orthodontic treatment (with the use of orthodontic equipment in combination with modified myogymnastics and facial tapping), the dynamics of all the studied parameters correlated with the timing of the pathology elimination and indicated an increased effectiveness of treatment in applying the proposed method, namely: all patients had normalization forms of dental arches, normalized indexes of width and length of the dental arc. Immediately after the end of the treatment, electromyographic indices were normalized and occlusive relationships restored. Similar indicators for those who were treated according to the standard method, although they showed positive dynamics, but differed both from the indicators of persons who were treated according to the proposed method, and from the indicators of the control group. Key words: maxillofacial area, malocclusions, sagittal anomalies, speech disorders, tapping

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system.Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle's classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform.Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle's class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

(1) Background—The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology of normal skeletal pattern individuals with different dental malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods—The CBCT images of bilateral TMJs in 67 subjects with skeletal class I and average mandibular angle (26 males and 41 females, age range 20–49 years) were evaluated in this study. The subjects were divided into class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 according to the molar relationship and retroclination of the maxillary incisors. Angular and linear measurements of TMJ were evaluated and the differences between the groups were statistically analyzed. (3) Results—Intragroup comparisons showed statistical differences for articular eminence inclination, the width of the glenoid fossa, the ratio of the width of the glenoid fossa to the depth of the glenoid fossa, the condylar angle, and the intercondylar angle between the malocclusion groups. The measurements of the glenoid fossa shape showed no significant difference between the left and right sides. Females showed more differences in the morphological parameters of TMJ between the three malocclusion groups than the males. (4) Conclusion—The present study revealed differences in the TMJ osseous morphology between dental class I and class II malocclusions in the normal skeletal pattern.

Objective: The interaction between skeletal class and upper airway has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, this relationship has not been clearly elucidated, with the heterogeneity of results suggesting the existence of different patterns for patients' classification, which has been elusive so far, probably due to oversimplified approaches. Hence, a network analysis was applied to test whether different patterns in patients' grouping exist. Settings and sample population: Ninety young adult patients with no obvious signs of respiratory diseases and no previous adeno-tonsillectomy procedures, with thirty patients characterized as Class I (0 4); and 30 as Class III (ANB

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the absence, presence and dynamics of mandibular third molar development and the occurrence and amount of late mandibular incisor crowding. Dental plaster casts and panoramic radiographs of 72 orthodontically untreated subjects from the Nittedal growth study, Norway were analyzed. The subjects were recalled for a checkup at 12, 15, 18 and 21 years of age. Mandibular incisor crowding was assessed using Little’s irregularity index and dental maturation of the third molars by the Cameriere’s index. The majority of the subjects (64%) had ≥1 mm increase in irregularity, 22% experienced an increase of 0.1–0.9 mm and 14% had unchanged or decreased irregularity. Incisor irregularity increased with age, regardless of absence or presence of third molars. The amount of change in incisor irregularity from 12 to 21 years did not differ significantly between subjects with hypodontia of third molars, extraction and those with third molars present. No differences were observed between erupted, unerupted or impacted third molars. No correlation was found between the amount of change in irregularity and maturation of the third molars. In conclusion, occurrence and amount of mandibular late incisor crowding is not significantly influenced by the presence of mandibular third molars or their development dynamics.

Head posture refers to the upright position of the head of a standing or sitting subject. The literature reports that head posture is affected by many factors. Objective: To evaluate differences in head posture according to craniofacial growth pattern. Methods: A total of 163 individuals (83 females and 80 males) were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to ANB angle as Class I, Class II, and Class III, and each group was divided further into three subgroups according to SN/GoGn angle as hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent. The patients were compared in terms of head posture measurements. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the main and interactive effects of vertical growth pattern and malocclusion type on the head posture of the patients. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference between malocclusion and face-type groups was observed in all head posture measurements (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Head posture is similar among subgroups of different malocclusion types separated by vertical growth pattern.

Dental implants are a common and successful option for the rehabilitation of edentulous areas. However, there are some limitations to their use. The present clinical report describes a 5-year follow-up of maxillary rehabilitation using an attachment-retained removable partial denture (RPD) associated with fixed partial denture (FPD) units as an alternative to orthodontic treatment associated with orthognathic surgery and dental implant placement. Rehabilitation with fixed prosthodontics associated with a removable partial prosthesis was proposed. For greater precision and stability, a gold attachment was prepared. The patient was very satisfied with the rehabilitation and has been clinically followed for 5 years. In cases where the use of dental implants and/or conventional FPDs is limited or not indicate the association between an FPD and an RPD by means of attachments remains an important alternative to conventional clasp-retained RPDs.

Por la importancia que reviste ampliar los conocimientos del odontólogo en esta área, la presente revisión bibliográfica propone como objetivo resumir las modificaciones del sistema estomatognático que se presentan en músicos que practican instrumentos de viento. Dentro de las anomalías bucales que más abundan en la literatura se encuentran distonía focal, xerostomía, faringitis, queilitis angular, herpes labial y maloclusiones de una gran prevalencia e impacto, dentro de las más frecuentes registradas en este tipo de músicos se encuentran: el resalte aumentado, el apiñamiento y la adaquia. El resalte aumentado es consecuencia de la presión que ejerce la boquilla en la cara palatina de los incisivos superiores, esto provoca que aumente la distancia entre la cara vestibular de los incisivos inferiores y la cara palatina de los incisivos superiores, en sentido anteroposterior (con las arcadas en oclusión). Se concluye que las presiones anormales que generan los instrumentos de viento sobre el aparato estomatognático, provocan una serie de alteraciones que pueden afectar la mucosa oral, los músculos implicados en la práctica instrumental y la oclusión dentaria., This bibliographical review proposes as an objective to summarize the stomatognathic system modifications that occur in musicians who play wind instruments. Among the oral anomalies that abound most in the literature are focal dystonia, xerostomia, pharyngitis, angular cheilitis, cold sores and malocclusions but the impact and high prevalence among this type of musicians are: the increased teeth protrusion, crowding and adaquia. The increased teeth protrusion is a consequence of the pressure exerted by the mouthpiece on the palatal surface of the upper incisors, increasing the anteroposterior distance between the upper and lower incisors (with arcades in occlusion). It is concluded that the abnormal pressures generated by wind instruments on the stomatognathic apparatus cause alterations that may affect the oral mucosa, the muscles involved in the instrumental playing and dental occlusion.

Introduction: A number of studies have indicated that only certain types of, such as proclined teeth, deep bite and anterior crossbite, can be considered risk factors for gingival recession. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the association between anterior crossbite and gingival recession. Materials and methods: We monitored 80 patients aged 18 - 52 with anterior crossbite in one or more teeth. 960 teeth were examined, of which 501 exhibited gingival recession. To determine the site of the crossbite intraoral examination was utilized. We visually ascertained the presence of gingival recession and measured it with a periodontal probe CP15(UNC15). Odds ratio and chi-square test were used to examine the association between anterior crossbite and gingival recession. Results were considered statistically significant at alpha ≤ 0.05. Results: Our results show no statistically significant relationship between the presence of gingival recession and anterior crossbite in the upper jaw (p>0.05), and a statistically significant association in the lower jaw (p< 0.05). The Odd Ratio (OR) values in all lower frontal teeth were higher than 1 and statistically significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The risk of gingival recession development is higher in teeth with anterior crossbite in the lower jaw. In the maxilla, there is no statistically significant relationship between crossbite and gingival recession occurrence.

Aim: To determine the need for orthodontic treatment in Ecuadorian adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in Cojitambo, 2017. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was made including 140 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, 50% males. For determining the prevalence of malocclusion, a visual clinical examination was performed to obtain the data required using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: 37.14% of the adolescents presented a minor malocclusion (without the need for treatment), 20% a definitive malocclusion (need for elective treatment), 30% a severe malocclusion (highly desirable treatment) and 12.86% a very severe malocclusion (mandatory treatment). No statistically significant differences were found by sex (p =0.53) or by age (p =0.05). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of adolescents who had a normal occlusion without the need of orthodontic treatment and the ones with the lowest prevalence were adolescents with very severe malocclusion that needed compulsory treatment, without differences by sex or age.

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of malocclusions in a sample of 4-5-year-old children. Methodology: 471 boys and girls participated in this observational cross-sectional epidemiological study. The presence of spacing, no spacing and crowding, anteroposterior, transverse and vertical occlusion relationships was assessed and analyzed. Results: Normal occlusal relationships were found in 35.6% of all children. Generalized spacing was found in 78.2% of the subjects, followed by no spacing in 16.1% and crowding in 5.7%, respectively. Class I canine relationship was found in 64.1% of the children, followed by Class II in 29.1% and Class III in 9.6%. A flush terminal molar relationship was found in approximately 70% of the children, followed by mesial and distal molar relationships equally distributed. An increased and decreased overjet was observed in 9.5% and in 4.9% of the children. An anterior cross-bite was documented in 6.4% of all the examined children. An unilateral posterior cross-bite and a bilateral posterior cross-bite were observed in 3.2% and in 1.5% of the sample. A posterior edge-to-edge bite was found in 1.9%. A normal overbite was found in 30.1% of all children; a deep bite with and without gingival contact was registered in 27% and in 8.5% respectively; an anterior open bite was seen in 7.2% of the children and a posterior open bite in 1.3%. The percentage of mandible lateral deviation cases is 2.5%. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of malocclusions with 64.4%, early attention may be given to orthodontic prevention measures.

Malocclusions are changes in the development of craniofacial structures of high prevalence. Associated risk factors are diverse and nutritional and non-nutritional suction habits are the most reported. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusions in the mixed dentition and to study possible association with practices of breastfeeding and suction habits among Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study involving a sample of 664 6-year-old children and their families was carried out. Data collection was done through interviews with mothers in the homes and oral examinations of children in schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Poisson regression with a robust estimator. The prevalence of overjet over 4 mm was 21.1% and of posterior crossbite was 12.2%; 91.9% of the children were breastfed, 79.0% used a nursing bottle and 49.4% used a pacifier. Significant and independent associations were observed between father’s unemployment, private school, interruption of breastfeeding before the fourth month and pacifier use with certain malocclusions. High rates of malocclusion were found in the studied sample. Socioeconomic conditions, breastfeeding practices and suction habits were shown to be statistically associated with their occurrence.

Objective: The present study aims at using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze the maxillomandibular characteristics present in adults with mandibular asymmetries and different sagittal jaw relationships. Methods: 360 patients were selected and divided into three groups (Class I, Class II, and Class III), with 120 individuals per group. The groups were then subdivided according to the intensity of lateral deviation of the gnathion point, into: 1) relative symmetry, 2) moderate asymmetry, and 3) severe asymmetry. Three planes of reference were established in the CBCT images and several measurements were taken to compare the bilateral skeletal differences between the intensities of asymmetry for the different sagittal jaw relationships. Results: When the groups were compared by the intensity of asymmetry, significant differences among patients with relative symmetry and moderate to severe asymmetry were found. This was especially noticed for severe asymmetry, suggesting that the deviation of the chin did not constitute the only morphological alteration for these patients, especially because a series of measurements showed significant bilateral differences. When comparing sagittal jaw relationships, the only significant finding was the vertical positioning of the gonion between Class II and III patients with severe asymmetry. Conclusions: When comparing the three sagittal jaw relationships with the same intensity of asymmetry, most maxillofacial aspects were quite similar. The only difference was found for patients with severe asymmetry, as the individuals with Class II showed greater bilateral difference in the vertical positioning of the gonion, when compared to patients with Class III. RESUMO Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), as características esqueléticas maxilomandibulares presentes em adultos com diferentes graus de assimetria mandibular e diferentes relações esqueléticas sagitais. Métodos: foram selecionados 360 pacientes, os quais foram divididos em três grupos, com 120 indivíduos cada (Classe I, Classe II e Classe III). Cada grupo foi, ainda, subdividido de acordo com a intensidade do desvio lateral do mento: 1) simetria relativa; 2) assimetria moderada; e 3) assimetria severa. Três planos de referência foram estabelecidos nas imagens de TCFC e várias medidas foram realizadas, sendo comparadas as diferenças esqueléticas bilaterais existentes entre os graus de assimetria em cada grupo, nas diferentes relações esqueléticas sagitais. Resultados: quando comparados os grupos pelos graus de assimetria, existiram diferenças significativas entre pacientes com simetria relativa e pacientes assimétricos, especialmente para a assimetria severa, sugerindo que o desvio do mento não constitui a única alteração morfológica para esses pacientes, especialmente porque uma série de medidas apresentou diferenças bilaterais significativas. Quando comparadas as relações sagitais entre si, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas, exceto para o posicionamento vertical do gônio entre as Classe II e III na assimetria severa. Conclusão: ao comparar a mesma intensidade de assimetria entre as diferentes relações esqueléticas sagitais, pouca diferença pôde ser observada. A única diferença encontrada foi em pacientes com assimetria severa, na qual os indivíduos com Classe II apresentaram maior diferença bilateral no posicionamento vertical do gônio, quando comparados àqueles com Classe III.

Background Pacifier sucking habit has been associated in the literature with alterations of dental occlusion, and it could be a predisposing factor for other poor oral habits among children. Orthodontic pacifiers have been introduced in the market aiming to reduce these disadvantages caused by the conventional type of pacifiers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of poor oral habits and malocclusions, after usage of orthodontic pacifiers in children with primary dentition. Methods A sample of 198 pre-school children, aged 3–5 years, (96 males and 102 females) who had exclusively used an orthodontic pacifier were included in order to assess the level of poor oral habits and the absence/presence of dental malocclusion. Firstly, children’s parents/legal guardians were given a validated questionnaire, then the children were clinically examined at a dental clinic. Results Most of the children (79.79%) had started using the orthodontic pacifier within the first 3 months of life, and the 43.49% of them continued using it over a period of 2 years. The recorded percentage for those who had used it throughout sleep was 89.39%. Mouth breathing during the night was reported for 36.04% of the children. Tongue thrust swallow affected 16.16% of the sample. The 5.56% of the data indicated the presence of fingersucking/thumbsucking habit. The noted percentages for children with lip biting, lingual interposition between teeth at rest and those with nail biting, were 5.56, 12.63 and 15.15%, respectively. The regression revealed a significant contribution between early start of using an orthodontic pacifier with the prevalence of fingersucking/thumbsucking (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.47, p = 0.0004). This also reported a noticeable increase of the malocclusion prevalence among the female gender (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.42–5.31), as well as those who were not exclusively breastfed (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.17–4.37). Conclusions Orthodontic pacifiers does not favor the development of poor oral habits, even if it has been used for a period of 2 years in children with primary dentition. Children who begin to use orthodontic pacifier between 0 and 3 months, are less likely to acquire fingersucking/thumbsucking habit. The use of an orthodontic pacifier appears not to be correlated with the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition, differently from what stated in literature about the conventional type of pacifier.

Introduction A limited amount of systematic literature reviews on the association between malocclusions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) summarize inconclusive results. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of malocclusions with OHRQOL in children. Methods Relevant studies were identified in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar and other databases. All studies with data on malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need and OHRQOL in children were included. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random effects models were used to estimate summary effect measures for the association between malocclusion and OHRQOL in a continuous and a categorical data analysis. Tests for heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity of results were performed. Results In total, 40 cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. Summary measures of the continuous data show that OHRQOL was significantly lowered in children with malocclusions (standardized mean difference (95 % CI] = 0.29 (0.19–0.38)). The summary odds ratio for having an impact on OHRQOL was 1.74 times higher in children with malocclusion than in children without malocclusions. Heterogeneity among studies was partly explained by malocclusion assessment, age of the children and country of study conduction. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for a clear inverse association of malocclusion with OHRQOL. We also showed that the strength of the association differed depending on the age of the children and their cultural environment. Clinical relevance Dentists benefit from understanding the patient differences regarding the impact of malocclusions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00784-015-1681-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the orthodontic treatment of malocclusions in dogs, a condition which can lead to cranio-mandibular and functional disorders of the stomatognathic system. The treatment involved the use of maxillofacialorthopaedic appliances, which type depended on the type of disorder and the degree of malocclusion. The applied treatment induced changes in the alveolar bone. Throughout the process of the treatment a great attention was paid to regular brushing off the orthodontic appliance using antiseptics for prophylactic prevention of inflammation of gingival tissue and the palate caused by food getting stuck in the spaces between the teeth.

Malocclusions are considered by the WHO as the third event by its prevalence and they represent a public health problem. Genetic and environmental risk factors such as abnormal oral habits are of vital importance to consider its frequency, duration and intensity in order to avoid creating specifi c changes in the occlusion. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusions and its association with risk factors, such as pernicious oral habits in a 2 to 15-yearold child population who requested dental care in the Venustiano Carranza peripheral clinic of the UNAM. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 147 children. Previously, the examiners who participated in the study were calibrated with a 98% concordance for pernicious habits and 92% for malocclusions. The epidemiologic information was recollected in one phase that comprised two stages to identify the presence of pernicious oral habits and diagnose the type of malocclusion. The statistical package SPSS 15 was used. Results: The prevalence of pernicious oral habits was 96.6%. The largest number of cases presented at age 4 and in the 6 to 11 years of age during the mixed dentition. Malocclusions were present in both genders with no significant difference. The habit with the highest prevalence was lingual interposition (66.2%); the second was lip suction (49.3%); the third was onychophagia (41.9%) and fi nally, mouth-breathing (31.8%). In regard to malocclusions, the most prevalent was open bite (35.1%) followed by lower anterior crowding (26.4%), upper anterior crowding (19.6%) and lastly, posterior crossbite (12.8%). There was an association between tongue thrusting and open bite (p < 0.000), and with mouth breathing-posterior crossbite (p < 0.012) and Angle class II (p < 0.008). Conclusions: Child population presents greater susceptibility to develop malocclusions during growth so preventive measures should be adopted during this stage. Key words: Pernicious habits, malocclusions, mixed dentition.

ResumenLas maloclusiones son consideradas por la OMS como el tercer evento por su prevalencia; éstas representan un problema de salud pública. Los factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales, como hábitos bucales nocivos son de vital importancia, considerar su frecuencia, duración e intensidad para evitar crear cambios específicos en la oclusión.ObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia de las maloclusiones y su asociación con factores de riesgo, como hábitos bucales nocivos en la población infantil de 2 a 15 años que solicitaron atención dental en la clínica Periférica Venustiano Carranza de la UNAM.MétodoSe realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 147 niños. Previamente se calibraron las personas que participaron en el estudio, con una concordancia del 98% para los hábitos nocivos y 92% en las maloclusiones. La información epidemiológica se levantó en una sola fase que constó de dos etapas para identificar la presencia de los hábitos bucales nocivos y diagnosticar el tipo de maloclusión. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS 15.ResultadosLa prevalencia de los hábitos bucales nocivos fue del 96.6%. El mayor número de casos se presentó a la edad de 4 y de 6 a 11 años durante la dentición mixta. Se presentó indistintamente de acuerdo con el género. El hábito de mayor prevalencia fue el de interposición lingual: 66.2%; en segundo lugar, succión labial: 49.3%; en tercer lugar, onicofagia: 41.9% y, por último, respiración bucal: 31.8%. En cuanto a las maloclusiones: mordida abierta, 35.1%; apiñamiento anteroinferior, 26.4%; apiñamiento anterosuperior, 19.6%, y mordida cruzada posterior, 12.8%. Se encontró asociación del hábito de interposición lingual y mordida abierta (p

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T16:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-06T16:44:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2176-94512014000400080.pdf: 408292 bytes, checksum: 216d1dba3abf9cc3c61f324c16ce157c (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) INTRODUÇÃO:as telerradiografias laterais são tradicionalmente solicitadas para planejamento ortodôntico, mas raramente utilizadas para avaliar assimetrias.OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar as telerradiografias laterais para identificar as alterações morfológicas esqueléticas e dentoalveolares existentes na má oclusão de Classe II subdivisão e compará-las com a morfologia existente nas más oclusões de Classe I e II.MÉTODOS:noventa telerradiografias laterais iniciais de adolescentes brasileiros de ambos os sexos, com idade cronológica entre 12 e 15 anos, foram divididas em três grupos randomizados e proporcionais: Grupo 1 (Classe I), Grupo 2 (Classe II) e Grupo 3 (Classe II subdivisão). A análise das telerradiografias laterais envolveu mensurações angulares, mensurações lineares horizontais e dois índices de assimetria, estipulados para o presente estudo.RESULTADOS:foi identificada, de acordo com o Índice de assimetria dentária (IAD), uma maior assimetria dentária inferior no Grupo 3. O Índice de assimetria mandibular (IAM) revelou menor assimetria esquelética e dentária no Grupo 2, maior assimetria esquelética no Grupo 1 e maior assimetria dentária inferior no Grupo 3.CONCLUSÃO:o IAD e o IAM mostraram maior assimetria dentária inferior no Grupo 3 do que nos Grupos 1 e 2. Esses resultados estão de acordo com os encontrados em outros métodos de diagnóstico, indicando que a telerradiografia lateral é um método aceitável para avaliar alterações morfológicas esqueléticas e dentoalveolares nas más oclusões. INTRODUCTION:Lateral cephalometric radiographs are traditionally required for orthodontic treatment, yet rarely used to assess asymmetries.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to use lateral cephalometric radiographs to identify existing skeletal and dentoalveolar morphological alterations in Class II subdivision and to compare them with the existing morphology in Class I and II relationship.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Ninety initial lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female Brazilian children aged between 12 to 15 years old were randomly and proportionally divided into three groups: Group 1 (Class I), Group 2 (Class II) and Group 3 (Class II subdivision). Analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs included angular measurements, horizontal linear measurements and two indexes of asymmetry that were prepared for this study.RESULTS:In accordance with an Index of Dental Asymmetry (IDA), greater mandibular dental asymmetry was identified in Group 3. An Index of Mandibular Asymmetry (IMA) revealed less skeletal and dental mandibular asymmetry in Group 2, greater skeletal mandibular asymmetry in Group 1, and greater mandibular dental asymmetry in Group 3.CONCLUSION:Both IDA and IMA revealed greater mandibular dental asymmetry for Group 3 in comparison to Groups 1 and 2. These results are in accordance with those found by other diagnostic methods, showing that lateral cephalometric radiography is an acceptable method to identify existing skeletal and dentoalveolar morphological alterations in malocclusions. State University of São Paulo School of Dentistry PUC State University of São Paulo School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

WOS: 000408383500007 PubMed ID: 28451737 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of malocclusions on facial attractiveness and to determine if it was correlated with the divine proportion. Standard frontal facial photos were taken from 335 subjects in natural head position. Facial attractiveness of the subjects was evaluated by 10 dental students using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). All of the evaluations were arranged in order, and 30 attractive subjects with the highest score and 30 nonattractive subjects having the lowest score were chosen. On the frontal photos of these subjects, 13 landmarks were determined and 12 ratios were measured. Two way ANOVA was used to determine the effects of malocclusions on facial attractiveness, Student's t test was used to compare the facial proportions of the attractive and nonattractive subjects, and one sample t test was used to define the relationships between the divine proportion and facial ratios. No statistically significant difference was found between malocclusion groups in terms of facial attractiveness. Of the 12 facial ratios, significant differences were found between attractive and nonattractive subjects regarding trichion-menton/nasion-menton, subnasale-menton/stomion-menton, nasion-subnasale/stomion-menton, nasion-subnasale/nasal width, and trichion-menton/right-left frontotemporale ratios. All of the ratios except nasion-subnasale/stomion-menton in the attractive group and subnasale-menton/stomion-menton and nasion-menton/nasion-trichion in the nonattractive group were found to be different from the divine proportion. Sagittal skeletal malocclusions evaluated by ANB angle are not effective on facial attractiveness. Facial ratios used in this study have little effect on attractiveness, and are different from the divine proportion.

a b s t r a c t Objective: Malocclusions are relative infrequently analysed in bioarchaeological investigations and if investigated the samples are very small. This research provides analysis of orthodontic anomalies of even 1118 individuals from the Late Antique (LA) and Early Mediaeval (EM) period. Aims were to describe the prevalence of orthodontic anomalies in this historical period and to analyse which orthodontic anomalies are best suitable for bioarchaeological investigations. Methods: 1118 skulls were examined for anomalies of tooth number, tooth displacement (rotation, malposition, diastema and crowding) as well as for malocclusions. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in the LA was 41.02% and 30.61% in the EM sample. Tooth displacement was noticed in 15.63% individuals from the LA and in 12.42% individuals from EM. About 26% of the LA sample and 7.19% of the EM sample were affected with tooth crowding and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Orthodontic anomalies affecting only one tooth or group of teeth are more suitable for examination in bioarchaeological investigations than orthodontic features requiring presence of both jaws and all or almost all teeth. Clinical investigation protocols and methodology should be adopted for bioarchaeological researches and international standards and recommendations should be established for this kind of investigation on skeletal remains.

Dentofacial disorders may potentially significantly affect the quality of life. Objectives of this study were to validate translated and culturally adapted Orthognatic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) on a cohort of Serbian patients with malocclusions.The questionnaire was validated in 111 consecutive patients with malocclusions, seen between December 2014 and February 2015 at the Clinic of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. Clinical validity was assessed comparing the mean scores for the four subscales of the OQLQ and mean PAR pre-treatment score. In order to assess whether the allocation of items in the subscales corresponds to their distribution in the original questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis with varimax rotation) was conducted.The results of the internal consistency analysis demonstrated good relationships between the items; Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four subscales were highly significant (p0.001) (0.88-0.91). All items were significantly correlated between baseline and the retest (6 weeks after). The correlations between the PAR and all four domains of the OQLQ were all significant (p0.01). The loading weights obtained in the exploratory factor analysis showed that this model revealed four factors with eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining the 64.0% of the cumulative variance. The majority of the items (86.4%) in the Serbian version of the OQLQ presented the highest loading weight in the subscales assigned by the OQLQ developer.The psychometric properties of the OQLQ (Serbian version) have exceptional internal consistency and reproducibility as an instrument for evaluation of dental malocclusions. Additionally, this questionnaire may be useful as a supplementary outcome measure in persons with malocclusions.Dentofacialne nepravilnosti lahko močno vplivajo na kakovost življenja. Cilj te študije je na podlagi kohortne raziskave med srbskimi pacienti z malokluzijo potrditi preveden in kulturno prilagojen vprašalnik o kakovosti življenja po ortognatskem kirurškem posegu (OQLQ).Vprašalnik je bil potrjen s 111 zaporednimi pacienti z malokluzijo, ki so med decembrom 2014 in februarjem 2015 obiskali Kliniko za ortodontijo (Fakulteta za dentalno medicino, Univerza v Beogradu). Klinična potrditev je bila dosežena s primerjavo povprečnih rezultatov štirih podlestvic vprašalnika in povprečnega nominalnega rezultata pred posegom. Opravljena je bila raziskovalna analiza dejavnikov (analiza glavnih komponent z rotacijami po metodi Varimax), da bi se ustrezno ovrednotila porazdelitev elementov v podlestivici, ki ustreza njihovi porazdelitvi v izvirnemu vprašalniku.Rezultati notranje analize skladnosti so pokazali dobro razmerje med elementi, predvsem so za štiri podlestvice pomembni koeficienti Cronbach alfa (p0,001) (0,88-0,91). Vsi elementi se se ustrezno ujemali med osnovnim in ponovnim preizkusom (6 tednov pozneje). Povezave med nominalnimi rezultati in vsemi štirimi domenami vprašalnika so bile pomembne (p0,01). Naležne teže, pridobljene z raziskovalno analizo dejavnikov, so dokazale, da je ta model prikazal štiri dejavnike z lastno vrednostjo višjo od 1, kar obrazloži 64,0% kumulativnega odmika. Večina elementov (86,4%) v srbski različici vprašalnika predstavlja najvišje naležne teže na podlestvicah, ki jih določa razvijalec vprašalnika.Psihometrične lastnosti vprašalnika OQLQ (srbska različica) imajo kot orodje za ovrednotenje dentalnih malokluzij izjemno notranjo doslednost in ponovljivost. Poleg tega je lahko ta vprašalnik zelo uporaben kot dopolnilno merilo izida kirurškega posega pri osebah z malokluzijo.

The prevalence of malocclusion was studied on the Hvar island, Croatia. This island is characterized by high rates of endogamy, inbreeding and reproductive isolation. The sample for this study comprised 224 children, 126 males and 98 females from all schools on the island of Hvar (20.2 per cent of the total public school population). The sample was selected according to age, sex distribution, and demographic characteristics. The Angle Classes, overjet, overbite, crowding, spacing, and the type of anterior bite were examined. Class I buccal relationship was found in 47.3 per cent of the subjects, Class II in 45.1 per cent, and Class III in 5.4 per cent. Normal overjet was the most frequent finding (69.9 per cent). Normal overbite was seen in 42.5 per cent, deep in 49.1 per cent, and very deep in 2.7 per cent of the cases. Open bite was diagnosed in seven subjects (3.1 per cent) and edge-to-edge bite in six (2.7 per cent). The frequency of crowding was 57.1 per cent, normal relationships were observed in 34.9 per cent, and spacing in 8 per cent. The results of this investigation showed that the inhabitants of Hvar, who are characterized by a high rate of inbreeding and traditional diet, have more Class II malocclusions, deep bites, and midline shifts than the general Croatian population but not higher than other modern urbanized groups. Since the lack of chewing stress in this population cannot be considered as the main explanation for the above phenomenon, the genetic influence on the development of these occlusal traits in the inbred population of Hvar requires further investigation.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of asymmetrical maxillary first molar (M1) extraction in Class II subdivision treatment. Materials and Methods: Records of 20 Class II subdivision whites (7 boys, 13 girls; mean age, 13.0 years; SD, 1.7 years) consecutively treated with the Begg technique and M1 extraction, and 15 untreated asymmetrical Class II adolescents (4 boys, 11 girls; mean age, 12.2 years; SD, 1.3 years) were examined in this study. Cephalometric analysis and PAR assessment were carried out before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and on average 2.5 years posttreatment (T3) for the treatment group, and at similar time points and average follow-up of 1.8 years for the controls. Results: The adjusted analysis indicated that the maxillary incisors were 2.3 mm more retracted in relation to A-Pog between T1 and T3 (β = 2.31; 95% CI; 0.76, 3.87), whereas the mandibular incisors were 1.3 mm more protracted (β = 1.34; 95% CI; 0.09, 2.59), and 5.9° more proclined to the mandibular plane (β = 5.92; 95% CI; 1.43, 10.41) compared with controls. The lower lip appeared 1.4 mm more protrusive relative to the subnasale-soft tissue-Pog line throughout the observation period in the treated adolescents (β = 1.43; 95% CI; 0.18, 2.67). There was a significant PAR score reduction over the entire follow-up period in the molar extraction group (β = −6.73; 95% CI; −10.7, −2.7). At T2, 65% of the subjects had maxillary midlines perfectly aligned with the face. Conclusions: Unilateral M1 extraction in asymmetrical Class II cases may lead to favorable occlusal outcomes in the long term without harming the midline esthetics and soft tissue profile.

Background and Objectives: Excessive overbite is one of the most common problems that confront the orthodontist. Deep bite can be due to infraocclusion of posterior teeth, supraocclusion of anterior teeth or a combination of the two. Correction of same can be carried out by extrusion of molars, intrusion of incisors or by a combination of both respectively. Various intrusion arches are recommended for correcting deep bite by true intrusion of anterior teeth, Utility arches, Segmental arch, Connecticut Intrusion Arch (CIA) and Connecticut New Arch (CNA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of CIA and CNA intrusion arches. Materials and Methods: Tracings recorded from pre and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 25 patients treated by CIA (Group I) and another 25 patients treated by CNA (Group II) intrusion arches in deep bite cases after four months of treatment were analysed and findings were recorded. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test was used to compare pre and post-treatment changes within Groups I and II and unpaired t-test was used to compare treatment changes between Group I and Group II. A P-value of < 0.05 was set for statistical significance. Results: Findings of this study demonstrate that an average of 1mm of intrusion takes place with CIA intrusion arch and 1.3mm with CNA intrusion arch in a period of 4 months. Both intrusion arches do not affect the position of molar in vertical or anteroposterior plane. Interpretation & Conclusion: Both CIA and CNA intrusion arches are effective in bringing about intrusion of lower incisors.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the stability of mandibular arch orthodontic treatment outcomes between passive self-ligating and conventional systems during 6 months of retention. Methods: Forty-seven orthodontic patients with mild to moderate crowding malocclusions not requiring extraction were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Patients (mean age 21.58 +/- 2.94 years) were randomized into two groups to receive either passive self-ligating (Damon (R) 3MX, n = 23) or conventional system (Gemini MBT, n = 24) orthodontic treatment. Direct measurements of the final sample comprising 20 study models per group were performed using a digital caliper at the debonding stage, and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after debonding. Paired t-test, independent t-test, and non-parametric test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant increase (p < 0.01) in incisor irregularity was observed in both self-ligating and conventional system groups. A significant reduction (p < 0.01) in second interpremolar width was observed in both groups. Mandibular arch length decreased significantly (p = 0.001) in the conventional system group but not in the self-ligating system group. A similar pattern of stability was observed for intercanine width, first interpremolar width, intermolar width, and arch depth throughout the 6-month retention period after debonding. Comparison of incisor irregularity and arch dimension changes between self-ligating system and conventional system groups during the 6 months were non-significant. Conclusions: The stability of treatment outcomes for mild to moderate crowding malocclusions was similar between the selfligating system and conventional system during the first 6 months of retention.

OBJETIVOS: o objetivo desse estudo foi buscar na literatura informações consistentes sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, permitindo aos clínicos acessar e compreender sua influência no processo de busca e tratamento de seus pacientes. MÉTODOS: foram pesquisadas as bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO e Cochrane Controlled Trials, entre 1980 e 2010. Foram encontrados 158 estudos que discutiam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. RESULTADOS: foram selecionados 30 estudos, sendo dois prospectivos longitudinais, duas revisões sistemáticas, cinco casos-controle, doze estudos epidemiológicos, cinco estudos transversais e três revisões de literatura, além da declaração da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A seleção baseou-se no objetivo de descrever os indicadores de qualidade de vida, e na metodologia utilizada nos estudos. CONCLUSÕES: o uso de indicadores de qualidade de vida na pesquisa odontológica e na clínica ortodôntica é de grande importância e auxílio no diagnóstico e planejamento; todavia, esses não substituem os índices normativos, devendo ser usados em caráter complementar OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to survey reliable information about quality of life as it relates to oral health in the literature, allowing clinicians to access and understand its influence on the process of finding and treating their patients. METHODS: The MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO and Cochrane Controlled Trials electronic databases were researched between 1980 and 2010 and 158 studies were found that discuss quality of life related to oral health. RESULTS: Thirty studies were selected: two prospective longitudinal studies, two systematic reviews, five case-control studies, twelve epidemiological studies, five cross-sectional studies and three reviews of literature, in addition to the Statement of the World Health Organization (WHO). The selection was based on the goal of describing the indicators of quality of life and the methodology used in the studies. CONCLUSIONS: The use of quality of life indicators in dental research and clinical orthodontics are extremely important and helpful in diagnosis and planning but do not replace standard indexes and should be used in a strictly complementary manne

This study compared the caries index (dmft), presence of sucking habits and facial alterations in children attended by the preventive program for infants and children assisted by spontaneous demand, at the same age, at the public sector of Maringá, PR. A total of 100 children were evaluated (1-6 years), who were divided into 2 groups: GI - children attended by the infant program with educational and preventive care and bimonthly follow-up, since the 1st year of age; GII - children assisted for conventional treatment (preventive and restorative) according to the needs, and follow-up as requested by the parents. Data collection was performed by interview with the parents and clinical examination for evaluation of the dmft and facial alterations. Analysis of data (Mann-Whitney test for dmft comparison and chi-square test for all other comparisons) demonstrated a significant difference (p