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Background: In this study. we present the outcomes of hybrid and Norwood Stage I procedures for the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and its variants. Methods: In this study, a total of 97 pediatric patients who were operated due to hypoplastic left heart syndrome and its variants between March 2011 and October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-two of the patients (28 males, 4 females: median age 5 days: range, 1 to 25 days) underwent Norwood Stage I operation (Group N). while the remaining 65 patients (44 males, 21 females: median age 6 days: range, 1 to 55 days) underwent a hybrid procedure (Group H). Both treatment strategies were compared. Results: The median body weight in Group H was significantly lower and the number of patients with a low birth weight (

Background In this study, we analyzed the impact of pulmonary valve-sparing techniques on early and midterm postoperative results of tetralogy of Fallot repair. Methods A total of 64 patients diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot, who underwent total correction operation by the same surgeon between November 2010 and September 2015 were included in this retrospective study. Mean age of the patients was 20.0±14.2 months (5.5-96 months). Forty patients (62.5%) were male. Thirty two of the patients (50%) were under one year of age. Pulmonary valve-sparing techniques were performed in 29 patients (Group 2), while transannular patch was applied in the remaining 35 patients (Group 1). Pericardial monocusp valve was constructed in 15 patients in Group 1. In Group 2, pulmonary valve-sparing techniques were transatrial repair in nine patients; transatrial-transpulmonary in eight, infundibular patch in eight, and infundibular-pulmonary patch in four patients. Results There was no early postoperative mortality in Group 2. Five patients (14.2%) in Group 1 died in the early postoperative period (p=0.058). Pulmonary monocusp insertion was performed in 2 (13.3%) of these patients (p=1). The causes of mortality were sudden cardiac arrest (n=2), multiorgan failure (n=1), low cardiac output (n=1), and neurological complications (n=1). Five patients in Group 1 required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO). Three of them were separated from ECMO and two of the patients that were separated were discharged uneventfully. Total postoperative morbidity rate was significantly higher in Group 1 (51.4% vs. 6.8%) (p=0.0001). Morbidity rate was significantly lower in patients with pulmonary monocusp insertion than patients in the same group without a monocusp (p=0.0176). Forty nine (83%) of the patients were followed up for a median of 6.5 (1-24) months. While free pulmonary regurgitation was detected in all non-monocusp patients in Group 1, pulmonary regurgitation was absent or mild in Group 2. Twelve (80%) of the patients in Group 1 who had monocusp insertion were followed up. Only two of these patients had free pulmonary regurgitation (16.6%). The rest of them had mild (n=6) or mildmoderate pulmonary regurgitation (n=4). Conclusion Mortality and morbidity rates are lower when pulmonary valvesparing techniques are used in repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Monocusp pulmonary valve insertion may improve results in patients who require transannular patch repair. It is suggested that every effort should be made to achieve a competently working pulmonary valve during repair.

Joubert Syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive AR disorder characterized byneurologic findings as hypotonia, ataxia, physhcomotor developmental delay, abnormal respiratory pattern and abnormal eye movements. Molar tooth sign caused by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia is a neuroradiologic diagnostic criteria in cranial magnetic resonance imaging MRI . Scolisosis is common in these patients due to hypotonia during the early developmental period. In this article we presented our anesthesia management during scoliosis correction surgery in a patient with Joubert Syndrome

Objectives: To investigate the association between clinical hematologic parameters and saphenous vein graft failure after on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: A total of 1950 consecutive patients underwent isolated on-pump coronary artery surgery between November 2010 and February 2013. Of these, 284 patients met our inclusion criteria; their preoperative clinical hematological parameters were retrospectively obtained for this cohort study. And of them, 109 patients underwent conventional coronary angiography after graft failure was revealed by coronary computed tomography angiography. The primary endpoint was to catch at least one saphenous vein graft stenosis or occlusion following the coronary angiogram. We then analyzed risk factors for graft failure. In sequential or T grafts, each segment was analyzed as a separate graft. Results: In logistic regression analysis, older age, platelet distribution width, and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent predictors of saphenous vein graft failure (P

Cardiac complications during and after liver transplantation are a common cause of death. Although considered to be uncommon, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by reversible left ventricular akinesis without coronary artery obstruction, is becoming increasingly reported. Herein we have presented a case of reversible stress-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy resulting in cardiac arrest in a patient undergoing liver transplantation.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the perioperative risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) using “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) guidelines, in patients with low grade American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods In this multicenter, prospective, observational study, 870 surgical patients older than 40 years with ASA-PS I-II who underwent noncardiac surgery, were included. The primary outcome of this study was perioperative AKI defined by the KDIGO criteria. Results AKI was detected in 49 (5.63%) of the patients. Multivariate analysis detected the presence of preoperative hypertension (aOR = 0.130; CI = 0.030–0.566; p = 0.007) and intraoperative transfusion of erythrocytes (aOR = 0.076; CI = 0.008–0.752; p = 0.028) as independent predictors of postoperative AKI development. Conclusion Approximately, 6% of patients with ASA I-II presenting for noncardiac surgery developed postoperative AKI. Preoperative hypertension and intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion are independent predictors of AKI after non-cardiac surgery in this patient population.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive modality to monitor regional brain oxygenation (rSO(2) ). In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between cerebral rSO(2) and lactate, pump flow, hematocrit, pCO(2) , and mean blood pressure (MBP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Between March and September 2011, 50 pediatric patients who underwent congenital heart surgery were enrolled into the study. Ages ranged from 6 days to 168 months (median 14 months). A NIRS sensor (Somanetics 5100B, Troy, MI, USA) was placed on the right forehead of patients. CPB period was divided into five stages: 1-at the beginning of CBP, 2-cooling at 32°C, 3-at final hypothermic temperature, 4-rewarming at 32°C, 5-before weaning from CPB. Data collection included measurements of each parameter at five stages of CPB. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis within groups and Spearman's correlation to test association between parameters. Lactate levels increased significantly from stage 1 to stage 5 during CPB (P

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a rare coronary anomaly in children which is typically associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM) or left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young patients, and the association of myocardial ischemia with sudden death has been recognized in patients with HCM. In this report, we describe an 11-year-old boy presented with a history of exertional, nonspecific chest pain and palpitations. Cardiac catheterization revealed MB of the left anterior descending coronary artery with evidence of intramyocardial obstruction during systole. Surgical unroofing of the affected coronary artery segment resulted in complete recovery. Myocardial bridging should be included in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with signs of ischemia.

The measurement of cardiac markers is still the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI), but there is always a transition period between the time of infarction and when a marker can be measured in the blood. Therefore, clinicians are shifting their focus to the identification of potential new analytes capable of predicting MIs before the standard cardiac markers increase. In this study, we tested whether measurement of the concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in plasma can be used for this purpose.In this prospective study, we included 60 male patients who had a left main coronary artery lesion or a left main equivalent and who underwent elective (group I, n = 20), urgent (group II, n = 20), or emergent (group III, n = 20) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We excluded patients who had increased cardiac markers at admission, and drew blood samples for sICAM-1 measurements from other patients immediately after coronary angiography evaluations. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to their clinical characteristics and cardiac marker levels. Only patients with increased cardiac markers underwent emergent CABG (group III). We measured sICAM-1 concentrations immediately after coronary angiography and measured creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) just before CABG. We then evaluated the results for correlations.CK-MB, cTnI, and sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in group III than in groups I and II (P.05 for all). Our analysis for correlations between the sICAM-1 level and cardiac marker levels revealed no significant correlations in group I (CK-MB, r = 0.241 [P = .15]; cTnI, r = -0.107 [P = .32]) and group II (CK-MB, r = -0.202 [P = .19]; cTnI, r = 0.606 [P = .002]), but our analysis did reveal highly significant correlations in group III (CK-MB, r = 0.584 [P = .003]; cTnI, r = 0.605 [P = .002]).Measuring the plasma concentration of sICAM-1 before the concentrations of cardiac markers increase in patients with MI may provide clinicians with faster and reliable data for deciding on and administering the most appropriate procedures and/or therapies.