Search

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of regenerative and rehabilitative treatments of skeletal muscles, the possibilities of restoring the functioning of tissue lost due to aging, injuries or diseases. The study of the molecular genetic basis of mechanotransduction and mechanotherapy will allow the identification of genes and molecules, the expression levels of which can serve as biomarkers of the effectiveness of regenerative-rehabilitation measures. These mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets for stimulating of regeneration of skeletal muscles. The focus of the article is on the choice of an individual approach, both when conducting basic scientific research and developing rehabilitation programs. All this will significantly improve patient outcomes.

A 13-year-old female patient, presented with the chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. On examination and analysis of relevant records, she was diagnosed as an Angle's Class II malocclusion on a skeletal Class I base. It was decided to treat the patient with a nonextraction treatment approach with the help of maxillary molar distalization followed by fixed mechanotherapy.

This review aims to summarize the evidence for the role of mechanotherapies and rehabilitation in supporting the synergy between regeneration and repair after an orthobiologic intervention. A selective literature search was performed using Web of Science, OVID, and PubMed to review research articles that discuss the effects of combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine. Various mechanotherapies can encourage the healing process for patients at different stages. Taping, bracing, cold water immersion, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy can be used throughout the duration of acute inflammatory response. The regulation of angiogenesis can be sustained with blood flow restriction and resistance training, whereas heat therapy and tissue loading during exercise are recommended in the remodeling phase. Combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine has shown promise for improving treatment outcomes. However, further studies that reveal a greater volume of evidence are needed to support clinical decisions.

Physical rehabilitation of patients with type 2 diabetes mullitu (DM) is a complex process and requires long-term, systematic and gradual use of a set of tools to achieve compensation for diabetes, prevention of its complications. Generalization of experience in the use of physical rehabilitation in type 2 diabetes is an important task for scientists. The paper work shows that the basis of rehabilitation of patients with diabetes mellitus of this type are its principles such as systematicity, individuality and complexity of rehabilitation measures. They are aimed at the treatment and prevention not only of diabetes mellitus, but also of the patient's body as a whole. The purpose of the study - theoretical and practical justification of the need and essence of physical rehabilitation for type 2 diabetes and evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed program. Research methods: pedagogical (theoretical analysis and generalization of pedagogical and medical-biological literature); analysis of the medical cases; pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment; clinical research methods; methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the use of physical rehabilitation in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus at the dispensary stage of rehabilitation to maintain and improve the physical condition, efficiency in the life of patients and prevention of complications of various etiologies and comorbidities of this group of patients. The experiment involved 24 patients aged 44-59 years. The program of physical rehabilitation has been developed, the main components of which are therapeutic exercise, mechanotherapy, dosed stroke and massage. It is established that the means of physical rehabilitation contribute to the sustainable compensation of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment outcome using American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) scoring and total treatment time between labial and lingual appliance and also to assess patients’ perception of the lingual appliance system. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring first premolar extraction were selected; 10 patients were treated with a lingual and 10 with a labial appliance. The treatment duration and ABO scores were recorded from the posttreatment dental casts and orthopantomogram (OPG). A questionnaire was used to evaluate the perception of patients on lingual treatment using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The total ABO scores of the 2 groups were not statistically significant. The lingual- and labial-appliance treatments were completed in 19.30 ± 7.50 and 22.40 ± 6.35 months, respectively. The VAS showed that lingual-appliance patients experienced a moderate amount of pain and discomfort to the tongue and soft tissues. Patients did not have considerable difficulty with speech and in maintaining oral hygiene. Conclusion: Lingual appliance cases finished with a comparable quality of orthodontic treatment precision well within the normal treatment time frame. These patients had moderate difficulties with speech, tongue irritation, and pain. They did not have difficulty in maintaining their oral hygiene and were satisfied with their smile and treatment outcome.

The mechanical properties of tendons are thought to be affected by different loading levels. Changes in the mechanical properties of tendons, such as stiffness, have been reported to influence the risk of tendon injuries chiefly in athletes and the elderly, thereby affecting motor function execution. Unloading resulted in reduced tendons stiffness, and resistance exercise exercise counteracts this. Transforming growth factor-1 is a potent inducer of type I collagen and mechanosensitive genes encoding tenogenic differentiation markers expression which play critical roles in tendon tissue formation, tendon healing and their adaptation during exercise. In recent years, our understanding of the molecular biology of tendons growth and repair has expanded. It is probable that the next advance in the treatment of tendon injuries will result from the application of this basic science knowledge and the clinical solution will encompass not only the the best postoperative rehabilitation protocols, but also the optimal biological modulation of the healing process.

The inability to fully recover lost muscle mass following periods of disuse atrophy predisposes older adults to lost independence and poor quality of life. We have previously shown that mechanotherapy at a moderate load (4.5 N) enhances muscle mass recovery following atrophy in adult, but not older adult rats. We propose that elevated transverse stiffness in aged muscle inhibits the growth response to mechanotherapy and hypothesize that a higher load (7.6 N) will overcome this resistance to mechanical stimuli. F344/BN adult and older adult male rats underwent 14 days of hindlimb suspension, followed by 7 days of recovery with (RE + M) or without (RE) mechanotherapy at 7.6 N on gastrocnemius muscle. The 7.6 N load was determined by measuring transverse passive stiffness and linearly scaling up from 4.5 N. No differences in protein turnover or mean fiber cross-sectional area were observed between RE and RE + M for older adult rats or adult rats at 7.6 N. However, there was a higher number of small muscle fibers present in older adult, but not adult rats, which was explained by a 16-fold increase in the frequency of small fibers expressing embryonic myosin heavy chain. Elevated central nucleation, satellite cell abundance, and dystrophin−/laminin+ fibers were present in older adult rats only following 7.6 N, while 4.5 N did not induce damage at either age. We conclude that age is an important variable when considering load used during mechanotherapy and age-related transverse stiffness may predispose older adults to damage during the recovery period following disuse atrophy.

Background. To date, the study of respiratory function in the clinic is limited, as a rule, to the determination of bronchial conduction indicators, as well as bronchodilation tests, which at the present stage is insufficient for a deep assessment of the functional state of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aims. The development of personalized medical rehabilitation programs for patients who have undergone ischemic stroke at various stages of rehabilitation, including spa. Materials and methods. The article considers the effectiveness of the new method of treating neurological disorders in patients suffering from acute cerebral circulation disorder and having respiratory system function disorder at different stages of rehabilitation, based on the complex application of physiobalneotherapy, LFC and mechanotherapy in sanatorium and resort conditions. Results. After the course of using physical methods of treatment, patients with comorbid pathology showed improvement in health, relief of breathing, reduction of shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, disappearance of wheezing in the lungs. Conclusion. Patients in the early and late recovery period after acute cerebral circulation disorder with accompanying clinical-functional manifestations of respiratory pathology are shown to include in the rehabilitation complex general gasair carbon dioxide baths, nebulizer inhalations of broncho- and mucolytic preparations, as well as classes on a rowing simulator (rowing) against the background of standard drug therapy and therapeutic exercise in the hall.

BACKGROUND Skeletal malocclusions occur because of the defect in the underlying skeletal structure. Mandibular skeletal retrusion is the most common characteristic of class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimension in Class II patients treated with Herbst appliance and fixed mechanotherapy using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS This comparative study was conducted among 30 Class II patients (9 to 15 years of age) selected from the outpatient department of orthopaedics. They were divided into 2 Groups; Group I (15 patients) was treated by Herbst appliance; Group II (15 patients) was treated by fixed mechanotherapy. Pharyngeal airway volume, length and width evaluation were done using CBCT in vivo dental software 5.1 (ANATOMAGE, San Jose, CA). Intergroup comparison was done using independent t tests and level of significance (P < 0.05). Correlation of parameters were carried out using Pearson’s correlation test. RESULTS Significant increase in nasopharyngeal, velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, laryngopharyngeal, and total airway volume in Herbst group was observed. Velopharyngeal length, glossopharyngeal length and nasopharyngeal airway width showed significant increase in Herbst group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of Class II patients with Herbst appliance resulted in increase in pharyngeal airway volume. Herbst therapy induced repositioning of tongue resulting in increased length due to posterior fall of uvula, and hence airway volume increased drastically. KEY WORDS Airway Volume, Herbst Appliance, Class II Malocclusion, Retrognathic Mandible

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the four first premolars extraction compared with a non-extraction treated control group on the lower anterior facial height. Methods: Electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo, clinical trials, and opengrey.eu databases; only article published in English were included. The eligibility criteria were extraction of four first premolars compared with a non-extraction control group treated with fixed mechanotherapy. Anterior Nasal Spine to Menton (ANS-Me) (mm) was taken as the primary outcome; Frankfurt mandibular plane angle (FMA) and Nasion to Menton (N-Me) were selected as secondary outcomes. Non-randomized Studies-of Intervention (ROBINS-I) tool was used for the quality assessment and risk of bias. Heterogeneity was analyzed using statistical tests, including chi-squared-based Q-statistic, tau-square, and I-squared statistics. Review Manager was used for quantitative assessment and meta-analysis. Results: Five retrospective studies were included for quantitative assessment and three were included in the meta-analysis due to certain missing data. Extraction of four first premolars did not affect both primary and secondary outcomes with P = .65, P = .93, and P = .91, respectively, for ANS-Me, FMA, and N-Me. Conclusion: This review and meta-analysis concluded that there was no statistically significant effect of extraction of four first premolars on lower anterior facial height.

Introduction- Alignment and leveling has been dene as “The tooth movement needed to achieve passive engagement of a plain arch wire of 0.019x0.025 dimension having standard arch form in to a correctly placed 0.022˝ bracket system.''Anchorage is an important consideration in the alignment and leveling stage of orthodontic treatment. Loss of anchorage during this stage is to be considered in the three planes of space. Aims and objectives - Three dimensional assessment of the position of skeletally anchored rst molar teeth and three dimensional assessment of the position of rst molar teeth anchored with conventional trans palatal arch using lateral cephalogram and study models, at the end of leveling and alignment stage of xed orthodontic mechanotherapy and its comparison with pretreatment position.Utimately to nd out by comparing the above measurements whether skeletally anchored molars offer more anchorage than molars anchored with conventional transpalatal arches. Materials and methods- These 30 patients were asked to participate in this study out of which 20 consented. All pre-treatment(T ) patient records were made: o study models, standard lateral cephalograms (Satlec – Pano D), extra oral and intra oral photograph. Miniscrew anchored transpalatalarch (MATPA) was placed in 12 patients(group I) and conventional transpalatal arch in 8 patients (group II). 0.022” stainless steel M.B.T. prescription brackets and tubes ( Nu- Edge, TP Orthodontics) were used and treatment mechanics described by Mc. Laughin, Bennet and Trevisi were followed in all patients. Result - This study attempted a 3-dimensional assessment of molar movement during alignment and leveling stage. The mini screw anchored trans palatal arch (MATPA) was found to offered better anchorage than the conventional trans palatal arch (TPA) .In the sagittal plane angular and linear measurements were found to have signicantly changed after leveling and alignment for conventional TPA group whereas no signicant difference were found in MATPA group. In the vertical plane, the perpendicular distance of the mesiobuccal cusp tip to the platal plane was found to be signicantly changed in conventional TPA group whereas no signicant change was measured in MATPA group. ConclusionMiniscrew anchored trans palatal arch offered better anchorage control of maxillary rst molar teeth in sagittal, vertical and transverse plane, during the leveling & alignment stage of xed orthodontic mechanotherapy, when compared with conventional trans palatal arch.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of regenerative and rehabilitative treatments in orthopedics, the possibilities of restoring of bone lost due to injuries or diseases. An overview of the main methods and approaches to enable effective regenerative and rehabilitation measures is given. The study of the molecular genetic basis of mechanotransduction and mechanotherapy will allow the identification of genes and molecules, the expression levels of which can serve as biomarkers of the effectiveness of regenerative-rehabilitation measures. These mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets for stimulating of regeneration of bones. A special section is devoted to the study of the characteristics of cellular technologies in the treatment of injuries and diseases of these tissues. The focus of the article is on the choice of an individual approach, both when conducting basic scientific research and developing rehabilitation programs. All this will significantly improve patient outcomes.

The research results in the field of computer visualization of the shoulder joint biomechanics are presented. The possibilities of using biomechanical robotic mechanotherapy on the CON-TREX complex in the rehabilitation treatment of patients after arthroscopic shoulder surgery are shown. The possibilities of additional visualization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using spectral decomposition methods (Shearlet transform and contrasting with color coding) are studied. Experiments with the use of the proposed diagnostic technique are described. The relationship between the MRI data and CON-TREX protocols in planning and implementation of the rehabilitation procedures is demonstrated. The technique which allows to improve the quality and availability of the MRI data in the study of the shoulder joint biomechanics during restorative treatment is described.

Aim. To analyze the results of orthodontic treatment of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and mandiblar condylar hyperplasia. Methods. The configuration of a face in the photos was evaluated and diagnostic models of the jaws were analyzed by using the Ponts and Korkhaus methods in treatment dynamics. The physiological status of bone tissue, temporomandibular joints and teeth was studied by using orthopantomography and computed tomography. Functional disorders were detected by using special tests, including EschlerBittner's test and Ilyina-Markosyans test. Orthodontic treatment and stimulation of mandibular growth in the mixed dentition stage were undertaken with the single jaw removable appliances and the appliance improved by us for correction of the distal occlusion. The Damon Q bracket system with archwires was used in permanent dentition period. Results. The child's convex facial profile was typical for distal occlusion and micrognathia. The facial asymmetry, increasing with mouth opening, and a decrease in mandibular range of motion indicated lesion of the right temporomandibular joint. The right condyle was enlarged on the orthopantomogram. The computed tomography showed that it was asymmetrically enlarged and had a cellular structure. There was detected asymmetric micrognathia. The comprehensive rehabilitation plan included orthodontic treatment, myotherapy, speech therapy, mechanotherapy. The use of removable orthodontic appliances led to the normal size of the dentition and their relation, significantly reduced functional disorders and improved facial aesthetics. Five years after completion of orthodontic treatment, the physiological occlusion and amplitude of the mandibular movements remained, but the right mandibular angle was flattened. Conclusion. The comprehensive rehabilitation of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and mandibular condylar hyperplasia started in mixed dentition stage provided conditions for the formation of normal permanent dentition and the improvement of functional disorders and facial aesthetics; our results allow us to suggest the positive effect of our tactics for treatment of the patient.

Aim. To study the efficiency of robotic mechanotherapy using the exoskeleton ExoAtlet on the functional state of patients with multiple sclerosis with impaired walking function. Materials and methods. This is a prospective, open, single-center study. The study included 53 patients with remitting course in remission and secondary progressive course, who had a neurological deficit level of 3 to 7 on the disability status scale (EDSS). To assess the severity of neurological deficits and functional state, we used the extended EDSS. Also we used the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) test, including the assessment of walking – Timed 25-Footwalk, the assessment of upper limb functions – 9-HolePegTest (9-HPT), the assessment of mental abilities – Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Additionally, the preservation of cognitive functions was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Results. When assessing the level of disability on the EDSS scale, patients showed a statistically significant (p

Malocclusions can exist in all the three planes of space i.e in antero – posterior, vertical and transverse plane. Transverse discrepancies can manifest as dental, skeletal or functional discrepancies. Maxillary expansion is one of the most common treatment modality for arch length augmentation, posterior crossbite correction and removing cross arch interferences. Skeletal correction is done by orthopedic expansion or surgical expansion. Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Head Gears, produces orthopedic correction. Severe skeletal discrepancies require surgical correction of underlying skeletal deformity by using SARPE (Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion) or surgical expansion of palatal shelves by midline osteotomies. Dental correction can be done using Rapid expansion in growing children and by slow expansion using Quad Helix, W Arches, Coffin Spring and certain modification of Jack screw appliances in other cases. In patients treated with fixed mechanotherapy expansions can not only be achieved by Arch wires, auxillary Jockey arches, cross elastics etc. but also by slow or rapid expansion devices that can be amalgamated with fixed orthodontic treatment. In this article, the use of slow maxillary expansion appliances in treatment of the three patients with transverse maxillary deficiency and undergoing fixed mechanotherapy will be discussed. Keywords: Expansion

Control of vertical dimension is recognised as an important as well as often difficult part of orthodontic treatment. Ineffective vertical control cause downward and backward rotation of mandible, prolonged treatment times, and compromised treatment results. Vertical control is often difficult, as most methods used to exert vertical control are highly patient-dependent. Controlling vertical dentoalveolar development is often difficult, because most orthodontic mechanotherapy tends to produce vertical movement of teeth. Vertical movement of teeth are least resisted therefore immediate effect is seen. Vertical control is difficult also because most methods depends on patient compliance. Keywords: Vertical control, Hyperdivergent.

Objectives To assess the transfer accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer trays and compare them with transfer trays made up of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) for use in indirect bonding. Design: This was a two-arm parallel prospective randomised controlled trial. Setting: The trial was undertaken at the outpatient department of a dental college. Participants: A total of 30 patients (18 men, 12 women) were randomly allocated to two groups. Methods: The inclusion criteria included patients with permanent and fully erupted dentition (age range = 17–24 years), Angles class I malocclusion with crowding Results: A total of 600 teeth were bonded, 300 each for both groups. Statistically significant differences were observed in all dimension between the two groups, with 3D-printed trays being more accurate than PVS trays except in the vertical dimension ( P < 0.05). The prevalence of clinically unacceptable transfer errors revealed that most of the transfer errors were in the vertical dimensions for 3D-printed trays. Conclusion: 3D-printed trays are more accurate than PVS trays except for transfers in vertical dimension.

Summary Objective The study was conducted to assess cooperation and compliance in adult orthodontic patients during the leveling and alignment, space closure/molar correction and finishing stages of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients undergoing fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy in a tertiary care hospital. Patient cooperation was assessed during orthodontic treatment stages using Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale (OPCS) and compliance by Clinical Compliance Evaluation (CCE) form. A sample size of 38 subjects was included for each stage of treatment; therefore, a total of 114 subjects were recruited for the study. Shapiro–Wilk test identified that the data were normally distributed. One way ANOVA was used to evaluate the percentage cooperation and compliance among three stages. Pair-wise comparisons among the three stages were performed using Post hoc Tukey test. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to see the factors associated with cooperation and compliance. Results A statistically significant difference was seen for scores of patient cooperation and compliance using CCE (P = 0.01); however, the results of the OPCS were non-significant among the three stages of treatment (P = 0.16). There was a significant difference in patient cooperation and compliance between space closure/molar correction and finishing stage (P = 0.01). A highly significant decline in oral hygiene was found with the progression of orthodontic treatment, from space closure/molar correction to the finishing stage of treatment (P Conclusions Improvement in the cooperation and compliance levels for adult orthodontic patients was observed during the space closure/molar correction stage, which then showed a decline as the treatment progressed. Maintenance of oral hygiene was gradually reduced with the progression of orthodontic treatment.

Low-frequency vibrations are one of the many non-surgical modalities aimed at increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.The present trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of low-frequency vibrations in increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in adolescent patients undergoing fixed mechanotherapy with passive self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets.Setting and sample population: department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics in a nationally accredited dental college. Participants, study design and methods: 65 patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Two experimental groups consisted of passive self-ligating and conventionally ligated appliances received low-frequency vibrations. The control group did not receive any vibrations. Allocation ratio was 1:1:1.32. Eligibility criteria: adolescent patients with sound and healthy dentition, incisor irregularity5mm.rate of orthodontic tooth movement in mm/month. Randomization and blinding: computer-generated random allocation sequencing was done and data assessor was blinded.the Q-Q plot and Shapiro-Wilks test judged the normality of the data. The parametric test included ANCOVA and post-hoc analysis.No statistically significant enhancement of tooth movement was seen in the experimental groups, when comparison was done with the control group P0.05. Comparison between the two experimental groups did not reveal any significant difference either.No statistically significant increase of orthodontic tooth movement was seen with low-frequency vibrations and the mode of ligation did not have any effect in increasing the rate of tooth movement either.

Objective ‒ to determine independent predictors and develop a prognostic model for asses-sing the likelihood of lack of a good outcome (dependence) in cerebral stroke patients with severe disabilities who were admitted to a comprehensive stroke unit in a subacute or chronic phase.Materials and methods. A retrospective observational study enrolled patients with a verified cerebral stroke, who were admitted to the Stroke Center (SC) over 2010‒2018 in the early subacute (from Day 8 to Day 90 from onset), the late subacute (from Day 91 to Day 180 from onset) or chronic (after 180 days from onset) phase of the disease and had severe disabilities upon admission (i.e. a modified Rankin scale (mRS) 4 or 5). There were included 290 patients (38.7 % of women) aged from 20.4 to 91.2 years (median ‒ 64.9 years, interquartile range ‒ 56.6‒74.6). Care in the SC was provided in accordance with guidelines and included active interdiscipli-nary rehabilitation. The restoration of independence in daily living at discharge was considered a good outcome (mRS 0‒2). We assessed the relationship of the risk of failure to achieve a good outcome with five clinical variables: age, sex, stroke period, and baseline mRS score and the amount (dose) of rehabilitation (total time of physical therapy, ergotherapy or mechanotherapy).Results. 81 (28.0 %) participant had intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas 209 (72.0 %) had cerebral infarction. The total National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score on admission ranged from 1 to 36 (median 14 points, interquartile range 10–20). While 188 (64.8 %) of the patients were hospitalized to the SC during the early subacute, 34 (11.8 %) and 68 (23.4 %) study participants were admitted only in the late subacute and chronic phase of stroke, respectively. In the analysis of generalized linear regression models, three features had a significant relationship with a decrease in the mRS score: sex, time from stroke onset to SC admission, and the total time of mechanotherapy. According to the multivariate analysis, four factors were significantly associated with a need for assistance in activities of daily living at SC discharge: the risk of dependence was significantly (p = 0.004) lower in men, was directly depended on the initial mRS score and the time elapsed from the estimated stroke onset to the SC admission, but was inversely related to the amount (dose) of certain rehabilitation interventions (the odds ratio of not achieving a good outcome was 0.93 (95 % CI 0.89‒0.97) for every additional 100 minutes of mechanotherapy). The logistic regression model based on the selected set of features turned out to be adequate (χ2 = 60.7 at 7 degrees of freedom, p

Introduction: When degree of facial asymmetry is noticeable, it negatively affects facial and smile esthetics. It may due to discrepancies in size and position between cranial base and maxilla/ mandible. Asymmetry due to occlusal interference may result in functional shift of the mandible which usually poses a challenge. So diagnosis and functional examination are keys to an esthetic and stable outcome. Objectives: This case report addresses the facial asymmetry in an adult patient who sought for improvement infacial appearance and occlusion. Case Description: A 26-year old male patient reported with chief complaint of noticeable facial asymmetry and irregularly positioned teeth. Clinical examination revealed mild facial asymmetry. Intraorally patient showed crowding, non-coincident dental midlines, anterior cross bite, missing 23 and root stump 46. Starting point in diagnosis and treatment of this case was establishing centric relation through guiding the mandible into centric relation rather than centric occlusion. During functional examination we observed discrepancyin CR-CO which was confirmed using PA-Ceph in centric rest position. Treatment was planned as deprogramming splint followed by fixed mechanotherapy. Post muscle deprogramming we were able to achieve “true” anatomic relationship of the mandible to the maxilla. Conclusion: Thus, the present case report aims at addressing important aspect of functional examination to be considered by the orthodontist while reaching an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan in such patient’s with challenging asymmetry. Keywords: Centric relation, Asymmetry, Deprogramming.

Class 11 malocclusion generally occurs as a result of either increased maxillary growth or decreased mandibular growth or a combination of the same. Face bow along with headgear redirects the maxillary growth, where as functional appliances bring about the forward positioning of the mandible. The present case report show case a young girl of 11 years of age who was treated with a combination of high pull face bow attached with the activator, followed by fixed mechanotherapy. The combined headgear activator therapy provides greater cumulative skeletal benefits than a single appliance alone. Meticulous diagnosis and sound knowledge of biomechanics persuades efficient treatment results. Keywords: Activator, Head gear, Class 11 malocclusion.

Summarizing the results of the world scientific data on this topic, the possibility to evoke step-like movements in the lower limbs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) below the level of damage was noted. That was verified during electrical stimulation in combination with mechanotherapy, the electrodes application to the definite areas of spinal cord. In addition, we stated that these measures led to reduction of muscle hypertonus in the lower limbs, improvement of neuromuscular junction and tolerance towards increasing stimulation that were instrumentally confirmed. We stated that it is impossible to achieve the same effect using only one of these methods isolated. The first studies were carried out by implantation of epidural electrodes in the spinal cord, and later by a combination of electrical stimulation and step-like movements with the same frequency setting manually. During further technology development, stimulation became percutaneous, and the movements were carried out using robotic mechanotherapy. The advantage of this method is obvious: the specialist needs to set the initial parameters which are selected individually for the patient,to monitor the progress of the procedure and to fix changes. These devices include robotic systems which perform movements in the lower extremities with full and partial axial load. Currently a study of the device for robotic therapy in horizontal unsupported state is ongoing in rehabilitation clinic of FSBI NMCC n. a. N.I. Pirogov. Its excellence is support absense, the training is held in conditions of complete body weight unloading. Multimodal electrical stimulation is performed simultaneously with robotic therapy: percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the legs, back and abdomen muscles. It was stated that parameters of neurological status were improved significantly. This article presents the results of unsupported robotic mechanotherapy`s clinical testing in the SCI patients rehabilitation.

Background. Medical rehabilitation plays a key role in restoring functionality and social activity, as well as the physical and psychological aspects of quality of life (QOL) in patients with pathological fractures in the setting of osteoporosis (OP). Objective: to assess the effect of a new complex of physical rehabilitation with the inclusion of mechanotherapy on the physical and psychological aspects of QOL in patients with vertebral fractures (VFs) and OP. Methods. The study was carried out in the form of a prospective controlled open study in two parallel groups. 90 patients with osteoporotic VF were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to the intervention group (group 1, n=60), which received a new complex of physical therapy, or control group (group 2, n=30), which received only special complex of physical exercises. QOL and pain level assessment was performed at baseline and at follow-up on the 21st and 70th day in patients of both groups. A special questionnaire QUALEFFO-41 was used to assess QOL. Results. Administration of a new physical rehabilitation complex resulted in pain reduction and improvement of such QOL aspects as jobs around the house, mobility and mental state. No dynamics was found in QUALEFFO-41 scale in daily living activity and leisure, social activities, general health perception domains. Therapy effect on pain syndrome relief, expansion of daily living activity, mobility and increasement in overall QOL assessment, remains for at least 4 weeks after the rehabilitation course. Conclusion. New three-week physical therapy complex, including mechanotherapeutic methods with biological feedback and special physical exercises in the gym and pool can be recommended for the rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic VF in order to increase QOL and reduce back pain.

Background. Back pain, limitation of mobility, spinal deformity, decreased ability to self-care due to osteoporotic fractures (vertebrae, femoral neck, humerus, etc.) are one of the reasons for referring patients to rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment, which involves the use of physical therapy methods, physiotherapy exercises and mechanotherapy. Objective: to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), individual risk factors for OP, as well as the proportion of people with high risk of osteoporotic low-energy fractures among patients over 50 years old undergoing treatment according to the medical rehabilitation profile. Methods. The study group comprised of 600 patients (426 women and 174 men) aged 50 to 84 years, average age 64.2510.17 years, undergoing treatment in a rehabilitation department. This was a cross-sectional study in the form of unified questionnaire, including data conserning age, weight, height, BMI, clinical and rehabilitation diagnosis, anamnesis of the main disease, anamnesis vitae, presence of OP diagnosis in the anamnesis, its treatment, OP risk factors estimation. An assessment of 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures was carried out using Russian model of online FRAX calculator. Results. 41.8% patients in the study sample had OP risk factors, including 31.2% ― 3 risk factors or more. 38% patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation showed a high fracture risk according to the FRAX calculator. 34.1% had a diagnosis of OP stated, and 45.8% already had osteoporotic fractures. Among those who did not undergo densitometry examination, 69.9% had a history of low-traumatic fractures, and only 58.5% of patients with an established diagnosis of OP and 26.8% of those at high risk of fractures received effective therapy for OP. Conclusion. Among patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation a high frequency of OP and high fracture risk were stated. At the same time, insufficient quality of OP diagnostics and anti-osteoporotic therapy administaration were revealed.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate patient’s understanding of orthodontic instructions about the care of their orthodontic appliance and maintenance of oral hygiene during the fixed mechanotherapy. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Orthodontics at Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore. A self-assessed questionnaire was formulated to assess the awareness among patients regarding the care of their fixed appliance. It was distributed among patients and only completely filled questionnaires which were 100 in number were considered for analysis. The questionnaire was divided into 3 categories – Food, Hygiene and General Instructions on Maintenance. The Questionnaire had a total of 18 questions with YES or NO type of response. Results: The data obtained by the survey was statistically analysed. Number of Male and Female patients was 37 and 63 respectively. In the category of Food, the overall positive response was 87.6%, whereas negative response was 12.4%. In the category of Hygiene, the overall positive response was 87.2%, whereas negative response was 12.8%. In the category of General Instructions and Maintenance, the overall positive response was 83.5%, whereas negative response was 16.5%. Conclusion: Though majority of the patients exhibited impressive levels of understanding regarding food and hygiene, there was a lack of awareness about the general instructions and maintenance. So as orthodontists, we need to emphasize more on the awareness of patients regarding the care of their appliance which will go a long way in improving the overall results. Keywords: Food, Hygiene, Maintenance Instructions, Questionnaire.

This case report emphasizes on the management of a male patient having a Long Face Syndrome and a unique malocclusion with a Class III dental malocclusion over a Class II Skeletal Base. This patient showed the presence of an increased lower anterior facial height with the chin deviated slightly towards the left. The patient also complained of difficulty in breathing and presented with a history of Deviated Nasal septum and Nasal Polyps. This case was corrected non surgically merely by employing simple mechanics with the help of Fixed Orthodontic Mechanotherapy by extracting both the mandibular 1st premolars followed by retraction and closure of spaces. After Orthodontic treatment was completed, a Septoplasty was performed to correct the deviated nasal septum and the nasal polyp was excised thus addressing the difficulty in breathing experienced by the patient. Both Septoplasty and Polyp removal were performed using Non Invasive FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery). This was followed by Rhinoplasty for correction of nasal contour of the patient. Lastly, 2 types of Genioplasties were performed to correct the backwardly positioned chin, to reduce the vertical height of the chin and also to correct the deviated chin position. Following fixed orthodontic treatment and minor surgical procedures, marked improvement in patient’s smile, facial profile and lip competence were achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient’s confidence and quality of life The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy. The Long Face of the patient was corrected merely by minor elective surgical procedures, thus eliminating the need for a major surgery. Total treatment duration was 18 months. Keywords: Long Face Syndrome, Rhinoplasty, Septoplasty, Genioplasty, Fixed Orthodontic Mecanotherapy, Non surgical Correction, Class III Malocclusion on a Class I

Summary Class III malocclusion can be varied in presentation and progression. This report describes the presentation, course of treatment and long-term follow-up of two siblings with Class III malocclusion. Two cases discussed in this report were different in their presentation. Sibling 1, a 19-year-old male patient had developed skeletal Class III malocclusion with severe maxillomandibular discrepancy, showing both components of maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism & asymmetry with average growth pattern. Sibling 2, a 13-year-old male patient had developed a Class III malocclusion with maxillary retrognathism with vertical growth pattern. An insight into the similarities and dissimilarities in the presentation, course of treatment and long-term follow-up of the two cases is provided. The two cases were successfully managed with entirely different treatment approaches. Sibling 1 underwent maxillary advancement with Le Fort I surgery and mandibular set back and rotation with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy which was preceded by pre-surgical orthodontic treatment with extraction of upper first premolars for orthodontic decompensation. Sibling 2 was treated with skeletally anchored facemask therapy followed by fixed mechanotherapy. Acceptable clinical outcome with long-term stability of the treatment results was observed in the two siblings. Orthognathic surgery may be completely avoided later if early orthopaedic treatment to advance the maxilla is initiated at an appropriate age.

Introduction. Postural disorders are significant in severe forms of cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of the work was to study the effect of locomotor training in combination with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the muscles of the lower extremities on the restoration of the function of maintaining a vertical posture in children with III level of limitation of motor activity according to the GMFCS classification. Materials and methods. 20 patients with CP at the age from 8 to 12 years old were examined. Patients of the main group (10 children) received 15 sessions of 45 minutes rehabilitation in the ≪Lokomat≫ robotic simulator in the sequence: 1) ≪Lokomat≫ in combination with FES, 2) ≪Lokomat≫ in combination with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, 3) ≪Lokomat≫ in combination with FES and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. The intervals between courses were 6 months. Patients from the control group (10 children) underwent only locomotor training. Results. The dynamics of regaining control of the upright posture in children was evaluated by the method of stabilometry, which revealed the active response of the musculoskeletal system in patients of the main group only in the case of combined robotic mechanotherapy and FES. This was manifested in a significant increase in the amplitude of oscillations A of the pressure center, a clear increase in the variance of the parameters of the LFS parameter, and a decrease in the strength of the correlation between the parameters LFS and A towards normalization. However, with a combination of locomotor training with FES and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, there were no convincing signs of improving the regulation of the vertical posture. Conclusion. It is suggested that multilevel neurostimulation of patients with CP is necessary, which may be more effective, since it will affect the central components of motor activity.

A 13 year old female patient came to our department with chief complain of excessive gum show. On Clinical examination patient presented with convex facial profile, obtuse nasolabial angle, mesocephalic, mesoprosopic, incompetent lips and increased interlabial gap. Intraorally she had class II canine and molar relation bilaterally with crowding irt 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43. Patient was really concerned about her facial profile. So we decided to manage the same with triplet approach i.e the combination of orthopedic, myofunctional and fixed mechanotherapy. The total treatment time was 28 months which include 13 month phase I therapy and 15 months phase II therapy and the results were exuberant.

Background. The improvement in existing methods and the development of new principles for treating children with cerebral palsy necessitates a quantitative assessment of the parameters of motor activity. However, because of the explicit and complex abnormalities in motor skills in patients with severe forms of cerebral palsy, an evaluation of their locomotor function dynamics using instrumental diagnostic methods remains a serious problem. Aim. This work aimed to study the walking function in patients with cerebral palsy before and after motor rehabilitation using a biomechanical method with biometric sensors. Materials and methods. We examined 14 patients with cerebral palsy aged 8 to 13 years with III level of restriction of motor activity according to the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). All patients underwent rehabilitation in the Lokomat robotic simulator for three weeks. The course consisted of 15 sessions of 45 min each. The temporal and dynamic parameters of walking were studied in 14 patients with cerebral palsy before and after a course of locomotor training. The biometry of the step cycle was studied using the STEDIS hardware-software complex, including the Neurosens set of wireless biometric sensors. The temporal characteristics of the step cycle and the force interaction of the lower extremities with the supporting surface during walking were recorded. For comparison, we conducted a biomechanical examination of 18 healthy children of the same age who did not have signs of orthopedic disorders. Results. Although after a course of mechanotherapy, the indices of the support phases in biometry in children with cerebral palsy did not reach the level of healthy individuals, a physiological tendency to roll foot was observed in the phase of pushing and accelerating the foot. Active braking of the lower limb increased. The studied time parameters showed a relative improvement in the step structure because of the emerging tendency to normalize the ratio of the periods of the double support of the contralateral lower extremities. Conclusion. Robotic mechanotherapy helps to change the biomechanical pattern of walking of a child with a severe degree of cerebral palsy. An instrumental analysis of walking using wireless biometric sensors allows you to evaluate the results and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in patients with severe motor impairment objectively.

Tendons are specialized tissues composed primarily of load-responsive fibroblasts (tenocytes) embedded in a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Habitual mechanical loading or targeted exercise causes tendon cells to increase the stiffness of the extracellular matrix; this adaptation may occur in part through collagen synthesis or remodeling. Integrins are likely to play an important role in transmitting mechanical stimuli from the extracellular matrix to tendon cells, thereby triggering cell signaling pathways which lead to adaptive regulation of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. In this study, we discovered that mechanical stimulation of integrin β1 leads to the phosphorylation of AKT, an event which required the presence of integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Repetitive stretching of tendon cells activates the AKT and mTOR pathways, which in turn regulates mRNA translation and collagen expression. These results support a model in which integrins are an upstream component of the mechanosensory cellular apparatus, regulating fundamental tendon cell functions relevant to exercise-induced adaptation and mechanotherapy.

Massage is a viable mechanotherapy to improve protein turnover during disuse atrophy and improve muscle regrowth during recovery from disuse atrophy in adult muscle. Therefore, we investigated whether massage can cause beneficial adaptations in skeletal muscle from aged rats during normal weight-bearing (WB) conditions, hindlimb suspension (HS), or reloading (RE) following HS. Aged (30 months) male Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats were divided into two experiments: (1) WB for 7 days (WB, n = 8), WB with massage (WBM, n = 8), HS for 7 days (HS7, n = 8), or HS with massage (HSM, n = 8), and (2) WB for 14 days (WB14, n = 8), HS for 14 days (HS14, n = 8), reloading (RE, n = 10), or reloading with massage (REM, n = 10) for 7 days following HS. Deuterium oxide (D(2)O) labeling was used to assess dynamic protein and ribosome turnover in each group and anabolic signaling pathways were assessed. Massage did have an anabolic benefit during RE or WB. In contrast, massage during HS enhanced myofibrillar protein turnover in both the massaged limb and contralateral non-massaged limb compared with HS, but this did not prevent muscle loss. Overall, the data demonstrate that massage is not an effective mechanotherapy for prevention of atrophy during muscle disuse or recovery of muscle mass during reloading in aged rats. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11357-020-00215-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The active introduction of minimally invasive operations into medical practice has caused the need to improve rehabilitation approaches. We observed patients aged 18–62 years in the early and late postoperative period after minimally invasive knee operations. In addition to traditional rehabilitation treatment, including therapeutic gymnastics, lower limb and lower back massage, and electrical stimulation of the quadriceps femoris, patients in the main group received robotic mechanotherapy. The eff ectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation measures was evaluated by clinical method, electrothermometry, using algofunctional indices (VAS) and the degree of disability (Leken scale). As a result of these measures, the increase in the bending angle in the main group averaged 38,7 ± 4,3° per course of treatment. The average number of robotic mechanotherapy procedures per treatment course was 7,9. In the comparison group, the increase in the bending angle was signifi cantly less (14,1 ± 0,5°) over 10 days of treatment and rehabilitation activities. Pain in the lower extremities at the end of the course of treatment signifi cantly decreased to 2,8 ± 0,09 in the comparison group and 1,8 ± 0,08 in the main group and was rated as mild pain. However, in the main group, its decline was signifi cantly lower. According to the Leken scale, as a result of 10-day course of treatment, patients in the comparison group maintained a moderate degree of disability (6,9 ± 1,7), and patients in the main group — light (4,5 ± 1,78). Analysis of electrothermometry results showed that robotic mechanical therapy procedures increase thermal radiation by an average of 0,6 ± 0,22 °C for 20 minutes of mechanical therapy on the fi rst day and by 1,1 ± 0,2 °C for 30 minutes on the last day. Thus, treatment and rehabilitation measures using robotic mechanotherapy have signifi cantly reduced the pain syndrome, reduced the degree of disability due to earlier normalization of the function of the operated joint, improved blood circulation and neuro-vascular regulation and, as a result, trophic and regenerative processes.

A technique of complex mechanotherapy exposure in patients with neurological deficit has been proposed using “Lokomat” device combined with epidural proximal stimulation ofspinal cord and epineural one of the damaged nerve trunk with implanted electrodes together with distal electrical stimulation of the muscle groups of the autonomous areas with epicutaneous leads to potentiate electrical stimulation. The technique has been used in treatment of three patients, the advantages of simultaneous performing mechanotherapy and electrical stimulation have been revealed

In orthodontic treatment, anchorage loss is a potential side effect of fixed mechanotherapy and one of the major causes of unsuccessful results, on the other hand considerable worry to the orthodontist. A major concern to the orthodontic patients is treatment time. Reducing the treatment time requires increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic force induces a cellular response in the periodontal ligament, which brings about bone resorption on the pressure side and bone deposition on the tension side. Tooth movement can be accelerated by either employing certain adjunctive orthodontic procedures or by using advanced mechanotherapy. Aim: of this study is to compare and evaluate the anchor loss in corticotomy assisted cases and control cases without corticotomy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 20 patients who were divided into two groups with 10 cases in each group. Group A patients were treated with corticotomy, allograft procedure along with fixed mechanotherapy while group B patients treated with convectional fixed mechanotherapy and was taken as controls and both groups underwent first bicuspid extractions and were treated with 0.022 MBT appliance. Result: Corticotomy assisted retraction cases had increased anchorage loss but was statistically insignificant compared to conventional method. Conclusion: Based on the outcome of this study, it is reasonable to conclude that corticotomy?assisted retraction cases had increased anchorage loss, compared to conventional retraction cases but was stastically insignificant, this may be due to a small sample size. Further studies are recommended on corticotomy?assisted retraction anchorage loss. Keywords: Anchorage loss, Corticotomy, First molar.

Treatment of Class II malocclusion in growing individuals consists of Functional therapy to displace the mandible forward, headgear to restrict or redirect the growth of maxilla or combination of both. However, both the above mentioned treatment modalities depend upon patient compliance. In a non compliant patient or in cases where more of a dento-alveolar compensation is required fixed functional appliances are used. Forsus fatigue resistant device (FRD) is one such appliance used to correct Class II division 1 malocclusion. However the side effects of mechanotherapy with fixed functional appliance have to be controlled and good intercuspation ensures stability of results achieved. This case report shows one such case of Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with Forsus in conjunction with fixed appliance. Keywords: Class II malocclusion, Forsus, Fixed functional appliance.

Background: Robotic mechanotherapy is considered as a promising area of physical rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis patients, while it ensures high training efficacy. Aim: To study the effect of physical training using with the ExoAtlet exoskeleton for lower extremities the functioning of patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, open, uncontrolled, single center study. The rehabilitation course with the ExoAtlet exoskeleton included 43 patients (14 male and 29 female, aged from 28 to 59 years, mean age 43,5 ± 9,12 years) with remitting multiple sclerosis in remission (RMS-R) (n = 20) and secondary progressive course (VPRS) (n = 23), with the EDSS scores from 3 to 8. One of the inclusion criteria was the presence of motor paresis of the lower extremities. Training with the ExoAtlet exoskeleton was performed 5 days a week for two weeks. The neurological deficits and functioning were assessed with the Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) test, including the assessment of walking (Timed 25 Footwalk), of upper limb functions (9-Hole PegTest, 9-HPT), and of mental functioning (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT) before and after the rehabilitation course. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Results: The rehabilitation course resulted in a significant decrease of neurological deficiency by EDSS (by 0.26 score, 5%, p < 0.001). The MSFC test showed an improvement in all subtests: SDMT by 2 points, or 4.9% (p = 0.018), Timed 25-Footwalk by 3.2 seconds, or 19.6% (p < 0.001), 9-HPT for the dominant hand by 1.6 seconds, or 5% (p = 0.004), and for the non-dominant hand by 2.1 seconds, or 6.2% (p = 0.006). The improvement in the MoCA test after the rehabilitation course was 1.6 points, or 6% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive effect of the exoskeleton in the lower extremities, such as restoration of the walking function in multiple sclerosis patients. There was a positive trend towards restoring of hand motor skills and cognitive functions.

As one of technologies of restoration treatment of children with a cerebral palsy, that is sent to normalization of muscular tonus, decline of spasticity of muscular groups and neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders, improvements of blood supply and exchange processes in cerebral fabric, improvement of motive possibilities and walking. MOTO- med motor mechanotherapy has been developed for people with physical disabilities and complements physical therapy, ergotherapy and sports therapy. Users can exercise while wheelchair or chair. In the supine position, patients can use MOTO-med from the bed or from the treatment couch. To ensure safety during classes, MOTOmed devices have special software installed: motion protection" function stops the rotation of the simulator pedals. It doesn’t matter how the overall muscular tension changes, the level of "movement protection" does not always remain constant, but adapts to changes and therefore always remains optimally sensitive. This function is used on all MOTOmed models using sensitive sensors. "Spasm control" program with automatic change of direction of pedal rotation reduces muscle spasticity in accordance with the following therapeutic principle: flexor spasticity is reduced due to slow straightening, and extensor spasticity is due to limb flexion. During the operation of this program, the electric motor smoothly stops the rotation of the pedals. the muscles of the legs / arms relax, and after a short pause, a smooth change in the direction of rotation of the pedals occurs. This process is repeated until the cramping stops. Sessions of mechanotherapy on the trainer of MOTO - med help children with physical limitations to realize their natural necessity to motion.

The article highlights the use of mechanotherapy in traumatic injuries of the peripheral nerves of the upper limb. Damage to the nerves of the upper extremities is one of the frequent and severe types of injuries that can dramatically change the quality and lifestyle of a person, both in everyday household and professional environments. The classification of simulators and mechanotherapeutic devices that are advisable to use for traumatic neuropathies of the upper limb, the principles of motor rehabilitation. It is noted that mechanotherapy can be used to facilitate the execution of any movement (robotic mechanotherapy) and with the goal of training with increasing intensity, aimed at strengthening the motor, cardiovascular and respiratory systems (active mechanotherapy). The characteristic of the main robotic devices that are used to train hand function with the presence of feedback and the use of a gaming or virtual environment is given. It is noted that the modern direction of training rehabilitation is robotic mechanotherapy, the basis of which is the use of robotic devices for training hand function with the presence of feedback and the use of a game or virtual environment.The advantage of robot therapy is a higher quality of training compared to classical mechanotherapy due to the greater accuracy of repetitive cyclic movements, a constant training program, the availability of tools to assess the success of the classes with the possibility of demonstration to the patient. Robotic devices in rehabilitation treatment of the upper limb include MITMANUS, ARM Trainer, mirror-image motion enable (MIME) robot, Armeo, etc. The authors draws attention to the fact that training on modern simulators and devices in no way replace traditional means of physical therapy and should be used in conjunction with other rehabilitation measures in neurological patients.

In order to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, a comprehensive examination was conducted using standardized scales and thermal imaging in two groups of patients aged 5–8 years old with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. The sample consisted of 10 children with a diagnosis of G80.1 and 10 with a diagnosis of G80.2, the degree of impaired motor function levels 1 and 2 according to GMFCS. Rehabilitation interventions were carried out for one year in stationary (two times a year, courses of 14 days), outpatient (2–3 courses of massage for 10 days, botulinum therapy) and home (daily exercise) conditions. The complex included physical therapy, kinesiotherapy, mechanotherapy, physiotherapy and reflextherapy, massage, classes with a speech therapist and defectologist, if necessary — pharmacotherapy. A discrepancy in a number of cases of thermal imaging and clinical results of treatment is received, the attempt of theoretical explanation of these discrepancies is made. The possibilities of thermal imaging evaluation of treatment effectiveness in children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy, which allows to count on success in the development of working methods of convenient, non-invasive and high-precision method of objectification of motor disorders at the stages of rehabilitation, are demonstrated. Further improvement of the proposed approach is promising in terms of creating a reliable means of validating standardized clinical scales and questionnaires.

Treatment of the posterior crossbite (Brodie bite) case is always challenging for orthodontics. The case requires meticulous treatment planning and is often difficult and time-consuming to treat Brodie bite. This kind of malocclusion develops partially because of lingual tipping of the lower segments, and partially because of a lower jaw too small, relative to the maxilla. A young male 12 years of age came to the dental department with chief complaints of unable to chew food and with lower jaw teeth contained within the upper jaw. Clinical examination revealed class II div I malocclusion, increased overjet and lingually locked upper left lateral incisor with just one occlusal contact at the left first molar region (mandibular teeth contained within the maxillary dentition). Though there are various treatment options available such as extractions, expansion, dental arch compensation, or orthognathic surgery for treating Brodie bite, the best treatment option should be chosen, which requires proper diagnosis. This article discusses one such case that was diagnosed and planned as three-phase treatment with two modifications in mechanotherapy. How to cite this article Agrawal A. Brodie Bite: A Clinical Challenge. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):288–294.

Abdominoplasty is a type of surgery, that in 2018, according to statistic data of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), ranks 4th place in popularity of execution. A woman in labor is the most popular category of people who often apply for this operation. Plastic surgeons do not pay long-term attention to the restoration of the anterior abdominal wall muscles, so patients may have difficulty returning to normal lifestyle. Therefore, only physical therapy can restore the functional state of the abdominal muscles. The purpose of the research is to present the results of the author's program effectiveness on physical therapy for women in labor after abdominoplasty during a long-term period of rehabilitation. Research methods included the formation of the main (n=3) and control groups (n=3) parturient women after the abdominoplasty. The average age is 30±2.9 years. The study was carried out at the Center for Healthy Spine “Kinezofit” in Kyiv, Ukraine. For participating in the research, consent was obtained from the Center`s management and the study patients. The research methods as analysis of scientific and methodological literature, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of sociological research, methods of assessing the functional state and instrumental methods were used during the study. Research Results. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the conducting physical therapy program for the control and groups was carried out according to the results of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire on the quality of life with the calculation of the statistical significance by Student's t-test. The results of this questionnaire demonstrated a significant difference in the dynamics of the main group (x̅ = 19%, with S = 0.58) from the control (x̅ = 28.5%, S = 1.53), with p, Актуальность. Абдоминопластика – вид хирургического вмешатель- ства, что состоянием на 2018 г., по статистике Международного общества эстетической пластической хирургии, занимает 4-е место по популярности выполнения. Категория людей, которые чаще всего обращаются к данной операции, являются роженицы. Пластические хирурги не уделяют длительного внимания восстановлению работы мышц передней брюшной стенки, поэтому у пациенток возможны трудности с возвращением к нормальной жизнедеятельности. В таком случае, только физическая терапия позволяет восстановить функциональное состояние мышц живота. Цель исследования – представить результаты эффективности авторской программы по физической терапии рожениц после абдоминопластики на длительном периоде реабилитации. Методы исследования включали формирования основной (n=3) и контрольной групп (n=3) рожениц после проведенной абдоминопластики. Средний их возраст – 30±2,9 лет. Исследование проводили на базе Центра здорового позвоночника «Kinezofit», г. Киев, Украина. Для участия в исследовании, было получено согласие от руководства центра и исследуемых пациентов. Методы исследования, которые были использованы, – анализ научно- методической литературы, методы математической статистики, методы социологического исследования, методыоценки функционального состояния и инструментальные методы. Методы исследования – анализ научно- методической литературы, методы математической статистики, методы социологического исследования и методы оценки функционального состояния, а также инструментальные. Результаты исследования. Оценка эффективно- сти проводимой программы физической терапии для контрольной и основной групп проводилась по результатам анкеты качества жизни Oswestry Disability Index с расчетом статистической значимости по t-критерию Стьюдента. Результаты данной анкеты показали значительную разницу в динамике основной группы (x = 19 , при = 0,58) от контрольной (x = 28,5 , = 1,53), при p&nbsp, Актуальність. Абдомінопластика – вид хірургічного втручання, що станом на 2018 р., за статистикою Міжнародного товариства естетичної пластичної хірургії, посідає 4-те місце за популярністю виконання. Категорією людей, які найчастіше звертаються до цієї операції, є породіллі. Пластичні хірурги не приділяють великої уваги відновленню роботи м’язів передньої черевної стінки, через те в пацієнток можливі труднощі з поверненням до нормальної життєдіяльності, відтак лише фізична терапія дає змогу відновити функціональний стан м’язів живота. Мета дослідження – представити результати ефективності авторської програми фізичної терапії породіль після абдомінопластики на довготривалому періоді реабілітації. Методи дослідження включали формування основної (n=3) та контрольної груп (n=3) породіль після проведеної абдомінопластики. Середній вік – 30±2,9 років. Дослідження проводили на базі Центру здорового хребта «Kinezofit», м. Київ, Україна. Для участі в дослідженні отримано згоду від керівництва центру та досліджуваних пацієнтів. Методи дослідження, що були використані – аналіз науково-методичної літератури, методи математичної статистики, методи соціологічного дослідження, методи оцінки функціонального стану та інструментальні методи. Результати дослідження. Оцін- ку ефективності проведеної програми фізичної терапії для контрольної й основної груп проводили за результа- тами анкети якості життя Oswestry Disability Index із розрахунком статистичної значущості за t-критерієм Стью- дента. Результати цієї анкети показали значну різницю в динаміці основної групи (x = 19 , при =0,58) від контрольної (x = 28,5 , =1,53), при p

As explained by Wolff’s law and the mechanostat hypothesis, mechanical stimulation can be used to promote bone formation. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a source of mechanical stimulation that can activate the integrin/phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase/Akt pathway and upregulate osteogenic proteins through the production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This paper analyzes the results of in vitro and in vivo studies that have evaluated the effects of LIPUS on cell behavior within three-dimensional (3D) titanium, ceramic, and hydrogel scaffolds. We focus specifically on cell morphology and attachment, cell proliferation and viability, osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, bone volume, and osseointegration. As shown by upregulated levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, increased mineral deposition, improved cell ingrowth, greater scaffold pore occupancy by bone tissue, and superior vascularization, LIPUS generally has a positive effect and promotes bone formation within engineered scaffolds. Additionally, LIPUS can have synergistic effects by producing the piezoelectric effect and enhancing the benefits of 3D hydrogel encapsulation, growth factor delivery, and scaffold modification. Additional research should be conducted to optimize the ultrasound parameters and evaluate the effects of LIPUS with other types of scaffold materials and cell types.