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The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of four pesticides against the white fly, Bemisia tabaci, infesting squash plants during the two growing season, 2017 and 2018, under field conditions. Results showed that the reduction percentages of the white fly, B.tabaci populations on squash plant during season 2017 caused by Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and Beauveria bassiana were 86, 81.5, 72.25 and 86.66%, respectively, as mean residual effect. While, the initial reduction percentages for these pesticides were 98, 96, 93 and 0%, respectively. The general mean percentages of reduction caused by Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and B. bassiana were 92, 88.75, 82.63 and 90.33%, respectively. The efficiency of the tested pesticides on white fly could be arranged according to their percentages of reduction in infestation in the follows order: Lambda cyhalothrin > B. bassiana > Thiamethoxam > Azadirachtin, respectively. Results also showed that all the tested pesticides significantly decreased the number of the white fly, B. tabaci in an irregular way compared to the untreated control. Results also cleared that all the tested pesticides caused decrease in white fly populations till 11th day after treatment. The general mean numbers of the white fly, B. tabaci were 18.4, 27.6, 35.8 and 20 individuals/ sample for Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and B. bassiana, respectively, comparing with 211.6 individuals/sample in control group.

Efficiency of three insecticides, two oils and their mixtures belonging to differentgroups of chemicals, namely lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%), acetamprid (Mospilane20%), pymetrozine (Pymetrozine 25%), orange oil (Orange oil 98%) and mineral oil ( Mineral oil KZ95%) on faba bean plants against the leguminous aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch under field andlaboratory conditions was investigated. The LC50 and LC90 values were calculated after 24 hr. posttreatment.The obtained results showed that a wide range of toxicity of the tested pesticides, howeverthe insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin proved itself to be the highest toxic compound after 24hr.,recording LC50 0.098 ppm, on the other hand pymetrozine was the lowest one recording 90.53 ppm.Residual effects of insecticides and their mixtures on A. craccivora under field conditions in 2015season showed that mineral oil (77.08%), acetamprid + mineral oil ( 75.35%) and lambda-cyhalothrin+ mineral oil (53.87%), while in 2016 season, acetamprid + orange oil (27.12%) and lambdacyhalothrin+ orange oil (26.28%) recording the highest residual effects on A. craccivora. The residualeffect of lambda-cyhalothrin in faba bean plants and soil under the environmental conditions of Egyptwas studied. The tested insecticide was sprayed at recommended dose. The treated faba bean plantsand soil were randomly sampled after 2 hr., 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The tested samples were extracted,cleaned up and analyzed using gas chromatography. The recovery percentages were 75 and 90% in soiland leaves, respectively. The half life values were 0.1 and 0.2 day in leaves and soil samples,respectively.

Kerosene stoves are in widespread use for cooking and warming water in underprivileged areas in Cairo. These stoves are dangerous and lack safety measures; they are often a cause of fire incidents and burn injuries. During the period from May 1995 to December 1996 the number of patients who presented to the burn unit of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt was 759, of whom 304 (40%) sustained the injury as a consequence of kerosene stove fires. Efforts to inform the public about the danger of these stoves are recommended to minimize the incidence, morbidity, mortality and cost of this relatively common and preventable type of injury.

This paper presents the results of the analysis of clinical data from a series of 132 thermally injured patients with 214 burned hands. The objective was to identify the factors affecting the pathogenesis of postburn hand deformities. The study indicates that deep burns have the worst prognosis and that circumferential burns are always followed by secondary sequelae. The incidence of secondary hand deformity rises sharply when the burn affects more than 25 per cent of the total body surface area (TBSA). Given the same physical therapy programme, early tangential excision and immediate grafting yield better results than conservative treatment. The results underline the role of patient motivation in maximal hand rehabilitation.